{"id":1359,"date":"2018-02-26T20:54:55","date_gmt":"2018-02-26T17:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/?p=1359"},"modified":"2018-03-10T12:04:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T09:04:56","slug":"makedonyanin-isim-sorunu-ve-dis-politikada-kazanma-dusturu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/makedonyanin-isim-sorunu-ve-dis-politikada-kazanma-dusturu\/","title":{"rendered":"Makedonya’n\u0131n “\u0130sim Sorunu” ve D\u0131\u015f Politikada Kazanma D\u00fcsturu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\" \u00dcsk\u00fcp Havaalan\u0131n\u0131n ve 10\u2019uncu koridor otoyolunun ismi h\u00fck\u00fcmet karar\u0131yla resmen de\u011fi\u015fti. Havaalan\u0131n\u0131n ismi 2006\u2019dan bu yana \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u201d ismini ta\u015f\u0131yordu; 10\u2019uncu koridorda g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na uzanan otoyolun ismi ise \u201c\u0130skender Makedonyal\u0131\u201d idi.\u00a015 \u015eubat\u2019ta isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin resmi gazetede yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra havaalan\u0131n\u0131n yeni ismi art\u0131k \u201c\u00dcsk\u00fcp Uluslararas\u0131 Havaliman\u0131\u201d olurken otoyolun ismi de \u201cdostluk\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cPrijatelstvo\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Terminaldeki B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender yaz\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc, havaliman\u0131n t\u00fcm nesne ve i\u00e7eriklerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecinin de h\u00fck\u00fcmetin talimatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi. Otoyol isminin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tabelalar da s\u00fcratle de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyor. Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00a0VMRO\u2019nun \u201cSKOPJE 2014\u201d isimli milliyet\u00e7i projelerinin art\u0131k rafa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131, dahas\u0131 o zamanki uygulamadan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yeniden \u00a0\u00fclkenin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dclkenin her taraf\u0131nda y\u00fckselen ve Makedon kimli\u011fine vurgu yapan devasa heykeller, stadyum ve spor salonlar\u0131na dek her tarafa tarihi isimler verilmesi keza buna ayr\u0131lan devasa b\u00fct\u00e7e halk\u0131n tepkisine neden oluyordu. \u015eimdi Makedonya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir normalle\u015fme d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

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Yunanistan-Makedonya aras\u0131ndaki isim krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc asl\u0131nda Zoran Zaev\u2019in Haziran 2017\u2019de iktidara gelmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Zaev, kom\u015fularla s\u00fcregelen sorunlar\u0131n Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n AB ve NATO ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini engelledi\u011fi ve bunun da halk\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla giri\u015fimlerini ba\u015flatt\u0131.\u00a0T\u00fcm kom\u015fular\u0131yla sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veren Zaev, bu projesini de derhal uygulamaya koydu.<\/a>Makedonya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Zoran Zaev, Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Aleksis \u00c7ipras ile ocak ay\u0131ndaki Davos g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra isim sorunuyla ilgili m\u00fczakerelerdeki kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olarak \u00dcsk\u00fcp\u2019teki B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Havaliman\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 isme sahip otoyolun isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Makedon h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortada.<\/p>\n

Zaev, de\u011fi\u015fimin meyvelerini toplamaya da ba\u015flad\u0131. Avrupa Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jean-Claude Juncker\u2019\u0131n d\u00fcn (25 \u015eubat 2018) ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balkan turunda ilk dura\u011f\u0131 \u00dcsk\u00fcp oldu ve Makedonya\u2019ya net bir m\u00fczakere tarihi vermek i\u00e7in gelmedi\u011fini ama b\u00f6yle devam ederse birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde Avrupa Komisyonu\u2019na m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flanabilece\u011fi tavsiyesi verilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.