{"id":11491,"date":"2020-09-28T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=11491&preview=true&preview_id=11491"},"modified":"2020-10-05T13:14:27","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T10:14:27","slug":"difai-teskilati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/difai-teskilati\/","title":{"rendered":"Difai Te\u015fkilat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1918 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131nda Bak\u00fc\u2019de Ermeniler 30 bin civar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131 katletmi\u015flerdi. \u00c7o\u011funun cesetleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cinayetin izinin kaybolmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ermeniler, cesetleri ate\u015fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f evlere, denize ve kuyulara atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar Bak\u00fc, Ermenilerin eline ge\u00e7ti. Ermenilerin bu harek\u00e2t\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 \u00fclkenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zenginliklerinden faydalanmak, Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc yerli ahaliden temizlemek, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n bu \u015fehrini Ermenistan topra\u011f\u0131 ilan etmek idi.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k arzusuyla faaliyetlerin siyasi havaya b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi ile birlikte Difai*<\/a> gibi milli uyan\u0131\u015flar ba\u015flayacakt\u0131. Bu mill\u00ee uyan\u0131\u015ftan \u00f6nce de farkl\u0131 yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Mill\u00ee direni\u015f kendisini yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 yoluyla g\u00f6steriyor, dergideki yazarlar ise bu yolla halka ula\u015farak siyasi yolda ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mehmedzade Mirza Bala ve H\u00fcseyin Baykara, Difai\u2019nin, Bak\u00fc\u2019de Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funu belirtmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, Naki Keykurun hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda; Difai\u2019nin, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun Gence\u2019ye gelmesi ve burada \u015fehrin \u00f6nde gelen milletperverleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131lar esnas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmektedir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaspi Gazetesi\u2019nde Ahmet Bey (A\u011fao\u011flu) \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn bu toplum yaln\u0131z bir toplum olmay\u0131p ayni zamanda etnik bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn Rusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 pek az bir istisna ile T\u00fcrk- Tatar \u0131rk\u0131na mensupturlar bir tek genel dil konu\u015fuyorlar ve ayn\u0131 dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorlar.\u201d[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

A\u011fao\u011flu milliyet\u00e7ilik ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fckle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u0130stanbul\u2019da T\u00fcrk Yurdu Dergisinde ve bir\u00e7ok yay\u0131n organ\u0131nda ifade etmi\u015fti. Bu ifadeler A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck faaliyetlerine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rus y\u00f6netimi,\u00a0 her zamanki gibi Ermenilerin taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131. G\u00fcvenlik ad\u0131na, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan av t\u00fcfeklerini bile toplarken, Ermenilerin a\u011f\u0131r silahlarla silahlanmalar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade ediyordu. Ordubadi, \u201cBu sava\u015fta M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar b\u0131\u00e7ak ve han\u00e7er, Ermeniler ise t\u00fcfek kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Parti ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, Ermenilerin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliamlar\u0131 \u201c3-5 Ermeni\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f hareketi olarak de\u011fil, arkas\u0131na Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin deste\u011fini ve strateji, plana sahip Ta\u015fnaks\u00fctyun\u2019un planl\u0131 i\u015fi\u201d<\/em> olarak de\u011ferlendirip Difai Te\u015fkilat\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekmekteydi.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cDifai\u201d \u00fcyelerinin g\u00f6revi, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetince yap\u0131lan y\u0131ld\u0131rma sonucunda sona erse de bu g\u00f6rev, bir anlamda Azerbaycan halk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmi\u015fti. Halk kendili\u011finden Rus idaresini tasfiye ediyordu. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201cDifai Gen\u00e7lik Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeniden faaliyet g\u00f6sterecek \u201cDifai Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan Nesip Bey, daha sonra kurulacak \u201cMilli Komite\u201dde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yaparak Gence\u2019de Rus ordusunun silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve Azerbaycan halk\u0131na silah temininde \u00f6nemli rol oynayacakt\u0131r.