{"id":12825,"date":"2021-04-06T19:30:13","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T16:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=12825"},"modified":"2021-04-06T22:59:12","modified_gmt":"2021-04-06T19:59:12","slug":"turkceye-dair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turkceye-dair\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye dair"},"content":{"rendered":"

*Bu yaz\u0131, Ahmet Bican Ercilasun\u2019un <\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrk Dili Temel Kitab\u0131-Herkes \u0130\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Dili” <\/em><\/p>\n

adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan iktibas edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye dair<\/p><\/div>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu 220.111.094\u2019t\u00fcr.
\nYukar\u0131daki say\u0131da, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Uygur T\u00fcrkleri hakk\u0131nda \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin verdi\u011fi resm\u00ee n\u00fcfus bilgisi esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Uygurlar, \u00c7in\u2019in verdi\u011fi resm\u00ee say\u0131y\u0131 kabul etmezler. Onlara g\u00f6re Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 20.000.000 \u2013 25.000.000\u2019dur. Bu say\u0131lar\u0131 esas al\u0131rsak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu 230.039.700 \u2013 235.039.700 olur.
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ana dillerini konu\u015fanlar\u0131n hatta bilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Ancak bunlar, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 zaten \u00e7ok az olan T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki toplam say\u0131y\u0131 fazla etkilemezler. Ayr\u0131ca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 2000\u2019li veya 2010\u2019lu verilere, say\u0131mlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n 10-20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fcnyada T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu yuvarlak hesap 220.000.000 olarak ifade edebiliriz. Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin verdi\u011fi n\u00fcfusu esas al\u0131rsak bu say\u0131 yuvarlak hesap 230.000.000 veya 235.000.000 olur.
\nToplam n\u00fcfus hakk\u0131ndaki bu bilgilerden sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kollar\u0131na ve onlar\u0131n yay\u0131lma alanlar\u0131yla n\u00fcfuslar\u0131na ge\u00e7ebiliriz.
\nT\u00fcrkl\u00fck Bilimi (T\u00fcrkoloji) d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk\u00e7e alt\u0131 kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r: 1. G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 (O\u011fuz) 2. G\u00fcney-Do\u011fu (Karluk) 3. Kuzey-Bat\u0131 (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) 4. Kuzey-Do\u011fu (Sibirya) 5. \u00c7uva\u015f 6. Hala\u00e7.<\/p>\n

1.G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 (O\u011fuz) Kolu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin G\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 (O\u011fuz) kolunda, d\u00f6rt yaz\u0131 dili vard\u0131r: 1. T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 2. Gagavuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 3. Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 4. T\u00fcrkmen T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi. Her birinin co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\nG\u00fcney-Bat\u0131 (O\u011fuz) koluna giren T\u00fcrklerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131 son verilere g\u00f6re 146.813.190\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1.1.T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. Bu iki \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde bulunan Irak, Suriye, Ah\u0131ska (G\u00fcrcistan), Bat\u0131 Trakya (Yunanistan), Bulgaristan, Romanya, Kuzey Makedonya ve Kosova\u2019da da T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nYunanistan T\u00fcrklerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019da ya\u015far. Bat\u0131 Trakya, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda, Karasu \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 ile Meri\u00e7 \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunan b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrkleri, bu b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fc\u00e7 ilde yer alan Dedea\u011fa\u00e7, G\u00fcm\u00fclcine, \u0130ske\u00e7e \u015fehirlerinde ve k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Bat\u0131 Trakya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Rodos ve \u0130stank\u00f6y adalar\u0131nda da birka\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri iki b\u00f6lgede yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1. G\u00fcney\u2019de, Yunanistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n Rodop Da\u011flar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde 2. Kuzey-Do\u011fu Bulgaristan\u2019da. Rodoplar b\u00f6lgesindeki K\u0131rcaali \u015fehri, en \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirdir. K\u0131rcaali\u2019ye kom\u015fu olan Filibe ve Hask\u00f6y \u015fehirlerinde de T\u00fcrkler ya\u015far. Kuzey-Do\u011fu Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrklerin en yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehir Razgrad\u2019d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki Silistre, \u015eumnu, Eskicuma, Rus\u00e7uk ve Dobruca ile daha g\u00fcneyde, T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Burgaz \u015fehirlerinde de T\u00fcrkler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkent Sofya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk de vard\u0131r.
\nRomanya T\u00fcrkleri, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Dobruca b\u00f6lgesinin Romanya\u2019da kalan k\u0131sm\u0131nda, buradaki K\u00f6stence \u015fehrinde ya\u015farlar. K\u00f6stence\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Tul\u00e7a \u015fehri ile B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019te ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler de vard\u0131r.
\nKuzey Makedonya T\u00fcrklerinin kalabal\u0131k olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirler; \u00dcsk\u00fcp, Gostivar, Merkez Jupa, Ustrumca ve Struga\u2019d\u0131r. Bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; Vrap\u00e7i\u015fte, Debre, K\u0131r\u00e7ova, Ohri, Radovi\u015f, Kalkandelen, Resne, Manast\u0131r, Valandova \u015fehir ve belediyelerinde de T\u00fcrkler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Merkez Jupa ile Vrap\u00e7i\u015fte\u2019de T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu birinci s\u0131rada; Ustrumca, Radovi\u015f, Resne ve Valandova\u2019da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu ikinci s\u0131radad\u0131r.
\nKosova T\u00fcrklerinin en kalabal\u0131k olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer Prizren \u015fehri ve buraya ba\u011fl\u0131 Mamu\u015fa k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr. Prizren d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkent Pri\u015ftine\u2019de ve Gilan, V\u0131\u00e7\u0131t\u0131r\u0131n, Mitrovi\u00e7a, Dobur\u00e7an, Yanova ve \u0130pek \u015fehirlerinde de T\u00fcrkler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\nIrak T\u00fcrkleri\/T\u00fcrkmenleri, Irak\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya do\u011fru geni\u015f bir yay \u00e7izen ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Bedre \u015fehrinde sona eren T\u00fcrkmeneli b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Buradaki en \u00f6nemli ve tarih\u00ee T\u00fcrkmen \u015fehri Kerk\u00fck\u2019t\u00fcr. Irak T\u00fcrkleri, Kerk\u00fck ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f gibidir; bu sebeple T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kerk\u00fck T\u00fcrkleri olarak da an\u0131l\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrklerin \/ T\u00fcrkmenlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fehirler, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru; Dahuk, Telafer, Musul, Erbil, Altunk\u00f6pr\u00fc, Kerk\u00fck, Tazehurmatu, Tuzhurmatu, Kifri, Karatepe, Hanekin, Diyala, Mendeli ve Bedre\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015fmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok Irak T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc de vard\u0131r.
\nIrak T\u00fcrklerinin konu\u015fma dilleri, Azerbaycan a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na yak\u0131nd\u0131r ancak yaz\u0131 dili olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini kullan\u0131rlar. Alfabeleri de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki alfabe ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 1997\u2019ye kadar Arap alfabesini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nSuriye T\u00fcrkleri\/T\u00fcrkmenleri, Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Halep, Hama, Humus, Rakka ile Hatay\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Lazkiye \u015fehirlerinde ve bu \u015fehirlere ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fczlerce k\u00f6yde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Lazkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayanlara \u201cBay\u0131r Bucak T\u00fcrkleri\/T\u00fcrkmenleri\u201d de denilmektedir. Ba\u015fkent \u015eam\u2019da da pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Suriye\u2019nin g\u00fcneyindeki Kuneytra b\u00f6lgesinde de Golan T\u00fcrkmenleri ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Suriye\u2019de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fma dili olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir; yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.
\nAh\u0131ska T\u00fcrklerinin ana vatan\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yer alan ve Posof\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olan Ah\u0131ska b\u00f6lgesidir. Buradaki T\u00fcrkler 1944\u2019te Stalin taraf\u0131ndan \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Kazakistan Cumhuriyetlerine s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fler; bir daha \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nememi\u015flerdir. \u015eu anda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131rlar.
\nT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi kullanan topluluklar\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:
\nT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti : 89.654.997
\nKuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti : 326.000 (2017 verileri)
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri : 747.000 (2011 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nYunanistan T\u00fcrkleri : 150.000 (2010 verileri)
\nKuzey Makedonya T\u00fcrkleri : 77.959 (2002 verileri)
\nRomanya T\u00fcrkleri : 32.098 (2002 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKosova T\u00fcrkleri : 18.738 (2011 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nIrak T\u00fcrkleri : 2.500.000 (2020 \u2013 tahmin\u00ee)
\nSuriye T\u00fcrkleri : 925.379 (2019 \u2013 tahmin\u00ee)
\nAh\u0131ska T\u00fcrkleri : 446.000
\nT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 94.878.171<\/p>\n