[1]<\/a>\u00a0Bunu d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Alman bas\u0131n\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunan AB\u2019nin Geni\u015fleme ve Kom\u015fuluk \u0130li\u015fkilerinden Sorumlu Komiseri Johannes Hahn\u2019da s\u00f6ylemi\u015f; \u00a0Makedonya ve Arnavutluk\u2019un Avrupa Komisyonundan \u201cm\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flanabilir\u201d tavsiyesi alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[2]\u00a0<\/a>2005\u2019te aday \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi\u011fi Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n 2014\u2019te aday \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fcne giren Arnavutluk\u2019la ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flayacak olmas\u0131, gecikmenin ne kadar ciddi oldu\u011funu ortaya seriyor. Makedonya aday \u00fclke oldu\u011funda, hen\u00fcz S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bile. Ancak m\u00fczakerelere her iki \u00fclke de Makedonya\u2019dan \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Makedonya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan her hal\u00fckarda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yor; Zaev y\u00f6netimi \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fini dar bo\u011fazdan kurtarmak ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor. Bunu yaparken ciddi riskleri de \u00fcstleniyor. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nceki iktidar d\u00f6nemine ait Makedon kimli\u011fine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 vurgu yapan giri\u015fimlerin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde de s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Makedon k\u00f6kenli olmayan \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ciddi tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ancak etnik Makedonlar\u0131n da t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 gereksiz ve abart\u0131l\u0131 buldu\u011funu not d\u00fc\u015fmek gerekir. \u00d6te yandan \u00fclkenin ilerleyi\u015finin \u00f6n\u00fc isim sorunu nedeniyle kesilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu analiz, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n diplomasi alan\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 not d\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan, Makedonya ile olan isim sorununda, Makedonya\u2019y\u0131 se\u00e7eneksiz b\u0131rakmak ve Yunan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm modeline raz\u0131 edebilmek ad\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giri\u015fimi yapt\u0131. \u0130sim probleminin 27 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019a ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131lmaya yetti. Yunanistan 1988’e dek hi\u00e7 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Makedonya” ismini kuzeydeki topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan edince de Makedonya’y\u0131 “h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla”, kendi b\u00f6lgesinin ismini kullanmakla ve Yunanistan’a d\u00f6n\u00fck toprak iddias\u0131nda bulunmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Makedonya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin anayasal isminin kullan\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine Makedonya, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tercihi olan \u201cEski Yugoslavya Cumhuriyeti Makedonya\u201d (FYROM) ismiyle ge\u00e7ici olarak BM\u2019ye \u00fcye olabilmi\u015fti. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirmedi ve isim sorunu, \u00a0Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n AB ve NATO \u00fcyeli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca engel oldu. Yunanistan, \u201cMakedonya\u201d isminin tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek milli de\u011ferini isim olarak kullanacak bir Makedonya devletini tan\u0131mama tutumunu uzun y\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6yle ki\u00a0basketbol m\u00fcsabakas\u0131nda giyilen formalarda dahi olsa \u201cMakedonya\u201d kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin vermedi.<\/a>\u00a0Yunanistan, topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131n\u0131n da Makedonya olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Makedonya Cumhuriyeti ismini kendi topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck bir tehdit olarak alg\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tavizsiz politikalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ancak Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n geri ad\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Peki,\u00a0Yunanistan nas\u0131l oluyor da her daim masada kazanabiliyor?<\/strong>\u00a0Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 herhalde: Yunanistan, uzun vadeli politikalar\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan lobileri, yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, i\u00e7 kamuoyunda sa\u011flanan birlik ve de tavizsiz duru\u015fu sayesinde hedeflerine ula\u015fabiliyor, olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan politik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer devletlerin onay\u0131n\u0131 alma hedefiyle de\u011fil \u00fclke \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ad\u0131na belirlenmi\u015f politikalar\u0131 sonuca ula\u015ft\u0131rma hedefiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Makedonya ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunda Rum lobisinin g\u00fcc\u00fc ne ABD\u2019nin Kas\u0131m 2004\u2019te Makedonya\u2019y\u0131 anayasal ismiyle tan\u0131yan 101. \u00fclke olmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebildi ne de AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin Makedonya konusunda Yunanistan\u2019la ayn\u0131 hassasiyetleri payla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabildi. Buna ra\u011fmen Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n politik duru\u015funda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131 ve elindeki t\u00fcm kozlarla Makedonya \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 uygulamaya devam etti.