{"id":12027,"date":"2020-12-24T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=12027&preview=true&preview_id=12027"},"modified":"2020-12-23T20:33:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T17:33:35","slug":"karabag-kurtulus-savaslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/karabag-kurtulus-savaslari\/","title":{"rendered":"Karaba\u011f kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131, T\u00fcrk Yurdu dergisinin 399. say\u0131s\u0131ndan iktibast\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Azerbaycan, tarih\u00ee g\u00fcnlerini ya\u015f\u0131yor; ezel\u00ee ve ebed\u00ee topra\u011f\u0131 olan Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgalden kurtarmak i\u00e7in vatan sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Azerbaycan Ordusu durmadan hedefe do\u011fru ilerlemektedir. Hayat\u00ee meselesi olan toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerle asker can\u0131n\u0131 feda etmi\u015ftir. Binlerce gen\u00e7 vatan\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak ordu sa\ufb02ar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan \u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00fc, \u00a0mill\u00ee \u00a0iradesini \u00a014 \u00a0Temmuz 2020\u2019de ortaya koydu. \u015e\u0131mar\u0131k ve sald\u0131rgan Ermenilerin i\u015fgaline \u201cyeter art\u0131k!\u201d dedi. Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pa\u015finyan\u2019\u0131n son aylardaki k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 tavr\u0131 art\u0131k sab\u0131rlar\u0131 t\u00fcketti. \u00a0Ermenistan \u00a0lideri, \u00a0\u201cAzerbaycan \u00a0gibi \u00a0korkak halk yok.\u201d demek aptall\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar abartt\u0131. E\u015fini asker \u00a0k\u0131yafetiyle, \u00a0elinde \u00a0Kala\u015fnikov \u00a0t\u00fcfe\u011fi \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019da poz verme\u011fe g\u00f6nderdi. Kendisi de \u00e7evresiyle birlikte \u015eu\u015fa\u2019da halay \u00e7ekti. 12- 15 Temmuz\u2019da Tovuz b\u00f6lgesindeki asker\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131, General Polat He\u015fimov ve kurmaylar\u0131n\u0131n, cephe arkas\u0131nda roketle katli barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Karantina uygulamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Azerbaycan\u2019da y\u00fczbinlerce insan sokaklara \u00e7\u0131karak \u201cbize silah verin!\u201d diye hayk\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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27 \u00a0Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de, \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0Cumhuriyeti \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fck\u00fbnetini bozup Ermenistan taraf\u0131ndan \u00a0gelen \u00a0yeni \u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131ya \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 \u00a0koymaya \u00a0karar verdi. Bu, \u00e7oktand\u0131r beklenen siyasi iradenin ifadesi idi. Devlet \u00a0taraf\u0131ndan \u00a0iradesine \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00a0g\u00f6ren \u00a0halk, \u00a0her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Bu, on y\u0131llard\u0131r hasretle beklenen millet-devlet birli\u011finin ifadesi oldu.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan, milleti ve devletiyle anlad\u0131 ve anlatt\u0131 ki Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131ndan vaz ge\u00e7meyecek. Milletin ve devletin elini kolunu ba\u011flayan bu prangadan kurtulman\u0131n tam \u00a0zaman\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a026 \u00a0y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00a0s\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00a0gelen \u00a0\u201cate\u015fkes \u00a0rejimi\u201d denilen rezaletten bir defal\u0131k kurtulmak gerekir. Minsk Grubu e\u015f ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n (Rusya, ABD, Fransa) \u201cErmenistan-Azerbaycan, \u00a0Da\u011fl\u0131k \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0kon\ufb02ikti\/ m\u00fcnaka\u015fas\u0131\u201d dedi\u011fi sa\u00e7ma tan\u0131mlamadan kurtulmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Karaba\u011f problemi, T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n da en hassas problemlerinden \u00a0birine, \u00a0T\u00fcrk \u00a0d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran engellerden birine, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1989\u2019da, Ermeni sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ideologlar\u0131 Balayan ve \u00a0Grigoryan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0brifinglerini \u00a0d\u00fczenledi. \u00a0Azerbaycan bas\u0131n\u0131na s\u0131zan bilgilere g\u00f6re, bu adamlar \u201cKaraba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Ermeniler \u00a0taraf\u0131ndan \u00a0al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00a0Turan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0kurulmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran bir hareket\u201d olarak lanse etmi\u015flerdi.(1) T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi\u2019nden, cinin i\u011fneden korktu\u011fu gibi korkan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\/ Rusya y\u00f6neticileri de Ermeni sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda durdular.<\/p>\n

Karaba\u011f \u00a0problemi, \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0ve \u00a0T\u00fcrk \u00a0d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n problemi olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n da ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu problem, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Karaba\u011f istikametinde \u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00a0ge\u00e7en \u00a030 \u00a0y\u0131ldan \u00a0fazla zaman \u00a0i\u00e7inde,\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp \u00a0uluslararas\u0131 \u00a0nitelik \u00a0kazand\u0131. BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi, Ermeni asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Karaba\u011f\u2019dan derhal \u00e7ekilmesini i\u00e7eren 4 karar (822, 853, 874, \u00a0884) \u00a0\u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u00a0Sonra \u00a0meseleyi \u00a01992\u2019de \u00a0AG\u0130K\u2019e devretti. O da 13 \u00fcyeden ibaret Minsk Grubu denilen bir ad hoc <\/em>komite kurdu. Son 30 y\u0131l\u0131n kanl\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 problemlerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen, Karaba\u011f d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 da rahatlatacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

27 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den itibaren, haftalardan beri aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam eden Karaba\u011f sava\u015f\u0131 ilk de\u011fildir. Tam da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki sava\u015f\u0131 daha iyi anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in \u00f6ncekileri hi\u00e7 olmazsa \u00f6zetlememiz gerekir.<\/p>\n

Birinci Karaba\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7arl\u0131k\u2019tan \u00a0miras \u00a0kalan \u00a0s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n, \u00a0yerle\u015fik \u00a0halk\u0131n etnik yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olmamas\u0131, G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da yeni\u00a0 \u00a0kurulan\u00a0 \u00a0G\u00fcrcistan\u00a0 \u00a0(26.5.1918),\u00a0 \u00a0Azerbaycan (28.5.1918) ve Ermenistan (28.5.1918) devletleri aras\u0131nda \u00a0meydana \u00a0gelen \u00a0arazi \u00a0ve \u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r \u00a0problemlerini olu\u015fturdu. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, \u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0ilk g\u00fcnlerinde, \u00a0G\u00fcrcistan \u00a0Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne \u00a0oldu\u011fu \u00a0gibi Ermenistan\u2019a da ba\u015fvuruda bulunarak s\u0131n\u0131r meselesinde karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve iyi kom\u015fuluk m\u00fcnasebetleri kurmak amac\u0131yla, cumhuriyetlerin arazisini ilan etmeden \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 tara\ufb02\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu meselenin \u00a0m\u00fczakere \u00a0edilerek \u00a0mutabakata \u00a0varmay\u0131 teklif \u00a0etti. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin \u00a0i\u00e7 \u00a0sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, Ermenistan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti f\u0131rsattan istifade ederek b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc ile eski \u0130revan Guberniyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131,\u00a0yerli \u00a0gayri-Ermenilerden \u00a0temizlemek i\u015fini \u00a0s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte \u00a0idi. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0Cumhuriyeti \u00a0D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri \u00a0Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00a0raporuna \u00a0g\u00f6re;\u00a0etnik \u00a0temizleme s\u00fcrecinde,\u00a01918\u2019in \u00a0ilk \u00a0aylar\u0131nda \u00a0da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00a0300 \u00a0T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u0130revan, Yeni Beyazid, E\u00e7miadzin, S\u00fcrmeli vb. b\u00f6lgelerde yerle bir olan onlarla yeni k\u00f6y eklendi ya da ahali ba\u015fka yerlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma\u011fa zorland\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk iki haftas\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgelerde 50 k\u00f6y da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.(2)<\/p>\n

