{"id":14613,"date":"2022-01-03T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=14613&preview=true&preview_id=14613"},"modified":"2022-01-03T00:38:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T21:38:48","slug":"sadri-maksudi-ogrenci-ve-ogretmen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/sadri-maksudi-ogrenci-ve-ogretmen\/","title":{"rendered":"Sadri Maksudi – \u00d6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretmen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131 daha \u00f6nce Denge Dergisi’nde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n

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Kazan\u2019da, \u0130stanbul Park\u0131\u2019nda Sadri Maksudi an\u0131t\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Size b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi, siyaset\u00e7i, akademisyen, kurumlar\u0131n kurucusu Sadri Maksudi\u2019den s\u00f6z edece\u011fim. Eserlerinin ve inan\u0131lmaz hayat hik\u00e2yesinin bende b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimleri yazaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu akademik bir bibliyografya ve biyografya olmayacak. \u00c7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr bunlardan elimizde birka\u00e7 tane var; kaynak\u00e7aya g\u00f6z at\u0131n. K\u0131z\u0131 Adile Ayda\u2019n\u0131n Sadri Maksudi kitab\u0131 en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131s\u0131. Prof. Dr. Ali Birinci\u2019nin makalesi de bilgi dolu bir \u00f6zet. Hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn ansiklopedilerde ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131k bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi, bir sosyologdur, siyaset tarih\u00e7isidir, hukuk tarih\u00e7isidir, T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi fikir sisteminin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda bir eylemcidir, siyas\u00ee hareket lideridir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucu akademisyenlerindendir ama Paris\u2019te, Sorbonne\u2019da da hocad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sayd\u0131klar\u0131mdan sadece biri, onu anmam\u0131za ve takdire yeter. Bir hayata bu ba\u015far\u0131lardan bir de\u011fil birka\u00e7 tanesini s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka birini bulmak herh\u00e2lde kolay de\u011fil. Hayat hik\u00e2yesi i\u00e7in \u201cinan\u0131lmaz\u201d demem bundand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir nesil: Kul s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmay\u0131nca H\u0131z\u0131r yeti\u015fmezmi\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Rahmetli Mustafa Kafal\u0131 hocam\u0131z, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tarihini nesiller \u00fczerinden anlat\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6kalplerden, Ats\u0131zlardan, 1970\u2019lerin \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerine kadar; dalgalar h\u00e2linde. Ger\u00e7ekten kimse tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finde 19. asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda do\u011fanlar dev bir dalgad\u0131r ve yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni de\u011fil, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrk \u00fclkelerini de y\u00fckselten fikir ve siyaset tsunamisidir.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019ye 1878-1880 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 do\u011fum tarihleri verenler var. Son y\u0131llarda 1878 \u00fczerinde fikir birli\u011fi var gibi. \u015eimdi tablodaki do\u011fum tarihlerine bir bak\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ali Merdan Top\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131<\/td>\n1863<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu<\/td>\n1869<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fatih Kerimi<\/td>\n1870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Musa Carullah<\/td>\n1875<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura<\/td>\n1876<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ziya G\u00f6kalp<\/td>\n1876<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ayaz \u0130shaki<\/td>\n1878<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sadri Maksudi<\/td>\n1878<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/td>\n1881<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Sanki Tanr\u0131, Bilge Kaan\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201cT\u00fcrk milleti yok olmas\u0131n diye\u201d bu insanlar\u0131n hepsini ayn\u0131 yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6ndermi\u015f. Yirmi y\u0131l bir nesildir. Demek ki hepsi ayn\u0131 nesilden. Ziya G\u00f6kalp h\u00e2ri\u00e7 hi\u00e7biri teknik olarak \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli\u201d de\u011fil. Fakat tek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrk yurdu T\u00fcrkiye ve bundand\u0131r ki hepsinin gayreti, zaman i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne odaklan\u0131yor. Sadri Maksudi de, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de.<\/p>\n