1.2.Gagavuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gagavuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Gagavuz Yeri\u2019nin (Gagauzya\u2019n\u0131n) \u00fc\u00e7 resm\u00ee dilinden biridir. Gagavuz Yeri, Moldova Cumhuriyetinin Bucak y\u00f6resinde bulunan \u00f6zerk bir b\u00f6lgedir.
\nGagavuzlar, \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgedeki Komrat, \u00c7ad\u0131r, Valkane\u015f \u015fehirleriyle Avdarma, Ba\u015fk\u00f6y, Baur\u00e7u, Be\u015falma, \u00c7e\u015fmek\u00f6y gibi 30 kadar k\u00f6y ve kasabada ya\u015farlar. Moldova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Ki\u015finev\u2019de de Gagavuzlar vard\u0131r (\u00d6zkan 2014: 159, 161).
\nGagavuzca, 1959-1993 aras\u0131nda Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Gagavuz Yeri, 1993\u2019te Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nGagavuz Yeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ukrayna, T\u00fcrkiye ve Rusya\u2019da da Gagavuzlar vard\u0131r. Beyaz Rusya, Balt\u0131k \u00fclkeleri, Romanya ve Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Gagavuzlar ise \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.
\nGagavuzlar\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:
\nGagavuz Yerinde (Moldova) : 126.010 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nUkrayna Gagavuzlar\u0131 : 31.923 (2001 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de : 15.000 (tahmin\u00ee)
\nRusya\u2019da : 13.690 (2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nDi\u011fer : 434
\nGagavuz T\u00fcrkleri (toplam) : 187.057<\/p>\n

1.3.Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. Burada yaz\u0131 ve konu\u015fma dili olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce Kiril alfabesini kullanan Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti 25 Aral\u0131k 1991\u2019de Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyetinde de resm\u00ee dil stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedir.
\nBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti, Azerbaycan \u00fclkesinin, Aras\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Azerbaycan \u00fclkesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Aras \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran idari yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na g\u00f6re alt\u0131 ost\u00e2ndan (eyaletten) olu\u015fur: Do\u011fu Azerbaycan, Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan, Erdebil, Hemedan, Zencan, Kazvin. Ancak bu alt\u0131 eyaletin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Tahran\u2019da da pek \u00e7ok G\u00fcney Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 tahminen 30.000.000\u2019dur. Kendi aralar\u0131nda genellikle Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle konu\u015furlar. \u0130ran anayasas\u0131nda \u0130ran vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ana dillerinde e\u011fitim yapma hakk\u0131 bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0130ran\u2019da Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle hen\u00fcz e\u011fitim yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkler kendi dillerinde e\u011fitim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, yay\u0131nlar ve g\u00f6steriler yoluyla yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde dile getirmektedirler. G\u00fcney Azerbaycan\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, yaz\u0131 dili olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yaz\u0131 dilinin alfabesi Arap harflerine dayan\u0131r.
\n\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Fars ost\u00e2n\u0131nda (eyaletinde), \u015eiraz \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan Ka\u015fkay T\u00fcrklerinin konu\u015fma dili olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 dil de Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin bir a\u011fz\u0131d\u0131r. Kirman eyaletindeki Sungur \u015fehrinde ya\u015fayan Sungur T\u00fcrkleri de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine d\u00e2hil olan bir a\u011f\u0131zla konu\u015furlar.
\n\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusundaki Razavi Horasan ve G\u00fcney Horasan eyaletlerinde ya\u015fayan Horasan T\u00fcrklerinin a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131, T\u00fcrkmence ile Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r.
\nKa\u015fkay ve Horasan T\u00fcrklerinin baz\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 son zamanlarda kendi dilleriyle edeb\u00ee eserler de yaz\u0131p yay\u0131mlamaktad\u0131rlar.
\nAzerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri ile Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine yak\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlarla konu\u015fan Ka\u015fkay ve Horasan T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:
\nAzerbaycan Cumhuriyeti : 10.119.148 (AD\u0130K \u2013 2020 verisi)
\nG\u00fcney Azerbaycan (\u0130ran) T\u00fcrkleri : 30.000.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nG\u00fcrcistan : 291.408 (01.01.2013 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonucunun % 6,5\u2019i)
\nRusya Federasyonu : 603.070 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nUkrayna : 45.200 (Ukrayna 2001 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKa\u015fkay T\u00fcrkleri (\u0130ran) : 2.000.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nHorasan T\u00fcrkleri (\u0130ran) : 1.500.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nAzerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 44.558.826<\/p>\n

