{"id":10807,"date":"2020-07-09T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=10807&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=10807"},"modified":"2020-07-07T13:24:33","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T10:24:33","slug":"uc-medeniyet-din-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dc\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10815\" src=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ba\u015f-resi\u00f6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ba\u015f-resi\u00f6.jpeg 335w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ba\u015f-resi\u00f6-262x300.jpeg 262w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ba\u015f-resi\u00f6-131x150.jpeg 131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><i>Bu yaz\u0131, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun \u00dc\u00e7 Medeniyet kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n<em><i>Bu eser, Do\u011fu Kitabevi Genel Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmenleri<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n<em><i>Ertan E\u011fribel ve Ufuk \u00d6zcan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zel izniyle kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>(29.06.2020 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bilim ve felsefe alan\u0131nda uzun m\u00fcddet insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini kendi denetimi\u00a0alt\u0131nda tutmaya, m\u00fcspet ilimleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir taraf\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fiddetle\u00a0takip\u00a0etmeye, felsefe ad\u0131na eski Aristo ve Eflatun geleneklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0hi\u00e7bir \u015fey tan\u0131mamaya al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olan kilise, bu denetleme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikten\u00a0sonra, yeni kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversite ve okullarla modern \u00fcniversite ve\u00a0okullar\u0131n etkilerini\u00a0gidermeye koyuldu.<\/p>\n<p>Hatta sonradan m\u00fccadele \u00f6zellikle ekonomik sahaya d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamanlar\u00a0bu silahtan\u00a0da faydalanarak &#8220;Hristiyan Sosyalizmi&#8221;\u00a0perdesi alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat bo\u015f yere! Hristiyan cemiyetleri durmadan ilerliyor ve y\u00fckseliyordu.\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0ve vazife ayr\u0131m\u0131 kaidesi art\u0131k sosyal b\u00fcnyenin prensibini te\u015fkil ediyordu.\u00a0\u0130\u015flerin\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu bir muhitte her z\u00fcmrenin, her h\u00fccrenin yetkisi\u00a0ve vazifeleri\u00a0belliyken her \u015feye h\u00e2kim\u00a0olmak isteyen, her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde kendin\u00ee\u00a0g\u00f6ren, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00a0yetkileri, b\u00fct\u00fcn velayetleri kendinde farz ederek hayat\u0131nb\u00fct\u00fcn madd\u00ee\u00a0ve manev\u00ee\u00a0par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek iddias\u0131nda bulunan bir z\u00fcmrenin\u00a0bask\u0131 ve zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131lamazd\u0131. M\u00fccadele devam ettik\u00e7e ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0hangi tarafta olaca\u011f\u0131 her g\u00fcn daha ziyade belli oluyordu. Nihayet bir\u00e7ok sallant\u0131lardan,\u00a0uygulama ve bunun tepkilerinden sonra yeni ruh, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f zihniyet\u00a0tam galebeyi kazand\u0131. Kilise ile r\u00fbh\u00e2n\u00ee\u00a0z\u00fcmrenin\u00a0velayet ve yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131\u00a0tamam\u0131yla belirdi ve bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamaz oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden i\u015f\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve vazife ayr\u0131m\u0131 kaidesi\u00a0kilise hakk\u0131nda da uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em><em><i>Serbest fikir ve serbest hareket<\/i><\/em><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em>, <em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em><em><i>Ya\u015fa ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131na <\/i><\/em><em><i>m\u00e2ni<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><em><i>olma<\/i><\/em><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em>, <em>&#8220;<i>\u015fahsiy<\/i><\/em><em><i>etini geli\u015ftir ve ba\u015fka <\/i><\/em><em><i>\u015fahsi<\/i><\/em><em><i>yetlerin geli\u015fmesine <\/i><\/em><em><i>m\u00e2ni<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0ol<\/i><\/em><em><i>m<\/i><\/em><em><i>a<\/i><\/em><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em>. \u0130\u015fte\u00a0yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 esaslar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u0131n\u0131r i\u00e7inde kilise ve r\u00fbh\u00e2n\u00ee z\u00fcmre de serbesttir ve h\u00fcrd\u00fcr; onun vazifesi din \u00f6\u011fretimi de\u011fil midir? \u0130stedi\u011fi kadar bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, propaganda yaps\u0131n, telkinlerde bulunsun, okullar a\u00e7s\u0131n, vaazlar versin, gazete ve dergiler yay\u0131nlas\u0131n. Fakat ba\u015fka \u015feye kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n. Cemiyet i\u00e7in kanunlar koymaya, insanlar\u0131n fikir ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yeltenmesin, halk\u0131n kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemesine m\u00e2ni olmas\u0131n. K\u0131sacas\u0131 fikir ve hareket i\u00e7in belli prensipler, belli kaideler koymaya ve bu kaidelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131 lanetlemeye kalk\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n. Kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren cemiyetin prensibi olan <em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em><em><i>serbest