{"id":14833,"date":"2022-02-06T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-06T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=14833&preview=true&preview_id=14833"},"modified":"2022-02-08T18:23:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T15:23:55","slug":"turk-tarihinde-ve-istiklal-harbinde-suvariler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-tarihinde-ve-istiklal-harbinde-suvariler\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk tarihinde ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi\u2019nde s\u00fcvariler"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk tarihinde at \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. At T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda, devlet y\u00f6neticileri ve toplum kahramanlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6kten indirilmi\u015f kutsal bir varl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u00d6len kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n cennette atlar\u0131na bineceklerine inand\u0131klar\u0131ndan atlar\u0131n\u0131 da onlarla beraber defnediyorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrk atl\u0131lar\u0131 ise s\u00fcvari tarihinin ba\u015f akt\u00f6rleridir. Tarih sahnesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda geli\u015fip d\u00fcnyaya hediye edilen s\u00fcvarilik, silah teknolojisinde sa\u011flanan geli\u015fmeler do\u011frultusunda yerini z\u0131rhl\u0131 birliklere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki son T\u00fcrk devleti olan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan s\u00fcvariler ve kadim dostlar\u0131 atlar\u0131, sahip olduklar\u0131 bu onur ile sonsuza kadar hat\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn: \u201cEfendiler! Atlar\u0131n\u0131za iyi bak\u0131n\u0131z. Zira, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu ulvi yarat\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.\u201d. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcvarilerin sonuca etki etmek \u00fczere stratejik olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki son sava\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarisinin tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ya\u015fatma ve gen\u00e7 nesillere binicilik sevgisini a\u015f\u0131lama vazifesini ifa etmek \u00fczere te\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131lan Kara Kuvvetleri Atl\u0131 Spor E\u011fitim Merkezi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, son s\u00fcvari birli\u011fi olarak Ankara\u2019da g\u00f6revine devam etmektedir. Tarihte T\u00fcrk ordusunun vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fc olan ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayan s\u00fcvari birliklerinin son temsilcileri, Kara Harp Okulu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca 13 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Ankara’da bir s\u00fcvari derne\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe \u201c\u015eanl\u0131 ve Kahraman S\u00fcvarileri\u201d tan\u0131tmay\u0131 ya\u015fatmay\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirmeyi, Ata sporumuz olan Binicili\u011fi ba\u015fta ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 seviyede tan\u0131tma ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131lmay\u0131, s\u00fcvarili\u011fi ve binicilik sporunu tarihi k\u00f6kleri ile bulu\u015fturma amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Derne\u011fin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisi ve babas\u0131 da emekli s\u00fcvari subay\u0131 olan M. Levent \u00d6nce y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara imza atmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca ordular\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturan s\u00fcvariler, at\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131z ve manevra kabiliyeti ile muharebe meydanlar\u0131n\u0131n vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00fcc\u00fc, cesaret ve kutsal de\u011ferler u\u011fruna sava\u015fma inanc\u0131yla birle\u015ftirebilen T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarileri ise s\u00fcvari tarihinin ba\u015f akt\u00f6rleridir. Tarih sahnesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda geli\u015fip d\u00fcnyaya hediye edilen s\u00fcvarilik, silah teknolojisinde sa\u011flanan geli\u015fmeler do\u011frultusunda yerini z\u0131rhl\u0131 birliklere b\u0131rakt\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, askerlik te\u015fkilat\u0131nda ve imparatorluklar kurmas\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan at, do\u011fal olarak destanlarda ve kitabelerde de yerini ald\u0131. At\u0131n m\u00fcbarek say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda, devlet y\u00f6neticileri ve toplum kahramanlar\u0131 gibi o da asl\u0131nda g\u00f6kten indirilmi\u015f kutsal bir varl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u00d6len kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n cennette atlar\u0131na bineceklerine inand\u0131klar\u0131ndan atlar\u0131n\u0131 da onlarla beraber defnediyorlard\u0131. Tanr\u0131ya kurban edilerek de\u011feri art\u0131r\u0131lan at, yabanc\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen en k\u0131ymetli hediye say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bulunduklar\u0131 her ortamda oldu\u011fu gibi, Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki son T\u00fcrk devleti olan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan s\u00fcvariler ve kadim dostlar\u0131 at, sahip olduklar\u0131 bu onur ile sonsuza kadar hat\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn: \u201cEfendiler! Atlar\u0131n\u0131za iyi bak\u0131n\u0131z. Zira, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu ulvi yarat\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.\u201d vasiyeti, muhtemelen bu sayg\u0131n\u0131n tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. (R. Bal, s.1)<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’de s\u00fcvariler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte te\u015fkilatlanmalarda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015f, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 milis kuvvetleri ve \u00e7etelerden ba\u015flayarak yeni ba\u015ftan bir d\u00fczenli ordu kurma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve geli\u015fmeler sonunda yirmi piyade t\u00fcmeni, d\u00f6rt s\u00fcvari t\u00fcmeni, \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcvari tugay\u0131, iki s\u00fcvari alay\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden olu\u015fan<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Kara Kuvvetleri\u2019nin 15 Nisan 1921 tarihindeki s\u00fcvari birliklerinin konu\u015fu \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

– 1\u2019inci ve 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmenleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : \u00c7alk\u00f6y-Ya\u011fc\u0131lar-\u00d6renk\u00f6y-\u015eeyhler b\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n

– 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Yeni\u015fehir-\u0130neg\u00f6l hatt\u0131<\/p>\n

– 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Zara ve g\u00fcneyi<\/p>\n

– 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Tugay\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : \u00c7ayhisar<\/p>\n

– 6\u2019nc\u0131 S\u00fcvari Tugay\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Kars ve dolaylar\u0131<\/p>\n

– 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Tugay\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Koyulhisar<\/p>\n

– 26- 27\u2019nci S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Sivas- Kangal b\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Kastamonu dolaylar\u0131nda iki s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n

– Ankara\u2019da te\u015fkil edilmekte olan Ankara S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131 ve bir s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n

– Adana\u2019da bir s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc. (R. Bal, s. 101)<\/p>\n

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Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’de T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvariler.<\/p><\/div>\n

I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Harbi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Zaferi, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n prestij kaybetmesine neden oldu. Daha sonra II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi (23 Mart\u20134 Nisan 1921) de zaferle sona erince Yunanl\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131r zayiat vererek geri \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Geri \u00e7ekilen Yunan kuvvetlerini takiple g\u00f6revlendirilen T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarileri, Yunanl\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar verdirmi\u015flerdi. \u0130lk defa I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi\u2019nde g\u00f6rev alarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 vazifeler icra eden s\u00fcvari birliklerinin, II. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi\u2019nde de ayn\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stererek d\u00fc\u015fmana zayiat verdirmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck memnuniyet yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201c\u2026Bir m\u00fcddet sonra Yunanl\u0131lar tekrar taarruza ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi, bu defa da \u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc muzafferiyeti muntazam ve disiplinli yeni T\u00fcrk ordusunun \u015fanl\u0131 s\u00fcng\u00fcs\u00fcne nasip olmu\u015ftur. Ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Bursa istikametinde takibe memur edilen s\u00fcvari t\u00fcmenleri d\u00fc\u015fman gerilerine sarkt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi daha sonra Gediz cihetine ve Dumlup\u0131nar gerilerine, Banaz Ovas\u0131na do\u011fru ak\u0131nlar da yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu derin <\/em>hareketler, b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcvari birliklerimizin ileride b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler ba\u015faracak istidada sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fti\u2026<\/em>\u201d (F. Altay, \u0130. H. S\u00fcvari Kolordusu, s. 10) yorumunu yapan Fahrettin Altay, gelecek muharebelerde s\u00fcvari birliklerinin muhtemel ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda umutlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yunan kuvvetleri \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc mevzileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve Bursa\u2019ya do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti. (R. Bal, s. 106)<\/p>\n

Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

14 A\u011fustos 1921\u2019de Yunan ordusunun Sakarya mevzileri ile temasa ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in ileri harek\u00e2t\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1921\u2019de Yunan Kuvvetlerinin Sakarya bat\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ekili\u015fi ve T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131 taarruzu ile tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kazan\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131 milletin orduya olan g\u00fcvenini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, Sakarya do\u011fusu ve m\u00fcteakiben Afyon\u2013Eski\u015fehir hatt\u0131na kadar topraklar kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde s\u00fcvariler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 muharebeler icra etti. \u0130leri harek\u00e2t\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00f6rtme g\u00f6revindeki T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarilerini geri atmaya ba\u015flayan Yunan kuvvetleri, Sakarya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine inmek \u00fczere \u00c7akmak ve Fettaho\u011flu k\u00f6pr\u00fclerinden ge\u00e7i\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, s\u00fcvarilerin mukavemeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f ancak be\u015f g\u00fcnde tamamlanabilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu esnada derinlikte faaliyet g\u00f6steren Alb. Fahrettin\u2019in 5\u2019inci Grubu, geri b\u00f6lgelerde ak\u0131nlar yaparak bir deve ikmal konvoyunu da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcz elli dokuz deve ile altm\u0131\u015f yedi e\u015fek ele ge\u00e7irilerek motorlu ara\u00e7lar tahrip edilmi\u015fti. (\u0130. Artu\u00e7, s. 88) Yunan birliklerinin geri \u00e7ekilmeleri esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarilerinin yan ve gerilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2\u2019nci Yunan Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Prens Andre\u2019nin bir raporunda \u201cUzunbey\u201d bask\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Sakarya mevzilerine taarruzdan vazge\u00e7ip geri d\u00f6nmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dahi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (R. Bal, s. 107)<\/p>\n

Uzunbey Bask\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yunan Ordusunun ileri harek\u00e2ta ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve en do\u011fru bilgiler i\u00e7eren ke\u015fif faaliyetleri \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u00fcvari alaylar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015fifleri esnas\u0131nda Yunan ula\u015ft\u0131rma kollar\u0131 vurularak iki y\u00fcz kadar deve, bir\u00e7ok silah, m\u00fchimmat ve malzeme ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, Uzunbey\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir menzil noktas\u0131 ve u\u00e7ak merkezi tesis edildi\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015fti. Mesafenin olduk\u00e7a uzak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, zorlu bir gece y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle bu noktaya bir bask\u0131n yap\u0131labilirse iyi bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve harekete ge\u00e7ilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Mevcut haritalar\u0131n yetersiz olu\u015fu, mesafenin uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle s\u0131k s\u0131k k\u0131lavuz de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n yolu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmalar\u0131 nedeniyle istenen bask\u0131n etkisi sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Birliklerin Uzunbey k\u00f6y\u00fcne g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fduktan sonra varabilmesiyle ba\u015flayan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada Yunan kuvvetleri k\u00f6y\u00fc savunmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7aklar havalanm\u0131\u015f, Yunan askerleri yak\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrktaciri k\u00f6y\u00fcne ka\u00e7mak suretiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zayiattan kurtulmu\u015ftu. S\u00fcvariler k\u00f6y civar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 tahrip etmi\u015fler, k\u00f6ye girmek \u00fczere Kolordu Komutan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takviye kuvvet g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fi anda, Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n telsiz emriyle Ordu sol yan\u0131na (\u00c7eltek b\u00f6lgesine) d\u00f6nmeleri emredildi\u011finden harek\u00e2t\u0131 durdurarak savunma mevzilerini i\u015fgal etmek \u00fczere geriye d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sakarya Muharebelerinden sonra k\u00f6y\u00fcn sadece bir menzil noktas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yunan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya Ordusu Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kararg\u00e2h\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Yunan Veliaht Prensi George\u2019un o gece Ba\u015fkomutan Papoulas\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015fti. (F. Altay, \u0130. H. S\u00fcvari Kolordusu, s. 26)<\/p>\n

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5\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Grubu\u2019nun \u201cUzunbey\u201d Harek\u00e2t\u0131, 27 A\u011fustos 1921 (F. Altay, \u0130. H. S\u00fcvari Kolordusu, s. 25.; Artu\u00e7, Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015f, Kasta\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2001, s. 313; R. Bal, s. 107)<\/p><\/div>\n

Prens Andrei \u201cFelakete Do\u011fru\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde bu konuda \u015fu ifadeleri yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201c\u2026Hadisat benim ke\u015fif ve tahminlerimi hakl\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Zira d\u00fc\u015fman ricat etmedi\u011fi gibi, II. Kolordu\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 olan mukavemetini de kuvvetlendirdi ve top\u00e7u ile birlikte kuvvetli bir s\u00fcvari m\u00fcfrezesi Kolordu\u2019nun sa\u011f cenah\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fcp ge\u00e7erek Ordu\u2019nun gerisine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Sonradan \u00f6\u011frendim ki bu s\u00fcvariler az kals\u0131n Uzunbey\u2019deki Ordu Ba\u015fkumandan\u0131 ile Erkan\u0131harbiyesi\u2019ni esir etmek \u00fczere imi\u015fler<\/em>.\u201d (R. Bal, s. 108)<\/p>\n

Fettaho\u011flu Bask\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Kavuncu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc istikametinde ileri harek\u00e2ta ba\u015flayan 5\u2019inci Grup, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n terk etti\u011fi yirmi yaral\u0131 er ile silah ve malzeme ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, M\u00fcrettep T\u00fcmen Fettaho\u011flu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne bask\u0131n yaparak Yunan istihk\u00e2mlar\u0131n\u0131 geri atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sayede son derece \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilmeden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc imha etmek \u00fczere d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f tahrip kal\u0131plar\u0131, 35\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131\u2019ndan Te\u011fmen Bekir taraf\u0131ndan etkisiz hale getirildi. (\u0130. Artu\u00e7, s. 243) \u00dc\u00e7 s\u00fcvari alay\u0131 ve bir piyade alay\u0131ndan olu\u015fan M\u00fcrettep T\u00fcmen harek\u00e2t sonunda bir r\u00f6ntgen makinesi, birka\u00e7 kamyon, on be\u015f at arabas\u0131, bin be\u015f y\u00fcz kasapl\u0131k hayvan ele ge\u00e7irdi. (R. Bal, s. 108)<\/p>\n