1.4.T\u00fcrkmen T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkmence, T\u00fcrkmenistan Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. 2012 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 4.751.120\u2019dir; bu n\u00fcfusun % 85,6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenler olu\u015fturur. T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da T\u00fcrkmence yaz\u0131 ve konu\u015fma dili olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce Kiril alfabesini kullanan T\u00fcrkmenistan, 12 Nisan 1993\u2019te Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrkmenistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ran ve Afganistan\u2019da da \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrkmen ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran T\u00fcrkmenleri \u00fclkenin kuzeydo\u011fusundaki G\u00fclistan ve Kuzey Horasan eyaletlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkmenler bu b\u00f6lgeyi T\u00fcrkmensahra diye adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019da konu\u015fma dili olarak yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan T\u00fcrkmence, yayg\u0131n ve yo\u011fun olmamakla birlikte yaz\u0131 dili olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019daki T\u00fcrkmen yaz\u0131 dilinde Arap harfleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nAfganistan T\u00fcrkmenleri, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde (G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da) \u00f6zellikle Belh (Mezar\u0131\u015ferif \u015fehrinde), Kunduz, C\u00fczcan, Faryab, Herat ve Ba\u011flan vilayetlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Ba\u015fkent K\u00e2bil\u2019de de \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrkmen bulunmaktad\u0131r. Afganistan T\u00fcrkmenleri kendi aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmence konu\u015furlar. Yayg\u0131n olmamakla birlikte T\u00fcrkmence, Arap alfabesiyle yaz\u0131 dili olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nRusya Federasyonundaki T\u00fcrkmenler, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Stavropol vilayetinde ya\u015farlar. Bu sebeple onlara \u201cKafkasya veya Stavropol T\u00fcrkmenleri\u201d denir. Ayr\u0131ca Astrahan oblast\u0131n\u0131n Atal k\u00f6y\u00fc de bir T\u00fcrkmen k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde, \u00f6zellikle Moskova\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmenler de vard\u0131r.
\n\u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Sal\u0131rlar\u0131n dili de T\u00fcrkmenceye yak\u0131n bir a\u011f\u0131zd\u0131r. Sal\u0131rlar \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u00c7inhay eyaletiyle Kansu eyaletinin Sal\u0131r \u00f6zerk il\u00e7elerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan az say\u0131da Sal\u0131r da vard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkmenlerle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nT\u00fcrkmenistan Cumhuriyetinde : 4.066.959 (2012 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\n\u0130ran T\u00fcrkmenleri : 2.000.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nAfganistan T\u00fcrkmenleri : 954.685 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndaki toplam n\u00fcfusun %3\u2019\u00fc)
\nRusya Federasyonu : 36.885 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nSal\u0131r T\u00fcrkleri : 130.607 (2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nT\u00fcrkmence (toplam) : 7.189.136<\/p>\n

2.G\u00fcney-Do\u011fu (Karluk) Kolu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin G\u00fcney-Do\u011fu (Karluk) kolunda iki yaz\u0131 dili vard\u0131r: 1. \u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 2. Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi.
\nG\u00fcney-Do\u011fu (Karluk) koluna giren T\u00fcrklerin son verilere g\u00f6re toplam say\u0131s\u0131 40.332.302\u2019dir. Ancak bu n\u00fcfus, Uygurlar i\u00e7in \u00c7in resm\u00ee makamlar\u0131nca verilen say\u0131ya dayanmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Uygurlar\u0131n verdikleri say\u0131lar esas al\u0131n\u0131rsa G\u00fcney-Do\u011fu koluna giren T\u00fcrklerin toplam n\u00fcfusu 50.260.908 veya 55.260.908 olur.
\n\u00d6zbek ve Uygurlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

2.1.\u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zbek\u00e7e \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. \u00d6zbekistan Devlet \u0130statistik Komitesinin 2020 verilerine g\u00f6re \u00d6zbekistan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 33.905.800\u2019d\u00fcr; bu n\u00fcfusun % 71,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc \u00d6zbekler olu\u015fturur. \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da \u00d6zbek\u00e7e hem konu\u015fma hem yaz\u0131 dili olarak etkin bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce Kiril alfabesini kullanan \u00d6zbekistan, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n\u00d6zbekistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da milyonlarca \u00d6zbek ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Afganistan n\u00fcfusunun % 9\u2019unu olu\u015fturan \u00d6zbekler, Pe\u015ftun ve Taciklerden sonra \u00fclkenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck toplulu\u011fudur. Afganistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde (G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da), Faryab, C\u00fczcan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Ba\u011flan, Kunduz, Belh (\u00f6zellikle Mezar\u0131\u015ferif\u2019te), Semengan, Sar-i Pul ve Tahar vilayetlerinde ya\u015farlar. Ba\u015fkent K\u00e2bil\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f \u00d6zbekler de vard\u0131r. Afanistan\u2019da \u00d6zbek\u00e7e, Arap alfabesiyle yaz\u0131 dili olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Tacikistan, Kazakistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan \u00d6zbekleri, \u00d6zbek\u00e7eyi konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131 dili olarak kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Yaz\u0131 dilleri \u00d6zbekistan\u2019daki gibidir.
\n\u00d6zbeklerle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n\u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyetinde : 24.208.741 (\u00d6D\u0130K 2020 verisinin % 71,4\u2019\u00fc)
\nAfganistan \u00d6zbekleri : 2.864.056 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndaki toplam n\u00fcfusun
\n% 9\u2019u)
\nTacikistan \u00d6zbekleri : 842.800 (2012 say\u0131m\u0131ndaki toplam n\u00fcfusun % 9,8\u2019i)
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan \u00d6zbekleri : 836.065 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\nKazakistan \u00d6zbekleri : 542.625 (KD\u0130K 2020 verisinin % 2,9\u2019u)
\nRusya Federasyonu : 289. 862 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\nT\u00fcrkmenistan \u00d6zbekleri : 275.565 (2012 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\n\u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 29.859.714<\/p>\n