fikir ve<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><em><i>serbest hareket<\/i><\/em><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em>\u00a0esas\u0131na isyan etmi\u015f olur ve cemiyet de onu kendi vazifesi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7ine sokmak zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn \u00e7evremizdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn cemiyetlerde kilise ve r\u00fbh\u00e2n\u00ee\u00a0z\u00fcmre bu durumu\u00a0ister\u00a0istemez kabul etti. Hi\u00e7bir yerde cemiyet i\u00e7in kanunlar koymaya, &#8220;me\u015fru\u00a0me\u015frutiyet&#8221;\u00a0tertibine, yasama meclislerini denetlemeye, mill\u00ee\u00a0h\u00e2kimiyetin\u00a0\u00fcst\u00fcnde bir h\u00e2kimiyet kurmaya, cemiyete elbise, d\u00f6\u015feme modas\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye,\u00a0fertlerin fikr\u00ee\u00a0cereyanlar\u0131na m\u00e2ni\u00a0olmaya yeltenemez, yeltenmek istedi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00a0hemen kendi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bunun i\u00e7indir ki, bug\u00fcn bu cemiyetlerde z\u00fcmrelerin vazifeleri birbiri i\u00e7ine\u00a0girmedi\u011finden, her m\u00fcessese ve \u00f6zellikle kilise kendisine has olan vazifeleri\u00a0halk\u0131n en fazla yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir tarzda yapmaktad\u0131r. Orada\u00a0mill\u00ee\u00a0h\u00e2kimiyet ve bu mill\u00ee\u00a0h\u00e2kimiyeti temsil eden yasama meclisleri hakk\u0131yla\u00a0h\u00e2kimdir, istedi\u011fi ve memleket i\u00e7in en faydal\u0131 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir kanunu kabul\u00a0etmekte tamam\u0131yla serbesttir. Bunun gibi, bir bilgin, bir fikir adam\u0131, bir edip\u00a0kendi incelemelerinde, kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde, ilhamlar\u0131nda tamam\u0131yla serbesttir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Orta\u00e7a\u011f&#8217;da ve yeni y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n dini alg\u0131lay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ile, hi\u00e7bir d\u0131\u015f endi\u015fe ile ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fte bunun i\u00e7indir ki bu sahalar\u0131n\u00a0her birinde cemiyet i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck menfaat sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Kilise ve din\u00a0alan\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu, yani bunlar\u0131n da s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, faaliyetlerinin yetki\u00a0dairesi belli oldu ve bu\u00a0sayede alan ve geni\u015flik\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte kaybetmi\u015f olduklar\u0131\u00a0halde verimlilik ve\u00a0yo\u011funluk\u00e7a kazand\u0131lar. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur ki bug\u00fcn Avrupa&#8217;da dindar olan kimse\u00a0hakk\u0131yla dindard\u0131r. Art\u0131k Hz. Meryem&#8217;in resmine\u00a0bir mum adayarak h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa gidenler bulunmaz, papaza para vererek cenneti\u00a0sat\u0131n alacak budalalar kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Halbuki Stendhal&#8217;i veya Decameron hikayelerini\u00a0okuyunuz. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Avrupa bu \u00e7e\u015fit insanlarla doluydu.\u00a0Fakat buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bug\u00fcn kimse riya perdesi alt\u0131nda saklanmak mecburiyetinde\u00a0bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi dindarlar da hakk\u0131yla anlayarak, duyarak dindard\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Din hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131 vazifelerini kavray\u0131p o vazifenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kendilerini\u00a0verdikleri\u00a0gibi, di\u011fer z\u00fcmreler de kendi i\u015f ve hareketlerinde, kendi vazifeleri\u00a0alan\u0131nda tamam\u0131yla serbesttirler ve kimsenin ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fine kar\u0131\u015fmak\u00a0hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan neticede herkesin menfaati, cemiyetin y\u00fckselmesi, devletin\u00a0ilerlemesi en m\u00fckemmel surette sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ruhu! \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f cemiyetlerin durumu! Etraf\u0131m\u0131zda, yani \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki insanl\u0131kta da, din d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e arada bir denge vard\u0131 ve \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e7evreleri ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan geri kalm\u0131yordu. Fakat insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ba\u015fka tarafa do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f olduktan, bu cemiyetler kendi i\u015flerini, yani d\u00fcnyev\u00ee ve madd\u00ee i\u015flerini d\u00fczenlemek hususunda tam bir h\u00fcrriyet ve serbest\u00ee elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131ktan sonra, \u0130sl\u00e2m cemiyetlerinden daha ziyade ilerlemeye ve y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e aradaki mesafe geni\u015fledi ve nihayet bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bir tarafta serbestlik ve h\u00fcrriyet, tecr\u00fcbe ve ak\u0131l h\u00e2kimiyeti, di\u011fer tarafta durgunluk ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k. Besbellidir ki birisi y\u00fcr\u00fcyecek ve ilerleyecek, \u00f6teki hi\u00e7<br \/>\nolmazsa duracakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Hukuk nedir? Fertler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri tespit de\u011fil midir? \u00d6yleyse hukuk\u00a0mahiyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hareketlidir, de\u011fi\u015fen bir konudur. Zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla hayat\u00a0\u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden fertler aras\u0131ndaki ilgiler de de\u011fi\u015fir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onlar\u0131 