Sivrihisar Bask\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yarbay Ahmet Zeki komutas\u0131ndaki M\u00fcrettep T\u00fcmen, d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz ki\u015filik Yunan birli\u011finin bulundu\u011fu ve \u00f6nemli bir ikmal merkezi olan Sivrihisar\u2019a bir bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, \u00e7o\u011fu Yunan askerinin ka\u00e7arak terk etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgede iki doktor, yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 er ve otuz dokuz yaral\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. Cephenin ortas\u0131nda bulunan bu merkezin \u00e7ok kolay bir \u015fekilde bask\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131 General Papoulas\u2019\u0131 hayrete ve deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Prens Andrei, Sakarya\u2019daki muharebeler hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler verdi, T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvari birliklerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0131rka kadar de\u011ferlendirerek mevcut Yunan S\u00fcvari Livas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lan taarruzlara kar\u015f\u0131 koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Yerli T\u00fcrk atlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareket kabiliyeti, Yunan birliklerinin devaml\u0131 tacize maruz kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Yunan s\u00fcvarilerinin daha \u00f6nce 1912-1913 Makedonya ve Epir Meydan Muharebelerinde de kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 atlar Anadolu\u2019da etkili olarak kullan\u0131lamad\u0131. Arpa ve kuru ot noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da manevra ve s\u00fcrati olumsuz etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumsuzluklardan kaynaklanan nedenlerle beklenen hareketlili\u011fi g\u00f6steremeyen Yunan kuvvetleri ve \u00f6zelikle ikmal birlikleri \u00e7ok s\u0131k tacize maruz kalarak zayiat vermi\u015flerdi. Bu durumu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlarla teyit eden Prens Andrei, 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihindeki bask\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131: \u201c\u2026Ordu merbutu te\u015fekk\u00fcllerin b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Sivrihisar mevkiine d\u00fc\u015fman s\u00fcvarisinin girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bir tabur piyade ile 9\u2019uncu F\u0131rka\u2019n\u0131n top\u00e7usu Mulk mevkiine vas\u0131l olmazdan evvel bir felaketin zuhur eylemi\u015f bulundu\u011funu ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n taciz edilmeksizin ve beraberinde bir miktar esir de alarak hareket eylemi\u015f oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bir rapor ald\u0131m\u2026<\/em>\u201d (Prens Andrei, s. 93)<\/p>\n

18 Eyl\u00fcl ak\u015fam\u0131 T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarileri \u00c7ifteler- Hamidiye- Seyitgazi hatt\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Cephe kararg\u00e2h\u0131ndan y\u00fcz kilometre kadar bat\u0131ya ilerleyen ve Yunan birliklerini tacize ba\u015flayan bu birliklerin imhas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1\u2019inci Yunan Kolordusu g\u00f6revlendirildi. T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n elindeki tek \u00e7evik kuvvet olan s\u00fcvarilerin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu tehlikeli geli\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 20 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Cephe Komutan\u0131 emriyle s\u00fcvarilerin kesin sonu\u00e7lu muharebeye girmeden kendilerini korumas\u0131 ve emniyetli b\u00f6lgelere \u00e7ekilmesi emredildi.<\/p>\n

Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131 bir savunma sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Bu nedenle s\u00fcvarilerin taarruz ve takip \u00f6zellikleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 safhas\u0131nda etkili olarak kullan\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Savunma harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmek ve Yunan kuvvetlerinin ilerlemesini geciktirmek g\u00f6revlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten s\u00fcvari birlikleri, her f\u0131rsatta d\u00fczenledikleri taarruzi hareketlerle Yunan kuvvetlerini etkilemi\u015fler ve taarruzlardan vazge\u00e7ip geri \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flayan Yunan birliklerini takip esnas\u0131nda onlara ciddi zararlar vermi\u015flerdi. (R. Bal, s. 109)<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sakarya Meydan Muharebesinden sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durum T\u00fcrk Ordusunun kesin sonu\u00e7lu bir taarruza ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi. Yap\u0131lan haz\u0131rl\u0131klardan sonra 16 Haziran 1922 tarihinde B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz karar\u0131 verilerek birliklere verilen yeni b\u00f6lgelerin i\u015fgali ve haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 15 A\u011fustos\u2019a kadar s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131. Harek\u00e2t plan\u0131 gere\u011fi t\u00fcm ordunun g\u00fcnler boyu kilometrelerce yol kat edip Afyon g\u00fcneyine ve bat\u0131s\u0131na yana\u015fmas\u0131, on binlerin hareket halinde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen gizlili\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 istendi. B\u00f6ylesine zor bir intikalin ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gizlilik prensibine azami uyularak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbir al\u0131nd\u0131, subay ke\u015fif kollar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ke\u015fiflere g\u00f6re sadece geceleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ntikaller sonras\u0131 hava ayd\u0131nlanmadan \u00f6nce konaklanacak yerlerin, gizlenmeyi sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131kl\u0131 veya k\u00f6y gibi yerler olmas\u0131na dikkat edildi. Bir birli\u011fin terk etti\u011fi yere geriden gelen ba\u015fka bir birlik yerle\u015ftirilerek faaliyetlerin de\u011fi\u015fmeden devam etti\u011fi izlenimi verildi, baz\u0131 \u00e7ad\u0131rlar s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmedi. Yunan kuvvetleriyle temastaki mevzilerde ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hareketler yap\u0131lmad\u0131, bir iki ki\u015filik subay ke\u015fifleriyle en \u00f6ndeki birliklerin taarruz mevzileri, ilerleme istikametleri, top\u00e7u mevzileri, hedefler iyice belirlendi. Taarruzun bir g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesine kadar t\u00fcm birlikler h\u00fccum ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 hatt\u0131na on, on be\u015f kilometre yakla\u015ft\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fmana tamamen yana\u015fmak i\u00e7in son gece beklendi. Yan\u0131ltma maksad\u0131yla gerek Yunan birliklerine gerekse T\u00fcrk askerlerine bir Yunan taarruzu beklendi\u011fi havas\u0131 verildi. Tabii ki \u00e7ok fazla g\u00f6zetleme ve dinleme yapan Yunan askerleri ile mevcut u\u00e7aklar birtak\u0131m ileri hareketleri sezmi\u015f ve belirlemi\u015fti ancak bir taarruz beklenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in sadece emniyet tedbirleri art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6yle ki General Trikopis 25-26 A\u011fustos gecesi Afyon’da bir baloya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 24 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Kararg\u00e2h\u0131 da Ak\u015fehir\u2019den \u015euhut\u2019a intikal etmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylelikle t\u00fcm birlikler 25 A\u011fustos ak\u015fam\u0131 taarruza haz\u0131r hale gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Harek\u00e2t plan\u0131 gere\u011fi piyade birliklerinin taarruza ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 ve belli bir hatta kadar ilerlemesini bekleyecek olan S\u00fcvari Kolordusu, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Ah\u0131r Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sadece bir s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile g\u00f6zetledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi. Toku\u015flar k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Haydar A\u011fa isimli bir vatansever, Ah\u0131r Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndaki ge\u00e7itlerin Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sadece g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri kontrol edildi\u011fini, geceleri ise bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Bu haber \u00fczerine yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ke\u015fif sonucunda Haydar A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n haberi do\u011fruland\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine ordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, tasarlanan ilerleme zaman\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce harekete ge\u00e7mek teklif edildi, onay al\u0131nca da haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamlanarak ilerleme istikametinde kullan\u0131lacak vadi ve patikalar belirlendi.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz harek\u00e2t plan\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\n

