{"id":10479,"date":"2020-06-08T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=10479&preview=true&preview_id=10479"},"modified":"2020-06-08T18:01:51","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T15:01:51","slug":"ata-melik-cuveyni-neler-gordu-neler-duydu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/ata-melik-cuveyni-neler-gordu-neler-duydu\/","title":{"rendered":"At\u00e2 Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee neler g\u00f6rd\u00fc, neler duydu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu makale, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan <\/em>
\nT\u00fcrk Dili Dergisinin son say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00fcveyn\u00ee ve Cihan-g\u00fc\u015f\u00e2<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Al\u00e2\u00fcddin At\u00e2 Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, 1226-1283 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir tarih\u00e7i ve devlet adam\u0131d\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta, Mo\u011follar\u0131n Horasan, \u0130ran, Irak ve Azerbaycan umumi valisi Emir Argun\u2019un \u00f6zel k\u00e2tiplerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. Umumi vali Argun 1243-1256 aras\u0131nda ba\u015fkent Karakorum\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok resm\u00ee ziyarete \u00f6zel k\u00e2tibi C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019yi de g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. At\u00e2 Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee 1256\u2019da H\u00fcl\u00e2gu Han\u2019\u0131n hizmetine girmi\u015f ve 1258\u2019deki Ba\u011fdat seferine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1259\u2019da Ir\u00e2k-\u0131 Arab ve H\u00fbzistan eyaletlerinin y\u00f6netimi C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019ye verilmi\u015f ve C\u00fcveyn\u00ee 24 y\u0131l boyunca bu b\u00f6lgeleri \u201cm\u00fcstakil denecek bir \u015fekilde\u201d idare etmi\u015ftir (Bilgin 1993: 140).<\/p>\n

C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin as\u0131l \u015f\u00f6hreti ise T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Cih\u00e2n-g\u00fc\u015f\u00e2<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ciltlik Fars\u00e7a tarihinden kaynaklan\u0131r. 1252-1260 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan bu eser, Mo\u011fol ve \u0130lhanl\u0131 tarihinin en \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Eserin ilm\u00ee ne\u015frini yapan Kazvin\u00ee, C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin ve tarihinin \u00f6nemini \u015f\u00f6yle belirtir: C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, \u201cMo\u011fol devletinde sahip oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek makamlar ve \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6revler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kitapta anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcyle g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve onlara \u015fahit olmu\u015ftur.\u201d (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00e7evirisi 1998: 2-3).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Cih\u00e2n<\/em>–g\u00fc\u015f\u00e2<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n ilm\u00ee yay\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ranl\u0131 bilgin Mirza Muhammed Kazvin\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 1912, 1916, 1931 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 cilt h\u00e2linde Leyden ve Londra\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kazvin\u00ee, C\u00fcveyn\u00ee ve eseri hakk\u0131nda uzun ve etrafl\u0131 bir mukaddime de yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kazvin\u00ee yay\u0131n\u0131, mukaddimesiyle birlikte M\u00fcrsel \u00d6zt\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7evirisi K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce 1988\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 cilt olarak, sonra da 1998\u2019de tek cilt olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, eserinin \u201cOnlar\u0131n \u0130nan\u0131\u015flar\u0131na G\u00f6re \u0130dikut\u2019un Soyu ve Uygur \u015eehirleri\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Uygurlar\u0131n t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesine yer verir. Kendi ifadesine g\u00f6re \u201cdo\u011frulamak i\u00e7in de\u011fil\u201d, \u201chayret verici \u015feyler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in\u201d Uygurlar\u0131n din ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131na yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da benim ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m konu, Uygurlar\u0131n t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesi de\u011fildir. Efsaneyi anlatmaya ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin yazd\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi Karakorum\u2019a gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta bir\u00e7ok defa giden C\u00fcveyn\u00ee orada Uygurlar ve Uygurlar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Ordu Bal\u0131k hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler edinmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte bu bilgilerle ilgili sat\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00e7evirisinden verecek ve onlardan ne anlamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesini aktarmadan \u00f6nce C\u00fcveyn\u00ee neler yazd\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesinden \u00f6nceki sat\u0131rlar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u201cUygur inan\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re onlar\u0131n do\u011fup ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 yer, Kaan zaman\u0131nda kurulan \u015fehrin de ad\u0131 olan Karakorum ad\u0131ndaki bir da\u011fdan kaynaklanan Orhun[1]<\/a> nehri sahilidir. Karakorum da\u011f\u0131ndan, ondan ba\u015fka 30 nehir daha \u00e7\u0131kar. Her nehrin sahilinde ayr\u0131 bir kavim ya\u015f\u0131yor, Orhun sahilinde ise iki Uygur kavmi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunlar kalabal\u0131k olunca di\u011fer kavimler gibi kendi aralar\u0131ndan bir y\u00f6netici se\u00e7tiler ve onun arkas\u0131ndan gittiler. Buku Han[2]<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l bu \u015fekilde ya\u015fad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHalk\u0131n inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re bu Buku Han, Efrasiyab\u2019\u0131n ta kendisidir. Karakorum yak\u0131n\u0131nda, kenar\u0131nda bir ta\u015f olan bir kuyunun bulunmas\u0131 da o g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine destek olmu\u015ftur. O kuyuya Bijen\u2019in kuyusu demi\u015flerdir. Bu nehrin sahilindeki bir \u015fehirden yani \u015fimdi Mavu Bal\u0131g dedikleri Ordu Bal\u0131g ve oradaki bir ota\u011fla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. O ota\u011f\u0131n etraf\u0131nda bizim de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yaz\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015flar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kaan (\u00d6gedey) zaman\u0131nda ta\u015flar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 kazarak bir kuyu buldular. Orada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitabeye rastlad\u0131lar. Kitabelerin anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in uzmanlar getirilmesi konusunda emir verildi. H\u0131tay\u2019dan bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n sahibi olan beyaz dedikleri bir toplulu\u011fu getirdiler. Kitabede \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d (C\u00fcveyn\u00ee 1998: 102-103).<\/p>\n