1918\u2019\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Ermenistan \u00e7ok zor ekonomik ve \u00a0siyasi \u00a0\u015fartlar \u00a0ya\u015famas\u0131na \u00a0ra\u011fmen, \u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00a0toprak iddialar\u0131nda bulundu. Ermeni H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanacak uluslararas\u0131 konferansa yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsilci heyete, b\u00fcy\u00fck arazi iddialar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmek talimat\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Konferansa kat\u0131lmak arzusuyla \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen Kafkasya heyetlerinden en \u201chaz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131s\u0131\u201d \u00a0Ermeniler idi. Onlar konferansa \u00e7ok say\u0131da istatiksel materyal, kendilerinin \u00e7izdi\u011fi haritalar ve \u00f6nerilerle gelmi\u015flerdi. Ermeni heyetinin \u00f6nerisi; S\u00fcrmeli, Nah\u00e7\u0131van, Ahalkelek, E\u00e7miedzin (\u00dc\u00e7kilse), \u0130revan, Kazah, Karaba\u011f, Zengezur, Ordubad ve Bor\u00e7al\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini i\u00e7eriyordu. Ermeniler s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri geni\u015f propaganda kampanyas\u0131nda \u201ctarih\u00ee prensipten\u201d istifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; kamuoyunu, ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131, bu topraklar\u0131n \u00f6nceden Ermenilere ait oldu\u011funa inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. D\u00f6nemin, ayn\u0131 zamanda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n istatiksel materyalleri Ermeni iddialar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131k s\u0131k m\u00fcracaat ettikleri \u201cdemogra\ufb01k prensibin\u201d de as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu.(3)<\/p>\n

Artan \u00a0Ermeni \u00a0propagandalar\u0131na \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 \u00a0m\u00fccadele \u00a0etmek, \u00a0Ermenilerin \u00a0Kafkasya\u2019da \u00a0T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmeye devam etmek iste\u011fini d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde if\u015fa etmek, Ermeni unsurunun bu b\u00f6lgede kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne sermek i\u00e7in D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ile Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n 15\u2019inde, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Naz\u0131rlar \u015euras\u0131, Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Soru\u015fturma Komisyonunun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 konusunda karar verdi. Komisyon \u00e7ok faal bir \u015fekilde i\u015fe koyuldu. Mart 1918 katliamlar, \u015eamah\u0131\u2019daki vah\u015filikler, \u0130revan Guberniyas\u0131\u2019nda Ermenilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vah\u015fet ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Soru\u015fturma komisyonunun verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n, yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f katliamlar\u0131n boyutu, komisyonun kendi i\u015fini tamamlamaya izin vermedi. Mevcut oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre boyunca (27 Nisan 1920\u2019ye kadar) \u00a0komisyonun \u00a0toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0soru\u015fturma \u00a0materyalleri, Ermeni iddialar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren, Ermenilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cinayetleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kartan en g\u00fczel tarih\u00ee belgelerdir. Daha sonra Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Soru\u015fturma Komisyonunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klamak \u00a0i\u00e7in \u00a0D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri \u00a0Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00a0\u00f6zel \u00a0propaganda b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kuruldu. Ama\u00e7 Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilecek, Avrupa kamuoyuna y\u00f6nelik, Azerbaycan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olacak materyallerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve duyurulmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Hocal\u0131 Katliam\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Ermeniler, \u00a0Mondros \u00a0M\u00fctarekesi \u00a0(30 \u00a0Ekim \u00a01918) ve \u0130tilaf devletlerinin sava\u015ftan galip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fenlikler \u00a0d\u00fczenleyerek \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. \u00a0Osmanl\u0131-Alman \u00a0asker\u00ee birliklerin Kafkaslardan \u00e7ekilmesi ve yerlerine \u0130tilaf devletleri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yerle\u015ftirilmesi, Ermenilere g\u00f6re on y\u0131llarca arzulad\u0131klar\u0131 amaca ula\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun ortam \u00a0olu\u015fturuyordu. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin yak\u0131n \u00a0m\u00fcttefiki \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 \u00a0\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun, \u00a0sava\u015fta yenilmesi Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Azerbaycan\u2019la olan ili\u015fkisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Ermenilerin toprak iddialar\u0131n\u0131n boyutu hayli geni\u015fledi ve \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d kurma fikri, Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin, resm\u00ee devlet siyasetinin temelini olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin tepkisinden korkan Ermeniler, \u0130stanbul Konferans\u0131\u2019nda e\u011fer yaln\u0131z Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n kendine ait olmayan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00a0(Bor\u00e7al\u0131, \u00a0Karaba\u011f, \u00a0Nah\u00e7\u0131van, \u00a0\u015eerur, \u00a0S\u00fcrmeli, Kazah, Ah\u0131lkelek) tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 arazi sayarken art\u0131k bu topraklar,\u00a0Ermenilere \u00a0g\u00f6re \u00a0ku\u015fkusuz \u00a0Ermenistan arazisiydi. Bundan b\u00f6yle di\u011fer fikirleri duymak bile istemiyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015f bununla bitmiyor, Ermeni iddialar\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131 geni\u015fliyordu.<\/p>\n

Yusuf Vezir \u00c7emenzeminli, Ermenistan ve Biz <\/em>adl\u0131 makalesinde, Ermeni iddialar\u0131n\u0131n durmadan artmas\u0131n\u0131 kaydederek Azerbaycan <\/em>gazetesinde konuyu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan haritas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, \u00fc\u00e7 deniz aras\u0131nda yer alacakm\u0131\u015f: Akdeniz, Karadeniz ve Hazar \u00a0Denizi \u00a0aras\u0131nda. \u00a0Haritada \u00a0Gence, \u00a0Lenkeran, Salyan, Tebriz, Mera\u011fa ve di\u011fer \u015fehirler de Ermenistan\u2019a d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015fti. E\u011fer bu harita Ermenilerin mill\u00ee arzular\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcyse, Ermeni meselesi yine bir\u00e7ok \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve m\u00fccadeleye neden olacak ve bu meselenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalacakt\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki Kafkas\u2019ta \u00a0asayi\u015fin \u00a0temini \u00a0meselesi \u00a0etnogra\ufb01k \u00a0\u00e7evrede hallolmakla merbuttur [ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r].\u201d(4)<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d plan\u0131, etnik n\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201ctemiz arazi\u201c talep ediyordu. Ermeniler, bunun i\u00e7in mevcut siyasi \u015fartlarda olu\u015fan f\u0131rsattan istifade ederek yeniden \u201cetnik temizleme\u201c faaliyetine ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan Ordusu\u2019nun h\u00e2l\u00e2 kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin elinde yerel halk\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yeteri kadar asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcstelik Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc i\u015fgal eden \u0130tilaf g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 Thomson\u2019un Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ni tan\u0131mak istemedi\u011fi bu zaman kesiminde (Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k 1918), Ermenilerin \u201cetnik \u00a0temizlik\u201c \u00a0ba\u015flatmaya \u00a0y\u00f6nelik \u00a0asker\u00ee \u00a0\u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca istikametleri Zengezur, Nah\u00e7\u0131van ve Karaba\u011f b\u00f6lgeleri \u00a0idi. \u00a0Ermeni \u00a0vah\u015filiklerinin \u00a0ba\u015f\u0131nda,\u00a0burada peyda olmu\u015f General Andronik duruyordu.<\/p>\n