25 A\u011fustos ak\u015fam\u0131 hava karard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nde 1\u2019inci T\u00fcmen olmak \u00fczere kilometrelere varan uzun bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fle birerle kol d\u00fczeninde Ah\u0131r Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na do\u011fru intikal ba\u015flad\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn gece boyunca dar patikalardan, u\u00e7urum kenarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yedekte olarak ilerleyen Kolordu, sabahleyin Sincanl\u0131 Ovas\u0131’na indi. Yunanl\u0131lara hissettirilmeden cephenin yirmi kilometre i\u00e7ine s\u0131z\u0131ld\u0131, saat 10.00’a do\u011fru s\u00fcvariler her \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcmenle da\u011flar\u0131 a\u015farak d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe indi. Yarbay M\u00fcrsel komutas\u0131ndaki 1\u2019inci T\u00fcmen Dumlup\u0131nar do\u011fusuna kadar ilerledi, \u0130zmir-Afyon demiryolu tahrip edilerek \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrpriz ilerleme Yunanl\u0131larda \u015fok etkisi yaratarak geri b\u00f6lgelerde pani\u011fe neden oldu. Geri b\u00f6lgede faaliyet g\u00f6steren ak\u0131nc\u0131 m\u00fcfrezeleri ve s\u00fcvariler telli hatlar\u0131 keserek haberle\u015fmeyi engelledi, Yunan kuvvetlerinin geri ile olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kesildi ve ciddi kay\u0131plar verdirildi. Yunan kuvvetlerinin takviye edilmesini \u00f6nlemek maksad\u0131yla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00f6y tren istasyonunun tahrip edilmesi gerekiyordu. Rahats\u0131z olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu vazifeyi talep eden Aste\u011fmen Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Kemal, istasyon civar\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. (Daha \u00f6nce Ba\u015fkimse istasyonunda \u015fehit olan Te\u011fmen Selahattin ile beraber, toplam d\u00f6rt subay ve otuz er i\u00e7in K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00f6y\u2019de bir \u015fehitlik yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, bu tren istasyonunun ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek \u015fehitlerin an\u0131s\u0131na \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Kemal\u201d istasyonu oldu.) (R. Bal, s. )<\/p>\n

S\u00fcvari Kolordusu, Yarbay Ahmet Zeki komutas\u0131ndaki 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni \u00f6nde, Yarbay Mehmet Suphi komutas\u0131ndaki 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni arkada olmak \u00fczere \u0130lbulak Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na do\u011fru intikale devam etti. 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni yolunu \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozarak iki kola ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 28 A\u011fustos sabah\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131 hareket eden iki koldan g\u00fcneydeki kol (iki alay) Belce yak\u0131n\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f halindeki Yunanl\u0131lara taarruz etti, Yunan 1\u2019inci Kolordusunun ba\u011fl\u0131 birlikleri ile Yedek Subay E\u011fitim Merkezi \u00f6\u011frencilerinden olu\u015fan bu grup, y\u00fcz kadar \u00f6l\u00fc ve otuz esir b\u0131rakarak da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Kuzeydeki kol ise ayn\u0131 saatlerde Olucak K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lara taarruz etti, ihtiyattaki Yunan 2\u2019nci Kolordu Komutan\u0131 General Diyenis ve 9\u2019uncu T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Albay Gardikos\u2019un da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu bu grup, cephenin bu kadar gerisinde bu saatte T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarilerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ciddi bir \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ge\u00e7irdiler. Ancak bu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 taarruzlar 5\u2019inci Kolordunun di\u011fer birliklerden olduk\u00e7a uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na ve telsiz irtibat\u0131 sa\u011flayamamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. Yunan kuvvetleri ise geli\u015fen taarruzlardan ciddi derecede s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, g\u00fcneyden d\u00f6rt t\u00fcmenli 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolordu ile 23\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc T\u00fcmenin taarruzlar\u0131 devam ederken kuzeyden ba\u015flayan s\u00fcvari hareketi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 29 \/ 30 A\u011fustos gecesi her taraftan ate\u015f alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme \u00fczerine bir imha olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 General Trikopis, birliklere \u00c7alk\u00f6y’e \u00e7ekilme emrini verdi ve \u00c7alk\u00f6y \u00e7evresinde toplanan birliklerin K\u0131z\u0131lta\u015f Vadisi\u2019nden geri \u00e7ekilmesini planlad\u0131. Albay Kallidopulos komutas\u0131ndaki 12\u2019nci Yunan T\u00fcmeni \u00c7alk\u00f6y do\u011frultusunda ilerlerken Yarbay Mehmet Suphi emrindeki 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeninin bask\u0131n\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131, Dumlup\u0131nar kuzeyinde darac\u0131k bir alanda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Trikopis kuvvetlerinde da\u011f\u0131lma ba\u015flad\u0131. (Trikopis ve Papulas, s. 113)<\/p>\n

\u00c7al b\u00f6lgesinden ka\u00e7an baz\u0131 Trikopis gruplar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131lta\u015f Vadisi’nden bat\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekildi\u011fi haberi \u00fczerine Kolordu Komutan\u0131 t\u00fcmenlerini tekrar K\u0131z\u0131lta\u015f Vadisi’ne do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirdi, ancak \u015fiddetli ya\u011fmur, yanc\u0131lar\u0131n direnmesi ve havan\u0131n kararmas\u0131 sebebiyle vadinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. 30-31 A\u011fustos gecesi Trikopis ve Diyenis grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan yedi bin kadar asker vadiden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (R. Bal, s. 116)<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz\u2019da S\u00fcvari Takip Harek\u00e2t\u0131 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

31 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Ba\u015fkomutan Mustafa Kemal \u00c7alk\u00f6y\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durum de\u011ferlendirmesinde; Yunan Ordusunun geride yeni bir savunma hatt\u0131 kurmas\u0131na izin verilmeden imhas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kuvvetlerin durmadan \u0130zmir\u2019e ilerlemesine karar verince, \u201cOrdular! \u0130lk hedefiniz Akdeniz\u2019dir. \u0130leri!<\/em>\u201d tarihi emri sonucunda s\u00fcvarilerin d\u00fcnya harp tarihinde yerini alm\u0131\u015f stratejik takip harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Esas takip kuvveti olarak g\u00f6revlendirilen 5\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Kolordusu yan\u0131nda, di\u011fer kolordu ve t\u00fcmenlerin emrindeki s\u00fcvari birlikleri, ayr\u0131ca 6\u2019nc\u0131 T\u00fcmen ve Kocaeli Grubu emrinde elli\u015fer mevcutlu iki\u015fer Ak\u0131nc\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc planda yer ald\u0131. (T\u00fcrk \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi Bat\u0131 Cephesi 2\u2019nci Cilt 6\u2019nc\u0131 K\u0131s\u0131m, 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Kitap, s. 8) 8\u2019inci T\u00fcmen S\u00fcvari B\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Banaz K\u00f6y\u00fc kuzeyini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken Yunan Kuvvetleri ile temas sa\u011flad\u0131 ve yedi subay, y\u00fcz otuz astsubay \u00f6\u011frenci, bir k\u0131s\u0131m er esir al\u0131nd\u0131. (R. Bal, s. 117)<\/p>\n