2.2.Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygurca, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Uygurlar\u0131n resm\u00ee dilidir. Uygur yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih\u00ee d\u00f6nem Uygurcas\u0131yla (Eski Uygurca) kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek \u00fczere T\u00fcrkoloji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda Yeni Uygurca, Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi terimleri de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nUygur, Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, \u00c7in idari yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u201c\u015einca\u014b Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Uygurlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan verilen resm\u00ee say\u0131lar, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da ya\u015fayan Uygurlarca kabul edilmez. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da T\u00fcrkler, \u00f6zellikle Uygur T\u00fcrkleri \u00fclkenin esas n\u00fcfusunu olu\u015ftururken son on y\u0131llarda uygulanan \u00c7inli yerle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 sonucu, T\u00fcrklerin kendi \u00fclkelerindeki n\u00fcfus oran\u0131, yar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nUygur T\u00fcrkleri 1930\u2019lara kadar Arap harfli \u00c7a\u011fatay yaz\u0131 dilini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1930\u2019larda Urum\u00e7i a\u011fz\u0131na dayanan merkez\u00ee \u015five, yaz\u0131 dili h\u00e2line getirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap alfabesi 1956\u2019ya kadar devam etmi\u015f, 1956-1983 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce Kiril sonra Latin alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1983\u2019te yeniden Arap alfabesine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir (Yaz\u0131c\u0131 Ersoy 2007: 360). Bug\u00fcn de kullan\u0131lan bu alfabe, tarih\u00ee \u00c7a\u011fatay imlas\u0131na de\u011fil, merkez\u00ee \u015fivenin fonetik \u00f6zelliklerine dayan\u0131r.
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda en \u00e7ok Uygur\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke Kazakistan\u2019d\u0131r. \u00d6zbekistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da da \u00e7ok say\u0131da Uygur vard\u0131r. Kazakistan, \u00d6zbekistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019daki Uygurlar da Yeni Uygur yaz\u0131 dilini kullan\u0131rlar. Ancak onlar\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Arap alfabesiyle de\u011fil Kiril alfabesiyledir.
\nKansu vilayetinin Sunan Yugur \u00d6zerk \u0130l\u00e7esinde ya\u015fayan Budist Sar\u0131 Uygurlar da Yeni Uygurcan\u0131n bir a\u011fz\u0131yla konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Ancak dillerini konu\u015fabilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 5.000\u2019in alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7in resm\u00ee makamlar\u0131 Sar\u0131 Uygurlar\u0131, Yugur olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r ve Uygurlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kabul eder.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 30.000 \u2013 50.000 Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla Uygurca konu\u015furlar.
\nUygurlarla ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyetinde : 10.071.394 (\u00c7in\u2019in 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 resm\u00ee verisi)
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Uygurlara g\u00f6re : 20.000.000 \u2013 25.000.000
\nKazakistan Uygurlar\u0131 : 261.957 (KD\u0130K 2020 verisinin % 1,4\u2019\u00fc)
\n\u00d6zbekistan Uygurlar\u0131 : 67.811 (\u00d6D\u0130K 2020 verisinin % 0,2\u2019si)
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan Uygurlar\u0131 : 52.456 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\nRusya Federasyonu : 3.696 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re)
\nKanada : 1.555 (2016 verilerine g\u00f6re)
\nKansu eyaletinde (Sar\u0131 Uygurlar) : 13.719 (2000 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nYeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 10.472.588
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Uygurlar\u0131n verdi\u011fi say\u0131lar esas al\u0131n\u0131nca: 20.401.194 \u2013 25.401.194<\/p>\n

3. Kuzey-Bat\u0131 (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) Kolu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Kuzey-Bat\u0131 (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) kolunda on yaz\u0131 dili vard\u0131r: 1. Kazan Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 2. Ba\u015fkurt T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 3. K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 4. Karay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 5. Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 6. Kumuk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 7. Nogay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 8. Karakalpak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 9. Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 10. K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi. Kuzey-Bat\u0131 (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) koluna giren T\u00fcrklerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131 toplam 30.568.175.<\/p>\n

3.1. Kazan Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tatarca, Rusya Federasyonundaki Tataristan Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dillerinden biridir. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Tataristan Cumhuriyetinin n\u00fcfusu 3.786.488\u2019dir. Bu n\u00fcfusun 2.012.571\u2019i Tatar\u2019d\u0131r. 1.000.000 kadar Tatar T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc de Ba\u015fkurdistan\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Tataristan ve Ba\u015fkurdistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Tatarlar Rusya Federasyonunun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 100.000\u2019den fazla Tatar\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler \u015funlard\u0131r: T\u00fcmen, \u00c7elyabinsk, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk oblastlar\u0131, Moskova, Orenburg oblast\u0131, Perm kray\u0131, Samara oblast\u0131, Udmurt Cumhuriyeti, Hanti-Mansi okrugu. Moskova hari\u00e7 bunlar\u0131n tamam\u0131, Tataristan \u00e7evresinde ve Ural b\u00f6lgesindedir.
\nAsl\u0131nda Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk ve T\u00fcmen oblastlar\u0131 Bat\u0131 Sibirya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve Bat\u0131 Sibirya, tarih\u00ee Tatar yurdudur. Bu sebeple bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklere Bat\u0131 Sibirya Tatarlar\u0131 denir (Alkaya 2008: 22).
\nYukar\u0131 Ural b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Nogaybaklar da H\u0131ristiyan Tatarlard\u0131r. Rusya Federasyonu 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Tatarlardan ayr\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nRusya Federasyonu\u2019ndaki T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dillerinden biri olan Tatarca i\u00e7in Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nRusya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede de Tatarlar vard\u0131r: Ukrayna, \u00d6zbekistan, Kazakistan, Beyaz Rusya, Litvanya, Polonya, Finlandiya, \u00c7in, ABD, T\u00fcrkiye\u2026 Litvanya ve Polonya\u2019da ya\u015fayan birka\u00e7 bin Tatar, dillerini unutmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nUral b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan Nijninovgorod vilayetindeki Mi\u015fer k\u00f6ylerinden 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131yla 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Finlandiya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp yerle\u015fen Tatarlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 850 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r; Helsinki, Tampere ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyindeki baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerde oturmaktad\u0131rlar. Yaz kurslar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na Tatar ve T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7elerini \u00f6\u011fretmektedirler.
\n19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131yla 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a gidip yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Tatarlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 7.000\u2019i ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Man\u00e7urya, Kore ve Japonya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan Kazan Tatarlar\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra bu \u00fclkelerden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ve ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir (D\u00fcndar 2008: 38-39, 94; Devlet 2018: 41). D\u00fcndar\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cTokyo\u2019da h\u00e2len yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 kadar Tatar ikamet etmektedir.\u201d (D\u00fcndar 2008: 94).
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kazan Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfusu, 2014 itibariyle, Nadir Devlet\u2019e g\u00f6re 25.500\u2019d\u00fcr (Devlet 2018: 16). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kazan Tatarlar\u0131 yaz\u0131 dili olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini kullan\u0131rlar. Kendi aralar\u0131nda Tatarca konu\u015furlar.
\nKazan Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nTataristan Cumhuriyetinde : 2.012.571 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nBa\u015fkurdistan Cumhuriyetinde : 1.009.295 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer yerlerinde : 2.288.783 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nNogaybaklar : 8.148 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da : 668.000
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 273.000
\nUkrayna\u2019da : 68.800
\nT\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da : 62.300
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da : 31.900
\nAzerbaycan\u2019da : 26.500
\nTacikistan\u2019da : 21.900
\nBeyaz Rusya\u2019da : 12.700
\nABD\u2019de : 10.800
\n\u00c7in\u2019de : 7.760
\nPolonya\u2019da : 4.990
\nG\u00fcrcistan\u2019da : 3.300
\nLetonya\u2019da : 3.120
\nLitvanya\u2019da : 3.050
\nMoldova\u2019da : 2.780
\nEstonya\u2019da : 2.600
\nFinlandiya\u2019da : 850
\nKanada\u2019da : 640
\nErmenistan\u2019da : 520
\nAfganistan\u2019da : 500
\nAvustralya\u2019da : 500
\nKazan Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi toplam : 6.525.307<\/p>\n