1919\u2019un \u00a0ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00a0\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri \u00a0Bakan\u0131; \u00a0\u015eu\u015fa, \u00a0Zengezur, Cavan\u015fir ve Cebray\u0131l il\u00e7elerini kapsayan, merkezi \u015eu\u015fa\u2019da olmakla birlikte ge\u00e7ici umum valilik (general gubernatorluk) kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Bakan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerisine g\u00f6re, buradaki valiye geni\u015f haklar verilmeli; b\u00fct\u00fcn organlar ve g\u00f6revliler valiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Ge\u00e7ici vali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, yerel Ermeni s\u00f6zde devlet organlar\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele ve onlar\u0131n tamam\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; bu il\u00e7elerde istikrar\u0131n tam sa\u011flanmas\u0131, yerli legal devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkili, g\u00f6\u00e7men ve yerli ahalinin erzak teminat\u0131 ve onlara genel yard\u0131m\u0131n temini, nihayet, durum d\u00fczeldikten sonra g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin evlerine yerle\u015ftirilmesi yer ald\u0131. Karaba\u011f ve Zengezur\u2019da Ermeni bask\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfuz ve tecr\u00fcbe kazanan Dr. H\u00fcsrev Sultanov vali tayin edildi. Valili\u011fin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in 5 milyon ruble b\u00fct\u00e7e ayr\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fbmet\u2019in karar\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle 600 ki\u015filik s\u00fcvari birli\u011finin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve daha sonra say\u0131n\u0131n 3 bine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.(5)<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir ortamda i\u015fe ba\u015flayan Dr. Sultanov, Karaba\u011f ve Zengezur\u2019da Azerbaycan Devleti\u2019nin h\u00e2kimiyetini temin etmek i\u00e7in hem Ermenilerin hem de \u0130ngilizlerin direni\u015fini k\u0131rmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ge\u00e7ici vali, her \u015feyden \u00a0\u00f6nce \u00a0Yevlah- \u015eu\u015fa \u00a0yolunun \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0ve \u00a0yolun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131. Karaba\u011f ile Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131nda gidi\u015f-geli\u015fi a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz \u00a0askerlerinin \u00a0Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 \u00a0terk \u00a0etmesi \u00a0ve Azerbaycan asker\u00ee birliklerin Karaba\u011f\u2019da konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yerel Ermenilerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi. 1919 A\u011fustos\u2019un ortalar\u0131nda, \u015eu\u015fa\u2019da toplanan Ermeni k\u00f6y icmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a07. \u00a0kurultay\u0131, \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin Karaba\u011f \u00a0\u00fczerinde \u00a0h\u00e2kimiyetini \u00a0ge\u00e7ici, \u00a0Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n karar\u0131na kadar tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Yerli Ermenilere medeni \u00f6zerklik verildi.(6)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ermeni H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, geli\u015fmelerin lehlerine olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131p hi\u00e7 olmazsa Zengezur\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7lenme karar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve asker\u00ee birliklerin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. \u00a0Ekim \u00a0ay\u0131nda,\u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0Ordusu \u00a0Zengezur\u2019da \u00a0olan \u00a0Ermeni \u00a0birliklerine \u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee \u00a0operasyonlara ba\u015flad\u0131. Sava\u015f bir aydan fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc. D\u0131\u011f, Hanavar, Haznavar k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki sava\u015flardan sonra 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019dan itibaren asker\u00ee operasyonlar durduruldu.(7)\u00a0\u00a0Ti\ufb02is\u2019te, \u0130tilaf devletleri asker\u00ee komiserinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fczakereleri, 23 Kas\u0131m 1919\u2019da anla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla neticelendi.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7meden \u00a0ate\u015fkes \u00a0bozuldu. \u00a0Ermeni \u00a0nizami \u00a0birlikleri, Zengezur\u2019da birka\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fc yerle bir etti. Dereleyez b\u00f6lgesinde ise 300 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve 30 kad\u0131n\u0131n esir al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile neticelenen katliam yap\u0131ld\u0131. Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, Ermeni taraf\u0131n\u0131n bu tavr\u0131ndan sonra olay\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile M\u00fctte\ufb01klerin dikkatlerine sundu. M\u00fctte\ufb01klerin Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Haskel, Ermenistan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ni uyard\u0131: Azerbaycan taraf\u0131n\u0131n ithamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa bu, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir darbe olacak.\u201d 8\u00a0Aral\u0131k 1919\u2019da, Haskel, Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131 raporunda \u015fu noktalar\u0131 kaydediyordu: \u00a0\u201cAzerbaycan \u00a0ve \u00a0Ermenistan \u00a0aras\u0131ndaki problemleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek \u00e7\u00f6zmek konusunda mutabakat sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fczakereler sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fi takdirde Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fin arbitrajl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Karaba\u011f \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131d\u0131. Bu karar, \u0130tilaf devletlerinin \u00f6nceki siyasetinin onaylanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131.\u201d(9)<\/p>\n

Ermeniler \u00a0bu \u00a0durumu \u00a0kabullenmek \u00a0istemediler. Yeniden durumu kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun h\u00e2le getirme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 zamanda, 1920\u2019nin ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 istikamette (Kazah, Zengezur, Zengibasar) Ermeni nizami birliklerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n bu a\u015famas\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden hayli farkl\u0131yd\u0131. 19 \u015eubat\u2019ta Zengezur\u2019dan \u00a0\u015eu\u015fa \u00a0istikametine \u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131ya \u00a0ge\u00e7en \u00a0Ermeni ordusunun 10 bin piyadesi, 10 topu ve 60 makineli t\u00fcfe\u011fi vard\u0131.(10)\u00a0\u00a0Savunmas\u0131 zay\u0131f olan Zengezur\u2019da, bu sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde 40 k\u00f6y yak\u0131ld\u0131, binlerce insan katledildi, on binlerce yerli ahali g\u00f6\u00e7men durumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.(11)<\/p>\n

1920\u2019nin Mart\u2019\u0131nda, Nevruz bayram\u0131 g\u00fcnlerinde, Ermeniler gece vakti, ans\u0131z\u0131n Hankendi garnizonuna sald\u0131rarak 16 subay ile bir\u00e7ok askeri \u015fehit etti. Garnizon komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Mirza Kacar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten subaylar, savunmay\u0131 sa\u011flayarak Ermenileri Hankendi\u2019nden att\u0131lar. Fakat d\u00fc\u015fman, Askeran Kalesi\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Askeran \u00a0Kalesi\u2019ni \u00a0geri \u00a0almak \u00a0ve \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019daki Ermeni \u00a0ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0bast\u0131rmak \u00a0i\u00e7in \u00a0Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, ordunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Karaba\u011f\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Askeran Kalesi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kurtar\u0131ld\u0131, Ermeni asker\u00ee birliklerinin buradaki \u00f6nderi Deli Kazar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ermenilerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ke\u015fi\u015fkend\u2019deki kanl\u0131 sava\u015f, Azerbaycan Ordusu\u2019nun zaferi ile son buldu. Karaba\u011f ayaklanmas\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Savunma Bakan\u0131 General Mehmandarov askerlere m\u00fcracaat\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u00a0\u201cKahraman \u00a0askerler, \u00a0ben \u00a0\u015fahsen \u00a0Almanya Cephesinde bir\u00e7ok muharebede bulundum, fakat sizin kadar kahraman askerlere nadiren rastlad\u0131m. Siz benim \u00fcmitlerimi kuvvetlendirdiniz. Siz kan\u0131n\u0131zla yeni Azerbaycan \u00a0Ordusu\u2019nun \u00a0namusunu \u00a0muhafaza \u00a0ettiniz.\u201d(12)<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda, 9 Nisan\u2019da G\u00fcney Kafkasya \u00fclkeleri temsilcilerinin, Ti\ufb02is\u2019te yeni bir m\u00fczakeresi ba\u015flad\u0131. Ermeni heyeti \u0131srarla Azerbaycan asker\u00ee \u00a0birliklerinin \u00a0operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0durdurulmas\u0131na nail olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, \u0130tilaf devletlerinin \u00a0\u201cesas \u00a0tehlike \u00a0kuzeyden \u00a0geliyor\u201d \u00a0\u015feklindeki uyar\u0131 nitelikli notas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemeden, Samur Nehri istikametinde bulunan asker\u00ee birlikleri de \u00fclkenin bat\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi. Ermenistan, 26 Nisan\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f istedi; fakat art\u0131k olaylar kontrolden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 11. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, Samur Nehri\u2019ni ge\u00e7ip h\u0131zla Bak\u00fc \u00fczerine ilerliyordu\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrekli tart\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015f ile ge\u00e7en Azerbaycan-Ermenistan m\u00fcnasebetlerinin bu sayfas\u0131 sona erdi. Karaba\u011f, Zengezur, G\u00f6y\u00e7e, Nah\u00e7\u0131van ve di\u011fer problemler art\u0131k ba\u015fka bir siyasi ortamda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm buldu.<\/p>\n

