{"id":12184,"date":"2021-01-20T19:30:07","date_gmt":"2021-01-20T16:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=12184"},"modified":"2021-01-20T22:24:14","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T19:24:14","slug":"balkanlarda-pandoranin-kutusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/balkanlarda-pandoranin-kutusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Balkanlarda Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diplomatic Observer dergisinin Ocak 2021 tarihli 155. say\u0131s\u0131nda <\/em><\/p>\n

“PANDORA\u2019S BOX IN THE BALKANS”<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan makalenin geni\u015fletilmi\u015f h\u00e2lidir.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/em>Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sergey Lavrov\u2019un 14-15 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihli Bosna-Hersek ziyareti, kritik geli\u015fmelerin habercisi gibiydi. Ziyaret boyunca tart\u0131\u015fma yaratan t\u00fcm hususlar Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Balkanlardaki yeni bir giri\u015fimine i\u015faret ediyor. Balkanlarda h\u00e2kimiyet kurma eskimeyen bir konu ve iki y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin PanSlavizim-PanCermenizm m\u00fccadelesinin izlerini de ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn Balkan \u00fclkelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 AB ve NATO \u00fcyesi ya da bunlarla entegrasyon s\u00fcrecinde olsa da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi ba\u011flara i\u015faret eden Slav kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinden Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki etkisi s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Hristiyan Ortodoks ba\u011flar\u0131 ise etki alan\u0131n\u0131 belli \u00f6l\u00e7ekte geni\u015fletiyor. Do\u011fal olarak Balkanlarda Slav-Ortodoks \u00e7er\u00e7evesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve bu dayan\u0131\u015fmadan ciddi tehdit alg\u0131layan kesimler de var. Rus n\u00fcfuzunu korumak ve Rus n\u00fcfuzunu azaltmak isteyen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7eki\u015fmesi de her daim canl\u0131. Bazen biri di\u011ferinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve etkisini abart\u0131r ama bu co\u011frafya, b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin siyas\u00ee, ekonomik, asker\u00ee ya da bunlarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere din\u00ee \u00e7eki\u015fmelerine her daim sahne ve malzeme olur.<\/p>\n

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Son y\u0131llarda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Karada\u011f[1]<\/a> ve Makedonya\u2019ya m\u00fcdahale\u00a0imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 iktidardaki isimlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle g\u00f6rece daral\u0131rken Karada\u011f\u2019daki A\u011fustos 2020 se\u00e7imleri Rusya\u2019ya daha yak\u0131n isimleri h\u00fck\u00fcmete ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131nca denge tekrar de\u011fi\u015fti. Bununla ilgili olarak Rusya’n\u0131n S\u0131rp Ortodoks Kilisesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Karada\u011f’daki genel se\u00e7imlere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Yeni y\u00f6netime mesafeli olan Karada\u011f Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Milo Djukanovic, bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda Rusya\u2019dan ba\u015fka \u00c7in, Brezilya ve Hindistan gibi akt\u00f6rlerin de b\u00f6lgede etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken asl\u0131nda belli bir ittifaka i\u015faret ediyordu. Yoksa Brezilya ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Balkanlarda dikkat \u00e7ekecek bir hareketlili\u011fi bulunmuyor. Milo Djukanovic, \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmazsa \u00fclkenin yeni d\u00f6nemde NATO ve AB’den uzakla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Djukanovic, NATO ve AB etkisinin azalmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck endi\u015fesinde yaln\u0131z de\u011fil ancak ABD\u2019nin ve AB \u00fclkelerinden de \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lge siyasetini belirlemedeki etkisi Rusya ile yar\u0131\u015f\u0131r d\u00fczeyde. Zira Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmesi de Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin farkl\u0131 enstr\u00fcmanlarla yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin bir sonucu. Ancak kiliselerin n\u00fcfuz olu\u015fturmadaki etkisi yads\u0131namaz. Kiliseler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, kiliselerin cemaatlerini \u00f6zellikle mill\u00ee kimlik konusunda y\u00f6nlendirmesi ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kanunlar\u0131na t\u00e2bi olan \u0130stanbul’daki Rum Kilisesinin (Fener Rum Patrikhanesi) k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerce Balkanlarda ve Do\u011fu Avrupa’da inan\u00e7 cephesi olu\u015fturabilmek (ya da mevcudu k\u0131rmak) \u00fczere desteklenmesi konular\u0131na gelmeden \u00f6nce Rusya’n\u0131n Balkanlardaki pozisyonunu g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek siyas\u00ee haritay\u0131 daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