Tabi bu neslin arkas\u0131nda da nesiller var. Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin hayat\u0131nda rol alanlar aras\u0131nda \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019y\u0131 (1851), Abd\u00fcrre\u015fit Kad\u0131\u2019y\u0131 (Abd\u00fcrre\u015fit \u0130brahim, 1853), Ahmet Midhat Efendi\u2019yi (1844) sayabiliriz. Abd\u00fcrre\u015fit Kad\u0131, Rusya\u2019da el alt\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan \u00c7ulpan Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kapsama alan\u0131 daha geni\u015f ve uzun nefeslidir: \u201cDilde, fikirde, i\u015fte birlik\u201d slogan\u0131yla K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da 1883-1918 aras\u0131nda 35 y\u0131l, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile yay\u0131mlan\u0131p Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a kadar T\u00fcrk yurtlar\u0131nda okunan Terc\u00fcman gazetesi!<\/p>\n

Bu neslin bir ba\u015fka \u00f6zelli\u011fi, gen\u00e7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda bilin\u00e7lenip, hareketlenip d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6\u015fesinde m\u00fccadele vermeleri, okumalar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131… Atat\u00fcrk, otuz ya\u015f\u0131nda Libya\u2019da \u0130talyan emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 direnci \u00f6rg\u00fctlemekte, \u0130talyanlara ilk yenilgilerini tatt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sonra Sofya\u2019da diplomatt\u0131r, \u00c7anakkale\u2019de Anafartalar kahraman\u0131 ve gazi, \u015eam\u2019da komutand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019yi \u00f6nce Ta\u015fsu k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, sonra Kazan\u2019da, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da Bah\u00e7esaray\u2019da, \u0130stanbul\u2019da, defalarca Paris\u2019te, St. Petersburg’da Duma\u2019da, Helsinki\u2019de, Stokholm\u2019de, Berlin\u2019de, nihayet Ankara ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7ilerimizden, haddim olmayarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir sipari\u015fim var: Tablodaki insanlar\u0131n ve sizin ekleyece\u011finiz ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkilerini, etkile\u015fimlerini bir a\u011f h\u00e2linde g\u00f6sterebilir misiniz? Hani Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n polisiye dizilerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, bazen bir duvar\u0131 kaplayan, kim kiminle ne yapm\u0131\u015f cinsinden bir ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131. Bir de yine polisiye dizilerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz cinsten tarih \u015feritleri. Bu insanlar\u0131n her biri neyle me\u015fgulken, hangi konumdayken \u00f6b\u00fcrleri ne yap\u0131yordu ve d\u00fcnyada neler oluyordu? Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi, Bol\u015fevik \u0130htilali, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015fu. Bu a\u011flar\u0131, bu ili\u015fkileri bize g\u00f6steriniz. Bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bin kelimeden daha etkilidir diyorlar. Hatta bilgisayarla iki boyutla da s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaz, bu a\u011flar\u0131n ve tarih \u015feritlerinin \u00e7ok boyutlusunu da \u00e7izebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Kazan<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tek tek insanlardan ba\u015fka bir de o insanlar\u0131n hepsinin yeti\u015fti\u011fi toplum var. Yukar\u0131daki tabloda Kazan\u2019\u0131n ve Tatarlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey sebepsiz de\u011fildir. Ni\u00e7in Tatar T\u00fcrkleri?<\/p>\n

Belki ba\u015f sebep, Tatarlar\u0131n y\u0131llarca egemenken 1552\u2019de Rus hakimiyetine d\u00fc\u015fmeleri ve Justin McCarthy\u2019nin ifadesiyle \u00f6l\u00fcm ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ilk T\u00fcrk gruplar\u0131ndan olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve as\u0131rlarca devam eden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve bask\u0131, Tatar\u2019\u0131n zihninde mill\u00ee \u015fuuru y\u00fckseltmi\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar canl\u0131 tutmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Tataristan\u2019da ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da h\u00e2l\u00e2 Tatar var. Ancak anayurtlar\u0131nda art\u0131k az\u0131nl\u0131ktalar. Geride kalan bir avu\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn orada tutunmalar\u0131 kolay olmam\u0131\u015f. Ermeni tehcirine takanlar, ondan \u00e7ok sonra yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z K\u0131r\u0131m tehcirine, daha \u00f6nceki Kazan tehcirine k\u00f6rd\u00fcrler. Hem de yurtlar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukta iken s\u00fcr\u00fclen T\u00fcrklere\u2026 Tatarlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc, fakat kimliklerini s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 korudu. Bunu Finlandiya\u2019daki Kazan kolonisinde bizzat g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bir ucu Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda bulunan diasporan\u0131n di\u011fer ucu Man\u00e7urya\u2019dad\u0131r. Yak\u0131n zamanda kaybetti\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc Nadir Devlet, oradan kopup bize gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi Ta\u015fsu k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki k\u00f6y mektebini bitirdikten sonra a\u011fabeyi Hadi Maksudi Efendi\u2019nin de m\u00fcderrislik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kazan\u2019daki me\u015fhur All\u00e2miye – G\u00f6l Boyu Medresesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Mill\u00ee \u015fuur hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylediklerime bir \u00f6rnek olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131 Adile Ayda\u2019n\u0131n Sadri Maksudi kitab\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki pasaj\u0131 almak isterim :<\/p>\n