\u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u201d Olay\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n \u00a027 \u00a0Nisan \u00a01920 \u00a0i\u015fgalinden \u00a0sonra, Karaba\u011f ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin gelece\u011fi meselesi g\u00fcndeme geldi. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun, Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc ve di\u011fer \u015fehirleri i\u015fgal etti\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ermenistan kuvvetleri Karaba\u011f ve Zengezur\u2019u yeniden kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na ald\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun, \u00a0Ermenilerin \u00a0i\u015fgal \u00a0etti\u011fi \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geri alma niyetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Sovyet Rusyas\u0131 D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Komiseri \u00c7i\u00e7erin\u2019in, Kafkasya i\u015flerinden sorumlu Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Komiser Orconikidze\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 2 Haziran 1920 tarihli telgrafta, \u00a0konu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade ediliyordu:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eu\u015fa ve Cebray\u0131l\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekle yetinmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ne bildirin\u2026 Nah\u00e7\u0131van ve Culfa\u2019ya \u015fimdi girmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve asker\u00ee stat\u00fckoyla yetinmek zorunda kalman\u0131n objektif nedenlerini, Bak\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ne bildirmenizi rica ediyorum\u2026 Bak\u00fc\u2019de sahip oldu\u011funuz b\u00fcy\u00fck otoritenizi kullanarak Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin \u015eerur-Dereleyez uyezdinin (il\u00e7esinin) de\u011fil, Karaba\u011f ve Zengezur\u2019un tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lge oldu\u011funu kabul etmesini sa\u011flaman\u0131z\u0131 rica ediyoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Moskova\u2019n\u0131n Ta\u015fnak H\u00fck\u00fbmeti ile \u201cuzla\u015fmak istedi\u011fini\u201d bilen Ermeniler, konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek, hatta Kazah kazas\u0131nda ve di\u011fer yerlerde de ilerlediler. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, 10 Temmuz\u2019da, Azerbaycan \u0130nk\u0131lap Komitesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nerimanov, RKP Kafkasya B\u00fcrosu \u00fcyesi Mdivani, AKP MK \u00fcyeleri Mikoyan ve Naney\u015fvili, XI. Ordunun Asker\u00ee \u0130nk\u0131lap Konseyi \u00fcye- leri Vesnik, Lewandowsky ve Mihaylov\u2019un imzas\u0131yla RKP MK\u2019ye ilgin\u00e7 bir telgraf g\u00f6nderildi. Telgrafta \u015funlar yaz\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleler beklenmedik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 eski s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyamamas\u0131n\u0131 ihanet, Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 ya da Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fbmetinin zay\u0131\ufb02\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6recektir\u2026 Biz, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun himayesinde olan Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclere da\u011f\u0131tan rezil yarat\u0131\u011fa (\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043e\u043a) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemek, aksine, onu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uluslar \u00fcst\u00fc merkeze ve Do\u011fu\u2019nun devrim \u00a0kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00a0haline \u00a0getirmek \u00a0amac\u0131yla \u00a0Merkezi, Karaba\u011f \u00a0ve \u00a0Zengezur \u00a0meselesinde \u00a0teredd\u00fctlerden \u00e7ekindiriyoruz.\u201d(13) Ermenistan\u2019da \u00a0K\u0131z\u0131l \u00a0Ordu \u00a0m\u0131zraklar\u0131 ile \u00a0Sovyet h\u00e2kimiyetinin kurulmas\u0131yla (29 Kas\u0131m 1920) Sovyet Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 \u201crezaleti\u201d daha da artt\u0131. Ermenistan\u2019da \u201cKas\u0131m devriminin\u201d ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, Azerbaycan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Siyasi B\u00fcrosu ve Te\u015fkilat B\u00fcrosunun ortak toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00a0Sovyet \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019\u0131na \u00a0y\u00f6nelik \u00a0tutum ele \u00a0al\u0131nd\u0131. \u00a0Di\u011fer \u00a0konular\u0131n \u00a0yan\u0131 \u00a0s\u0131ra, \u00a0yeni \u00a0Ermeni H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019ne \u00a0m\u00fcracaat \u00a0etmek, \u00a0Sovyet \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n la\u011fvedilmesi, Zengezur\u2019un Ermenistan\u2019a verilmesi, \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00a0da\u011fl\u0131k \u00a0k\u0131sm\u0131na \u00a0kendi \u00a0kaderini tayin \u00a0etme \u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0verilmesi, \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019la \u00a0asker\u00ee ve ekonomik (petrol d\u00e2hil) birli\u011fin kurulmas\u0131, Ermenistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee operasyonlar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Bildirinin ilan edilmesi g\u00f6revi Nerimanov\u2019a verildi. 1 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta, Bak\u00fc Sovyeti\u2019nin toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Nerimanov, \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019da \u00a0Sovyet \u00a0h\u00e2kimiyetinin \u00a0kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00fcnl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, Azerbaycan kom\u00fcnistlerinin \u00f6nde gelen temsilcisini ilan \u00a0etti: \u00a0\u201cSovyet \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131\u2026 \u00a0Bundan \u00a0sonra \u00a0hi\u00e7bir toprak meselesinin ezelden kom\u015fu olan iki halk\u0131n -Ermenilerin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n [T\u00fcrklerin]- birbirinin kan\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0d\u00f6kmesine \u00a0neden \u00a0olmayacak; \u00a0Zengezur \u00a0ve Nah\u00e7\u0131van uyezdleri [il\u00e7eleri] Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz \u00a0par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Da\u011fl\u0131k \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00a0emek\u00e7i \u00a0k\u00f6yl\u00fclerine kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131 veriliyor, \u00a0Zengezur\u2019da t\u00fcm asker\u00ee operasyonlar durduruluyor. Sovyet Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n birlikleri Zengezur\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor ve Sovyet Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 t\u00fckenmez kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u2026 kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7in sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131yor.\u201d(14)<\/p>\n