tespit\u00a0eden prensiplerin de de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Zaten Kuran&#8217;\u0131n d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait k\u0131sm\u0131 ayn\u0131 madd\u00ee\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin mahsul\u00fc\u00a0de\u011fil midir? Mukaddes ayetlerin ini\u015f sebeplerine ait herhangi bir eseri, mesela\u00a0\u0130mam-\u0131 S\u00fcyut\u00ee&#8217;nin Esbab-\u0131 N\u00fcz\u00fbl&#8217;\u00a0\u00fcn\u00fc okuyunuz. G\u00f6receksiniz ki d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine\u00a0ait ayetlerin\u00a0hepsi madd\u00ee\u00a0sebeplere dayanarak meydana \u00e7\u0131kan bir ihtiyac\u0131n\u00a0d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7indir. Demek ki bu ayetlerin inmesine bile hukukun mahiyet\u00a0bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fik olmas\u0131 sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi bir taraftan bir cemiyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz ki kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemede, yani kanun yapmada tamam\u0131yla serbesttir, di\u011fer taraftan da ba\u015fka bir cemiyet tasavvur edin\u00eez ki bu serbestlikten yoksun olsun, bir noktaya saplan\u0131p dursun. Besbellidir ki birincisi hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00e2ima zaman ve mek\u00e2na uygun bir tarzda d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve tertip etmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r; ikincisi d\u00e2ima zaman ve mek\u00e2ndan geri kalm\u0131\u015f bulunacakt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7i bizde de, zaman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmler de\u011fi\u015fir, kaidesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat bu kaideye do\u011fruluk ve samimiyetle ri\u00e2yet\u00a0olunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve olunmuyor. \u0130stenildi\u011fi zaman din\u00ee\u00a0bir bahane ile her \u00e7e\u015fit yenili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor\u00a0ve din ad\u0131na her \u00e7e\u015fit i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee\u00a0geli\u015fmeye engel olunuyor. Yaln\u0131z naslara de\u011fil,\u00a0al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara bile din\u00ee\u00a0mahiyet verilerek fertlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve hareket te\u015febb\u00fcsleri\u00a0ve cemiyetlerin de madd\u00ee\u00a0ve manev\u00ee\u00a0geli\u015fmeleri durduruluyor. Kendilerini\u00a0din\u00een temsilcisi sayanlar ilm\u00ee, fenn\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee, mal\u00ee, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretime\u00a0ait her i\u015fte kendilerinde her \u00e7e\u015fit yetkiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, her \u015feye parmaklar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0sokuyorlar. Cahil, din ve d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 derecede habersiz olan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0taassup gayretini g\u0131c\u0131klayarak her \u00e7e\u015fit yenili\u011fe, zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u00a0gerektirdi\u011fi her de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi kendileri i\u00e7in bir vazife say\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u0131n\u0131z mesela e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim metodu meselesini: S\u0131rf bir sanat olan bu alan\u0131n dinle bir ilgisi var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bununla beraber yeni metodu kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in ne kadar zahmetler \u00e7ekildi, ne kadar dinsizlik ithamlar\u0131na g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gerildi! Hele az \u00e7ok dinle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte ilgili olan hukuk, iktisat, siyaset meselelerinde k\u0131yamet kopuyor, dinin temsilcisi say\u0131lan z\u00fcmre bu meselelere dair kimse i\u00e7in yetki tan\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Tek yetkiyi kendilerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Kendileri ise ne zaman ne mek\u00e2n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131yor, fert ve cemiyeti y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri kalm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7oktan beri zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f prensiplere ba\u011flayarak hayat\u0131 durdurmaya, ruhlu insanlar\u0131 ruhsuz bir kal\u0131p haline sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan dolay\u0131, yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz zaman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmler de de\u011fi\u015fir kaidesi, bizde kuru, her \u00e7e\u015fit hayat\u00ee kudretten yoksun, uygulama alan\u0131 olmayan bir form\u00fcl halinde kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10809\" style=\"width: 845px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10809\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10809 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.B\u00f6l\u00fcm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.B\u00f6l\u00fcm.jpg 835w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.B\u00f6l\u00fcm-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.B\u00f6l\u00fcm-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.B\u00f6l\u00fcm-768x430.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;\u015eahsiyetini geli\u015ftir ve ba\u015fka \u015fahs\u00eeyetlerin geli\u015fmesine m\u00e2ni\u00a0olma.&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebi, bu d\u00fcsturun davran\u0131\u015flarla de\u011fil s\u00f6zle, ak\u0131l ile de\u011fil\u00a0dille kabul\u00a0edilmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bizdeki zihniyet bu prensibin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ve geni\u015fli\u011fini,\u00a0hikmet ve mahiyetini hakk\u0131yla anlamaya ve kavramaya m\u00e2nidir. Biz\u00a0bir kere gelene\u011fe yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p\u00a0kalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z. Biz her \u015feyi oradan almaya ve oraya d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye\u00a0al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u0131z. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri b\u00fct\u00fcn ilim ve fenn\u00ee, hikmet ve felsefeyi,\u00a0ahl\u00e2k ve hukuku, siyaseti, k\u0131sacas\u0131 her \u015feyi orayla ilgili g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcz ve \u015fimdi\u00a0de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f tarz\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kanlara\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00e2ima\u00a0lanetleme ve\u00a0kafir sayma silah\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f\u0131z ve kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere, Avrupa&#8217; da da bir zamanlar b\u00f6yleydi. Bu\u00a0hal orada da\u00a0\u015fimdiye kadar devam edegelmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, iki alem aras\u0131nda denge\u00a0olacakt\u0131. Hatta ayn\u0131\u00a0saha \u00fczerinde ayn\u0131\u00a0yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen iki \u00fcmmetten \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00a0cemaati daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olacakt\u0131.\u00a0\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u00a0Hristiyanl\u0131ktan ilerlemeye ve\u00a0y\u00fckselmeye -tarihin de ispat etti\u011fi gibi- daha m\u00fcsaittir.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat yaz\u0131k ki durum bu de\u011fildir. Avrupa&#8217;da i\u015fler de\u011fi\u015fti. Orada i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve vazife ayr\u0131m\u0131 kanunu h\u00e2kim olarak, din\u00ee z\u00fcmreler kendilerine has olan \u00f6zel sahaya d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Amme velayetinden ve yetkisinden mahrum edildiler. \u0130htisaslar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktan, ba\u015fka sahalara kar\u0131\u015fmaktan menedildiler. \u0130\u015fte dengenin bu suretle bozulmas\u0131 bizi \u00e7ok feci bir halde b\u0131rakt\u0131. Biz fiilen Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n d\u00f6rt-be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l evvelki zihniyetini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, o zamanki hayat\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z halde, bug\u00fcn ister istemez onun bir\u00e7ok hayat\u00ee m\u00fcesseselerini taklit etmek mecburiyetindeyiz. Bu durum bizde \u00f6yle feci haller yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki fec\u00e2atin derecesini yaln\u0131z uzun uzun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp bug\u00fcn \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz felaketlerin sebeplerini incelemek zahmetine katlananlar takdir edebilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Mesela biz me\u015frutiyet usul\u00fcn\u00fc Avrupa&#8217;dan almak mecburiyetinde kald\u0131k.\u00a0Halbuki bu usul\u00fcn Avrupa&#8217;da ifade etti\u011fi m\u00e2n\u00e2\u00a0ile bizim zihniyetimiz aras\u0131nda\u00a0siyahla beyaz kadar fark vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa&#8217;da me\u015frutiyet usul\u00fc demek, mill\u00ee\u00a0h\u00e2kimiyet dernektir. Yani, mill\u00ee\u00a0iradenin her \u015feye h\u00e2kim\u00a0olmas\u0131, mill\u00ee\u00a0iradenin ilgili oldu\u011fu her maddenin kesin\u00a0bir emir olmas\u0131 demektir. Orada mill\u00ee\u00a0meclisler mill\u00ee\u00a0hayat\u0131n\u00a0herhangi bir\u00a0k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve herhangi \u015fekle sokmak hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Orada <em><i>&#8220;zaman\u0131n<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><em><i>de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmler de de\u011fi\u015fir<\/i><\/em><em><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em>kaidesine hakk\u0131yla ri\u00e2yet\u00a0edilerek\u00a0herhangi kaideyi, usul\u00fc l\u00fczum g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler.\u00a0Bizde de b\u00f6yle midir?<\/p>\n<p>Bizde ger\u00e7ekten mill\u00ee\u00a0h\u00e2kimiyet var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bizim millet\u00a0meclisleri hareketlerinde ger\u00e7ekten serbest midirler? Bir\u00e7ok vazge\u00e7ilemez\u00a0ihtiya\u00e7lar vard\u0131r ki bu meclisler korkudan yana\u015fam\u0131yorlar bile. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biliyorlar\u00a0ki bir dinsizlik tufan\u0131 hemen kopar. Ka\u00e7 kere bu zavall\u0131 millet ve memleket\u00a0bu m\u00fcthi\u015f tufanlar\u0131n dalgalar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ezildi.<\/p>\n<p>Bu zihniyettir ki, kurtulu\u015fumuz i\u00e7in \u00e7are sayarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcesseseleri\u00a0ta esas\u0131ndan bozarak, asl\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek yaln\u0131z i\u015f g\u00f6remez de\u011fil, hatta\u00a0aksine hareket eyleyecek bir hale sokuyor; faydalanmak yerine zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u00a0O zaman sahte fikir adamlar\u0131m\u0131zdan mutaass\u0131p ve cahil gelenek\u00e7ilerimize\u00a0kadar herkes k\u0131nama dilini a\u00e7arak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kusurlar\u0131, aksi neticeleri hep\u00a0o m\u00fcesseselere y\u00fckl\u00fcyorlar. Bunlar anlam\u0131yorlar veya anlay\u0131p da itiraf etmek\u00a0istemiyorlar ki kabahat o m\u00fcesseselerde de\u011fildir, bizdedir; bizim dar\u00a0kafalar\u0131m\u0131zda,\u00a0k\u00f6r zihniyetimizdedir.<\/p>\n<p>Hayat\u0131n\u00a0ezici ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bask\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda birtak\u0131m tedbirlere ba\u015fvuruyorsak\u00a0da hi\u00e7bir\u00a0zaman bu tedbirleri sonuna kadar y\u00fcr\u00fctecek cesareti g\u00f6steremiyoruz.