3.2. Ba\u015fkurt T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkurt\u00e7a, Ba\u015fkurdistan Cumhuriyetinin iki resm\u00ee dilinden biridir. Ba\u015fkurtlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ba\u015fkurdistan\u2019da ya\u015far. Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun Ba\u015fkurdistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6zellikle \u0130dil \u2013 Ural\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fkurdistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerinde ve Moskova\u2019da da bir hayli Ba\u015fkurt ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130dil \u2013 Ural b\u00f6lgesindeki T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dillerinden biri olan Ba\u015fkurt\u00e7a i\u00e7in Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nBa\u015fkurt\u00e7a ile ilgileri n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.
\nBa\u015fkurdistan\u2019da : 1.172.287
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer yerlerinde : 412.267
\nBa\u015fkurt T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi toplam : 1.584.554<\/p>\n

3.3. K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi; K\u0131r\u0131m, \u00d6zbekistan, Romanya, Tacikistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Rusya ve Kazakistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131 dili olarak kullan\u0131lan bir dildir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan K\u0131r\u0131m as\u0131ll\u0131 Tatar T\u00fcrkleri, yaz\u0131 dili olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini kullan\u0131rlar. K\u00f6ylerde toplu olarak ya\u015fayanlar ve \u015fehirlerdeki baz\u0131 aileler kendi aralar\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle konu\u015furlar.
\nK\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7aklar, K\u0131r\u0131m yar\u0131madas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Musevilerdir. Hazar, K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve \u201cCeneviz kaynakl\u0131 Musevi\u201d unsurlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u201cO\u011fuz \u00f6zellikleri daha bask\u0131n olan bir K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.\u201d (\u00d6zkan 2014: 195).
\nK\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.
\nK\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da : 248.200 (Ukrayna 2001 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da : 156.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nRomanya\u2019da : 20.464 (2011 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nRusya\u2019da : 2.449 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nBulgaristan\u2019da : 1.367 (2011 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nTacikistan\u2019da : 9.600
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da : 3.600
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 1.100
\nK\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7aklar : 500 (tahmin\u00ee)
\nK\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 443.280<\/p>\n

3.4. Karay \/ Karayim T\u00fcrk\u00e7es<\/strong>i<\/p>\n

Karayca, Musevili\u011fin Karay \/ Karayim mezhebine mensup olan T\u00fcrklerin dilidir; \u201ctehlikedeki diller\u201d aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Karayca bilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131, 50\u2019yi ge\u00e7mez. Unutulmu\u015f olan Karaycay\u0131 canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in son zamanlarda baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmakta ve Karayca baz\u0131 eserler yay\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azalm\u0131\u015f bulunan Karaylarla ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.
\nUkrayna\u2019da (\u00e7o\u011funlukla K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da) : 1.200
\nRusya\u2019da : 680
\nLitvanya\u2019da : 230
\nPolonya\u2019da : 50
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de : 50
\nKaray T\u00fcrkleri (toplam) : 2.210<\/p>\n

3.5. Kara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyetinde ya\u015fayan Kara\u00e7aylarla, Kabardin-Balkar Cumhuriyetinde ya\u015fayan Malkarlar\u0131n resm\u00ee dilidir; yaz\u0131 ve konu\u015fma dili olarak kullan\u0131lan Kara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nKara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkarlar kendilerini Tavlu (Da\u011fl\u0131), dillerini Tav til \/ Tav\u00e7a (Da\u011f dili \/ Da\u011fca) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Kara\u00e7aylar, Elbruz Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Kuban ve Teberdi \u0131rmaklar\u0131 vadisinde; Malkarlar, ayn\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Bashan, \u00c7egem, Holam, B\u0131z\u0131ng\u0131 ve Malkar vadilerinde ya\u015farlar (Tavkul 2007: 886-887).
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, Eski\u015fehir, Afyonkarahisar, Konya ve Tokat k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan Kara\u00e7ay ve Malkar T\u00fcrkleri de vard\u0131r. K\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayanlar kendi aralar\u0131nda Kara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi konu\u015furlar.
\nKara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin n\u00fcfus bilgileri \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\nKara\u00e7aylar : 218.403 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nMalkarlar : 112.924 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKara\u00e7ay \u2013 Malkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 331.327<\/p>\n