\u201cSadri\u2019nin medresede en iyi anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131 Ayaz isminde, kendisi gibi imam o\u011flu olan bir \u00e7ocuktur. \u0130kisinin dersler, hocalar, \u00f6teki \u00e7ocuklar hakk\u0131ndaki fikirleri t\u0131pat\u0131p uymaktad\u0131r. Sadri ile Ayaz\u2019\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fey Kazan\u2019da baz\u0131 adamlar\u0131n, kendi k\u00f6ylerinde hi\u00e7 kimsenin konu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dili konu\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu adamlara Urus deniyor, \u00fcstelik ikide bir de Uruslar\u0131n \u00c7ar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyordu. Bir g\u00fcn Hadi Efendi\u2019ye sorarlar: \u201cUruslar\u0131n gibi, bizim de \u00e7ar\u0131m\u0131z yok mu?\u201d. Hadi Efendi onlara \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verir:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2018Bizim \u00e7ar\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fil amma, vaktiyle Han\u2019\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131. Kazan\u2019\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki topraklarda tek Rus yoktu. Her taraf bizimdi. Kazan Hanlar\u0131 Rus \u00c7arlar\u0131ndan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc idi. Ruslar Kazan Hanlar\u0131na vergi verirdi. Fakat bizim Han\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcp de zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir s\u0131rada Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van dedikleri \u00c7ar Kazan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6len Han\u2019\u0131n dul kar\u0131s\u0131 S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike, Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti ve milleti kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya, sava\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin gayretleri bo\u015fa gitti. \u00c7ar, Kazan ordusunu yendi ve bizim topraklar\u0131 kendi topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2018S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin milletine seslenerek konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 minare h\u00e2l\u00e2 duruyor. Bir g\u00fcn sizi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, gezdiririm.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cVe Hadi Efendi Sadri ile Ayaz\u2019\u0131 bir g\u00fcn g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin minaresini gezdirmi\u015f ve s\u00f6zlerini i\u00e7er gibi dinleyen iki zeki \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u2018Ruslar Kazan\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra, d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f vah\u015filikler g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir; ellerine ge\u00e7en b\u00fct\u00fcn erkekleri k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irmi\u015fler, Kazan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki 453 camiyi ve pek \u00e7ok medreseyi y\u0131km\u0131\u015flar, onlar\u0131n yerine kilise ve manast\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015flar, Kazanl\u0131lar\u0131 Hristiyan olmaya zorlam\u0131\u015flar, Hristiyan olmay\u0131 kabul etmeyenlere Kazan\u2019da oturmay\u0131 yasak etmi\u015fler, T\u00fcrklerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131p Ruslara da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015flar.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

Sadri ile Ayaz\u2019\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalpleri ezilmi\u015f, Ruslara nefretleri b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Hik\u00e2yeye g\u00f6re Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra devleti y\u00f6neten e\u015fi S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike, ma\u011flup oldu\u011fu Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n kendisiyle evlenmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131n sonunda bu minareden kendini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atar.<\/p>\n