[6]<\/a> Bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni-T\u00fcrk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00a0ulus bilincinin ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin geli\u015fmesinde olumlu rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde Dif\u00e2i F\u0131rkas\u0131, gizlice bildiriler bast\u0131r\u0131p, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor ve bu bildirilerde T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011funu dile getiriyordu. Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 bildirilerde Ermeniler de T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyar\u0131l\u0131yor, aksi takdirde yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde cevapland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ikaz\u0131nda bulunuluyordu.[7]<\/a>\u00a0 B\u00f6ylece Ermenilere ve Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir tutum sergileyenlere g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 verilmek isteniyordu. Hatta g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 vermekle kalmam\u0131\u015flar, Rus y\u00f6neticilere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131larda kurbanlar\u0131n geli\u015fig\u00fczel se\u00e7ilmedi\u011fini, \u00f6zellikle Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ki\u015filerin tercih edildi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015f, amac\u0131n \u201cRuslar\u0131n tarafs\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015flerdir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Difai amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in e\u011fitime, \u00f6zellikle de askeri e\u011fitime \u00f6nem vermekteydi. \u00d6rg\u00fct, mill\u00ee okullar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan askeri-sava\u015f birliklerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 ilk ama\u00e7 olarak belirlemi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a> Difai\u2019nin amac\u0131na giden yoldaki ilk basamak e\u011fitimdir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, partinin sadece Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir yap\u0131y\u0131 da benimsedi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu Rus bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gizli de olsa faaliyetlerine devam etmi\u015ftir. Difai, sava\u015f partisi ilan edilerek 1909\u2019da kapat\u0131ld\u0131. A\u011fao\u011flu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Te\u015fkilat\u0131n bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6neticisi s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. [10]<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca Milli Azerbaycan Ordusunun \u00e7ekirde\u011fini Dif\u00e2i F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuvvetlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[11]<\/a> Difai Te\u015fkilat\u0131, M\u00fcsavat Partisi\u2019nin ve di\u011fer kurulacak mill\u00ee partilerin temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Difai, sadece partilerin temelini de\u011fil Azerbaycan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin milletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine ge\u00e7i\u015fini de sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cFedai\u201d cemiyetinin faaliyeti, Ermenilerin T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 mezalimi, fiili mukavemetlerle bir derece durdurabilmi\u015ftir.\u201d[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Ebulfez S\u00fcleymanl\u0131, Milletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri<\/em>, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2006.<\/li>\n
  2. Cengiz Atl\u0131, \u201cAzerbaycan Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ermenilerin 1918-1920\u2019 de Kars, Erivan ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Ermeni Mezalimi\u201d, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019 nde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti-Azerbaycan \u0130li\u015fkileri ve Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu Uluslararas\u0131 Sempozyumu 13-16 Eyl\u00fcl 2018<\/em> \u2013 Bak\u00fc \/ Azerbaycan, Ankara 2018.<\/li>\n
  3. Ayg\u00fcn Attar- Sebahattin \u015eim\u015fir, Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri<\/em>, Berikan Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara 2013.<\/li>\n
  4. Bet\u00fcl Aslan, D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Esnas\u0131nda “Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019 nin\u201d Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri\u2019 ne “Karda\u015f K\u00f6megt (Yard\u0131m\u0131)” ve Bak\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi<\/em>, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2000.<\/li>\n
  5. Zafer Atar-Kurtulu\u015f Demirkol, \u201cAzerbaycan\u2019da Rus \u2013 Ermeni \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Dif\u00e2i F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, Karadeniz Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi<\/em>, Bahar 2015, S:45, s.167-180.<\/li>\n
  6. Orhan Zaidov, \u201cErmenilerin Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Mezalimin Vah\u015fet Boyutu (Mehmet Said Ordubadi ve Mir M\u00f6hs\u00fcn Nevvab\u2019 \u0131n Eserleri \u00dczerine Notlar, 1905-1906)\u201d, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities<\/em>, s. 25-37.<\/li>\n
  7. H\u00fcseyin Baykara, Azerbaycan \u0130stiklal M\u00fccadelesi Tarihi<\/em>, Azerbaycan Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1975.<\/li>\n