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Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Mesajlar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuzey Makedonya ve Karada\u011f\u2019da Bat\u0131 kurumlar\u0131yla entegrasyon, rotas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmayacak bir hedef h\u00e2lini ald\u0131. Y\u00f6netimler de\u011fi\u015fse de hedeften \u00e7ok sap\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak Bosna-Hersek h\u00e2len kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyonda. B\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7lerin hamlelerini en rahat y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer de buras\u0131. Bosna Hersek\u2019teki S\u0131rp entitesi, Bosna Hersek’ten ayr\u0131lma iste\u011fini ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana korudu. Kosova \u00f6rne\u011fini g\u00f6stererek b\u00f6yle bir se\u00e7ene\u011fi oldu\u011funu savundu. Devlet y\u00f6netiminin usullerini de d\u00fczenleyen Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, y\u00f6netimin her a\u015famas\u0131na S\u0131rp entitesinin de e\u015fit kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dayat\u0131yor. Bu da mevcut devletin devam\u0131n\u0131 zaten istemeyen S\u0131rp entitesine, hem kritik konularda i\u015fleyi\u015fi kilitleme hem \u00fclkenin Bat\u0131 kurumlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini yava\u015flatma hem de daha iyi bir y\u00f6netim sistemi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 veriyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bosna-Hersek\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lmay\u0131 tetikleyecektir. Do\u011frusu bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek isteyen bir devlet de yok gibi\u2026 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla milliyet\u00e7i birtak\u0131m tetiklenmeler Bosna-Hersek\u2019te biraz daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lavrov\u2019un Bosna-Hersek ziyareti, Dayton Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 25. y\u0131l\u0131na denk geldi. Lavrov\u2019un S\u0131rp temsilcilerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede Bosna-Hersek bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, S\u0131rp entitesinin asker\u00ee tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekledi\u011fini ve Dayton Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n revize edilmesine de kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve \u00c7etnik selamlamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck skandal olarak nitelendirildi. Tepki olarak Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konseyinin Bo\u015fnak \u00fcyesi Sefik Dzaferovic ile H\u0131rvat \u00fcyesi Zeljko Komsic, Lavrov\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeyi reddetti.<\/p>\n

Lavrov, Bosna Hersek Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konseyinin S\u0131rp \u00fcyesi Milorad Dodik ve RS Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Zeljka Cvijanovic ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken salonda sadece Rusya bayra\u011f\u0131 ve S\u0131rp entitesi olan \u201cS\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti\u201d (RS) bayra\u011f\u0131 bulunuyordu.[2]<\/a> Bosna-Hersek bayra\u011f\u0131 yoktu. S\u0131rp entitesinin \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131 bir asker\u00ee tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k karar\u0131 alma hakk\u0131 da bulunmuyor. Bunlar\u0131n hepsini \u00e7ok iyi bilen Lavrov, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve sert bir hamlesinin ilk i\u015faretini vermi\u015f olmal\u0131. Lavrov\u2019un \u00c7etnik i\u015fareti yapmas\u0131 da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir tav\u0131r olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. (\u00c7etnik selam\u0131, y\u00fcz\u00fck ve ser\u00e7e parmaklar\u0131n kapat\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015f i\u015faret ve orta parma\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.) Her ne kadar Baba-O\u011ful-Kutsal Ruh \u00fc\u00e7lemesi olarak ifade edilse de \u00c7etnik selam\u0131n\u0131n esasen 1990\u2019lardan itibaren di\u011fer etnik unsurlar\u0131n zafer i\u015faretine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ilerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zafer i\u015fareti olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Evet, Katolikler be\u015f parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek istavroz rit\u00fceli yaparken Ortodokslar \u00fc\u00e7 parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek istavroz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Bu din\u00ee k\u0131sm\u0131. Ancak \u00c7etnik selamlamas\u0131, Bosna\u2019daki katliamlarda bu i\u015fareti yapmayanlar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fck ve ser\u00e7e parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi nedeniyle daha \u00e7ok soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan bir sembol\u2026 Bo\u015fnak ve H\u0131rvatlar\u0131n rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissetmesi de anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Dodik\u2019in bu ziyaret esnas\u0131nda Lavrov\u2019a sonradan Ukrayna\u2019dan \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131[3]<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan 300 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ikona hediye etmesi de diplomatik rezalet olarak an\u0131lacak. Dodik, bu din\u00ee sanat eserinin eline nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fini muhtemelen a\u00e7\u0131klamayacakt\u0131r ama Rusya, hediyeyi iade ederken Bosna-Hersek’in bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan S\u0131rp b\u00f6lgesindeki politik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nt\u0131 eser hediyesi ile g\u00f6lgelendi\u011finin fark\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Balkanlar\u0131 ve diplomasiyi bilen bir isim olan Lavrov\u2019un tutum ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yeni bir aksiyona haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi veriyor. Lavrov, zaten Bosna-Hersek, Karada\u011f ve Kuzey Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n da S\u0131rbistan gibi Rusya etkisinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan bir siyaset\u00e7i. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Balkanlardaki son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u0131m\u0131 Karada\u011f\u2019da A\u011fustos 2020 se\u00e7imleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen\u00a0 y\u00f6netim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiydi. S\u0131rbistan zaten Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en etkili oldu\u011fu \u00fclke. Bosna-Hersek\u2019in Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kaderine terk edilmesi ve buradaki S\u0131rplar\u0131n da S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan bile daha \u00e7ok Rusyac\u0131 olmas\u0131, Rusya\u2019ya alan a\u00e7\u0131yor. E\u011fer Lavrov\u2019un yapmak istedi\u011fi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Balkan politikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde yenilemek ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmaksa dikkatler Makedonya\u2019ya \u00e7evrilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Makedonya ile Yunanistan aras\u0131ndaki isim anla\u015fmas\u0131 (Prespa Anla\u015fmas\u0131), asl\u0131nda anla\u015fman\u0131n kendisinden \u00e7ok bunu sa\u011flamak \u00fczere Makedonya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu \u00fclkedeki etkinli\u011fini k\u0131s\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisi, Makedonya’da iktidar\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinden itibaren ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc engellemeye yetmemi\u015fti. Rusya’n\u0131n 2018\u2019deki Yunanistan ve Makedonya isim anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n referandumuna[4]<\/a> m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi iddialar\u0131 da bas\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Rusya gazeteciler tutmu\u015f, bas\u0131na anla\u015fmay\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcleyen haber yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in para da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, Makedonya\u2019da milliyet\u00e7i kesimleri protestoya te\u015fvik etmi\u015fti. Nitekim Yunanistan da iki Rus diplomat\u0131n\u0131 isim anla\u015fmas\u0131 aleyhine protestolar\u0131 te\u015fvik ettikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmi\u015fti. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda bu anla\u015fman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in de renkli devrimlerin mimar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan spek\u00fclat\u00f6r George Soros\u2019un Yunanistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131na, Atina Kilisesine ve anla\u015fmay\u0131 olumlu yans\u0131tmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Balkanlardaki medya gruplar\u0131na para \u00f6dedi\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015fti. \u0130ddia sahibi Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Savunma Bakan\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ciddiye al\u0131nabilir. \u00d6te yandan Makedonya parlamentosundaki oylamada da muhalif vekillere maddi \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve haklar\u0131ndaki su\u00e7 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi suretiyle yeterli oya ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece isim anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 da var. Makedonya iktidar\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 temkinli ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tepkili ama \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan kesimin Rusya\u2019ya sempatisi ise