\u0130lk paragraf\u0131n arkeolojisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Evet, bu sat\u0131rlarda neler var? C\u00fcveyn\u00ee neler g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, neler duymu\u015f? Haydi bir t\u00fcr metin arkeolojisi yapal\u0131m ve C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin bu birka\u00e7 sat\u0131rl\u0131k metninin alt\u0131n\u0131 kazal\u0131m. \u00d6nce birinci paragrafa bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

1)Karakorum, sadece \u00c7engizlilerin ba\u015fkentinin ad\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda oradaki da\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 imi\u015f. En az\u0131ndan \u00d6gedey Kaan[3]<\/a> zaman\u0131ndaki Uygurlar \u00f6yle biliyorlar.<\/p>\n

2) Orkun nehri bu da\u011fdan kaynaklan\u0131yormu\u015f. Nehrin ad\u0131 da o zaman h\u0131 ile de\u011fil kaf harfiyle, Orkun bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

3) Karakorum da\u011f\u0131ndan 30 nehir daha \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yormu\u015f ve her nehrin sahilinde ayr\u0131 bir kavim ya\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

4) Orkun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ise iki Uygur kavmi ya\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f. Bu iki Uygur kavmi kalabal\u0131kla\u015f\u0131nca kendilerine bir y\u00f6netici se\u00e7mi\u015fler ve Buku Han ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar 500 y\u0131l bu \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bahaeddin \u00d6gel, \u201cRe\u015fideddin gibi tarih\u00e7ilerin buralara \u2018Otuz \u0131rmak\u2019, \u2018On \u0131rmak\u2019 gibi\u201d adlar verdiklerini belirttikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201cRe\u015fideddin\u2019e g\u00f6re bu \u00e7aylar boyunca ya\u015fayan halklar, yava\u015f yava\u015f birer boy haline gelmi\u015f ve bu yolla da Uygur oymaklar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirmi\u015flerdi.\u201d (\u00d6gel 1971: 80-81).<\/p>\n

Yine bir \u0130lhanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi olan Re\u015fideddin de \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri C\u00e2mi\u00fc\u2019t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh\u2019<\/em>i C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019den 40-50 y\u0131l sonra yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki tarih\u00e7inin verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re Orhun vadisinde pek \u00e7ok akarsu var ve her nehir boyunda ayr\u0131 bir boy bulunuyor. Bu bilgiler, \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en Dokuz O\u011fuz, On Uygur terimleriyle uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin \u201ciki Uygur kavmi\u201d ile neyi kastetti\u011fini bilmiyoruz. \u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki Uygurlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan bir\u00e7ok boy aras\u0131nda ikisi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve as\u0131l Uygurlar o iki kavimden meydana geliyor.<\/p>\n

