{"id":11487,"date":"2020-09-29T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=11487&preview=true&preview_id=11487"},"modified":"2020-09-25T14:20:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T11:20:57","slug":"koronavirusu-bulastirmak-suc-mudur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/koronavirusu-bulastirmak-suc-mudur\/","title":{"rendered":"Korona vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131rmak su\u00e7 mudur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyayla birlikte \u00fclkemizde de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00c7in\u2019in Wuhan \u015fehrinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc salg\u0131n\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fccadele verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n hangi tarihte kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 etkin bir tedavi geli\u015ftirilip geli\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi dahi me\u00e7huld\u00fcr. Buna ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 ve \u00fclkemizde sosyal izolasyon, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l, soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok ciddi tedbirler uygulanarak Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131na mani olmaya gayret edilmektedir. Vir\u00fcs ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren 4-5 ay ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6yle etkili olmu\u015ftur ki insanl\u0131k tarihinin, salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmenin hi\u00e7 de abart\u0131 say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz.<\/p>\n

Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ve tedavi i\u00e7in de bir ilac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 onu gayet tehlikeli bir hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ceza hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da su\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilecek fiillerin nesnesi haline geldi\u011fi kanaatindeyiz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir olay esas\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Umre\u2019den d\u00f6nen vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z bir yurtta karantina alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sa m\u00fcddet sonra karantina b\u00f6lgesini terk etmek isteyen vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015f, umreden d\u00f6nen karantinadaki vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z ile g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda arbede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu arbede esnas\u0131nda bir vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan polis memurunun surat\u0131na t\u00fck\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve \u201cBen hastaysam sen de hasta ol!\u201d demi\u015ftir[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu fiil esas\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n konusu olabilecek bir harekettir. Zira bu vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z bilerek ve isteyerek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakine zarar vermek \u00fczere bir hareket ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bunun neticesinde o polis memuru vir\u00fcs\u00fc kapsa ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak vefat etse ya da v\u00fccudunda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k kalsa vir\u00fcs\u00fc kasten polis memuruna bula\u015ft\u0131ran vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n cezai sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011facak m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yine ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi M\u00fcnir Karalo\u011flu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada: “Pozitif olan bir vatanda\u015f\u0131n bilerek ve isteyerek\u00a0 izolasyonu terk edip soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ‘taksirle adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme’ su\u00e7udur.\u201d demi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7er\u00e7eveyi sadece bu olaylara indirgememek de gereklidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin vir\u00fcs\u00fc kapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmayan kimse bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rsa ya da ki\u015fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc kapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmesine ra\u011fmen gerekli tedbirleri almadan ba\u015fkas\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rsa ceza hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan durumun ne olaca\u011f\u0131 elbette ki merak konusudur.<\/p>\n

Kasten ya da taksirle ba\u015fkas\u0131na Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n cezai bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemeden \u00f6nce bir hususun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmekte fayda var. O da vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bula\u015fmas\u0131 meselesinin kesin farz edilmesi. \u015e\u00f6yle ki maddi olarak vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u015fikayet edilen ki\u015fiden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Zira g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z esnas\u0131nda bu vir\u00fcs\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131z bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131dan kapma ihtimalimiz bulunmaktad\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z izahlarda Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015fide \u015f\u00fcphe olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farz etmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

TCK\u2019n\u0131n hangi su\u00e7 tiplerine uyar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu yaralama ile ilgili maddeleri \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201cKasten yaralama<\/em><\/p>\n

Madde 86- (1) Kasten ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccuduna ac\u0131 veren veya sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da alg\u0131lama yetene\u011finin bozulmas\u0131na neden olan ki\u015fi, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Olay\u0131 madde metnine uyarlarsak bir ba\u015fka ki\u015fiye kasten bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kasten yaralama su\u00e7unun olu\u015fabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Zira Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc yukar\u0131daki kanun maddesinde tasvir edilen neticeleri sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun haricinde ba\u015fkas\u0131na kasten Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131rma fiilinin neticesi sebebiyle, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f kasten yaralama su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 da gayet m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[3]<\/a> Neticesi sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f su\u00e7lar, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 23. maddesinde kastedilenden daha a\u011f\u0131r veya ba\u015fka bir neticenin olu\u015fumuna sebebiyet veren fiiller \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Yani vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bula\u015fmas\u0131 neticesinde \u00f6rne\u011fin akci\u011ferlerde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k meydana gelmesi halinde neticesi sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir kasten yaralama su\u00e7unun olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz. Zira bu durumda T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 87. Maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen neticesi sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yaralama su\u00e7unun 1-a bendinde belirtilen ki\u015finin duyular\u0131ndan veya organlar\u0131ndan birinin i\u015flevinin s\u00fcrekli zay\u0131flamas\u0131na \u015feklindeki su\u00e7un olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

Taksirle bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eder mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kas\u0131t haricinde taksirle de bu su\u00e7un i\u015flenebilece\u011fi kanaatindeyiz. Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011funu bilmesine ra\u011fmen ba\u015fkas\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri almayan birisinin vir\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015fkas\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rma kast\u0131 olmasa dahi cezai sorumlulu\u011funun olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz. Bu durumda elbette ki vir\u00fcs\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131ran enfekte ki\u015finin, bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin hasta olmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da \u00f6lmesini isteme kast\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bunun yerine ki\u015finin gerekli dikkat ve \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermemesi neticesinde su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n kanundaki tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n neticesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Buraya kadar yaralama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kasten ya da taksirle bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunu ele ald\u0131k. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir de \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek kast\u0131yla bula\u015ft\u0131rma hali de s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Genel bilgilerimiz \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tek ba\u015f\u0131na ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmedi\u011fi, ki\u015finin ba\u015fka bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, 65 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl etkisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl etkinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu bilgilere k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede toplumun tamam\u0131 v\u00e2k\u0131f olmu\u015ftur. \u015eu h\u00e2lde \u00f6ld\u00fcrme kast\u0131yla da ba\u015fkas\u0131na vir\u00fcs bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, bu durumda ise adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unun olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz.<\/p>\n

Buradan sonra Ozan Ercan Ta\u015fk\u0131n\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcracaat etti\u011fimiz makalesindeki[4]<\/a> A\u0130DS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r \u015fema ile ba\u015fkas\u0131na kasten veya taksirle Korona Vir\u00fcs\u00fc bula\u015ft\u0131rma fiilinin ceza hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumluluk durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek istiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Ceza hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlulu\u011fun kabul edilememesi i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n