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Kazan\u2019da S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin kulesi<\/p><\/div>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin arkada\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ayaz, Ayaz \u0130shaki, b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kalem olacak, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlar Orenburg Tiyatrosu\u2019nda seyirciyi aya\u011fa kald\u0131racakt\u0131r. Ayaz \u0130shaki\u2019nin y\u0131llar sonra yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 22. as\u0131rda ge\u00e7en, bilim kurgu formundaki roman\u0131, \u0130ki Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan Sonra \u0130nkiraz , belki Sadri Maksudi ve hocalar\u0131 Hadi Maksudi ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike minaresi ziyaretinin ilham\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Roman\u0131n ve roman\u0131n kahraman\u0131 Cafer\u2019in sonu, Kazan\u2019da de\u011fil, tarih\u00ee Bulgar \u015fehrinde gelir. \u0130shaki muhtemelen Bulgar \u015fehrini, Tatarlar\u0131n, yani Bulgar T\u00fcrklerinin, Hun d\u00f6nemine kadar giden tarihlerini ve ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve ilk yerle\u015fik T\u00fcrk grubu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak i\u00e7in se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Roman\u0131n orijinaline ula\u015famad\u0131m. Danielle Ross\u2019un makalesinden al\u0131nt\u0131lay\u0131p \u00e7eviriyorum:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7aresizlik i\u00e7inde Bulgar \u015fehrinin harabelerine gider, ayakta kalan son minareye \u00e7\u0131kar ve orada bir r\u00fcya haline d\u00fc\u015fer. Harabelerin i\u00e7inde eski Bulgar ordular\u0131 ve 19. ve 20. asr\u0131n Bulgar yazarlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Cafer bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere dalm\u0131\u015fken r\u00fczg\u00e2r kuleyi sarsar ve y\u0131kar. Son Bulgar Cafer, ta\u015flar aras\u0131nda ezilir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130shaki, roman\u0131n\u0131n son s\u00f6z\u00fcnde, bu sonun \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fakat e\u011fer okuyucular onun de\u011fi\u015fme tavsiyelerini tutmazsa b\u00f6yle biteceklerini yazar.<\/p>\n