Buku \/ B\u00f6g\u00fc Han, C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesine g\u00f6re o zamanki Uygurlar\u0131n Afr\u00e2siyab oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda efsane, tam bir O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan destan\u0131 gibidir. Buku \/ B\u00f6g\u00fc Han her yana ordular g\u00f6ndererek b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fetheder ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kavimleri vergiye ba\u011flar. Demek ki C\u00fcveyn\u00ee zaman\u0131ndaki Uygurlar, bu efsanevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdardan \u00f6nce de en az 500 y\u0131l atalar\u0131n\u0131n Orkun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Efsanevi B\u00f6g\u00fc Han ile Bozk\u0131r Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 B\u00f6g\u00fc Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsek bile bu h\u00fck\u00fcmdara kadar ge\u00e7en 500 y\u0131l boyunca Uygurlar, Orkun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda imi\u015f. Asl\u0131nda K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin Orhun vadisine Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 eteklerinden 552 y\u0131l\u0131nda geldiklerini biliyoruz. K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerden \u00f6nce de Orhun vadisinin y\u00f6neticileri Juan Juanlar idi. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere g\u00f6re, acaba Juan Juanlar zaman\u0131nda Orhun vadisinde baz\u0131 Uygur boylar\u0131n\u0131n da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir miyiz? \u0130sterseniz burada bir tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na girmeyelim ve meseleyi, Bahaeddin \u00d6gel ile Ahmet Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u2019\u0131n Kao-\u00e7\u0131 ve Tiele\u2019ler ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na b\u0131rakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci paragraf\u0131n arkeolojisi <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bir de ikinci paragrafta neler anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6relim.<\/p>\n

1)Efsane, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaz\u0131t \u00fczerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Mo\u011follar o yaz\u0131y\u0131 bilmemekte ve okuyamamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

2) Yaz\u0131t \u00d6gedey Kaan zaman\u0131nda, yani 1229-1241 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

3) \u00d6gedey Kaan zaman\u0131nda Ordu Bal\u0131k\u2019ta \u00e2deta arkeolojik bir kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir ta\u015f yerinden oynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, alt\u0131nda bir kuyu bulunmu\u015f, kuyudan da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaz\u0131t \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4) Arkeolojik kaz\u0131yla yetinilmemi\u015f, yaz\u0131t \u00fczerindeki bilinmeyen yaz\u0131n\u0131n okunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uzmanlar getirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

5) Uzmanlar \u00c7in\u2019de bulunan ve \u201cbeyaz\u201d denilen bir topluluktur. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee beyaz toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cbu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n sahibi olan\u201d demektedir.<\/p>\n

6) \u00d6gedey, 1229-1241 aras\u0131nda kaanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin Karakorum\u2019a s\u0131k gitti\u011fi tarihler, umumi vali Argun\u2019un k\u00e2tibi olarak hizmet g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1243-1256 y\u0131llar\u0131d\u0131r. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin eserini yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih ise 1252\u2019dir ve bu bilgiler eserinin ba\u015flar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Yani kuyudaki yaz\u0131t\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 olay\u0131 \u00fczerinden en fazla 23, en az 2 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ortalama olarak 10-15 y\u0131l diyelim. Yaz\u0131t\u0131n bulunup okunmas\u0131ndan 10-15 y\u0131l sonra Karakorum\u2019da C\u00fcveyn\u00ee bu olay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle not etmi\u015f ve 1252\u2019de yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserine de kaydetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Efsanenin kaydedildi\u011fi kitabe \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131 hangi yaz\u0131 idi? Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7engizlilerin b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 Uygurlard\u0131 ve Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131 onlar i\u00e7in me\u00e7hul bir yaz\u0131 de\u011fildi, tam tersine onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck yaz\u0131s\u0131 idi. \u00c7in yaz\u0131s\u0131 da olamazd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in yaz\u0131s\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde de \u00e7ok iyi bilinen bir yaz\u0131yd\u0131. Karakorum\u2019da da herhalde \u00c7inliler vard\u0131. E\u011fer yaz\u0131, \u00e7ok iyi bilinen \u00c7in yaz\u0131s\u0131 olsayd\u0131 C\u00fcveyn\u00ee, bunun okunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cH\u0131tay\u2019dan bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n sahibi olan beyaz dedikleri bir topluluk\u201d getirtildi\u011fini yazmazd\u0131; \u201c\u00c7inlilere veya \u00c7ince bilenlere okutuldu\u201d gibi bir ifade kullan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6gedey Kaan d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in bilinmeyen yaz\u0131 olsa olsa K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ordu Bal\u0131k \/ Kara Balgasun, Bozk\u0131r Uygur Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentidir ve Karakorum\u2019a \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn de orada K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfli baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaz\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7) Demek ki \u00d6gedey Kaan zaman\u0131nda (1229-1241) Ordu Bal\u0131k\u2019ta bir kuyu i\u00e7inde K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk harfli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaz\u0131t bulunmu\u015ftur ve yaz\u0131tta hayli hacimli olan Uygur t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesi kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u00d6geday Kaan<\/p><\/div>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar burada bitmiyor. Daha ba\u015fka baz\u0131 sorular ve muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar da var:<\/p>\n