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Nerimanov\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f c\u00f6mertli\u011fi, \u00a0hem Ermenileri hem de Moskova\u2019y\u0131 son derece memnun etmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, 1 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Orconikidze, Ermeni kom\u00fcnist liderlerinden\u00a0 \u00a0Nazaretyan\u2019a, \u00a0Azerbaycan\u00a0 \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin karar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bildirinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, g\u00f6z ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Nazaretyan da cevap olarak durumu \u201cAferin, \u00a0Azerbaycanl\u0131lar!\u201d \u00a0diye \u00a0bas\u0131nda \u00a0ba\u011f\u0131rmaya \u00a0ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d \u00a0s\u00f6zleriyle \u00a0ifade \u00a0ediyordu.(15)\u00a0 \u00a0Nazaretyan sevinmekte ve sevin\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131rmakta hakl\u0131yd\u0131, fakat \u015fahane hediyeyi \u201cAzerbaycanl\u0131lar\u201d de\u011fil, buna hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 olmayan Nerimanov ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131 vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hibe \u00a0edilen \u00a0topraklarda; \u00a0Zengezur, \u00a0G\u00f6k\u00e7e \u00a0Mahal\u0131, \u015eerur-Dereleyez\u2019de g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Ermeniler, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f konusunda Nerimanov\u2019un vaat etti\u011fi kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00a0i\u00e7in \u00a0m\u00fccadeleye \u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00a0Art\u0131k \u00a0Ermenilerin \u201ciyice \u00a0abartt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00a0g\u00f6ren \u00a0ve \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0hen\u00fcz tamamen \u00a0ezilmemi\u015f \u00a0olan \u00a0mill\u00ee \u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00a0bask\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalan Nerimanov, direnmek zorunda kald\u0131. 4 Temmuz 1921\u2019de, Rusya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi MK Kafkasya \u00a0B\u00fcrosunda \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0konusu \u00a0m\u00fczakereye \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Toplant\u0131da oylamaya 4 \u00f6neri sunuldu. \u0130lk \u00f6neri olan \u201cKaraba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00a0i\u00e7inde \u00a0kalmas\u0131\u201dna, 3 ki\u015fi (Nerimanov, Maharadze, Nazaretyan) lehte, 4 ki\u015fi (Orconikidze, Myasnikov, Kirov, Figatner) aleyhte oy kulland\u0131. \u0130kinci \u00f6neri olan \u201cKaraba\u011f\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131nda Ermeni \u00a0ve \u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00a0n\u00fcfusun \u00a0kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00a0ile \u00a0plebisitin yap\u0131lmas\u0131\u201dna, \u00a02 \u00a0ki\u015fi \u00a0(Nerimanov, \u00a0Maharadze) \u00a0lehte oy kullan\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6neri olan \u201cKaraba\u011f\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k kesimini \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019a \u00a0ba\u011flama\u201dya \u00a04 \u00a0ki\u015fi \u00a0(Orconikidze, Myasnikov, Figatner, Kirov) lehte oy kullan\u0131yor. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6neri olan \u201cPlebisitin yaln\u0131z Da\u011fl\u0131k Kara- ba\u011f\u2019da, \u00a0yani \u00a0Ermeniler \u00a0aras\u0131nda \u00a0yap\u0131lmas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 \u00a0ise \u00a05 ki\u015fi (Orconikidze, Myasnikov, Figatner, Kirov, Naza- retyan) savunuyor. Nerimanov\u2019un \u00f6zel notu da toplant\u0131 \u00a0tutanaklar\u0131na \u00a0ekleniyor: \u00a0\u201cKaraba\u011f \u00a0meselesinin Azerbaycan i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onun nihai \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc RKP MK taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Bu konunun RKP MK\u2019ya sunulmas\u0131na da Kafkasya B\u00fcrosu karar veriyor. Ancak konu Moskova\u2019ya intikal etmeden, ertesi g\u00fcn, 5 Temmuz\u2019da Kafkasya B\u00fcrosunda tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Orconikidze ve Nazaretyan yolda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nerisi \u00fczerine \u00f6nceki toplant\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131 yeniden ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Bu sefer \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar [T\u00fcrkler] ve Ermeniler aras\u0131nda mill\u00ee bar\u0131\u015f gereklili\u011fini, Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Karaba\u011f aras\u0131nda ekonomik ili\u015fkileri, Azerbaycan ile kal\u0131c\u0131 ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak\u201d \u00a0Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Azerbaycan b\u00fcnyesinde kalmas\u0131, \u015eu\u015fa kenti merkez olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f eyalet \u00f6zerkli\u011fi verilmesine ili\u015fkin karar kabul ediliyor. Bu karara 4 ki\u015fi lehte oy kullan\u0131rken 3 ki\u015fi \u00e7ekimser kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(16)\u00a0\u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k kesiminin oval\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ve genel olarak Azerbaycan\u2019dan \u00a0kopar\u0131larak \u00a0ayr\u0131 \u00a0bir \u00a0stat\u00fc \u00a0verilmesi karar\u0131, uzun s\u00fcre sonuca ba\u011flanam\u0131yor. Ancak Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de Azerbaycan SSC Sovnarkom<\/em>\u2019unun nezdinde Karaba\u011f konusu ile ilgili Kirov, Karakozov ve Mirzabekyan\u2019dan olu\u015fan merkez\u00ee bir komisyon kuruluyor.(17) 7 Temmuz 1922\u2019de ise Azerbaycan Merkezi \u0130cra Komitesi\u2019nin karar\u0131 ile \u201cAzerbaycan SSC arazisinde Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Ermeni kesiminden Hankendi merkez olmak \u00fczere\u201d \u00f6zerk vilayet kuruluyor.(18)\u00a0\u00a0Moskova bu operasyondan \u00a0memnundu. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0topraklar\u0131 parampar\u00e7a edilmi\u015f, Zengezur B\u00f6lgesi, \u00e2deta bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 gibi Kuzey Azerbaycan\u2019la T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki organik ba\u011flar\u0131 kesmi\u015f; Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 her an siyasi istikrardan \u00e7\u0131karabilen fakt\u00f6r, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; en \u00f6nemlisi, iki Sovyet cumhuriyeti ve onlar\u0131n halklar\u0131n\u0131 zaman zaman birbiriyle sava\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uygun bir sebep olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Bu saatli bomba, Ermenistan ve Moskova i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 bir zamanda patlat\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Karaba\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1987\u2019nin \u00a0yaz\u0131nda \u00a0Ermenistan \u00a0Bilimler \u00a0Akademisi\u2019nin binlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar\/ \u00d6zerk Vilayeti\u2019nin (DKMV) Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131na ilhak edilmesini isteyen mektubu ile Moskova\u2019ya m\u00fcracaat etti. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019a ilhak\u0131 talebi ile \u0130revan\u2019da bir toplu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f d\u00fczenlendi. Bu olaydan \u00a0bir \u00a0ay \u00a0sonra \u00a0Kas\u0131m \u00a0ay\u0131nda \u00a0Genel \u00a0Sekreter Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019un ekonomi dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Abel Aganbegiyan, Paris\u2019teki bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cKaraba\u011f ve Nah\u00e7\u0131van\u2019\u0131n tarih\u00ee Ermeni topraklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu\u201d iddia edip Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019a verilmesini istedi. Bir iktisat uzman\u0131 olarak bu konuda tarih\u00ee bir yarg\u0131ya vararak \u015funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u201cKaraba\u011f, Azerbaycan\u2019dan \u00e7ok Ermenistan\u2019a \u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u00a0Ermeni \u00a0tarih\u00e7i \u00a0ve \u00a0yazarlar \u00a0bu t\u00fcr iddialar\u0131 gerek\u00e7elendirmek i\u00e7in yerel ve Moskova bas\u0131n\u0131nda aktif propaganda kampanyas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda Stalinizme kar\u015f\u0131 muhalif yaz\u0131lar\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, Ermeni propagandas\u0131n\u0131n, Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Stalin taraf\u0131ndan \u201cAzerbaycan\u2019a verildi\u011fi\u201d ve bu \u201ctarih\u00ee adaletsizli\u011fin\u201d d\u00fczeltilmesi gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerine onlarca yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Ermenistan\u2019da da toplumsal ihtiras bu temay\u00fcle ayak uydurmaktayd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n neticesi, \u0130revan\u2019da ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n merkezi Stepanakert\u2019te [Hankendi] izinsiz miting ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n

Stepanakert\u2019te ilk kitlesel miting 1988 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi. Mitinge kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n temel talebi, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u2019nin Ermenistan\u2019a ilhak\u0131yd\u0131. \u00a0Stepanakert\u2019in \u00a0ana \u00a0meydan\u0131ndaki \u00a0mitingler aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam etti. \u015eubat\u2019\u0131n 20\u2019sinde DGMV Halk Deputatlar\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0Sovyeti\u2019nin\u00a0 \u00a0ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc\u00a0 \u00a0toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cErmenistan \u00a0SSC \u00a0ve \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0SSC\u2019nin \u00a0Y\u00fcksek Sovyetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, DGMV\u2019nin Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinden \u00a0kopar\u0131l\u0131p \u00a0Ermenistan \u00a0topraklar\u0131na \u00a0kat\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6neri\u201d karar\u0131 verildi. S\u00f6z konusu karara destek \u00a0i\u00e7in \u00a0\u0130revan\u2019da \u00a0mitingler \u00a0d\u00fczenlendi. \u00a0Mitinge kat\u0131lanlar \u201cErmenistan T\u00fcrklerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131!\u201d, \u201cErmenistan yaln\u0131z Ermenilerindir!\u201d gibi sloganlar att\u0131lar. Mitinglerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130revan\u2019da o g\u00fcne dek sa\u011flam kalabilmi\u015f tek cami ve T\u00fcrk ortaokulu ile birlikte Azerbaycan Dram Tiyatrosunun malzemeleri yak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130revan\u2019da bu olaylara itiraz eden yerli T\u00fcrklerin evleri ate\u015fe verildi. Bundan sonra Ermenistan\u2019dan yerli T\u00fcrklerin kitlesel olarak s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde (Gukark, Kafan vs.) katledilmesine varan olaylar ba\u015flad\u0131. 22 \u015eubat\u2019ta, Stepanakert yolu \u00fczerindeki Askeran\u2019da, iki T\u00fcrk genci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Azerbaycan\u2019a ka\u00e7mak zorunda \u00a0kalan \u00a0g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00a0do\u011frudan \u00a0m\u00fcdahil \u00a0oldu\u011fu olaylarda yerli Ermeniler s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, baz\u0131 yerlerde provokasyonlar sonucu onlardan (\u00f6rne\u011fin 27- 28 \u015eubat\u2019ta Sumgay\u0131t\u2019ta) \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler oldu.(19) \u00a0Olaylar\u0131n y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisindeki gidi\u015fini, bu d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f monogra\ufb01 \u00a0ve \u00a0\u00f6zel \u00a0ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara \u00a0b\u0131rakarak \u00a0\u015fimdilik sadece konumuz i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan birka\u00e7 noktaya de\u011finmekle yetinelim.<\/p>\n