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Soldan sa\u011fa: Ayaz \u0130shaki, Sadri Maksudi, Fuat Tuktar<\/p><\/div>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bir devletin, \u00f6nce Bulgar\u2019\u0131n ve Alt\u0131n Ordu\u2019nun miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tatar T\u00fcrkleri, 19-20. as\u0131rlarda T\u00fcrklerin en y\u00fcksek okuryazara s\u00e2hip grubudur. Her k\u00f6yde bir cami ve caminin yan\u0131nda bir mektep vard\u0131r. Halk, mill\u00ee de\u011ferlerini korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131r; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Rus okullar\u0131na gitmesine, Kiril alfabesini ve Rus\u00e7ay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesine direnirler. Bu muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n koruyucu, ya\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc, kadimciler denilen, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilimlerin \u00f6\u011frenilmesine okullara bilimin girmesine direnen \u015f\u0131hlar (i\u015f\u00e2nlar) ve ulema temsil eder. Kazan\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fckselten de ketlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan da din\u00ee liderlerdir. \u0130shaki\u2019nin ve Maksudi\u2019nin babas\u0131 imamd\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc destekleyen ve Sadri Maksudi\u2019ye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Musa Carullah ve Abd\u00fcrre\u015fid Kad\u0131 da din adam\u0131d\u0131r. Mill\u00ee duygulara \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130\u015fmuhammet Dinmuhammedov gibi kadimciler de s\u00f6zde din adam\u0131d\u0131r. Dinmuhammetof, i\u015fi, milletda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7arl\u0131k jandarmas\u0131na ihbara kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Maksudi, \u0130shaki ve tabloya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nesilden hemen sonra do\u011fan (1886)\u00a0 \u015fair ve dilci Abdullah Tukay, \u015f\u0131hlar\u0131, aya\u011fa kalkmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken g\u00fc\u00e7 diye tan\u0131mlar. Kadimcilerin tezleri ve cedid\u00e7ilerle m\u00fccadelesi mutlaka ayr\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konu sadece Kuzey T\u00fcrkleri ve Asya T\u00fcrkleri tarihine de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden siyas\u00ee \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa da \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019yi anlat\u0131rken giri\u015fteki tabloda verdi\u011fimiz ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc nesilden bir ba\u015fka Kazanl\u0131y\u0131, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura\u2019y\u0131 da anlatmak zorunday\u0131z. Maksudi-Ak\u00e7ura bulu\u015fmas\u0131, yine ayn\u0131 tablodaki Fatih Kerimi\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kerimi, Maksudi\u2019ye bir mektup verir ve Ak\u00e7ura\u2019y\u0131 bulmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Sadri Maksudi anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201c22-24 ya\u015f\u0131nda: Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura ile ilk temas\u0131m 1902 ba\u015f\u0131nda, Paris’te, Quartier Latin denilen talebe mahallesinde vuku buldu. Tahsil i\u00e7in Paris’e gidece\u011fim zaman, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura’n\u0131n Trablusgarp’taki menfas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p, tahsilini ikmal etmek \u00fczere Paris’e gitmi\u015f oldu\u011funu bilen, Kazan m\u00fcnevverlerinden, bilahare Rusya T\u00fcrklerinin hayat\u0131nda m\u00fchim ve m\u00fcspet bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f olan Fatih Kerimi, Paris’e vard\u0131ktan sonra Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura ile tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 tavsiye etti ve bana kendisi i\u00e7in bir mektup verdi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yusuf Bey\u2019le beni beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya sevk eden ve bir\u00e7ok defalar ayn\u0131 mill\u00ee i\u015fler etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ftiren amil, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u015fahsi menfaatler veya birbirimize kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fumuz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil, m\u00fc\u015fterek ideale ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bu ideal milliyet \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ideali idi: Cih\u00e2n\u015f\u00fcmul bir tarihe malik olan milletimizi ya\u015fatmak, y\u00fckseltmek, onun medeniyet sahas\u0131nda cibilli vas\u0131flar ile m\u00fctenasip bir mevki almas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek ideali…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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1919 Stokholm – Sadri Maksudi ve Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00d6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretmen<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc akademik hayat hik\u00e2yesine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve di\u011fer dillerdeki ansiklopedilerde ve Ayda\u2019n\u0131n kitab\u0131nda ula\u015fabilirsiniz. \u00d6zetle k\u00f6y mektebi – cedit\u00e7i Zincirli Medrese – Bah\u00e7esaray\u2019da G\u00f6lboyu Medresesi, Rus \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu, Sorbonne diye \u00f6zetleyebiliriz. Zincirli ve G\u00f6lboyu medreselerine y\u00f6nlenmesinde, m\u00fcderris a\u011fabeyi Hadi Maksudi\u2019nin rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kazan T\u00fcrkleri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Rus okuluna gitmesine ve Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmesine direnirler. Sadri Maksudi buna ra\u011fmen gider ve Bat\u0131 bilimini hem \u00f6\u011frenir hem de o bilime kap\u0131 a\u00e7acak ilk yabanc\u0131 dile sahip olur. Daha 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken roman t\u00fcr\u00fcne al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmayan Kazanl\u0131lar romanla tan\u0131\u015fs\u0131n diye \u0130stanbul\u2019dan getirtti\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi kitaplardan Robinson Crusoe terc\u00fcmesini Kazan\u2019da yay\u0131mlar. Bununla yetinmez, kendisi de Mai\u015fet ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir roman yazar ve yay\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

Gerek Kuzey T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, gerekse T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dakilerin dikkati, tek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrk yurdunun \u00fczerindedir. D\u00fcnyada T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda egemenli\u011fin T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu ba\u015fka \u00fclke yoktur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerin tamam\u0131nda da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olmayan yoktur. Sadri Maksudi, bu y\u00fczden e\u011fitimine \u0130stanbul\u2019da devam etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Rusya\u2019y\u0131 terk etmeden \u00f6nce \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi iki yazarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek ister. Biri, o y\u0131llarda art\u0131k roman yazmay\u0131 terk etmi\u015f, felsefe ile u\u011fra\u015fan ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin aforoz etti\u011fi Tolstoy\u2019dur. Tolstoy\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yasnaya Polyana\u2019n\u0131n yolunu tutar. \u0130htiyar d\u00e2hiyle gen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencinin sohbetleri g\u00fcnlere yay\u0131l\u0131r. Belli ki sevgi ve dikkat tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktadan sonra T\u00fcrk – T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc entelekt\u00fcel a\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin i\u00e7indedir. Maksudi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmeden \u00f6nce dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk isim, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan, \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 ona T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gitmesini, fakat e\u011fitimini Paris\u2019te s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini tavsiye eder. Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Zincirli Medrese\u2019deki \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fine, 16 ya\u015f\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Adile Ayda anlat\u0131yor :<\/p>\n