S\u00fcvarilerin \u0130zmir\u2019e Giri\u015fi ve \u0130zmir\u2019in Kurtulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

General Trikopis, askerlerinin sava\u015fa devam etmeyeceklerini anlam\u0131\u015f, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm ikazlara ra\u011fmen teslim olmaya haz\u0131r birliklerine m\u00fcdahale edememi\u015fti: \u201c\u2026 Bu ac\u0131kl\u0131 durumda kal\u0131nca, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle top ve makineli t\u00fcfeklerin tahrip edilmesini emrettim ve bu emrim yerine getirildi. Mevcut subaylar bana askerlerin tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131r hakk\u0131nda imza verdiler (bu husustaki rapor bilahare General Konstantinos Aenias Mazarakis\u2019in riyasetindeki Tahkik Komisyonuna verildi ve T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarilerinin hatlar\u0131m\u0131za yakla\u015f\u0131p, mukavemet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz takdirde askerlerin kesilece\u011fini anlay\u0131nca beyaz bayrak \u00e7ekmek mecburiyetinde kald\u0131k.<\/em>\u201d (Trikopis ve Papulas, s. 120) c\u00fcmleleriyle teslimiyeti a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

3 Eyl\u00fcl tarihinden itibaren 5\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Kolordusu 1\u2019inci Ordu emrinden al\u0131narak do\u011frudan Cephe Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fland\u0131. Olduk\u00e7a zor arazi \u015fartlar\u0131nda ilerleyen s\u00fcvariler Yunan kuvvetleriyle temasa ge\u00e7ememi\u015f, 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Karakaya\u2019da, 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni G\u00f6lde\u2019de ve 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Gediz K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc kuzeyinde toplanarak m\u00fcteakip harekete haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fcrettep S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 Kandilli K\u00f6y\u00fc (Bilecik ili Boz\u00fcy\u00fck il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131<\/em>)\u2019ne vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f halindeki Yunan alaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u00f6nc\u00fcdeki 38\u2019inci ve 37\u2019nci S\u00fcvari Alaylar\u0131n\u0131 yana\u015ft\u0131rarak top\u00e7u takviyeli ate\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu bask\u0131ndan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Yunan askerleri ovaya da\u011f\u0131larak ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

4 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 g\u00fcn\u00fc 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak ilerleyen 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131, Kula yak\u0131n\u0131nda Yunan kuvvetlerinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verince bir saat kadar s\u00fcren muharebelerden sonra Kula\u2019ya girdi. Durumu de\u011ferlendiren Kolordu Komutan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetlerini Salihli istikametine y\u00f6neltti. Bu b\u00f6lgede temasa ge\u00e7ilen Yunan kuvvetlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc direnci k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, 21\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Duras\u0131ll\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fcnde bir facia son anda \u00f6nlendi. K\u00f6y halk\u0131 birka\u00e7 eve doldurulmu\u015f ve yak\u0131lmak \u00fczere iken s\u00fcvari birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan son anda kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Takip harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n en zorlu g\u00fcnlerinden birisi olan 4 Eyl\u00fcl, Salihli b\u00f6lgesindeki \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara sahne oldu. B\u00f6lgede istirahat halinde oldu\u011fu haberi al\u0131nan Yunan s\u00fcvari t\u00fcmenine bask\u0131n planlayan 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmen birlikleri, kay\u0131p vermesine ra\u011fmen sokak muharebeleri ile Yunan birliklerine a\u011f\u0131r zayiat verdirdi. Ancak Plastras M\u00fcfrezesi ve bir grup s\u00fcvari ile \u00c7erkez Ethem kuvvetlerinin istasyon taraf\u0131na taarruza ge\u00e7mesiyle zor durumda kalan 11\u2019inci Alay geriye \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcmenin di\u011fer birlikleri takviyede yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yunan kuvvetlerini takviye maksad\u0131yla katarla yeni birlikler getirilmi\u015f, 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmen birlikleri Yunan taarruzlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Elinde takviye kuvvet kalmayan t\u00fcmen, 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeninden takviye istemi\u015f, bu maksatla 54\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti.\u00a0 \u0130lerleyen saatlerde \u00f6nemli bir hareket g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyince 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Taytan b\u00f6lgesinde, 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni ise Duras\u0131ll\u0131\u2019da toparlanarak geceyi ge\u00e7irdi. Bu arada kendisinden haber al\u0131namayan 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Kemaliye b\u00f6lgesinde tertiplenmi\u015f, bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerledi\u011fini tespit etti\u011fi Yunan kuvvetlerine taarruza ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Yenik\u00f6y civar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan muharebeler Derek\u00f6y s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda \u015fiddetlenmi\u015f, t\u00fcmen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na mevzilenen be\u015f alt\u0131 kadar Yunan top\u00e7u bataryas\u0131 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc ve 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alaylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ate\u015f deste\u011fi alt\u0131nda bat\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flayan Yunan kuvvetlerini tespit eden T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131, Derek\u00f6y b\u00f6lgesine \u00e7ekilerek tertiplenmi\u015f fakat verdi\u011fi bilgiler Kolordu taraf\u0131ndan net olarak al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karacakaya-R\u00fc\u015ftiye-Tahtak\u00f6pr\u00fc b\u00f6lgesinde Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n bir piyade ve bir s\u00fcvari alay\u0131n\u0131n istirahatte oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffeden M\u00fcrettep S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni, 37\u2019nci S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131n\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeye ilerletti, top\u00e7u ate\u015finden de istifade ile Yunan kuvvetleri geri at\u0131ld\u0131, ak\u015fam saatlerinde Mezit b\u00f6lgesinde tertiplenildi.<\/p>\n

6 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 erken saatlerde ileri harek\u00e2ta ge\u00e7en s\u00fcvariler, Bintepeler b\u00f6lgesinde top\u00e7u ate\u015fine maruz kalarak taarruza ge\u00e7ti. Ke\u015fif sonucu Bintepeler\u2019de bir piyade taburu, bir s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bir top\u00e7u bataryas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Yap\u0131lan muharebeler sonucunda Yunan kuvvetleri d\u00fczensiz olarak bat\u0131 istikametinde \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, ak\u015fam saatlerinde b\u00f6lge tamamen kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Yunan kuvvetleriyle temasa ge\u00e7emeyen 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Karaya\u015fl\u0131-Abdalk\u00f6y civar\u0131nda, 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni ise di\u011fer t\u00fcmene yana\u015farak Abdalk\u00f6y do\u011fusunda geceyi ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere tertip al\u0131nd\u0131. 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni herhangi bir muharebeye i\u015ftirak etmeden Tire ve daha sonra Bay\u0131nd\u0131r\u2019a girdi, geceyi de bu b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7irdi. \u00c7ekilen Yunan kuvvetlerini takip eden M\u00fcrettep S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni \u0130neg\u00f6l\u2019\u00fc geri al\u0131p takibe devam ederek Akhisar K\u00f6y\u00fcnde mola verdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Takip harek\u00e2t b\u00f6lgesi.<\/p><\/div>\n