s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu nedenle Makedonya’da Rusya’ya yak\u0131n ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda mill\u00ee kimlik hassasiyeti nedeniyle Prespa Anla\u015fmas\u0131na ve Bulgaristan ile Arnavutluk ve Makedonya’daki Arnavutlarla var\u0131lan uzla\u015f\u0131lara da tepkili olan kesimlerin siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmas\u0131 ihtimali \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Karada\u011f’daki iktidar de\u011fi\u015fimi, Balkan politikas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi anlam\u0131na geliyorsa s\u0131rada Makedonya’daki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerinin Rusya lehine de\u011fi\u015fmesi olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f’dan sonra Rusya’n\u0131n etkili olabildi\u011fi \u00fclke Makedonya’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kiliselerin ve Dinin Ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siyasi arenadaki bu hareketlilik ve b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kimiyet kurma ama\u00e7l\u0131 pek \u00e7ok operasyonun bir boyutu kiliselerle ilgili. Esasen S\u0131rp Kilisesinin yetki alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen 1967\u2019de ilan etti\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fizmatik (dinden sapm\u0131\u015f) muamelesi g\u00f6ren Makedonya Kilisesinin Fener Rum Patrikhanesine y\u00f6nelmesi ve Makedonya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Zoran Zaev\u2019in buna ili\u015fkin temaslar i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019da Patrik Bartholomeos’u ziyaret etmesi konunun bir y\u00f6n\u00fc.[5]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00fclkedeki Ortodokslar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019unun t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu Karada\u011f Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin de S\u0131rp Kilisesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmak i\u00e7in yine Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ile temasa ge\u00e7mesi de ikinci y\u00f6n\u00fc.[6]<\/a> Elbette Ukrayna \u00f6rne\u011finden faydalanmak istiyorlar. S\u0131rbistan Kilisesi bu iki \u00fclkede S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahaleci, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011fu fikirlerini savunuyor. Zaten S\u0131rbistan Kilisesi de Rusya Patrikhanesi ile birlikte hareket ediyor.<\/p>\n

Ortodoksluk, mill\u00ee kimli\u011fi besleyen, destekleyen ve devlet olmazsa kilisenin de olamayaca\u011f\u0131, devletle birlikte mutlaka mill\u00ee kilisesi de kurulan bir yap\u0131da geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kilise de devletini mill\u00ee kimlik yaratmada destekler. Devletsiz kilise olmaz \u015fiar\u0131n\u0131n temelinde bu anlay\u0131\u015f yatar. \u0130stanbul\u2019da Yunanlar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir Kilise varken Atina Kilisesinin Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra kurulmas\u0131 buna en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Ancak burada ABD-Rusya g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinin yak\u0131n co\u011frafyadaki Ortodoks cemaatlere yans\u0131yan y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Rusya, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ktan sonra NATO ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ne kat\u0131lan Balt\u0131k \u00fclkelerinin (Litvanya, Letonya ve Estonya) \u00fcyeliklerini de engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zaman da kiliseler meselenin esasl\u0131 bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Ard\u0131ndan Ukrayna\u2019daki b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kiliselerden birinin (Ukrayna ve Kiev Ortodoks Kilisesi) Rusya Patrikhanesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Fener Rum Patrikhanesi<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. (Rusya Patrikhanesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 kilisenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez!) \u015eimdi g\u00f6zler Makedonya ve Karada\u011f\u2019daki kiliselerde. Sadece Estonya, Letonya, Ukrayna, Makedonya, Karada\u011f\u2019daki Ortodoks cemaat de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda cemaatin Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ve ABD\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015f mensuplar\u0131 da y\u00f6nlendirilebilir bir merkeze ba\u011flanmak isteniyor. \u00d6te yandan asl\u0131nda y\u00f6nlendirilebilir cemaatler meselesi t\u00fcm di\u011fer din, mezhep ve cemaatleri de kapsayan stratejik plan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Jeopolitik hedeflerin din\u00ee cemaatleri ilgilendiren boyutu da teostrateji ile tasarlan\u0131r. Din\u00ee cemaatler bir tak\u0131m hedeflere hizmet eder ve bir tak\u0131m kazan\u0131mlar edinirler. Di\u011fer yandan ya\u015fananlar Ortodoks olmayan ABD ile Ortodoks Rusya aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesi oldu\u011fu kadar \u0130stanbul\u2019daki ve Rusya\u2019daki iki patrikhanenin