\u201cHadi Maksudi Zincirli Medrese\u2019ye bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, Terc\u00fcman gazetesi uzun y\u0131llardan beri \u00e7\u0131kmakta, Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hreti b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015f bulunmakta idi. Hadi Maksudi, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a gelirken 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki karde\u015fini de getirince, Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 bu gen\u00e7 \u00e7ocukla ilgilendi, onu sevdi. \u00c7ocuk zeki ve konular\u0131 \u00e7abuk kavr\u0131yordu. Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 ufak tefek i\u015fler yapt\u0131rmay\u0131 bahane ederek, onu yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, onun gen\u00e7 beynini ayd\u0131nlatmaktan, ona \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerde, tavsiyelerde bulunmaktan zevk al\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sadri Maksudi\u2019ye a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli fikir T\u00fcrk birli\u011fi fikridir. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin tek bir aile oldu\u011funu, Kazanl\u0131 ve K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin Ba\u015fkurtlar ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlarla akraba oldu\u011funu, hatta H\u0131ristiyan olan \u00c7uva\u015flar\u0131n ve \u015eamanist olan Yakutlar\u0131n \u00f6teki T\u00fcrklerin karde\u015fleri oldu\u011funu, her f\u0131rsatta gen\u00e7 Sadri\u2019ye telkin etmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7i kendileri Rusya T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda en meden\u00ee z\u00fcmre olduklar\u0131 ve hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn medreselerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, baz\u0131 Kazanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlarda Kazaklar\u0131, \u00d6zbekleri hor g\u00f6rme e\u011filimi, o d\u00f6nemde az \u00e7ok vard\u0131. Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 Sadri Maksudi\u2019de bu e\u011filimi tamamen yok etmi\u015f, her T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc sevmeyi \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Gen\u00e7 Sadri B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019ya derin hayranl\u0131k ve sonsuz sevgi ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde \u2018Benim manev\u00ee babam \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019d\u0131r\u2019 demi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi, Bah\u00e7esaray\u2019dan sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelir ve orada Ahmet Midhat Efendi\u2019ye dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. O da Gasp\u0131ral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tavsiyesini tekrarlar: Paris\u2019e git.<\/p>\n

20. asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa medeniyetin zirvesindedir, Frans\u0131zca Lingua – Franca, yani d\u00fcnya dilidir ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da merkezinde Paris ve Paris\u2019te bilimin merkezinde Sorbonne vard\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar da 1871-1914 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6neme G\u00fczel Devir- La Belle Epoque der.<\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi Sorbonne\u2019da hukuk okur ama sosyoloji de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, T\u00fcrk tarihi de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Adile Ayda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor ,<\/p>\n

\u201cGen\u00e7 Sadri Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinden ba\u015fka, \u201dEcole des Hautes Etudes Sociales” (Y\u00fcksek \u0130\u00e7tima\u00ee \u0130limler Okulu) denilen okula da kaydolur. Bir de College de France\u2019daki me\u015fhur Gabriel Tarde\u2019\u0131n ve Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesindeki me\u015fhur Durkheim ile me\u015fhur Levy-Br\u00fchl\u2019\u00fcn derslerine, ilk iki y\u0131l boyunca, hemen hemen muntazaman devam eder.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Hakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin) Beng\u00fc Ta\u015flar\u0131 yeni ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Fakat Sorbonne\u2019da okutulmaktad\u0131r. Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin kendi kaleminden okuyal\u0131m :<\/p>\n