Herhangi bir ciddi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi 7 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc, 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Hac\u0131rahmanl\u0131, Saruhanl\u0131 ve Akhisar\u2019a; 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni M\u00fctevelli\u2019ye; 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Sinirli\u2019ye ula\u015farak mola verdi.<\/p>\n

8 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Yunan kuvvetlerinin \u0130zmir\u2019de nas\u0131l bir savunma tertibi alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, takviye olarak getirdi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan yeni kuvvetlerini nerede kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak kestiremeyen Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, birinci hatta say\u0131ca fazla tutulacak kuvvetin, disiplinli ve dikkatli bir \u015fekilde \u0130zmir\u2019e ilerlemesini emretti. 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Gediz \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Horozk\u00f6y b\u00f6lgesinde ilerlerken piyade ate\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f, taarruza ge\u00e7erek b\u00f6lgedeki elli Yunan askeriyle elli \u00e7eteci Rum \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. T\u00fcmen Emiralem istasyonuna kadar ilerledi. 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni de b\u00f6lgede hafif bir mukavemetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Uncubozk\u00f6y bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki yama\u00e7larda k\u0131rk be\u015f Yunan askeri ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra m\u00fcteakip harek\u00e2t i\u00e7in Sabuncubeli kuzeyine yana\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni Manisa istikametinde ilerlemi\u015f, direnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir b\u00f6l\u00fck kadar Yunan askeri saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015fti. Daha sonra \u00f6nc\u00fc birlikleri Sabuncubeli do\u011fu s\u0131rtlar\u0131na kadar ilerlemi\u015fti. T\u00fcmen Manisa\u2019ya girdi\u011finde \u015fehir yan\u0131yordu. Yunan askerlerinin zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7arak civar da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan halk, s\u00fcvarilerin Manisa\u2019ya girdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi halde geri d\u00f6nm\u00fcyordu. Propagandadan etkilenerek soyguncu olarak kabul ettikleri T\u00fcrk askerlerinin ikna \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucunda halk geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp hayat normal seyrine sokulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Manisa\u2019ya gelen kolordu komutan\u0131 Fahrettin Pa\u015fa, yaz\u0131l\u0131 emriyle durumu \u00f6zetledi: \u201c\u2026D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n iki t\u00fcmeniyle Nif (Kemalpa\u015fa) \u00fczerinden ve di\u011fer t\u00fcmenleriyle Manisa Menemen istikametinde ricata devam etti\u011fi ve Fo\u00e7a Urla iskelelerinden vapura binecekleri al\u0131nan esirlerin ifadesinden anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

9 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerinde bir an \u00f6nce \u0130zmir\u2019e girmek i\u00e7in sab\u0131rs\u0131zlanma g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, sabah erken saatlerden itibaren Bornova taraf\u0131nda hareketlenme artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Durmaks\u0131z\u0131n ke\u015fif faaliyetlerine devam eden 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni 20\u2019nci Alay\u0131ndan 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fck ke\u015fif kolu tepeye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgede Yunan kuvvetlerinden iz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, birli\u011fin komutan\u0131 Te\u011fmen Enver yan\u0131ndaki erlerle birlikte biraz daha ilerlemi\u015f ve aylard\u0131r hayalini kurdu\u011fu manzaray\u0131 izlemi\u015fti: \u0130zmir ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu on kilometre kadar uzakl\u0131ktayd\u0131.\u00a0 (B Umar S.267) 1\u2019inci T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Albay M\u00fcrsel, Bornova\u2019ya h\u00e2kim s\u0131rtlardan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetlemede \u0130zmir liman\u0131nda y\u00fckleme faaliyetine devam eden alt\u0131 nakliye ve d\u00f6rt sava\u015f gemisi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1\u2019inci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni, \u00f6nc\u00fcde 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde ortal\u0131k a\u011far\u0131rken Bornova \u015fosesinde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. 2\u2019nci S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni de \u00f6nc\u00fcde 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131 ile \u00f6ndeki grubu takip etti. \u00d6nc\u00fcdeki 1\u2019inci T\u00fcmenin 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Alay\u0131 Bornova\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 y\u00fcz metre do\u011fusundan ve \u015fosenin g\u00fcneyindeki s\u0131rtlardan Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n ate\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca muharebe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, iki t\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek 2\u2019nci T\u00fcmenin \u015fose kuzeyinden, 1\u2019inci T\u00fcmenin g\u00fcneyinden taarruz ve takip etmelerini kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131n\u0131n taarruzu neticesinde Yunan art\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve saat 09.00\u2019da Bornova\u2019ya girilmi\u015fti. Bu andan itibaren birliklerin ilerlemesindeki hareketleri \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n

-1\u2019inci T\u00fcmen, 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Alay, 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fck; u\u00e7 olarak \u0130zmir\u2019e ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Mersinli k\u00f6y\u00fcne yana\u015f\u0131nca ate\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak yaya muharebeye ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

-2\u2019nci T\u00fcmen, 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Alay \u015fose kuzeyinden ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Alay\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde giden ve Alay Komutan\u0131 Muavini Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin komutas\u0131nda bulunan iki b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de Mersinli kuzeyinden \u015fose boyunca ilerledi. 2\u2019nci T\u00fcmen, 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Alay g\u00fcneye d\u00f6nerek Mersinli istikametinde ilerleyince kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yirmi bir subayla bin be\u015f y\u00fcz er mevcudundaki Yunan birli\u011fi teslim oldu.<\/p>\n

-1\u2019inci T\u00fcmen, 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Alay Mersinli\u2019deki g\u00f6revini tamamlad\u0131, Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Zeki komutas\u0131ndaki 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fck \u0130zmir\u2019e girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin komutas\u0131nda 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131n\u0131n iki b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kordonboyu\u2019ndan ilerledi, 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc ve 20\u2019nci Alaylar da takip etti. \u00d6nc\u00fc subaylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019e ilk \u00f6nce girme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin yan\u0131nda T\u00fcmen Emir Subay\u0131 Te\u011fmen Hamdi ve 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fcvari Alay\u0131ndan Te\u011fmen Ali R\u0131za ile birlikte Pasaport mevkiine yakla\u015ft\u0131, bu s\u0131rada bir sivil \u015fahs\u0131n el bombas\u0131 atmas\u0131 sonucunda Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin ve birka\u00e7 er hafif \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe d\u00f6rtnala devam edilerek H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019na ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve saat 10.30\u2019da Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrk Bayra\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dire\u011fine \u00e7ekilerek y\u0131llar sonra tekrar dalgalanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. (R. Bal, s. 122) (Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. B. \u015eenli kitap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u015eekil 5. \u0130zmir\u2019in Kurtulu\u015fu\u2019nu Kadifekale\u2019ye T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken Mehmet\u00e7ik\u2019le anlatan hat\u0131ra kartpostal\u0131.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0130ngiliz belgelerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Ordusunun \u0130zmir\u2019e giri\u015fi \u015f\u00f6yle kaydedilmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u20269 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 11.00\u2019de hafif T\u00fcrk S\u00fcvarisi \u0130zmir\u2019e girdi ve Kona\u011f\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Giri\u015f, tam disiplin i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131, askerler o kadar intizam i\u00e7indeydiler ki bir Ermeni\u2019nin \u00f6nlerine att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bombayla bir subay\u0131 ve baz\u0131 askerleri yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermediler<\/em>\u2026\u201d (B. N. \u015eim\u015fir, s. 388)<\/p>\n