yetki b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin de par\u00e7as\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ukrayna Kilisesi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre tarafs\u0131z kalan K\u0131br\u0131s Kilisesi<\/strong>, 25 Kas\u0131m 2020’de Sen Sinod\u2019unun (\u00fcst kurul) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi oylama sonucu “Ukrayna ve Kiev Ortodoks Kilisesi”ni tan\u0131ma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Ocak 2019\u2019dan bu yana Ukrayna Kilisesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 Ortodoks kilisesi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Fener Rum Patrikhanesi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u0130skenderiye Patrikhanesi[7]<\/a> ve Atina Kilisesi.\u00a0 K\u0131br\u0131s Kilisesinin Aziz Paul ve Barnabas<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcjdelenmesi ve en eski kiliselerden biri olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 prestijinin, yeni tan\u0131malara kap\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir problem. Zira Ukrayna\u2019da b\u00f6yle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilisenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rusya Patrikhanesine Ukrayna\u2019daki cemaatinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kaybettirdi. Bu da “cemaati en kalabal\u0131k kilise\/en b\u00fcy\u00fck kilise” olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini etkiliyor. \u00d6te yandan art\u0131k Ukrayna\u2019da Bat\u0131 de\u011ferlerine daha s\u0131cak bakan ve Rus kimli\u011finden tamamen farkl\u0131la\u015fan ve hatta Ruslar\u0131 \u00f6tekile\u015ftiren bir Ukraynal\u0131l\u0131k kimli\u011fi bask\u0131n hale gelecek. Kilise \u00fczerinden cemaatinin dost\/d\u00fc\u015fman, tehdit ve sempati alg\u0131lar\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fecektir. Bu, Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir jeopolitik ve yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 yenilgisidir. Ayr\u0131ca bu geli\u015fmeler, Makedonya ve Karada\u011f\u2019\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ortodokslu\u011fun Orta ve Do\u011fu Avrupa merkezlerindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini de de\u011fi\u015ftirme potansiyeline sahip\u2026<\/p>\n

Elbette yerle\u015fik kilise kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yok say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkaca de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kap\u0131 aralamas\u0131, Ortodoks kiliselerinde birli\u011fin ortadan kalkmas\u0131<\/a> ve kiliselerin y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kural sistemlerinin bozulmas\u0131 gibi inan\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait sorunlar ve bir o kadar da toplumlar\u0131n bu kez ba\u015fka niyetlerle y\u00f6nlendirilmesinin yarataca\u011f\u0131 sorunlar olacakt\u0131r. Ukrayna Metropoliti Epifanio\u2019nin 14 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Bartelomeos\u2019tan Kiev Metropoliti stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn Patrikli\u011fe y\u00fckseltilmesini istemesi de bu t\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131n ilk i\u015fareti olabilir.[8]<\/a> Nitekim bu talep ger\u00e7ek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve kendi kiliselerini kurma hakk\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelir. Epifanio\u2019nin kutsal kilise kurallar\u0131na uygun olmayan bir y\u00f6ntemle tahta ge\u00e7irildi\u011fine inananlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheyi ve kilise kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na itirazlar\u0131 kuvvetlendirecektir.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kiliseler \u00fczerinden g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine tepkisiz kalmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Lavrov\u2019un Balkanlardaki temaslar\u0131 ve hatta S\u0131rbistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Nikola Selakovi\u0107\u2019in 12 Aral\u0131k\u2019taki \u201cilk d\u0131\u015f ziyareti\u201d oldu\u011funu ve iki devlet aras\u0131ndaki geleneksel dostluk ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok\u00e7a vurgulayarak K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimini ziyaret etmesi de K\u0131br\u0131s Kilisesinin Ukrayna\u2019daki kiliseyi tan\u0131mas\u0131yla ilgili olabilir. Ger\u00e7i S\u0131rp yap\u0131m\u0131 NORA B52 tipi ob\u00fcs silah sisteminin ikinci partisinin Rum Mill\u00ee Muhaf\u0131z Ordusuna teslimi de ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Yani inan\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ile asker\u00ee ve g\u00fcvenlik temal\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilir. Hem Rus hem de S\u0131rp \u00fcst d\u00fczey zenginlerinin paralar\u0131n\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netiminde de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi, dahas\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s Rum vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek fiyata