\u201cBir g\u00fcn Frans\u0131z arkada\u015flar\u0131mdan biri Sorbonne’da, “Ecole des Hautes Etudes\u201d mektebinde eski T\u00fcrklerden kalma kit\u00e2beler hakk\u0131nda bir ders verildi\u011fini bildirdi. \u0130lk f\u0131rsatta o derse gittim. Hal\u00e9vy isminde ihtiyar bir m\u00fcste\u015frik Orhon Kit\u00e2beleri’nden bahsediyor ve metinlerini tahl\u00eel ediyordu. Hal\u00e9vy’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn dinleyicileri be\u015f alt\u0131 ki\u015fiden ib\u00e2retti. \u0130htiyar Hal\u00e9vy benimle al\u00e2kadar oldu. T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fumu \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra, Orhon Kit\u00e2beleri’ni b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok m\u00fcsbet \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi. Ben, ertesi g\u00fcn, b\u00f6yle bir dersin mevcudiyetinden Yusuf Bey\u2019i de haberdar ettim. Yusuf Bey de o derse devam etme\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131. Ders haftada bir defa idi. Profes\u00f6r de \u00e7ok ihtiyar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, muntazaman gelemiyordu. Hal\u00e9vy her ders sonunda Yusuf’la bana bakarak eski T\u00fcrkleri medhediyordu. S\u00f6yledikleri aras\u0131nda hat\u0131r\u0131mda kalanlar \u015funlard\u0131r: \u2018Orhon Kitabeleri yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, Avrupa’n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dillerinden hi\u00e7 biri hen\u00fcz tebell\u00fcr etmemi\u015fti (ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131). Halbuki sizin dedelerinizin ta o devirde her \u015feyi ifade edebilecek derecede geli\u015fmi\u015f bir edebi dili vard\u0131. Sizin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz bug\u00fcnk\u00fc milletlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden daha eskidir, iftihar edebilirsiniz\u2019 diyordu.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin Duma \u00fcyesi olarak Petersburg\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar sadece siyasi faaliyet ve Petersburg sosyetesinin hayat\u0131na kat\u0131lma y\u0131llar\u0131 de\u011fil, kendisinin T\u00fcrkoloji ve T\u00fcrk dil bilimi alan\u0131nda yeti\u015fme y\u0131llar\u0131 da olmu\u015ftur. Hem de Radloff gibi bir \u00fcstad\u0131n idaresi alt\u0131nda… Radloff o s\u0131rada 70 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrkolog, 1899\u2019da e\u015finin vefat\u0131ndan sonra, \u00e2det edinmi\u015fti: g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, geceleri dostlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencilerini kabul ederdi. Sadri Maksudi 1907 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan 1910 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar bu gecelere hemen hemen muntazaman devam etmi\u015f, T\u00fcrk dilinin en \u00e7etin meselelerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na \u015fahit olmu\u015f, ihtiyar t\u00fcrkologun tavsiye etti\u011fi kitaplar\u0131 okumu\u015f, T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7eleri, T\u00fcrk foneti\u011fi, T\u00fcrk grameri alan\u0131ndaki bilgilerini derinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir .<\/p>\n

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Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin, Sorbonne\u2019dan mezuniyet foto\u011fraf\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Bol\u015fevik \u0130htilali\u2019nden sonra rejim Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin pe\u015findedir. Sa\u00e7 – sakal uzat\u0131r, k\u00f6yl\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Finlandiya\u2019ya ka\u00e7ar, Berlin\u2019e ve 1919 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda Paris\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler. Art\u0131k fakir bir \u00f6\u011frenci de\u011fil, yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayabilen bir gazetecidir. Le Temps gazetesinde muhabir olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Siyasi m\u00fccadelesinin her d\u00f6neminde \u00f6\u011frenmeye ara vermemesinin meyvelerini de toplamaya ba\u015flar: 1923 senesi Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi b\u00fcnyesindeki Slav \u00dclkelerini Tetkik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk -Tatar Kavimleri Tarihi dersleri vermek \u00fczere profes\u00f6r olarak tayin edilir.<\/p>\n

Fakat g\u00f6nl\u00fc ve kalbi istiklaline kavu\u015fmu\u015f, tek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrk \u00fclkesindedir. Hemen bir y\u0131l sonra T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131nda konferansa davet edilir ve Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn, \u201cSana ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gel.\u201d davetini emir kabul eder.<\/p>\n