El yazmas\u0131 de\u011ferli bir Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ile \u00fc\u00e7 adet Buhara k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 Mustafa Kemal\u2019e teslim edilmi\u015f, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan birinin Ba\u015fkomutana, di\u011ferinin Garp Cephesi Komutan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa’ya, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u0130zmir’e girecek ilk subaya verilmesini arzulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu istek harek\u00e2t sonras\u0131 yerine getirildi ve 15 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130zmir’de yap\u0131lan bir t\u00f6renle bizzat Ba\u015fkomutan taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin\u2019e teslim edildi. Soyad\u0131 Kanunu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca kendisine \u201c\u0130zmir\u201d soyad\u0131 verilen Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015eerafettin 1951\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcnce e\u015fi Siret Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan m\u00fczeye g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere \u0130stanbul Valili\u011fi\u2019ne teslim etti\u011fine dair bilgiler vard\u0131r. Ancak Buhara k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kime ne zaman verildi\u011fi ve ak\u0131betinin ne oldu\u011fu konusunda resmi bir bilgi mevcut de\u011fildir. Bilinen \u015fudur, manevi de\u011feri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan bir Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele hat\u0131ras\u0131 kay\u0131pt\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elde edilmesi ve yeni bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele t\u00fcm hedeflerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, askeri hedeflerin ele ge\u00e7irilmesinde s\u00fcvariler kendilerine verilen vazifeleri ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bir taarruz \u00f6ncesi klasik g\u00fc\u00e7 hesaplamalar\u0131nda, taarruz eden taraf\u0131n savunana kar\u015f\u0131 1\/3 oran\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 istenir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz \u00f6ncesi ise t\u00fcm yap\u0131lanlara ra\u011fmen ancak Yunanl\u0131lara denk bir kuvvet sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yunan taraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc makineli t\u00fcfek ve u\u00e7ak say\u0131s\u0131nda iken T\u00fcrk kuvvetleri s\u00fcvari say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn olmu\u015ftu. Bu durum tabii ki bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Taarruz, bask\u0131n ve takip harek\u00e2tlar\u0131nda s\u00fcvarinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi bilen Mustafa Kemal, harek\u00e2t \u00f6ncesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00fcvari birliklerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 emrini vermi\u015f ve taarruz i\u00e7in acele davranmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fta at olmak \u00fczere eyer, ba\u015fl\u0131k, nal vb. malzeme ihtiyac\u0131 y\u00fczde y\u00fcz giderilememi\u015f, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve m\u0131zrak ihtiyac\u0131 ikamelerle kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmi\u015fti. En \u00f6nemli konu olan e\u011fitim eksikli\u011finin giderilmesi i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Konya Ilg\u0131n’da a\u00e7\u0131lan binicilik okulu marifetiyle t\u00fcm kolordunun en iyi \u015fekilde e\u011fitimi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hayvanlarda kayda de\u011fer bir hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, en \u00e7ok eyer ve semer vurmas\u0131 yaralar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Beslenme ihtiyac\u0131 harek\u00e2t b\u00f6lgelerinde temin edilen ot ve samanla kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck istihkaklar hi\u00e7bir zaman tam olarak verilemezken bir iki kilo arpa ile yetinildi\u011fi g\u00fcnler olmu\u015ftu. Eyer \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131nan nal ve m\u0131h ikmali yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan baz\u0131 birlikler \u0130zmir’e girdi\u011finde atlar\u0131n nal\u0131 yoktu. 26 A\u011fustos-18 Eyl\u00fcl tarihleri aras\u0131nda iki y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f dokuz at \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, dokuz y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f yedisi yaralan\u0131rken iki y\u00fcz k\u0131rk be\u015f at ise kaybolmu\u015ftu. At ihtiyac\u0131 genellikle Yunanl\u0131lardan ele ge\u00e7irilenlerle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcm olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen s\u00fcvarilerin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131nda atlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir yeri vard\u0131r. Nitekim \u0130zmir\u2019in kurtulu\u015fundan sonra yabanc\u0131 kaynaklarda S\u00fcvari Kolordusu\u2019nun harek\u00e2t\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Almanya\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan \u201cW\u0130SSEN UND VEHR\u201d adl\u0131 askeri dergi T\u00fcrk atlar\u0131yla ilgili \u015fu ifadeleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201c\u2026Kolordusu Ilg\u0131n\u2019dan \u0130zmir\u2019e kadar 900 kilometreyi hi\u00e7 durmaks\u0131z\u0131n 20 g\u00fcnde kat etmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcvari bineklerini harp esnas\u0131nda tedarik edilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Anadolu atlar\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyordu. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen bu hayvanlar g\u00fcnde yaln\u0131z bir defa sulanmakla durmadan dinlenmeden ve yem ihtiyac\u0131na kulak asmadan gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz da\u011f ta\u015f demeyerek binicisini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u2026Fakat at\u0131n vasf\u0131ndan bahsederken s\u00fcvarisini unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130zmir yolunda T\u00fcrk S\u00fcvarisi baz\u0131 defalar kuvvetten d\u00fc\u015fen hayvan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne katarak sopa ile s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u2026<\/em>\u201d (F. Altay, On y\u0131l Sava\u015f ve Sonras\u0131, s. 372)<\/p>\n

Takip harek\u00e2t\u0131 devam ederken, Bat\u0131 Cephe Komutan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 5\u2019inci S\u00fcvari Kolordusu Komutan\u0131 Fahrettin Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi emir; s\u00fcvariler i\u00e7in gurur kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