\u00a0Biz hepimiz\u00a0pekala duyuyor ve anl\u0131yoruz ki, ya\u015fatmak istedi\u011fimiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fin\u00a0bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcmleri,\u00a0bir\u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ya uygulanamaz veya uygulansa tamam\u0131yla\u00a0aksi neticeler verir. Mesela bug\u00fcn aram\u0131zda hi\u00e7bir kimse yoktur ki\u00a0ceza hususunda &#8220;g\u00f6ze-g\u00f6z&#8221;, &#8220;buruna-burun&#8221;\u00a0kaidesinin uygulanabilece\u011fini\u00a0iddia etsin. Bir h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n elinin\u00a0kesilmesine bug\u00fcn hangi vicdan raz\u0131 olur veya\u00a0hangi yarg\u0131\u00e7 h\u00fckmeder? Bir kimsenin\u00a0k\u0131z evlad\u0131 dururken miras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0baba taraf\u0131ndan akrabaya verilmesini bug\u00fcnk\u00fc um\u00fbm\u00ee\u00a0vicdan nas\u0131l tasvip\u00a0eder?\u00a0\u00c7ok kar\u0131l\u0131l\u0131ktan bug\u00fcn hemen herkes nefret etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Etraf\u0131m\u0131zda ba\u015fka esaslar, ba\u015fka metodlar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu etraf ise\u00a0bizi ezmekte, k\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bizim takip edece\u011fimiz iki yol vard\u0131r: Ya ezilmeye,\u00a0mahvolmaya raz\u0131 olmak, yahut ayn\u0131 esaslar\u0131 kabul etmek.<\/p>\n<p>Biz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte ikinci yolu tutuyoruz, ilhamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z halde, \u00e7areleri onun tamam\u0131yla z\u0131dd\u0131 ve muhalifi olan eski zihniyette ar\u0131yoruz. Bir tarafta Spencer, Durkheim ve Bergson, di\u011fer tarafta Ebu Yusuf ve Ebu Davud, bir tarafta bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sosyoloji ve felsefe, di\u011fer tarafta \u201cAhk\u00e2m-\u0131 Sultaniye\u201d ve \u201cAhl\u00e2k-\u0131 Nas\u0131riyye\u201d. Birle\u015ftirilmesi ve uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n<p>Evet, sayg\u0131 ve \u00f6vmeye lay\u0131k bir\u00e7ok emekler ve zahmetler sarf edildi. Fakat\u00a0gidilen yol dolamba\u00e7l\u0131, e\u011fri b\u00fc\u011fr\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in netice belirsiz kald\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 f\u0131kh\u0131n &#8220;cevaz&#8221;\u00a0kaidesine, di\u011ferleri de Ebu Yusuf&#8217; un &#8220;\u00f6rf nazariyesi&#8221;\u00a0ne sapland\u0131lar.\u00a0Orada uzla\u015fma \u00e7aresi arad\u0131lar. Fakat bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri meseleyi esasl\u0131 ve\u00a0etrafl\u0131 bir tarzda halledemedi. &#8220;Cevaz&#8221;\u00a0da tasarruf nazariyesini ileri s\u00fcrenler,\u00a0\u015feriat\u0131n gayet s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan mubah sahas\u0131na bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7makla beraber, hayat\u0131n\u00a0hemen\u00a0onda dokuzunu saran geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na dokunamad\u0131lar bile. O k\u0131s\u0131m yine\u00a0kapal\u0131 kal\u0131yor. &#8220;\u00d6rf nazariyesi&#8221;\u00a0ne gelince, bu nazariye de belirsizlikle doludur.\u00a0\u00d6rf nedir? \u0130yilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck telakk\u00eeleri mi? O halde elde bulunan\u0131 en m\u00fckemmel\u00a0saymak gerekmez mi? \u00d6rf nazariyesine taraftar olanlar sonuna kadar bu\u00a0nazariyeye sad\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015f olsalard\u0131, her \u00e7e\u015fit i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee\u00a0geli\u015fmeyi ink\u00e2r\u00a0etmeleri laz\u0131m\u00a0gelirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6rf, hi\u00e7bir zaman ve hi\u00e7bir surette kendi kendine de\u011fi\u015fmeyece\u011finden,\u00a0\u00f6rfe saplan\u0131p kalan cemiyetler donmu\u015f olurlar. Nitekim \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00a0aleminin\u00a0son be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ispat etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rf\u00e7\u00fcler nazariyelerinin\u00a0\u015fu yanl\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131n\u0131 pekala anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve bu endi\u015fe iledir ki bu nazariyeyi \u201cdahi\u201d\u00a0nazariyesiyle kuvvetlendirmeye \u00e7abal\u0131yorlar. \u201cferd\u00eeyet\u201di kald\u0131rarak\u00a0yerine bir \u00e7e\u015fit insani \u201ctanr\u0131l\u0131k\u201d koyuyorlar. \u00d6rf\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00fcya bu\u00a0kahramanlar m\u00fcjdelerler. Zaten dahi, m\u00e2\u015fer\u00ee\u00a0(toplulu\u011fa ait) vicdan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesinden\u00a0ibaret oldu\u011fundan, bu vicdanda gizli tarzda do\u011fan iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri kahramanlarda kendili\u011finden, fakat a\u00e7\u0131k bir surette belirir.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat bu kahramanlar kendileri nas\u0131l meydana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar? Madem ki bunlar\u00a0zaten var olmakla beraber hen\u00fcz gizli bulunan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin mahsul\u00fcd\u00fcrler\u00a0acaba bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin kendileri nas\u0131l oluyor?<\/p>\n<p>Bu nokta i\u015fte \u00f6rf nazariyecilerinin durdu\u011fu yerdir! Cevap yok! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ferd\u00eeyet\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan ve \u015fahs\u00ee\u00a0fikirlere ve \u00f6rfe uymayan ferd\u00ee\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere\u00a0hi\u00e7bir de\u011fer ve \u00f6nem verilmedi\u011finden, bunlar\u0131n etkisi tamam\u0131yla ink\u00e2r\u00a0olundu\u011fundan,\u00a0\u00f6rf\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7in bu soruya cevap vermek imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. Halbuki ger\u00e7ekte\u00a0siyas\u00ee, i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee, estetik, fikr\u00ee\u00a0geli\u015fmenin en etkili \u00e2mili yine ferttir. Her ne\u00a0kadar fertler i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 \u00e7evreden ilham al\u0131yorlar, fikir ve duygular\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00e2millerini ve elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 o \u00e7evrelerden sa\u011fl\u0131yorlarsa da, geli\u015fme tarihi\u00a0ve her g\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fc\u015fahedelerimiz ispat ediyor ki, bu hususta fertlerle \u00e7evreler aras\u0131nda\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir faaliyet ve etki vard\u0131r. \u00c7evre, ferde ne kadar ilham veriyorsa,\u00a0o nispette de fert \u00e7evre \u00fczerine etki yapmaktan geri kalm\u0131yor. Fert, \u00e7evreden\u00a0ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla geri veriyor. Zaten fert bu tepkiyi yapmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, kendisi\u00a0\u00e7evreye ilham vermeseydi ve \u00e7evreye kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z gramofon rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamakla\u00a0kalm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, bir\u00e7ok fertlerin bir araya gelmesinden ibaret olan cemiyette\u00a0hi\u00e7bir yenilik, hi\u00e7bir ilerleme olmazd\u0131. Cemiyetler, d\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6n\u00fcp bir nokta\u00a0\u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015f olurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu bak\u0131mdan da, \u00f6rf nazariyesinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gibi e\u011fri b\u00fc\u011fr\u00fc yollara sapman\u0131n\u00a0do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e2\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki\u00a0setleri kald\u0131rarak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc geli\u015fmemize uygun bir\u00a0yol a\u00e7abilmek i\u00e7in\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131k, esasl\u0131 ve geni\u015f prensiplere dayanmal\u0131y\u0131z. B\u00f6yle bir yola etraf\u0131 kollayarak,\u00a0herkesi memnun edecek idare-i maslahat zihniyetiyle girilemez. Art\u0131k\u00a0b\u0131\u00e7ak kemi\u011fe dayand\u0131, ya hayat ya \u00f6l\u00fcm yollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunuyoruz. Bunlardan\u00a0birisini se\u00e7meliyiz. \u00d6lmeye karar vermi\u015fsek, gene eskisi gibi, Ricardo\u00a0ve Adam Smith ile Nizam&#8217;\u00fcd-devle, J.J. Rousseau ve Spencer ile Nas\u0131r-\u0131\u00a0Tus\u00ee&#8217;ler aras\u0131nda karars\u0131z kalarak, bunlar\u0131 birbirine uydurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m, \u00f6lmemeye\u00a0karar vermi\u015fsek, bunlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ral\u0131m ve belli bir yol alarak\u00a0y\u00fcr\u00fcyelim.<\/p>\n<p>Hukuk, de\u011fi\u015fik olan hayat\u0131n\u00a0anlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekten ibarettir. Biz ya\u015famak\u00a0istiyorsak bu esas\u0131 kabul etmeliyiz. Fakat bunun i\u00e7in acaba dinimizi terk mi edece\u011fiz?<\/p>\n<p>Hay\u0131r!<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc din denilen \u015fey nedir acaba? Hukuki meseleler as\u0131l din\u00een konusu i\u00e7ine\u00a0girer mi?<\/p>\n<p>Din kul ile Allah&#8217;\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bir prensipler sisteminden ibarettir.\u00a0O halde dinin konusunu yaln\u0131z inan\u0131\u015flarla ibadetlere ait hususlar te\u015fkil eder.\u00a0Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her ne varsa, dine tesad\u00fcf\u00ee\u00a0olarak girmi\u015ftir. Din as\u0131l konusu olan\u00a0maddelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015feylerden bahsetmi\u015fse, s\u0131rf tesad\u00fcf olarak ve bir mecburiyet\u00a0dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat maksat o de\u011fildir. Ger\u00e7ek maksat inan\u0131\u015flarla\u00a0ibadetlerden ibarettir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10810\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10810\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10810\" src=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.-B\u00f6l\u011fm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.-B\u00f6l\u011fm.jpg 600w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.-B\u00f6l\u011fm-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/II.-B\u00f6l\u011fm-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dinin konusunu yaln\u0131z inan\u0131\u015flarla ibadetlere ait hususlar te\u015fkil eder.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><strong>\u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;te esas nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekten \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini ba\u015fka dinlerden ay\u0131ran \u015fey nedir? Acaba d\u00fcnya i\u015fleri hakk\u0131nda koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 kaideler midir? B\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer dinler ve hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer kanun yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da d\u00fcnya i\u015fleriyle me\u015fgul olmu\u015f, onlar hakk\u0131nda \u015fu veya bu, bazen birbirine uygun, bazen birbirinden farkl\u0131 kaideler koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Besbellidir ki \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;i ba\u015fka dinlerden, \u0130sl\u00e2mlar\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fcmmetlerden ay\u0131ran bunlar de\u011fildir. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;i di\u011fer dinlerden ay\u0131ran ve b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 bir noktada toplayan hususlar, dinin as\u0131l konusu olan inan\u00e7larla ibadetlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;in se\u00e7kin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, tanr\u0131 birli\u011fi ile yaradanla kul aras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen\u00a0ibadetlerden ibarettir. Burada \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerden, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00fcmmetlerden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00a0mezhepleri bu noktalar \u00fczerinde birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0Bu nokta o\u00a0kadar a\u00e7\u0131k,\u00a0o kadar yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir ki Kuran-\u0131 Kerim&#8217;de bu hususa\u00a0dair h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayetler yoktur. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;in ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne\u00a0kadar, Tanr\u0131 birli\u011fine ait ayetler aleyhine hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halbuki\u00a0d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait ne kadar h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayetler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Demek ki, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;te esas, inan\u00e7larla ibadetlerdir. Bunlar ebed\u00eedir, de\u011fi\u015fmez.\u00a0\u0130kinci derecede olan ise, d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait olan k\u0131s\u0131mlard\u0131r. Bunlar \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217;e\u00a0tesad\u00fcf\u00ee\u00a0olarak girmi\u015ftir. Zaten \u00f6nceden de\u00a0dedi\u011fimiz gibi, Hz. Peygamber\u00a0hicretten evvel vefat etmi\u015f bulunsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn elimizde yaln\u0131z inan\u00e7larla\u00a0ibadetler ve ahl\u00e2kla ilgili konular bulunacakt\u0131, d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait bir tek ayet\u00a0olmayacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00e7e\u015fit ayetlerin hepsi sonradan tesad\u00fcf\u00ee\u00a0olarak Hz. Muhammed&#8217;in Medine devrindeki faaliyeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yani hayat\u0131n\u00a0madd\u00ee\u00a0taraflar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0d\u00fczenlemek mecburiyetinde bulundu\u011fu zaman ve ihtiya\u00e7 olduk\u00e7a inmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Halbuki dinin esas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n birli\u011fine inanma ve bunun\u00a0etraf\u0131nda toplanan ahl\u00e2kla ilgili konular de\u011fi\u015fmeksizin devam edegelmi\u015ftir. Bu\u00a0hususa ait en ufak ihmal tasavvuru bile Hz. Peygamber&#8217; in en co\u015fkun itirazlar\u0131na\u00a0sebep oluyor. Kafirler, bir g\u00fcn Hz. Peygamber&#8217;e: &#8220;Sen bizim L\u00e2t ile Menat&#8217;\u0131m\u0131z\u0131\u00a0kabul\u00a0et, biz de senin Allah&#8217;\u0131n\u0131 kabul edelim&#8221;\u00a0diye teklifte bulundular.\u00a0Hz. Peygamber hemen:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;E\u011fer ay bir tarafta, g\u00fcne\u015f de \u00f6b\u00fcr tarafta durarak bana b\u00f6yle bir teklifte\u00a0bulunsalar yine kabul etmem&#8221;\u00a0dedi. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet&#8217; in ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden bu g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar\u00a0bu hususa ait esaslar ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, ayn\u0131 metanet ve kuvvetle korunmu\u015f ve\u00a0kimseye onlar hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir tasarruf yetkisi verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Halbuki d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait ka\u00e7 ayet h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Zaten &#8220;D\u00fcnya i\u015flerini\u00a0siz benden iyi biliyorsunuz&#8221;\u00a0diye emreden gene Hz. Peygamber de\u011fil midir?\u00a0Ve gene &#8220;Bir emirde \u015f\u00fcphe olursa akl\u0131n\u0131zla hallediniz&#8221;\u00a0diye buyuran o de\u011fil\u00a0midir?<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonra, &#8220;Nas ile gelenekler aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma olursa gelenek \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00a0tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r&#8221;\u00a0kaidesini koyan din b\u00fcy\u00fckleri de\u011fil midir? Bu kaidenin bahsetti\u011fi\u00a0nas hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur ki d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait nast\u0131r. Hz. \u00d6mer&#8217;in Mut&#8217;a (ge\u00e7ici\u00a0nikah) nikah\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Acaba o, inan\u00e7lara ait bir esasta,\u00a0ayn\u0131 tasarruf hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendinde g\u00f6rebilir miydi?<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ispat ediyor ki, dinimizde de\u011fi\u015fmez ve ebed\u00ee\u00a0olan\u00a0inan\u00e7larla ibadetlerdir. D\u00fcnya i\u015flerine ait olan kaideler ise tesad\u00fcf\u00eedir, zaman\u00a0ve mek\u00e2na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu husus kendimiz i\u00e7in \u00e7izece\u011fimiz prensibi tamam\u0131yla tespit etmi\u015ftir. O\u00a0d\u00fcstur \u015fundan ibarettir:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nan\u00e7lar ve ibadetlerde dine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz halde, d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinde tamam\u0131yla\u00a0serbestiz. D\u00fcnya i\u015flerinde istedi\u011fimiz gibi tasarruf edebiliriz. madd\u00ee\u00a0hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131\u00a0umumun menfaatini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, istedi\u011fimiz gibi, d\u00fczenlemek\u00a0hakk\u0131na sahibiz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kaideyi, bu um\u00fbm\u00ee\u00a0prensibi koyarak dinin mevzuunu a\u00e7\u0131k bir surette\u00a0ay\u0131r\u0131r ve\u00a0di\u011fer mevzularda kendimizi tamam\u0131yla serbest sayarsak, hem dinimizi\u00a0korumu\u015f ve\u00a0y\u00fckseltmi\u015f olur ve hem de bizi bir\u00e7ok y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri saran\u00a0fasit daireden kendimizi kurtar\u0131r ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla tek renk ve tek ruh olarak\u00a0y\u00fcr\u00fcyebiliriz. Aksi halde, bizim i\u00e7in kurtulu\u015f \u00e7aresi yoktur. Tekrar ediyoruz,\u00a0bug\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla, zaman\u0131m\u0131zla, \u00e7evremizle aram\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k,\u00a0bir \u00e7eli\u015fme meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Biz bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu tezad\u0131 kald\u0131rmaz ve aral\u0131ktaki\u00a0bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmazsak, zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u00a0i\u00e7inde garip ve yabanc\u0131 kal\u0131r\u00a0ve d\u00e2ima\u00a0onlar\u0131n esiri oluruz. Bir zamanlar bizimle \u00e7a\u011f ve \u00e7evre aras\u0131nda\u00a0bir ahenk ve denge vard\u0131. Etraf\u0131m\u0131zda ya\u015fayan milletlerin dinleri de d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine\u00a0kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ayn\u0131 zihniyeti onlara a\u015f\u0131lard\u0131. Fakat bug\u00fcn onlar dinlerini hak\u00eek\u00ee\u00a0sahalar\u0131na daha \u00f6nce\u00a0g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. D\u00fcnyaya ait i\u015flerini\u00a0d\u00fczenleme hususunda tam serbest\u00ee\u00a0kazand\u0131lar. Gene yukar\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00a0\u00fczere, bundan dolay\u0131 onlar\u0131n dinlerine ne zaaf geldi ve ne de gev\u015feklik. Aksine\u00a0olarak, din \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ruhuyla uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, gittik\u00e7e kuvvet kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Cemiyetler ise g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne ilerleyerek ve y\u00fckselerek bizi \u00e7ok geride b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.\u00a0Onlara yeti\u015febilmek i\u00e7in biz de ayn\u0131 suretle hareket etmek mecburiyetindeyiz.\u00a0Etmezsek hem kendimiz, hem de dinimiz mahvolacakt\u0131r. Nitekim \u015fimdiye\u00a0kadar\u00a0b\u00f6yle olagelmektedir. Kurtulu\u015f yaln\u0131z d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde\u00a0tam serbest\u00ee\u00a0kazanmam\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cemiyetler g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne ilerleyerek ve y\u00fckselerek bizi \u00e7ok geride b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.\u00a0Onlara yeti\u015febilmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l hareket etmek mecburiyetindeyiz.\u00a0Etmezsek dinimizi ve toplumsal hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ne bekleyecektir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[61,62,2],"tags":[1412,718,1390,1411,428,1413],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.0.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00dc\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00dc\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cemiyetler g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne ilerleyerek ve y\u00fckselerek bizi \u00e7ok geride b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.\u00a0Onlara yeti\u015febilmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l hareket etmek mecburiyetindeyiz.\u00a0Etmezsek dinimizi ve toplumsal hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ne bekleyecektir?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-09T16:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-07T10:24:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/PHUZEdV.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"21 dakika\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mdmLogo-yazisiz.jpg\",\"width\":422,\"height\":422,\"caption\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"name\":\"M\\u0130SAK- Mill\\u00ee Strateji Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Kurulu\",\"description\":\"D\\u00fcnyaya T\\u00fcrk\\u00e7\\u00fc Bak\\u0131\\u015f\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/PHUZEdV.jpeg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":700},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\",\"name\":\"\\u00dc\\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din - M\\u0130SAK- Mill\\u00ee Strateji Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Kurulu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-09T16:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-07T10:24:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"item\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"name\":\"Anasayfa\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"item\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/\",\"name\":\"\\u00dc\\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce405000a2c62211e5997aa871b1d93\"},\"headline\":\"\\u00dc\\u00e7 medeniyet: Bilim, felsefe ve din\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-09T16:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-07T10:24:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#webpage\"},\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"keywords\":\"Ahlak,Avrupa,Hristiyanl\\u0131k,\\u0130slamiyet,Kilise,\\u00d6rf Nazariyesi\",\"articleSection\":\"D\\u0130N,E\\u011e\\u0130T\\u0130M-K\\u00dcLT\\u00dcR\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/uc-medeniyet-din-2\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#\/schema\/person\/9ce405000a2c62211e5997aa871b1d93\",\"name\":\"M\\u0130SAK Edit\\u00f6r\\u00fc\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f2b86778d5b968dcd1ecf223ac7e8366?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"M\\u0130SAK Edit\\u00f6r\\u00fc\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10807"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10807"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10862,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10807\/revisions\/10862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}