Sorbonne\u2019daki k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldi\u011fi tarihte akademisyen Sadri Maksudi, eri\u015filmesi pek kolay olmayan bir birikimin sahibidir. Kendi kaleminden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, fakat \u201ctahsil\u201dinin hangi a\u015famas\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen k\u0131sa bir CV\u2019si \u015f\u00f6yledir :<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130smim Sadri, aile ismim Maksud\u00ee\u2019dir. Vel\u00e2detim fi 23 Temmuz sene 1880 olub Rum\u00ee 1294\u2019d\u00fcr. Mah\u00e2ll-i vel\u00e2detim Kazan\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130dadi tahsilimi Kazan\u2019da ikm\u00e2l ettim. Rus Dar\u00fclmuallimin \u015fehadet- n\u00e2mesi ald\u0131m. Al\u00ee tahsilimi evvel\u00e2 Fransa\u2019da ikm\u00e2l ettim. Paris Dar\u00fcl-f\u00fcnunu Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden mezunum. Rusya\u2019 ya avdetimden sonra Moskova Dar\u00fcl-f\u00fcnunu\u2019nda dahi imtihana girerek birinci derecede hukuk-\u015finas-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00ee diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131m. Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ihtil\u00e2l i\u00e7inde alelacele terk etti\u011fimden \u015fehadet-n\u00e2melerim zayi olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Rus\u00e7a, Frans\u0131zca, \u0130ngilizce tekell\u00fcm ve kitabet ederim. Almanca, Fars\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a tetebb\u00fcatta bulunabilirim. Gen\u00e7li\u011fimde Kazan T\u00fcrkleri \u015fivesinde ilm-i arza aid bir eser, \u0130ngiltere’ye Seyahat nam\u0131nda bir seyahat-n\u00e2me ve bir de Mai\u015fet isminde mill\u00ee roman yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrk lisaniyat ve tarihine aid yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hen\u00fcz bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f eserlerim vard\u0131r. Rus, Frans\u0131z gazete ve mecmualar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok makalelerim \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin Rusya ve Avrupa\u2019daki T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc aktivist, te\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131 ve siyaset\u00e7i cephesini, gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin hukuk, akademi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n harc\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n

[1] Adile Ayda, Sadri Maksudi<\/em>, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 1991.<\/p>\n

[2] Ali Birinci, \u201cT\u00fcrk Hukuk Tarih\u00e7isi Sadri Maksudi\u2019nin Hayat Hik\u00e2yesi ve Eserleri<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00dcHFM- Ord.Prof. Sadri Maksudi Arsal\u2019a Arma\u011fan \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, ciltLXXV, 2017, s. 75-122.<\/p>\n

[3] Adile Ayda, a. g. e., sayfa 12-14.<\/p>\n

[4] Danielle Ross, The Nation That Might Not Be: The Role of Iskhaqi\u2019s Extinction After Two Hundred Years in the Popularization of Kazan Tatar National Identity Among the Ulama Sons and Shakirds of the Volga Ural Region<\/em>, 1904\u22121917<\/em>, Ab Imperio, 3\/2012, pp. 341-369 (Article), Published by Ab Imperio,<\/p>\n

DOI: 10.1353\/imp.2012.0103 Ross\u2019ta, kitab\u0131n orjinaline at\u0131f yoktu. Nadir Kitap\u2019ta te\u015fhir edilen ilk bask\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: Haritonova Matbaas\u0131<\/a>,Kazan 1908<\/a><\/p>\n

[5] Sadri Maksudi Arsal, \u201cDostum Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura\u201d, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em>, Say\u0131 174, 1977, sayfa 349-351<\/p>\n

[6] Adile Ayda, a. g. e., sayfa 19 ve 20.<\/p>\n

[7] Adile Ayda, a. g. e., sayfa 29.<\/p>\n

[8] Sadri Maksudi Arsal, a. g. y..<\/p>\n

[9] Adile Ayda, a. g. e., sayfa 53.<\/p>\n

[10] Ali Birinci, a. g. e..<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Size b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi, siyaset\u00e7i, akademisyen, kurumlar\u0131n kurucusu Sadri Maksudi\u2019den s\u00f6z edece\u011fim. Eserlerinin ve inan\u0131lmaz hayat hik\u00e2yesinin bende b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimleri yazaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu akademik bir bibliyografya ve biyografya olmayacak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,68],"tags":[1218,1669,122,308,1151,114],"coauthors":[5],"class_list":["post-14613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-turkluk-turkculuk","tag-ismail-gaspirali","tag-sadri-maksudi","tag-turkculuk","tag-turkluk","tag-yusuf-akcura","tag-ziya-gokalp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14613"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14633,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14613\/revisions\/14633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14613"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=14613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}