sat\u0131n alarak AB\u2019ye eri\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 da \u201calt\u0131n pasaport<\/strong>\u201d skandal\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yani ticari ve ekonomi i\u00e7erikli derin ve AB’den (hatta ambargolar\u0131 kald\u0131ran ABD’den) gizlenen ba\u011flar da s\u00f6z konusu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Rusya-K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimi ya da ayr\u0131 tutmaya gerek olmasa bile S\u0131rbistan-K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar, kilise ili\u015fkilerinden ibaret de\u011fil. Hepsinin birbirine etkisi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Balkanlarda bir dayanak noktas\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya kendisini ilgilendiren stratejik konularda s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 do\u011furur. S\u0131rbistan, Karada\u011f, Makedonya ve Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar yani Balkan Slavlar\u0131, Rusya i\u00e7in destek toplayabilece\u011fi dayanak noktalar\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya Balkanlardaki avantaj\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmek istemeyecektir ve Rus Patrikhanesinden kopmalar\u0131n bir \u00e7orap s\u00f6k\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ilerlemesini de engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin yeni d\u00f6nemde, Rusya yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen Karada\u011f y\u00f6netiminin, Karada\u011f’daki kilise sorununun fitilini ate\u015fleyen kilise m\u00fclkleri ile ilgili kanunda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gitmesi ve Karada\u011f Kilisesi’nin S\u0131rp Kilisesiyle ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Moskova Patrikhanesiyle) yeniden onarmas\u0131 (ve b\u00f6ylece Rusya sempatisinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131) beklenebilir bir geli\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan Bosna-Hersek\u2019teki a\u00e7\u0131k sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeyi ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 etkileyebilecek sorunlara yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gecikmi\u015f re\u00e7etenin devreye sokulmas\u0131n\u0131n aciliyeti bir kez daha g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yani Bat\u0131, daha net ifade etmek gerekirse Balkanlarda kontrol isteyen ABD ve Almanya, Bosna Hersek’i “\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir \u00fclke” olarak g\u00f6rmekten vazge\u00e7erek bu \u00fclkenin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyacak tedbirler geli\u015ftirmeli ve Bat\u0131 ile entegrasyonunu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, hatta kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemler almal\u0131d\u0131r. Balkanlarda ka\u00e7 \u00fclkede iktidar ve anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fimi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bu iki \u00fclkenin Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar i\u00e7in bunu yapamamas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Son olarak Fener Rum Patrikhanesi’nin T\u00fcrkiye’de kalmas\u0131na siyas\u00ee faaliyetlerini sonland\u0131rma \u015fart\u0131yla izin verildi\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti hukuk sistemindeki yerinin Yunanistan’la m\u00fcbadeleden muaf tutulan \u0130stanbul’daki Rumlar\u0131n din\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek oldu\u011fu tekrar vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fener Rum Patrikhanesinin\/Kilisesinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde siyas\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan faaliyetleri T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fck ve sorunlar do\u011furacak niteliktedir. ABD ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirme \u00e7eki\u015fmesine T\u00fcrkiye’nin bir kurumu dayanak noktas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hele ki bir benzerini hen\u00fcz atlatm\u0131\u015fken…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Karada\u011f’da 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda, genel se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbe giri\u015fiminden sorumlu tutulan 2 Rus, 2 Karada\u011fl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7i, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n eski Jandarma komutan\u0131 ve 9 S\u0131rbistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda toplam 69 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 verildi. Zanl\u0131lar, Ba\u015fbakana suikast d\u00fczenledikten sonra parlamentoyu ele ge\u00e7irerek Bat\u0131 ve NATO kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak Rusya yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u015fa getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Rus devletinin bu giri\u015fimde bir rol\u00fc resm\u00ee olarak do\u011frulanmasa da bu izlenim tan\u0131k ifadeleri ve seyahat belgeleriyle desteklendi.