\u201cKarde\u015fim Fahrettin Pa\u015fa Hazretleri, S\u00fcvarilerimize borcumuzu \u00f6deyece\u011fiz, fakat daha ileride imha edilecek d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetleri bulundu\u011funu unutmayarak azim ve celadetinizi m\u00fctemadiyen teyit etmelisiniz. F\u0131rka kumandanlar\u0131n\u0131z birer derece terfii r\u00fctbe etmi\u015flerdir. Erbab\u0131 istihkak\u0131 derhal inha buyurunuz. Ferikli\u011fe terfi r\u00fctbelerini Ba\u015fkumandan Pa\u015fa Hazretleri tasvip ve inha ettiler\u2026Selam temenni muvaffakiyet. U\u015fak. 3 Eyl\u00fcl 338.\u00a0 \u0130smet.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>Tarihte kurulmu\u015f t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk devletlerinde \u00f6nemli vazifeleri ba\u015far\u0131yla yerine getiren s\u00fcvariler, T\u00fcrk Harp Tarihinde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 son sava\u015flar\u0131 da ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlam\u0131\u015f, zaferin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele s\u00fcvarilerinin son temsilcisi olan Eski\u015fehirli S\u00fcvari \u00c7avu\u015f Yakup Satar\u2019\u0131n 2 Nisan 2008\u2019de vefat\u0131 ile kahraman s\u00fcvariler aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. (R. Bal, s.131) Ruhlar\u0131 \u015fad olsun\u2026<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u00fcvariler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ankara’da bulunan Kara Harp Okulu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Atl\u0131 Spor E\u011fitim Merkezi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcvari birliklerinin son temsilcileri sembolik olarak g\u00f6revlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. At yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve bak\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu atl\u0131 spor e\u011fitim merkezinde, at bar\u0131naklar\u0131, binicilik e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k ve kapal\u0131 manejler, dershaneler ile veteriner klini\u011fi, nalbanthane ve s\u00fcvarilerin tarihiyle ilgili yak\u0131n d\u00f6neme ait eserlerin sergilendi\u011fi bir m\u00fcze yer al\u0131yor. Atl\u0131 Spor E\u011fitim Merkezi’nde g\u00f6revli subay, erba\u015f ve erlerden olu\u015fan s\u00fcvariler T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerini, Binicilik Federasyonu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen yar\u0131\u015flarda da temsil ediyor. S\u00fcvariler ayn\u0131 zamanda tam donan\u0131ml\u0131 veteriner kliniklerinde atlar\u0131n bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da yap\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarisinin tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ya\u015fatma ve gen\u00e7 nesillere binicilik sevgisini a\u015f\u0131lama vazifesini ifa etmek \u00fczere te\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131lan Kara Kuvvetleri Atl\u0131 Spor E\u011fitim Merkezi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, son s\u00fcvari birli\u011fi olarak Ankara\u2019da g\u00f6revine devam etmektedir. S\u00fcvarilerin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu atlar\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve temel e\u011fitimlerini vermek \u00fczere Bursa\/Gemlik\u2019te konu\u015flu At \u00dcretim ve E\u011fitim Tabur Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, jandarma emniyet ve asayi\u015f hizmetlerinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere Nev\u015fehir\u2019de te\u015fkil edilen atl\u0131 birimler, T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvari tarihinde yerini alan son s\u00fcvari unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte T\u00fcrk ordusunun vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fc olan ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayan s\u00fcvari birliklerinin son temsilcileri, Kara Harp Okulu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde sembolik olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca 13 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Ankara’da bir s\u00fcvari derne\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe \u201c\u015eanl\u0131 ve Kahraman S\u00fcvarileri\u201d tan\u0131tmay\u0131 ya\u015fatmay\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirmek, Ata sporumuz olan binicili\u011fi ba\u015fta ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 seviyede tan\u0131tmak ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131lmak, s\u00fcvarili\u011fi ve binicilik sporunu tarihi k\u00f6kleri ile bulu\u015fturmak amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Derne\u011fin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisi ve babas\u0131 s\u00fcvari subay\u0131 olan M.Levent \u00d6NCE y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara imza atmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkler at ile sava\u015fmay\u0131 ilk bulan toplumlardan birisi oldu\u011fundan d\u00fcnya tarihinde s\u00fcvarilik kavram\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tarih sahnesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda geli\u015fip d\u00fcnyaya hediye edilen s\u00fcvarilik, silah teknolojisinde sa\u011flanan geli\u015fmeler do\u011frultusunda yerini z\u0131rhl\u0131 birliklere b\u0131rakt\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, askerlik te\u015fkilat\u0131nda ve imparatorluklar kurmas\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan at, do\u011fal olarak destanlarda ve kitabelerde de yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki son T\u00fcrk devleti olan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan s\u00fcvariler ve kadim dostlar\u0131 atlar\u0131, sahip olduklar\u0131 bu onur ile sonsuza kadar hat\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk \u0130stikl\u00e2l Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda sonuca do\u011frudan etki eden stratejik g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz s\u00fcvariler harbin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli unsurlardan birisi olmu\u015ftur. Birinci ve ikinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz\u2019da kazan\u0131lan zaferlerimizde s\u00fcvarilerimiz ba\u015frol\u00fc oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Harbin sonucunda \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un geri al\u0131nmas\u0131nda da s\u00fcvarilerimiz \u00f6nc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcvarilerimiz g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kara Kuvvetleri ve Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde tarihi miras\u0131m\u0131za sahip \u00e7\u0131karak faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Emekli bir s\u00fcvari albay\u0131 olan M. Levent \u00d6NCE \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan S\u00fcvari Derne\u011fi de bu miras\u0131m\u0131za sahip \u00e7\u0131karak ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu vesileyle Ba\u015fta Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm s\u00fcvarilerimizi ve kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve minnet ile yad ediyor, rahmetle an\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/strong><\/p>\n

ALTAY Fahrettin, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbimizde S\u00fcvari Kolordusu<\/em>, Cumhuriyet Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1949,<\/p>\n

ALTAY Fahrettin, <\/strong>On Y\u0131l Sava\u015f ve Sonras\u0131<\/em>, \u0130nsel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1970,<\/p>\n

ARTU\u00c7 \u0130brahim, B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00f6neme\u00e7, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi<\/em>, Kasta\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1985,<\/p>\n

BAL R\u0131dvan, T\u00fcrk Kara Kuvvetlerinde S\u00fcvari Birlikleri (1920-1965), Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi 2006<\/em><\/p>\n

Gnkur. B\u015fk.l\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/em>, 2\u2019nci Cilt 6\u2019nc\u0131 K\u0131s\u0131m, 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc Kitap, Ankara, 1969,<\/p>\n

Prens Andrei; Felakete Do\u011fru<\/em>, \u00c7ev. H\u00fcseyin Rahmi, Askeri Matbaa, \u0130stanbul, 1932<\/p>\n

\u015eENL\u0130 Burhanettin, \u0130zmir\u2019e 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u0130lk Girenlerden Bey\u015fehirli Gazi Ali Atar,<\/em><\/a> Ahmed Cevad An\u0131s\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131-<\/em>V B\u00f6l\u00fcm: 13 \u2013 Sayfa: 385-417, Gaziantep 2020<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0130M\u015e\u0130R Bilal N., \u0130ngiliz Belgeleriyle Sakarya\u2019dan \u0130zmir\u2019e<\/em>, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1989,<\/p>\n

TR\u0130KOP\u0130S N., M. PAPULAS, General; Yunan Generallerinin \u0130tiraflar\u0131<\/em>, Tashih Adnan \u015eenel, Berikan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2001<\/p>\n

UMAR Bilge, \u0130zmir\u2019de Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Son G\u00fcnleri<\/em>, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 1974,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelemizde de kanatlar\u0131m\u0131z olan kadim dostlar\u0131m\u0131z atlar\u0131m\u0131z ve her cephede \u00f6n safta m\u00fccadele eden s\u00fcvarilerimizin an\u0131s\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":14849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66,68],"tags":[2190,259,2200,2191,635,1075,2189,2198,262,2197,941,2196,2194,2192,2193,2199,2195,1768],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk tarihinde ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi\u2019nde s\u00fcvariler - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki son T\u00fcrk devleti olan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funda da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan s\u00fcvariler ve kadim dostlar\u0131 atlar\u0131, sahip 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