  8. \u0130brahim Suslu, Azerbaycan Siyasi Tarihinde Nesip Bey Yusufbeyli (1881-1920)<\/em>, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130stanbul 2012.<\/li>\n
  9. Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, Milli Azerbaycan Hareketi<\/em>, Hz. Ahmet Karaca, Azerbaycan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1991.<\/li>\n
  10. Tahir S\u00fcnb\u00fcl, Azerbaycan\u2019 \u0131n Siyasi Partileri (1905\u2019ten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze), Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, Doktora Tezi, Ankara 1996.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [1]<\/a> Cengiz Atl\u0131, \u201cAzerbaycan Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ermenilerin 1918-1920\u2019 de Kars, Erivan ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Ermeni Mezalimi\u201d, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019 nde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti-Azerbaycan \u0130li\u015fkileri ve Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu Uluslararas\u0131 Sempozyumu 13-16 Eyl\u00fcl 2018 \u2013 Bak\u00fc \/ Azerbaycan, Ankara 2018, s.32.<\/p>\n

    *<\/a> Difai\u2019 nin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cDef Edici\u201ddir. Te\u015fkilat\u0131n, amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir isimle faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri sonucu Azerbaycan\u2019 da istenilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in temeller at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Bet\u00fcl Aslan, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Esnas\u0131nda \u201cAzerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019 nin\u201d Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri\u2019 ne \u201cKarda\u015f K\u00f6megt (Yard\u0131m\u0131)\u201d ve Bak\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi<\/em>, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2000, s.33-34.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> H\u00fcseyin Baykara, Azerbaycan \u0130stiklal M\u00fccadelesi Tarihi<\/em>, Azerbaycan Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1975, s.123.<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Orhan Zaidov, \u201cErmenilerin Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Mezalimin Vah\u015fet Boyutu (Mehmet Said Ordubadi Ve Mir M\u00f6hs\u00fcn Nevvab\u2019\u0131n Eserleri \u00dczerine Notlar, 1905-1906)\u201d, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities<\/em>, s. 25-37.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Ayg\u00fcn Attar, \u201cMilli Kimli\u011fin Siyasalla\u015fan Y\u00fcz\u00fc: Dif\u00e2\u00ee\u201d, Belleten<\/em>, Ankara 2008, s.177-191.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> \u0130brahim Suslu, Azerbaycan Siyasi Tarihinde Nesip Bey Yusufbeyli (1881-1920), Marmara \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, <\/em>\u0130stanbul 2012, s.79.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Zafer Atar-Kurtulu\u015f Demirkol, \u201cAzerbaycan\u2019da Rus \u2013 Ermeni \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Dif\u00e2i F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, Karadeniz Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi<\/em>, Bahar 2015, S:45, s.167-180.<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> Demirkol \u201ca.g.m.\u201d, s.167-180.<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> Ebulfez S\u00fcleymanl\u0131, Milletle\u015fme S\u00fcrecinde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri<\/em>, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2006, s.114.<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> Tahir S\u00fcnb\u00fcl, Azerbaycan\u2019 \u0131n Siyasi Partileri (1905\u2019ten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze), Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, Doktora Tezi, Ankara 1996.<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> Zafer Atar-Kurtulu\u015f Demirkol, \u201ca.g.m.\u201d, s.167-180.<\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, Milli Azerbaycan Hareketi<\/em>, Hz. Ahmet Karaca, Azerbaycan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1991, s.33.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Azerbaycan\u2019da 1918 sonras\u0131 Ermeniler ile ciddi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar meydana gelmi\u015fti. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu T\u00fcrkler farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle kendilerini savunma i\u015fine giri\u015ftiler. Baz\u0131 siyasi yap\u0131lanmalara ra\u011fmen ilk kabul edilebilecek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 parti Difai idi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":154,"featured_media":11543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66],"tags":[54,1522,833],"coauthors":[1519],"class_list":["post-11491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","tag-azerbaycan","tag-difai-teskilati","tag-ermeni-mezalimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11491"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11521,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11491\/revisions\/11521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11491"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=11491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}