3.6. Kumuk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kumuk\u00e7a, Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyetinde ya\u015fayan Kumuklar\u0131n resm\u00ee dilidir. Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n orta b\u00f6lgesindeki Hasavyurt, Babayurt, K\u0131z\u0131lyurt, Kayakent gibi k\u00f6y ve kasabalarda ya\u015fayan Kumuklar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Maha\u00e7kala olmak \u00fczere \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Rusya\u2019daki 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Kumuklar, Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n toplam 2.910.249 olan n\u00fcfusunun % 14,9\u2019unu olu\u015ftururlar; n\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avarlar ve Darginlerden sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rlar.
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131stan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n Gudermes \u015fehriyle, Kuzey Osetya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki Mozdok \u015fehrinde de Kumuklar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131stan, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan ve Kuzey Osetya\u2019da Kumuk\u00e7a, yaz\u0131 ve konu\u015fma dili olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kumuk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de Tokat, \u00c7orum, Sivas, Yozgat, \u00c7anakkale, Bal\u0131kesir, Bursa ve Denizli\u2019de 25 Kumuk k\u00f6y\u00fc vard\u0131r (Karata\u015f \u2013 Arbatl\u0131 2015: 117). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kumuklar yaz\u0131 dili olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini kullan\u0131rlar. K\u00f6ylerde toplu olarak ya\u015fayanlar kendi aralar\u0131nda Kumuk\u00e7a konu\u015furlar.
\nKumuk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nDa\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da : 431.736 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da : 51.221 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKuzey Osetya\u2019da : 20.103
\nUkrayna\u2019da : 718
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 481
\nBeyaz Rusya\u2019da : 360
\nKumuk T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 504.619<\/p>\n

3.7. Nogay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nogayca, Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyeti ile Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyetinde ya\u015fayan Nogaylar\u0131n resm\u00ee dilidir. Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019daki Nogay, K\u0131z\u0131lyar, Babayurt, Hasavyurt kasaba ve \u015fehirlerinde; Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyetindeki Erkenyurt, Adilhalk, K\u0131z\u0131lyurt, Kubanhalk, K\u0131z\u0131ltogay yerle\u015fim birimlerinde, \u00c7erkesk \u015fehri ile Erken-\u015eahar rayonunda ya\u015farlar. \u00c7e\u00e7enistan Cumhuriyetinin \u015eelkov ve Astarhan yerle\u015fim birimleri ile Kafkasya\u2019daki Stavropol kray\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131kulak, Koyasula kasabalar\u0131nda da Nogaylar vard\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u015eerefliko\u00e7hisar ve Kulu\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Nogay k\u00f6yleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrkleriyle birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ve Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Kuban b\u00f6lgesinden gelen Nogaylar ise Eski\u015fehir, Afyon, Bal\u0131kesir, Adana ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok ildeki k\u00f6ylere yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. K\u00f6ylerde toplu h\u00e2lde ya\u015fayanlar kendi aralar\u0131nda Nogay a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131yla konu\u015furlar.
\nNogay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nDa\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da : 40.407 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyetinde : 15.654 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da : 3.444 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nRusya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer yerlerinde : 44.155
\nRusya Federasyonunda toplam : 103.660<\/p>\n

3.8. Karakalpak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karakalpak\u00e7a, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Karakalpak \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. Vikipedi\u2019nin \u201cKarakalpakistan\u201d maddesine g\u00f6re \u00fclkede 400.000 \u00d6zbek ve 300.000 Kazak da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r (eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.07.2020). Ceyhun Vedat Uygur\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re \u201cKarakalpakistan\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 33\u2019\u00fc Karakalpak, % 33\u2019\u00fc \u00d6zbek, % 27\u2019si Kazak, % 5\u2019i T\u00fcrkmen, % 1,5\u2019i Rus\u2019tur.\u201d (Uygur 2010: XIX). Daha \u00f6nce Kiril alfabesini kullanan Karakalpaklar 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Latin alfabesini kabul etmi\u015flerdir.
\nKarakalpak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nKarakalpakistan\u2019da : 712.021
\nT\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019da : 5.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 5.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nRusya Federasyonunda : 1.466 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKarakalpak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 723.487<\/p>\n

3.9. Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kazak\u00e7a, Kazakistan Cumhuriyetinin devlet dilidir. Kazak\u00e7a, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ile Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7inde yer alan Altay Cumhuriyetinde de resm\u00ee dil stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahiptir.
\nKazakistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fta Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Rusya ve Mo\u011folistan olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede de Kazaklar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Kazaklar, \u0130li Kazak \u00d6zerk Vilayeti ile Tarbagatay ve Altay vilayetlerinde, Kumul vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 Bark\u00f6l \u00d6zerk \u0130l\u00e7esinde, Sanc\u0131 Hui \u00d6zerk Vilayetine ba\u011fl\u0131 Mori Kazak \u00d6zerk \u0130l\u00e7esinde ya\u015farlar. Ba\u015fkent Urum\u00e7i\u2019de de Kazaklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Kansu eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 Aksay Kazak \u00d6zerk \u0130l\u00e7esinde de Kazaklar ya\u015far (Vikipedi, \u201c\u00c7in Kazaklar\u0131\u201d maddesi, eri\u015fim: 14.07.2020).
\nMo\u011folistan Kazaklar\u0131, \u00fclkenin en bat\u0131s\u0131nda ve Altay da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusunda bulunan Bayan \u00d6lgiy vilayetinde ya\u015farlar. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fkent Ulanbator\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Nalayh il\u00e7esi de Kazaklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir il\u00e7edir.
\nKazakistan Cumhuriyeti, Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7me karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak hen\u00fcz s\u00fcre\u00e7 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yay\u0131nlar Kiril alfabesiyle devam etmektedir. \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Mo\u011folistan\u2019da da Kazak\u00e7a i\u00e7in Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmektedir. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ise Arap harflerine dayal\u0131 fonetik bir alfabe kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 10.000 civar\u0131nda Kazak vard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli tarihlerde, bilhassa 1950\u2019lerin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan gelmi\u015flerdir. \u0130stanbul\u2019un G\u00fcne\u015flik\u00f6y ve Zeytunburnu semtleriyle Manisa\u2019n\u0131n Salihli il\u00e7esinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. 1982\u2019de Afganistan\u2019dan gelen Kazaklar da vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kazak T\u00fcrkleri kendi aralar\u0131nda Kazak\u00e7a konu\u015furlar.
\nKazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine ait n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nKazakistan Cumhuriyetinde : 11.806.767
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da : 1.460.000 (\u00c7in resm\u00ee verisi \u2013 2010)
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da : 1.390.137
\nRusya Federasyonunda : 647.732 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nMo\u011folistan\u2019da : 123.553 (The World Factbook \u2013 2020)
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da : 33.701 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nBat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde : 50.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nKazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 15.511.890<\/p>\n