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Esir al\u0131nan Ermeni askerleri<\/p><\/div>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019da \u00a0\u015fok \u00a0etkisi yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu durum Azerbaycan\u2019da s\u0131radanla\u015fan olumsuz h\u00e2llerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. Etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Azerbaycan\u2019da \u00a0ve \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019da \u00a0mill\u00ee \u00a0hareketlerin ayn\u0131 noktada olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k belli oldu. Bu durumda atak ve haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olan Ermeni taraf\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan\u2019da \u00a0ve \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019da \u00a0Kom\u00fcnist \u00a0Partisi\u2019nin yerel te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n liderlerinin, \u00f6zellikle yerel siyasi elitlerin mill\u00ee hareketle ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7me konusunda \u00a0farkl\u0131 \u00a0tutumlar \u00a0sergilediklerini \u00a0belirtmek \u00a0gerekir. Eski Sovyet-kom\u00fcnist nomenklat\u00fcr <\/em>(M\u00fctellibov iktidar\u0131) mill\u00ee hareketin ve \u00f6zellikle Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Karaba\u011f\u2019a y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda aciz kald\u0131. Etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma arifesinde ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan\u2019daki durumu birbirinden farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan \u00a0ikinci \u00a0\u00f6nemli \u00a0etkene \u00a0de \u00a0k\u0131saca \u00a0de\u011finelim. \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019da nomenklat\u00fcr <\/em>ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, mill\u00ee hareketin temelini te\u015fkil etti. \u00d6zellikle mill\u00ee hareketin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Zori Balayan, Silviya Kaputikyan, \u0130gor Muradyan gibi ayd\u0131nlar, Ermeni mill\u00ee hareketinin s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendiler. Bu ayd\u0131nlar s\u0131k s\u0131k Moskova\u2019ya giderek Sovyet liderleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Ermeni iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdiler. Azerbaycan\u2019da ise nomenklat\u00fcr <\/em>entelijensiyan\u0131n (birka\u00e7 isim istisna) \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu mill\u00ee harekete kat\u0131lmaya cesaret edemedi, mill\u00ee hareketle aras\u0131na mesafe koydu. Entelijensiyan\u0131n bu grubunun, kriz d\u00f6neminde cesaret etti\u011fi tek rol eski y\u00f6netimle yeni \u00e7\u0131kan muhalefet aras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6reviydi.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan \u00a0ve \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019daki \u00a0durumu \u00a0farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc etkenin \u00f6nemi de vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Er- menistan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0ba\u015f\u0131ndan \u00a0itibaren \u00a0Sovyet y\u00f6neticilerinin Azerbaycan\u2019la ve Ermenistan\u2019la ili\u015fkilerinin ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmekteydi. Genel Sekreter Gorba\u00e7ov, \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0benzeri \u00a0etnik-s\u0131n\u0131r \u00a0problemleri- nin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cKaraba\u011f \u00f6rne\u011fi\u201dnin Sovyet devleti co\u011frafyas\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131 tehlikesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde tarafs\u0131z bir tutum sergiledi. Ancak Genel Sekreter\u2019in Ermeni dan\u0131\u015fmanlara sahip olmas\u0131, ard\u0131 ard\u0131na Ermenistan\u2019dan temsilci heyetlerini kabul etmesi, \u00f6zellikle e\u015fi Raisa Gorba\u00e7ova\u2019n\u0131n Ermenilere yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylentileri, \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019da \u015f\u00fcphe ve tedirginlikle izlenmekteydi. \u00a0Moskova \u00a0bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131k \u00a0bir \u00a0\u015fekilde Ermeni \u00a0yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00a0bir \u00a0tutum \u00a0sergilemesi, \u00a0bu \u00a0\u015f\u00fcpheleri daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Rus ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n liberal kesimi \u201cmedeni, ma\u011fdur Ermenilerin\u201d Karaba\u011f iddialar\u0131n\u0131, mevcut durumun de\u011fi\u015fmesini tetikleyen bir etken olarak yorumlamaktayd\u0131. \u201cGerici M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Azerbaycanl\u0131lar\u201d ise bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran bir etken olarak\u00a0 \u00a0de\u011ferlendirilmekteydi.(20)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Sovyet\u00a0 \u00a0liderlerinin Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u015f\u00fcpheler, olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle \u00a0do\u011fruland\u0131. \u00a0Ocak \u00a01989\u2019da, \u00a0Moskova, Da\u011fl\u0131k \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131,\u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0yerel \u00a0y\u00f6netiminin egemenli\u011finden \u00a0al\u0131p \u00a0burada \u00a0do\u011frudan \u00a0Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim sistemi kurdu. Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u0130daresi \u00dczere \u00d6zel Komite <\/em>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yeni kurumun ba\u015f\u0131na \u0130revan\u2019la \u00f6zel ili\u015fkileri olan, \u00a0Arkadi Volski getirildi. Yerel d\u00fczeyde tam anlam\u0131yla at\u0131l hale gelen Sovyet \u00a0h\u00e2kimiyetini \u00a0peki\u015ftirmek \u00a0ve \u00a0Azerbaycan\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7lenen muhalefeti yok etmek i\u00e7in 19 Ocak 1990 gecesi, Sovyet Ordusu, Bak\u00fc ve Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde katliama ba\u015flad\u0131, onlarca sivili \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonraki y\u0131llarda Hocal\u0131 Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Mart 1992) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00a0ve \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0ve \u00a0Karaba\u011f\u2019a \u00a0biti\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerin Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgaline maruz kalmas\u0131nda, Rusya Federasyonu silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin \u00f6nemli rolleri oldu.<\/p>\n