8) Orkun nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Ordu Bal\u0131k \u015fehrine C\u00fcveyn\u00ee zaman\u0131nda Mavu Bal\u0131g deniyormu\u015f. Uygurlar\u0131n \u201cOrdu Bal\u0131g ve oradaki bir ota\u011fla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131\u201d varm\u0131\u015f. Buradaki \u201cota\u011f\u201d kelimesiyle kastedilen nedir? Uygurlar bu b\u00f6lgeden 840\u2019ta g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. 840\u2019tan 1200\u2019lere bir ota\u011f kalmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00dcstelik K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n h\u00fccumu dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fehirde Uygurlara ait ota\u011f kalm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. O h\u00e2lde ota\u011f ile bir h\u00f6y\u00fck veya bir toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 kastediliyor? Ordu Bal\u0131k\u2019\u0131n surlar\u0131 ve surlar i\u00e7indeki toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn de durmaktad\u0131r. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee \u015fehirle veya ota\u011fla ilgili \u201can\u0131lar\u201d derken neyi anlatmak istemektedir; acaba kuyuda bulunan yaz\u0131t\u0131 m\u0131 kastediyor? Yoksa Uygurlardan bozk\u0131r ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemiyle ilgili ba\u015fka baz\u0131 bilgiler \/ rivayetler mi i\u015fitmi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n

9) \u0130\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitabe bulunan kuyu nas\u0131l bir \u015feydir? Her h\u00e2lde bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekilde dik bir kuyu olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle, son zamanlarda bulunan K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk mezarlar\u0131na benzer bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Kazak bilimcileri Karjavbay Sartkojauli ile Jantekin Karjavbayul\u0131, Mo\u011fol meslekta\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda kazd\u0131klar\u0131 Mayhan Uul kurgan\u0131nda 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait bir K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk mezar\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kurgan, Ulan Bator\u2019un 210 kilometre bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Bulgan eyaletinde, Mayhan Uul da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ete\u011findedir. Kurgandaki mezara 42 metre uzunlu\u011funda, ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 35 derece e\u011fimli bir koridorla inilmektedir. Gerek koridorun duvarlar\u0131nda gerek mezar i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok resim ve heykel bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda pars, bo\u011fa, ko\u015fumlu at, insan, nil\u00fcfer \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ve kutsal a\u011fa\u00e7 resimleri ile bir\u00e7ok insan heykelci\u011fi vard\u0131r (Sartkojauli, 2013).<\/p>\n

Sartkojauli\u2019nin yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bence, bir \u00f6nceki maddede sordu\u011fumuz \u201cota\u011f\u201d\u0131n da cevab\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kurgan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu da\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 Mayhan Uul, \u201c\u00e7ad\u0131r da\u011f\u0131\u201d demektir “ve bu da\u011f\u0131n eteklerinde, Mayhan Uul gibi y\u0131\u011fma topraktan, k\u00fcmbete benzer 12 kurgan bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cota\u011f\u201d diye bahsetti\u011fi de Ordu Bal\u0131k yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer alan k\u00fcmbet \u015feklindeki bir kurgan olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kuyu da t\u0131pk\u0131 K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk mezar\u0131 gibi 35 derecelik e\u011fimle topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na inen kurgan i\u00e7indeki bir Uygur mezar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ya bir ka\u011fan\u0131n ya da ileri gelen bir Uygur\u2019un mezar\u0131. \u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki b\u00f6lgedeki kurganlarda yap\u0131lacak arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar daha bir\u00e7ok K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Uygur mezar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