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Makedonya\u2019ya uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambargo, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 niyetlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurulmas\u0131 olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi Makedon Anayasas\u0131ndaki maddelerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, Yunanistan\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu iddia edilen simgelerin resmi d\u00fczeyde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmesi ve Makedon bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden sonra kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcstelik Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tavizsiz politikalar\u0131 da Yunanistan-Makedonya ili\u015fkilerinde d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen bask\u0131lar\u0131 Makedonya \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Sonunda isim sorunu da Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n beklemesine de\u011fer \u015fekilde Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n ismini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye raz\u0131 olmas\u0131 yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecek. \u00dcstelik Yunanistan \u015fimdi isim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde hak talep edilmeyece\u011finin garantisi olarak yeni ismin Makedonya anayasas\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini istiyor. VMRO-DPMNE, onur zedeleyici isim teklifini de anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de kabul etmeyeceklerini belirtti.[3]<\/a>\u00a0Ancak y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Dora Bakoyanni\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi \u201cYunanistan\u2019\u0131n bir acelesi yok, Avrupa-Atlantik entegrasyonu i\u00e7in acele eden Makedonya\u201d. Yunanistan \u00f6zellikle d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0\u2013ve herhalde bir nevi d\u0131\u015f politika unsuru gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili politikalar\u0131n\u0131- h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin tavr\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re Makedonya, \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle sonunda bu anayasal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de yapacakt\u0131r. Yunanistan istedi\u011fini al\u0131rken bir de nihayet \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme yana\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n silinmesi ile de \u00f6d\u00fcllendirecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.\u00a0Mesele Antik d\u00f6nemde Makedon Kral\u0131 olan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in miras\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir arka plana sahip ve\u00a0“Makedonya Sorunu” tabiri de y\u00fczy\u0131ldan fazla \u00f6mre sahip bir konu…<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00dclkenin reform s\u00fcrecinde iyi bir yolda oldu\u011funu kaydeden Juncker, Yunanistan\u2019la isim sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fine vurgu yapt\u0131. Juncker, isim sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde geli\u015fme kaydedildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, iyi niyet g\u00f6stergesi olarak havaliman\u0131n\u0131n isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak nitelendirildi\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi. Makedonya’ya giden Juncker, ‘isim krizi’ konusunda yorum yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131, Sputnik T\u00fcrkiye, 26 \u015eubat 2018; AB Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Juncker, Makedonya’da, TGRT Haber, 26 \u015eubat 2018<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Hahn: \u201cMakedonya ve Arnavutluk M\u00fczakerelere Ba\u015flamaya Haz\u0131r\u201d, Yeni Balkan, 22 \u015eubat 2018<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7te iki \u00e7o\u011funluk gerekir.\u00a0\u00a0Mevcut meclis aritmeti\u011finde VMRO-DPMNE desteklemezse anayasal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Makedonya, Yunanistan\u2019la olan isim sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek ad\u0131na \u00dcsk\u00fcp Havaalan\u0131n\u0131n ve 10. koridor otoyolunun ismini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Yunanistan, Makedonya\u2019y\u0131 se\u00e7eneksiz b\u0131rakarak Yunan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm modeline nas\u0131l raz\u0131 etti ve nas\u0131l oluyor da daima masada kazan\u0131yor?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":1370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,69],"tags":[42,45],"coauthors":[30],"class_list":["post-1359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-yakin-cografya","tag-makedonya","tag-yunanistan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}