Rusya \u00a0y\u00f6netimi, \u00a0El\u00e7ibey \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin \u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u00fcyeli\u011fi teklifini geri \u00e7evirme cesareti g\u00f6stermesini affetmedi. 1993 Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00a0Rus \u00a0asker\u00ee \u00a0birliklerinin \u00a0do\u011frudan \u00a0kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Ermenistan ordusu, Kelbecer b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal etti. BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyinin 822 say\u0131l\u0131 kararnamesine g\u00f6re, Ermeni asker\u00ee birliklerinin i\u015fgal ettikleri arazileri bo\u015faltmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Ermenistan ve Karaba\u011f Ermenileri bu kararnameye uyacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. Mutabakata g\u00f6re Ermeni asker\u00ee birimlerinin, Kelbecer\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131na 27 May\u0131s\u2019ta ba\u015flanacak, 1 Haziran\u2019da ate\u015fkes ilan edilecek, i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 3 Haziran\u2019da tamamlanacakt\u0131. 6 Haziran\u2019da ise Cenevre\u2019de bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ba\u015flayacak ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 15 Haziran\u2019da Minsk Grubu \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki m\u00fczakerelerde \u00a0onaylanacakt\u0131. \u00a0Bu \u00a0olay\u0131n \u00a0\u00fczerinden \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 El\u00e7ibey, sonbaharda genel se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Bu, gecikmi\u015f bir karar olsa da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda yeni demokratik y\u00f6netimin peki\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirdi. M\u00fctellibov d\u00f6neminde se\u00e7ilen Y\u00fcksek Sovyet\u2019in eski kom\u00fcnist milletvekilleri ise bu karar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ho\u015fnutsuzlukla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. Y\u00fcksek Sovyet\u2019in \u201ckanuni h\u00e2kimiyeti\u201dnin yeniden kurulmas\u0131 slogan\u0131, eski siyasi elit \u00a0(\u00f6ncelikle \u00a0M\u00fctellibov \u00a0yanda\u015flar\u0131) \u00a0i\u00e7in \u00a0birle\u015ftirici bir rol oynad\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir hassas d\u00f6nemde Rusya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0problemi \u00a0ile \u00a0sorumlu b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Vladimir Kazimirov, El\u00e7ibey y\u00f6netiminin Kelbecer\u2019in i\u015fgalini g\u00fc\u00e7 bela savu\u015fturdu\u011funu ancak beklenmedik yeni durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Kazimirov\u2019un ifade etti\u011fi \u201cbeklenmedik yeni durum\u201d bu c\u00fcmlelerin sarf edilmesinden hemen sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Rusya asker\u00ee birlikleri, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tarihten \u00f6nce, istisnai olarak, 28 May\u0131s\u2019ta Gence\u2019yi terk edip silahlar\u0131n\u0131, burada mevzilenmi\u015f Albay Suret H\u00fcseyinov\u2019a b\u0131rakt\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fbmet asker\u00ee birliklerinin, 4 Haziran\u2019da, Albay H\u00fcseyinov\u2019u silahs\u0131zland\u0131rma eyleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131, H\u00fcseynov\u2019un Gence\u2019yi ve \u00e7evresini kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na almas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu durum, \u00fclkede siyasi ve asker\u00ee bir krize yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Albay H\u00fcseyinov ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131ramayan ve krize \u00a0s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00a0El\u00e7ibey \u00a0iktidar\u0131, \u00a0krizden \u00a0\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00a0yolunu, Rusya ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkileri olan ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 El\u00e7ibey\u2019e sadakatini defalarca dile getirmi\u015f olan Haydar Aliyev\u2019e yard\u0131m i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etmekte g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 9 Haziran\u2019da Bak\u00fc\u2019ye gelen Haydar Aliyev, Mill\u00ee Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi ve Suret H\u00fcseyinov\u2019u \u2018ikna etmek\u2019 i\u00e7in Gence\u2019ye gitti. Haydar Aliyev\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan Albay H\u00fcseyinov daha da uzla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir tutum sergilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bak\u00fc\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan asi H\u00fcseyinov, bu defa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 El\u00e7ibey\u2019in istifa etmesini ve tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 El\u00e7ibey, 17- 18 Haziran gecesi, Nah\u00e7\u0131van \u00d6zerk \u00a0Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki, \u00a0do\u011fdu\u011fu, \u00a0Keleki \u00a0K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019ne gitti. 24 Haziran\u2019da, Mill\u00ee Meclis, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yetkilerini Aliyev\u2019e devretti. 30 Haziran\u2019da ise isyank\u00e2r Suret H\u00fcseyinov, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine atand\u0131.\u0130\u00e7 siyasi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Ermenistan, Karaba\u011f\u2019da asker\u00ee faaliyetlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce i\u015fgal edilen Hankendi ( 25 Aral\u0131k 1991), Hocal\u0131 (26 \u015eubat 1992), Hocavend (2 Ekim 1992), \u015eu\u015fa (8 May\u0131s 1992), La\u00e7\u0131n (18 May\u0131s 1992), Kelbecer\u2019in (2 Nisan 1993) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; 23 Temmuz 1993\u2019de A\u011fdam, 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta F\u00fczuli, 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Cebray\u0131l, 31 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Gubatl\u0131 ve 29 Ekim\u2019de Zengilan i\u015fgal edildi. 12 May\u0131s 1994\u2019te \u0130kinci Karaba\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (1987-1994) durduran \u00a0Bi\u015fkek \u00a0Protokol\u00fc \u00a0imzaland\u0131. \u00a0AG\u0130T \u00a0Minsk Grubu e\u015f ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n (Rusya, ABD, Fransa) ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u201cKaraba\u011f Bar\u0131\u015f S\u00fcreci\u201d 26 y\u0131l sonu\u00e7suz s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitti.<\/p>\n