10) Kuyunun i\u00e7indeki \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck kitabe\u201dden kas\u0131t nedir? Kitabede ne yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Uygurlar\u0131n t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesi. Soru, kitabenin malzemesiyle ilgilidir. Kitabe, acaba mezar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ta\u015fa m\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Ben buna ihtimal vermiyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerden ve Uygurlardan kalan yaz\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015flar hep a\u00e7\u0131k alanda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bence efsane, koridorun ve mezar\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mayhan Uul kurgan\u0131ndaki duvarlarda resimler bulundu\u011funu biliyoruz. Duvarlar resim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re yaz\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Tabii kitabenin bulundu\u011fu zeminde efsaneyle ilgili veya ba\u015fka konularda resimler de bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Mayhan Uul Kurgan\u0131’nda bir duvar resmi (Atlas Dergisi, Ocak 2013, Say\u0131:238)<\/p><\/div>\n

11) Yaz\u0131t\u0131n okunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uzmanlar \u00c7in\u2019den getirtiliyor: \u201cH\u0131tay\u2019dan bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n sahibi olan beyaz dedikleri bir toplulu\u011fu getirdiler.\u201d Kimlerdir bu topluluk ve bu toplulu\u011fa ni\u00e7in \u201cbeyaz\u201d diyorlar? \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u2019te \u201cbeyaz\u201d kelimesinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yer \u00d6gel \u00e7evirisinde \u00fc\u00e7 nokta (\u2026) ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Fars\u00e7a metindeki kelime neydi, onu bilmiyorum. \u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u201cbeyaz\u201d diye \u00e7evirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re Fars\u00e7as\u0131 da her h\u00e2lde o anlamda bir kelime olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Beyaz veya ba\u015fka bir kelime\u2026 Ne olursa olsun, bu toplulu\u011fun o d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kitabedeki yaz\u0131n\u0131n da onlar\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. E\u011fer bu \u201ctopluluk\u201d bir Uygur toplulu\u011fu olsayd\u0131, C\u00fcveyn\u00ee onlar\u0131 \u201cUygur\u201d olarak kaydederdi. Bence bunlar, T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7in\u2019e iltica eden K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin torunlar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131, K\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00c7in\u2019e iltica edenleri kaydeder. Bunlardan biri de \u201ckabileleriyle birlikte\u201d \u00c7in\u2019e iltica eden Bilge Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Tunyukuk\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131 olan Bo-fu Katun\u2019dur. 745 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda son K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ka\u011fan\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce \u201cBilge Kagan\u2019\u0131n hatunu Po-fu, halk\u0131na liderlik ederek gelip kendili\u011finden itaat etti.\u201d (Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, 2004: 59, 92). T\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 500 y\u0131l sonra da \u00c7in\u2019de K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 okuyup anlayan bir toplulu\u011fun bulunuyor olmas\u0131 son derece dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Karakorum yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bir kuyuya Bijen\u2019in kuyusu diyorlarm\u0131\u015f ya o kuyuya hi\u00e7 inmeyelim. Sonra \u015eehn\u00e2me<\/em>\u2019nin i\u00e7indeki bir kuyuda kaybolabilir, daha sonra da kendimizi kuyunun dibinden a\u00e7\u0131lan bir t\u00fcnelle Bams\u0131 Beyrek\u2019in veya Alpam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n hapsedildi\u011fi kuyuda bulabiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte 14 sat\u0131rl\u0131k iki paragraf i\u00e7inde benim g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerim. Bu tarih\u00ee metinler kim bilir daha nice s\u0131rlar ta\u015f\u0131yor. C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019yi, Re\u015fideddin\u2019i ve di\u011ferlerini okumaya devam etmeli, s\u0131rlar\u0131 bulup \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z. Belki bir g\u00fcn a\u011flayan nar ile g\u00fclen ayvan\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 da bu metinler bize a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Alaaddin Ata Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee (1998), Tarih-i Cihan G\u00fc\u015fa<\/em> (\u00c7eviren: M\u00fcrsel \u00d6zt\u00fcrk), Ankara, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bilgin, Orhan (1993), \u201cC\u00fcveyn\u00ee, At\u00e2 Melik\u201d, TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi,<\/em> Cilt: 8, \u0130stanbul, TDV Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6gel, Bahaeddin (1971), T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi (Kaynaklar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ile destanlar),<\/em> Ankara, Sel\u00e7uklu Tarih ve Medeniyeti Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sartkojauli Karcaubay (2013), \u201cG\u00f6kt\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Toprak Halk\u0131\u201d, Atlas dergisi,<\/em> Ocak 2013, say\u0131: 238.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, Ahmet (2004), G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler III<\/em>, Ankara, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00d6gel\u2019de Arkun (\u00d6gel 1971: 74). \u00d6zt\u00fcrk de \u201cMetinde Orkun olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.\u201d \u015feklinde dipnot d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00d6gel\u2019de B\u00f6g\u00fc-Han \/ B\u00f6k\u00fc-Tegin (\u00d6gel 1971: 74-75).<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk ve Bozk\u0131r Uygurlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cka\u011fan\u201dlar\u0131, Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201ch\u00e2kan\u201dlar\u0131, \u00c7engizlilerin \u201ckaan\u201dlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u0130ki \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan 182 y\u0131l sonra yani 927 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in imparatorunun bir K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk y\u00f6neticisini ziyaret edip K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk tanr\u0131s\u0131na kurban sundu\u011fu ve kuzey geleneklerine g\u00f6re t\u00f6ren yap\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etti\u011fi kaydedilmi\u015ftir (Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l 2004: 61).<\/p>\n