3.10. K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zca, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan Cumhuriyetinin devlet dilidir. K\u0131rg\u0131zca, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyetinde ise resm\u00ee dil stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahiptir.
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fta \u00d6zbekistan, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan ve Rusya olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar vard\u0131r.
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019daki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Tacikistan\u2019a do\u011fru uzanan Fergana vadisinde, buradaki Andican, Fergana, Nemengan \u015fehirlerinde ve bu \u015fehirlere ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015farlar. Ba\u015fta Ta\u015fkent olmak \u00fczere, Semerkant, Cizzak gibi \u015fehirlerde de K\u0131rg\u0131zlar vard\u0131r.
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Tacikistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yak\u0131n olan K\u0131z\u0131lsu K\u0131rg\u0131z \u00d6zerk Vilayetinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.
\nT\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dillerinden biri olan K\u0131rg\u0131zca, Kiril harfleriyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ise Arap harflerine dayal\u0131 fonetik bir alfabe kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n Pamir b\u00f6lgesi K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131d\u0131r; 1982\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015flerdir; Van Erci\u015f il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Ulupamir k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Kendi aralar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zca konu\u015furlar. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 4.000\u2019e yak\u0131nd\u0131r.
\nK\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine ait n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nK\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da : 4.193.850 (2014 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da : 271.246
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da : 160.823 (\u00c7in resm\u00ee verisi \u2013 2000)
\nRusya Federasyonunda : 103.422 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nTacikistan\u2019da : 65.500
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 40.000
\nUkrayna\u2019da : 3.000
\nK\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 4.837.841<\/p>\n

4. Kuzey-Do\u011fu (Sibirya) Kolu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kuzey-Do\u011fu (Sibirya) koluna giren T\u00fcrklerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131 toplam 911.506\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4.1. Altay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Altay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Altay Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dillerinden biridir. Altay Cumhuriyeti, Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7indeki cumhuriyetlerden biridir; G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019da, Kazakistan ve Mo\u011folistan ile s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olan bir \u00fclkedir.
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleri, kuzeydeki Tuba, \u00c7alkandu, Kumand\u0131; g\u00fcneydeki Altay Ki\u015fi, Telengit ve Tele\u00fct boylar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur (G\u00fcner Dilek 2007: 1011). Rusya Federasyonu 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Kumand\u0131 ve Tele\u00fctler, Altay T\u00fcrklerinden ayr\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleri, Altay Cumhuriyetinde ya\u015farlar. Tele\u00fctler ise Altay Cumhuriyetiyle kuzeyde s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olan Kemerovo oblast\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.
\nAltay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleriyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleri : 74.238 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKumand\u0131lar : 2.892 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nTele\u00fctler : 2.643 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleri (toplam) : 79.773<\/p>\n

4.2. Hakas T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hakas\u00e7a, G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019daki Hakas Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dillerinden biridir. Hakas\u00e7a i\u00e7inde; Sagay, Beltir, Ka\u00e7in, Koybal, K\u0131z\u0131l ve \u015eor a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hakas Cumhuriyeti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u015eorlar\u0131n dili, son d\u00f6nem Sovyet T\u00fcrkolojisinde Hakas\u00e7adan ayr\u0131 bir dil (\u015eorca) olarak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r (Ar\u0131ko\u011flu 2011: 22). 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda da \u015eorlar ayr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 say\u0131mda ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen \u00c7ul\u0131mlar da Hakas\u00e7an\u0131n bir a\u011fz\u0131yla konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.
\nHakas Cumhuriyeti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Krasnoyarks kray\u0131 ile T\u0131va Cumhuriyetinde de Hakaslar vard\u0131r. \u015eorlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019daki Kemerovo oblast\u0131nda ya\u015farlar. Hakas ve Altay Cumhuriyetlerinde de \u015eorlar vard\u0131r. \u00c7ul\u0131mlar, Krasnoyarks kray\u0131nda ve Tomsk oblast\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.
\nMan\u00e7urya\u2019da, Harbin \u015fehrinin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan (Kasapo\u011flu \u00c7engel 2004: 89) Fu-y\u00fc K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 da Hakas\u00e7an\u0131n bir a\u011fz\u0131yla konu\u015furlar. Ancak bu dili konu\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn 20\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nHakas\u00e7a, Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nHakas T\u00fcrkleriyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nHakaslar : 72.959 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u015eorlar : 12.888 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\n\u00c7ul\u0131mlar : 355 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nFu-y\u00fc K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 : 1.200 (1997 tespiti)
\nHakas T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 87.402<\/p>\n

4.3. T\u0131va T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u0131vaca, T\u0131va Cumhuriyetinin resm\u00ee dilidir. T\u0131va Cumhuriyeti, Rusya Federasyonunda, G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019da, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olan bir \u00fclkedir.
\nT\u0131va T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n Bayan \u00d6lgiy vilayeti, Sengel il\u00e7esi ile Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Altay vilayetinde de konu\u015fulur. Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n H\u00f6vsg\u00f6l vilayetinin \u00c7aganur il\u00e7esinde ya\u015fayan az say\u0131daki Duha T\u00fcrkleri de T\u0131vacaya yak\u0131n bir dille konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130rkutsk oblast\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Tofalar\u0131n dili de T\u0131va T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin bir a\u011fz\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya Federasyonu 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Tofalar, T\u0131valardan ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\nSibirya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dillerinden biri olan T\u0131vaca Kiril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u0131valarla ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nT\u0131va Cumhuriyetinde : 249.299 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nMo\u011folistan Bayan \u00d6lgiy vilayetinde : 5.000 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nMo\u011folistan H\u00f6vsg\u00f6l vilayetindeki Duhalar : 800 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nDo\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Altay vilayetinde : 2.500 (tahmin\u00ee \u2013 2020)
\nTofalar : 762 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nT\u0131va T\u00fcrkleri (toplam) : 258.361<\/p>\n

4.4. Saha (Yakut) T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sahaca (Yakut\u00e7a), Saha (Yakutistan) Cumhuriyetinin iki resm\u00ee dilinden biridir. Saha Cumhuriyeti, Kuzey Sibirya\u2019da, Lena \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu ve bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki geni\u015f topraklarda Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ne kadar uzanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fclkedir. Kuzey Buz Denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Taymir yar\u0131madas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Dolganlar da Saha T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin bir a\u011fz\u0131 ile konu\u015furlar. Rusya Federasyonu 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Dolganlar, Sahalardan ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\nSibirya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dillerinden biri olan Sahaca i\u00e7in Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nSaha T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\nSahalar : 478.085 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nDolganlar : 7.885 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nSaha T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (toplam) : 485.970<\/p>\n