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Son Sava\u015f m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Makalenin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Karaba\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 devam etmektedir. Azerbaycan Ordusu, ezici \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahip, onun hedefe do\u011fru ilerlemesini durduracak bir kuvvet yok gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u0130\u015fgal \u00a0alt\u0131ndaki \u00a0Karaba\u011f \u00a0topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00a0yar\u0131s\u0131 kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f hakk\u0131nda, genellikle Karaba\u011f probleminin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok yaz\u0131lacak, kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclecek. \u015eu anda, s\u00fcreci \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak toparlamak i\u00e7in vakit hen\u00fcz erken.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f baz\u0131 s\u00fcrprizler sundu, onlardan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130lk s\u00fcrpriz, Ermenilerin 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde peki\u015ftirdi\u011fi istihk\u00e2m sistemini, Azerbaycan Ordu\u2019sunun yar\u0131p ge\u00e7mesi, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin planlar\u0131n\u0131 bozmas\u0131 oldu. Modern silahlarla donat\u0131lan Azerbaycan Ordusu, i\u015fgalci Ermenistan silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin suni olu\u015fturulan \u201cyenilmezlik\u201d efsanesini yerle bir etti. 14 Temmuz\u2019da sergilenen \u00a0mill\u00ee \u00a0irade, \u00a0sava\u015f\u0131n \u00a0durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0de\u011fil devam\u0131n\u0131 talep eden halk\u0131n azmi, Azerbaycan askerinin kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti y\u00f6netimi, uygun zamanda gereken karar\u0131 vererek mill\u00ee iradenin ifadecisi oldu. Minsk Grubu e\u015f ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cErmenistan-Azerbaycan, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Kon\ufb02ikti\u201d konseptini y\u0131rt\u0131p att\u0131. Sorunun anahtar\u0131n\u0131n Moskova\u2019da de\u011fil Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n kendisinde oldu\u011funu ispatlad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, milleti ve devletiyle Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. \u00c7ok rahatl\u0131kla \u015funu ifade edebiliriz: Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu \u00f6rne\u011fi (1918) istisna olmakla, T\u00fcrkiye ile Azerbaycan hi\u00e7bir zaman bu kadar yak\u0131n, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli liderler taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilen \u201cbir millet, iki devlet!\u201d slogan\u0131, s\u00f6zden ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; bu tarih\u00ee bir kazan\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun neden direkt s\u00fcrece m\u00fcdahil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00e7ok konu\u015fulacak. \u201cNeden Rusya diplomatik \u00a0bask\u0131lar, \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019a \u00a0her \u00a0g\u00fcn \u00a0silah \u00a0ve m\u00fchimmatlar \u00a0g\u00f6ndermekle \u00a0yetindi?\u201d \u00a0sorusu \u00a0\u00e7e\u015fitli platformlarda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. Belki de yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerden \u00a0(Azerbaycan \u00a0Ordusunun \u00a0kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Azerbaycan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00a0karde\u015f\u00e7e \u00a0davran\u0131\u015f\u0131) \u00a0dolay\u0131, \u00a0Rusya \u00a0H\u00fck\u00fbmeti geleneksel siyasetinden farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f sergiledi. Zamanla s\u0131rlar a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d \u00a0meselesinde, Azerbaycan taraf\u0131na bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 gayet beklenendir. Karaba\u011f\u2019daki Ermenilere 1923 modelinde de\u011fil hatta daha yumu\u015fak \u015fekilde bile bir stat\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131, gelecekte yeni Karaba\u011f \u00a0sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00a0\u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00a0demek \u00a0olur. \u00a0Azerbaycan \u00a0vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden Ermenilere k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zerklik haklar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi m\u00fczakere konusu olabilir. Neden \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u201cy\u00fcksek stat\u00fcl\u00fc Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d istekleri temelsizdir? K\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6zerklik sadece bir b\u00fct\u00fcn tarih\u00ee eyalete, adaya veya uygun araziye verilir. Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi kendi ba\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir zaman siyasi, iktisadi, demogra\ufb01k olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn bir arazi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fbmeti, Birinci Karaba\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde (1918-1920) Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00a0Ermenistan\u2019a \u00a0kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0veya \u00a0ona \u00a0territoryal-idar\u00ee \u00a0\u00f6zerklik \u00a0verilmesini \u00a0reddetmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Di\u011fer gerek\u00e7elerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n iktisadi ve co\u011frafi vahit oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131, Azerbaycan \u00a0Bar\u0131\u015f \u00a0Heyeti\u2019nin \u00a0gerek\u00e7elerini \u00a0mant\u0131\u011fa uygun saym\u0131\u015f; Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00a0olarak \u00a0kabul \u00a0etmi\u015fti. \u00a0Bol\u015fevikler, \u00a0bu \u00a0araziyi suni \u00a0\u015fekilde \u00a0<\/em>Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u00a0di\u011fer \u00a0arazilerinden \u00a0ay\u0131r\u0131p \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d adl\u0131 yeni territoryal-idar\u00ee vahit olu\u015fturmu\u015ftular.<\/li>\n
  2. M\u00fczakere masas\u0131nda Azerbaycan taraf\u0131n\u0131n elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek di\u011fer bir konu, \u015eu\u015fa il\u00e7esinin stat\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu il\u00e7enin ahalisi tamamen T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkler bir daha \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d adl\u0131 \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge d\u00e2hilinde olmay\u0131 ak\u0131llar\u0131ndan bile ge\u00e7irmiyorlar. \u015eu\u015fa \u015fehri ve il\u00e7e n\u00fcfusunun iradesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve m\u00fczakere masas\u0131nda daima seslendirilmelidir. \u015eu\u015fa olmadan \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d \u00f6zerkli\u011fi asla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
  3. Tarih\u00ee mensubiyet meselesi, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n daima ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7edir. Ermeniler sadece \u201cKaraba\u011f hi\u00e7bir zaman Azerbaycan\u2019a d\u00e2hil olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d yalan tezini savunuyorlar. Azerbaycan devleti\/co\u011frafyas\u0131 yahut Ermenistan devleti\/co\u011frafyas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman temelsiz tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu arg\u00fcman\u0131n daha uygun \u015fekli \u201cKaraba\u011f\u2019da Ermenilerin ya\u015famas\u0131 do\u011frudur, fakat hi\u00e7bir zaman onlar \u00e7o\u011funluk olmam\u0131\u015flar.\u201d Bu, daha mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve istatistiklerle kolayca ispat edilebilecek bir tezdir.<\/li>\n
  4. \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u201d tecr\u00fcbesini presedent hukukuna ba\u011flamak gerekir. 1923\u2019te Sovyet avtonomizasiya <\/em>projesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kurulan, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti, mevcut oldu\u011fu 68 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde (1923-1991) halklar aras\u0131 problemi \u00e7\u00f6zememi\u015f; tam tersine iki halk aras\u0131nda gerilimin ve sava\u015f\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Kaydetmeliyiz ki Azerbaycan kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u201di 1991\u2019de la\u011fvedilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  5. \u00d6zerklik iddias\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 da g\u00f6stermektedir. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n temsilcilerine \u0131srarla \u015funu sormak gerekir: Meskunla\u015ft\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda tutman\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir? Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kendisi, n\u00fcfus krizi ya\u015farken yeni topraklar Ermenilerin neyine gerektir?<\/li>\n
  6. Adalet prensibi esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyonluk n\u00fcfusunu, Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan 145 binlik (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 60-70 bin) Ermeni toplumunun rehinesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, adil bir i\u015f de\u011fildir; hi\u00e7 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir!<\/li>\n
  7. T\u00fcm Karaba\u011f\u2019da istikrar, G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da istikrar\u0131n \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer telakki edilen bu istikrar\u0131 isterlerse, bu problemden d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtarmak isterlerse \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019a y\u00fcksek stat\u00fc\u201d fikrinden vazge\u00e7meliler.<\/li>\n
  8. Tarihte kalan \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d \u0131n \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden dayat\u0131lmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6re g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Eski \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u201d, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin co\u011frafi merkezidir. Tek kelime ile \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenlik meselesidir ve hi\u00e7bir devlet bu tehdidi ihmal edemez.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    • N\u0259sibzad\u0259, \u201cYeni Turan\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fc v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n missiyas\u0131\u201d, D\u00fcnya<\/em>, S:1, 1993, s. 22.<\/li>\n
    • Azerbaycan Respublikas\u0131 D\u00f6vlet Ar\u015fivi <\/em>(ARDA), fond 970, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 65, 102-103.<\/li>\n
    • N. Nesibli, Kuzey Azerbaycan \u0130stiklalden \u0130kinci \u0130\u015fgale, 1918-1920, <\/em>Ankara, Alt\u0131nordu, 2018, s. 93-94, 222-224.<\/li>\n
    • V. \u00c7\u0259m\u0259nz\u0259minli, Xarici siyas<\/em>\u0259timiz, <\/em>Bak\u0131, 1993,<\/em> s. 36.<\/li>\n
    • ARDA, fond 894, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 43, 11.<\/li>\n
    • ARDA, fond 897, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 112, 44-45; ARDA, fond 970, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 89, v. 41.<\/li>\n
    • ARDA, fond 897, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 112, v. 19-19a.<\/li>\n
    • A.g.e., v. 23.<\/li>\n
    • Audrey L. Altstadt, The<\/em> Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule<\/em>, Stanford, 1992, p. 102. 10<\/li>\n
    • ARDA, fond 897, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 112, v. 61-65.<\/li>\n
    • ARDA, fond 894, siyah\u0131 10, i\u015f 80, 14; ARDA, fond 897, siyah\u0131 1, i\u015f 112, v. 53.<\/li>\n
    • M.B. Mehmetzade, Mill\u00ee<\/em> Azerbaycan hareke Mill\u00ee Azerbaycan \u201cM\u00fcsavat\u201d Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 Tarihi, <\/em>s. 173.<\/li>\n
    • \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420. 1918-1925. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443: \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, 1989, \u0441.<\/li>\n
    • \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442, 02.12.1920.<\/li>\n
    • \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420. 1918-1925. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, 69.<\/li>\n
    • \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420. 1918-1925. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, 91-92.<\/li>\n
    • \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439, 20. 12.<\/li>\n
    • \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420. 1918-1925. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, 152- 153.<\/li>\n
    • Sumgay\u0131t olaylar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri, bu \u015fehirdeki devlet idareleri ve merkez Sovyet organlar\u0131n\u0131n, KGB\u2019nin rol\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bk: Aslan \u0130smay\u0131lov<\/u>, Sumqay\u0131t – SS<\/u>– R\u0130-nin s\u00fcqutunun ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c<\/u>\u0131, <\/em>Bak\u0131: \u00c7a\u015f\u0131o\u011flu.<\/li>\n
    • bk. \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u041c\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u201c\u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 (1988-2000)\u201d, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d (\u0440\u0435\u0434.), \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d-\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441. 478-489.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tarihte kalan\u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d\u0131n \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden dayat\u0131lmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6re g\u00f6re m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.Eski\u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Muhtar Vilayeti\u201d,Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin co\u011frafi merkezidir.Tek kelime ile \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenlik meselesidir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":130,"featured_media":12041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[70,66,68],"tags":[54,1280,765,52,833,1570],"coauthors":[1246],"class_list":["post-12027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rusya","category-siyaset-tarih","category-turkluk-turkculuk","tag-azerbaycan","tag-azerbaycan-cumhuriyeti","tag-daglik-karabag","tag-ermeni","tag-ermeni-mezalimi","tag-karabag-sorunu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/130"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12027"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12044,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12027\/revisions\/12044"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12027"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=12027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}