Dergi metnine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ahmet B. Ercilasun, Tarih\u00e7i ve Devlet Adam\u0131 olan C\u00fcveyn\u00ee\u2019nin T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Cih\u00e2n-g\u00fc\u015f\u00e2 adl\u0131 eserinde Uygurlar ve Ordu Bal\u0131k hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendi deyimiyle tarih sayfalar\u0131nda metin arkeolojisi yap\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":10492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,68],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nAt\u00e2 Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee neler g\u00f6rd\u00fc, neler duydu? - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/ata-melik-cuveyni-neler-gordu-neler-duydu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"At\u00e2 Melik C\u00fcveyn\u00ee neler g\u00f6rd\u00fc, neler duydu? - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ahmet B. 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Eserleri: - Arpa\\u00e7ay K\\u00f6ylerinden Derlemeler (Prof. Dr. Sel\\u00e2hattin Olcay ve Dr. Ensar Aslan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1976). - Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri I-II (Ankara 1977). - Kars \\u0130li Ag\\u0131zlar\\u0131 - Ses Bilgisi (Ankara 1983). - Kutadgu Bilig Grameri \\u2013 Fiil (Ankara 1984). - Dilde Birlik (\\u0130stanbul 1984). - Uygur Halk Masallar\\u0131 (\\u015eek\\u00fcr Turan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1989). - \\u00d6rneklerle Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri (Ankara 1990). - Mo\\u011folistan ve \\u00c7in G\\u00fcnl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc (Ankara 1991). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri S\\u00f6zl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc 1-2 (ortak) (Ankara 1991, 1992). - T\\u00fcrk D\\u00fcnyas\\u0131 \\u00dczerine \\u0130ncelemeler (Ankara 1998). - T\\u00fcrk Dili I-II-III-IV (Leyla Karahan ile birlikte) (Ankara 1994-1996). - G\\u00fclnar -roman- (\\u0130stanbul 1998). - Ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7tan Yirminci Y\\u00fczy\\u0131la T\\u00fcrk Dili Tarihi (Ankara 2004). - 2BA Beden Beyin Ak\\u0131m\\u0131 -roman- (Ankara 2006). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri-I Fiil - Basit \\u00c7ekim (Ortak) (Ankara 2006). - Makaleler \\u2013 Dil-Destan-Tarih-Edebiyat (Yay\\u0131na haz\\u0131rlayan: Ekrem Ar\\u0131ko\\u011flu) (Ankara 2007). - T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri (Edit\\u00f6r) (Ankara 2007). - K\\u00e2\\u015fgarl\\u0131 Mahmud - D\\u00eev\\u00e2nu Lug\\u00e2ti\\u2019t-T\\u00fcrk \\u2013 Giri\\u015f-Metin-\\u00c7eviri-Notlar-Dizin (Ziyat Akkoyunlu ile birlikte) (Ankara 2014). - T\\u00fcrk\\u2019\\u00fcn Kay\\u0131p Kitab\\u0131-Ulu Han Ata -roman- (Ankara 2016). - T\\u00fcrk Ka\\u011fanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 ve T\\u00fcrk Beng\\u00fc Ta\\u015flar\\u0131 (Ankara 2016). - Bir\\u00e7ok ilm\\u00ee ve fikr\\u00ee makale. - K\\u00f6\\u015fe Yaz\\u0131lar\\u0131 (2008'den itibaren Yeni\\u00e7a\\u011f gazetesinde).\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10479"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10479"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10508,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10479\/revisions\/10508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}