5.\u00c7uva\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7uva\u015f\u00e7a, \u0130dil \u2013 Ural b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00c7uva\u015fistan Cumhuriyetinin iki resm\u00ee dilinden biridir. Alfabe, Kiril kaynakl\u0131 \u00c7uva\u015f alfabesidir.
\n\u00c7uva\u015fistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Rusya Federasyonunun di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6zellikle Tataristan ve Ba\u015fkurdistan\u2019da da pek \u00e7ok \u00c7uva\u015f ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Rusya Federasyonu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00c7uva\u015flar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da 50.000\u2019den fazlad\u0131r.
\n\u00c7uva\u015flarla ilgili n\u00fcfus bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:
\n\u00c7uva\u015fistan\u2019da : 814.750 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nTataristan\u2019da : 116.252 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nBa\u015fkurdistan\u2019da : 107.450 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nRusya F.nin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde : 345.035 (Rusya F. 2010 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131)
\nKazakistan\u2019da : 22.305
\nUkrayna\u2019da : 10.593
\n\u00d6zbekistan\u2019da : 10.074
\nDi\u011fer \u00fclkelerde : 9.413
\n\u00c7uva\u015f T\u00fcrkleri (toplam) : 1.435.872<\/p>\n

6. Hala\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hala\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, \u201cTahran\u2019\u0131n 160 km. g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda Save, Kum, Erak ve Tefri\u015f illeri aras\u0131nda yer alan\u201d b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6ylerde konu\u015fulur. Cevat Heyet, Tel\u1e2bab, Va\u015fkan, Nadirabad, \u1e2aeltabad, Mansurabad, Feyzabad k\u00f6ylerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 verir (G\u00f6kda\u011f 2012: V). Sonel Bosnal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2012\u2019deki ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re iki k\u00f6yde sadece Hala\u00e7\u00e7a konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Hala\u00e7\u00e7an\u0131n da konu\u015fuldu\u011fu 13 k\u00f6y ise iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 dillidir (G\u00f6kda\u011f \u2013 Do\u011fan 2016: 184, 186). Son y\u0131llarda Hala\u00e7 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, Arap alfabesine dayal\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 dili olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7indedirler.
\nHala\u00e7lar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu : 50.049
\n***
\nYukar\u0131daki n\u00fcfus bilgilerini yuvarlak hesaba tamamlamak ve kendi i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131nda daha ak\u0131lda kal\u0131c\u0131 ve genel bir fikir verebilir.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 10 milyondan fazla olan T\u00fcrkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri : 95 milyon
\nAzerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri : 45 milyon
\n\u00d6zbek T\u00fcrkleri : 30 milyon
\nKazak T\u00fcrkleri : 15,5 milyon
\nUygur T\u00fcrkleri : 10 milyon (veya 20-25 milyon)<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 5-10 milyon aras\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkmenler : 7 milyon
\nKazan Tatar T\u00fcrkleri : 6,5 milyon
\nK\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrkleri : 5 milyon<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 1-2 milyon aras\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkurt T\u00fcrkleri : 1,5 milyon
\n\u00c7uva\u015f T\u00fcrkleri : 1,5 milyon<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 500.000 \u2013 1.000.000 aras\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karakalpak T\u00fcrkleri : 750.000
\nK\u0131r\u0131m Tatar T\u00fcrkleri : 500.000
\nKumuk T\u00fcrkleri : 500.000
\nSaha (Yakut) T\u00fcrkleri : 500.000<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 100.000 \u2013 500.000 aras\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar T\u00fcrkleri : 330.000
\nT\u0131va T\u00fcrkleri : 260.000
\nGagavuz T\u00fcrkleri : 200.000
\nNogay T\u00fcrkleri : 100.000<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusu 100.000\u2019den az olan T\u00fcrkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hakas T\u00fcrkleri : 90.000
\nAltay T\u00fcrkleri : 80.000
\nHala\u00e7 T\u00fcrkleri : 50.000
\nKaray T\u00fcrkleri : 2.000
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere be\u015f T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011funun n\u00fcfusu 10 milyondan, onlarla birlikte sekiz T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011funun n\u00fcfusu 5 milyondan fazlad\u0131r. N\u00fcfusu bir milyondan fazla olan T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131, Ba\u015fkurt ve \u00c7uva\u015flarla birlikte onu bulmaktad\u0131r. 12 T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu ise bir milyondan az n\u00fcfusa sahiptir.
\nBu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde say\u0131lar yuvarlak hesaba tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131 da genel olarak verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n (***) \u00fcst\u00fcndeki k\u0131sma bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h5>\n

***
\nYery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki toplam n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 220.111.094 veya 230.039.700 \u2013 235.039.700 olan T\u00fcrklerin din\u00ee da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman : 217.553.282 (% 98,8) veya 227.481.888 \u2013 232.481.888 (%98,9)
\nOrtodoks H\u0131ristiyan : 2.283.022 (% 1, 04)
\nBudist (Lamaist) : 272.080
\nMusevi Karaim : 2.210
\nMusevi : 500
\nOrtodoks H\u0131ristiyan olan T\u00fcrkler; \u00c7uva\u015flar, Gagavuzlar, Sahalar (Yakutlar), Hakaslar, Altay T\u00fcrkleri ve Nogaybaklard\u0131r. \u00c7uva\u015flar i\u00e7inde eski T\u00fcrk dinlerine ait gelenekler de ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Az say\u0131da \u00c7uva\u015f\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu da baz\u0131 haberler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Sibirya\u2019daki Saha, Hakas ve Altay T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda da eski T\u00fcrklere ait Kaml\u0131k (\u015eamanl\u0131k) inan\u0131\u015f ve rit\u00fcelleri ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\nBudist T\u00fcrkler; G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019daki T\u0131valarla \u00c7in\u2019deki Sar\u0131 Uygurlard\u0131r.
\nMusevili\u011fin Karaim mezhebinde olan T\u00fcrkler, Karaylard\u0131r.
\nMusevi olanlar ise K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir topluluk olan K\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7aklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131, T\u00fcrkoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Ahmet Bican Ercilasun\u2019un kaleminden T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kollar\u0131, yay\u0131lma alanlar\u0131, n\u00fcfus bilgileri ve T\u00fcrk inan\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine de\u011ferli bilgileri i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":12421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[62,2,68],"tags":[264,593,481],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-12825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim-kultur","category-genel","category-turkluk-turkculuk","tag-turk-dunyasi","tag-turkce","tag-turkler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12825"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12840,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12825\/revisions\/12840"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12825"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=12825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}