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Bu arada alt\u0131nda Balkanlardaki soyk\u0131r\u0131mlardan sorumlu tutulan Milo\u015fevi\u00e7\u2019in de imzas\u0131 bulunan Dayton Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en mant\u0131ks\u0131z d\u00fczenlemesi, federasyonun bir par\u00e7as\u0131na \u201cS\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti\u201d denmesidir. Zira soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar RS\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve cumhuriyet denilmek suretiyle de ileride ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0130konan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Ukrayna\u2019ya (Lugansk b\u00f6lgesine) ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir m\u00fch\u00fcr bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bosna-Hersek savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, Rusya da ikonay\u0131 iade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> 30 Eyl\u00fcl 2018 referandumu, se\u00e7menlerin yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 37’si oy kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7 vermedi.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Bu konuda bkz. G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, Yeni Makedon Kimli\u011finin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in Makedonya Kilisesi Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>, Diplomatik G\u00f6zlem, Mart 2019; https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/yeni-makedon-kimliginin-insasi-icin-makedonya-kilisesi-formulu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, Karada\u011f\u2019da Devlet-Kilise \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, Diplomatik G\u00f6zlem, Mart 2019<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0130skenderiye Patrikhanesi, Yunanistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Antonis Demataris\u2019in \u0130skenderiye\u2019ye giderek Patrik Theodoros\u2019u ziyaret etmesi sonras\u0131nda 8 Kas\u0131m 2019\u2019da Ukrayna Kilisesini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hemen ard\u0131ndan 30 Kas\u0131m\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lacak olan Aziz Andreas\u2019\u0131n din\u00ee g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u015feref konu\u011funun \u0130skenderiye Patri\u011fi olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. 29 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Yunanistan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na Korgeneral George Kampas, \u0130skenderiye Patri\u011fi Theodoros\u2019u ziyaret ederek \u201c\u00dclkemizin (Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n) g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sizin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcze ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d demi\u015fti. Detaylar i\u00e7in bkz. Bojidar Cipof, Aziz Andreas Kutlamalar\u0131 ve Yunanistan-M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi, http:\/\/soyledik.com\/tr\/makale\/7999\/aziz-andreas-kutlamalari-ve-yunanistan-misir-isbirligi–bojidar-cipof.html<\/a>, 12 Aral\u0131k 2019 Bojidar Cipof da Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki gerilimde birlikte hareket eden kesimlerin dini unsurlar\u0131 da askeri unsurlara dahil etmelerine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/news-en\/Two-years-on-from-autocephaly-of-Ukrainian-Orthodox-Church–51870.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Balkan devletleri sadece ekonomik ve siyasi g\u00fcvenlik ar\u0131yor. Balkanlar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmek isteyenler ise \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sunuyor. Ekonomi, askeri ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler \u015fekillendirilirken din ve kiliseler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":3147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[61,2,69],"tags":[398,396,82,1606,399,1607,787,1609],"yoast_head":"\nBalkanlarda Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/balkanlarda-pandoranin-kutusu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Balkanlarda Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Balkan devletleri sadece ekonomik ve siyasi g\u00fcvenlik ar\u0131yor. 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Lisans e\\u011fitimini Ankara \\u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\\u00fcltesi\\u2019nde, Y\\u00fcksek Lisans ve Doktora derecesini yine Ankara \\u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\\u00fcltesi\\u2019nde Kamu Hukuku alan\\u0131nda tamamlam\\u0131\\u015ft\\u0131r. Uzmanl\\u0131k alan\\u0131; Balkanlar, K\\u0131br\\u0131s, Etnik Sorunlar, Soyk\\u0131r\\u0131m Hukuku, Az\\u0131nl\\u0131k Haklar\\u0131, G\\u00f6\\u00e7 ve \\u0130ltica, Teostrateji Kapsam\\u0131nda Ortodoksluk, Ortodoks D\\u00fcnya ve Patrikhaneler olan Ya\\u015f\\u0131n \\u0130ngilizce ve Almanca bilmektedir. Bug\\u00fcne Kadar \\u00e7al\\u0131\\u015ft\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 Yerler: \\u2022 21. 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