{"id":14866,"date":"2022-02-11T19:00:57","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T16:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=14866"},"modified":"2022-02-11T15:02:08","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T12:02:08","slug":"sovyet-yildizli-fakat-soyombosuz-geleneksel-mogol-bayragi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/sovyet-yildizli-fakat-soyombosuz-geleneksel-mogol-bayragi\/","title":{"rendered":"Sovyet Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 “Soyombo”suz geleneksel Mo\u011fol Bayra\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardan bu yana uluslar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ya\u015fanan bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan dolay\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 durum daha da karma\u015f\u0131k bir h\u00e2le geldi. Almanya, \u0130talya ve Japonya \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ittifak olu\u015fturdu. Japonlar, Asya\u2019daki sald\u0131rganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Man\u00e7urya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler. Japonya, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yerle\u015ftirdi. Bu durum, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n savunma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmaya \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nem vermesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya koydu. Bu ama\u00e7la 12 Mart 1936 tarihinde ba\u015fkent Ulaanbaatar\u2019da Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti ile SSCB, silah yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere \u201cKar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 Yard\u0131mla\u015fma Protokol\u00fc\u201d imzalad\u0131. Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fbmeti savunmaya \u00f6ncelik vererek 80.000 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc s\u00fcvari toplad\u0131. Rusya, Mo\u011folistan’da \u00e7ok say\u0131da uzman e\u011fiterek Mo\u011folistan\u2019a 100 milyon ruble de\u011ferinde silah satt\u0131. 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine Sovyet birlikleri Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131na yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra Mo\u011folistan, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin m\u00fcttefiki oldu\u011funu ilan etti. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ne yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir hareket ba\u015flatarak K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019ya en iyi atlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, subay ve askerlerinin ailelerine yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla hediyeler ve s\u0131cak tutan giysiler g\u00f6nderdi. Her Mo\u011fol vatanda\u015f\u0131 bu harekette aktif rol oynad\u0131. 1939’da Kuzey \u00c7in’deki Japon birlikleri Do\u011fu Mo\u011folistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti\u011finde bir Mo\u011fol-Japon sava\u015f\u0131 (Halhin Gol Sava\u015f\u0131) patlak verdi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Georgy Zhukov liderli\u011findeki SSCB ve \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin ortak bir g\u00fcc\u00fc, Japonlar\u0131 yendi. Halhin Gol Sava\u015f\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve Japonya aras\u0131nda 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmayla sona erdi. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Japonya, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin s\u00f6zde “toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc” tan\u0131yan bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Bu sava\u015fta 78 Mo\u011fol \u00f6ld\u00fc ve 200 milyondan fazla Mo\u011folistan paras\u0131 yok oldu. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda 12.318’i Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan olmak \u00fczere toplam 594.000 Japon askeri esir al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mare\u015fal \u00c7oybalsan Moskova\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etti. Sovyet taraf\u0131ndan parti ve devlet kongrelerinin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na destek vermelerini istedi. Mo\u011folistan Halk Devrimci Partisi i\u00e7in yeni bir platform, kurallar ve yeni bir anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan Halk Devrimci Partisinin 10. Kongresi topland\u0131. Parlamento, gelecekteki hedefini \u201ctiranl\u0131\u011fa, sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011fa ve feodalizme kar\u015f\u0131 devrimi tamamlamak\u201d ve \u201ctoplumsal d\u00fczen i\u00e7in zemin haz\u0131rlamak\u201d olarak belirledi. En \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemi ise parti faaliyetlerinde Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019i rehber olarak kullanma talimat\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Parlamento, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinin Mo\u011folistan Halk Devrimci Partisinin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklerinden biri olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Ard\u0131ndan hayvan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 200 milyona \u00e7\u0131karma hedefini belirledi. En \u00f6nemli hedefler aras\u0131nda ulusal ekonomiyi geli\u015ftirmek, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirmek ve e\u011fitim seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Haziran 1940\u2019da Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Sekizinci Parlamentosu topland\u0131. Yeni anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 30 Haziran\u2019da yeni anayasa onayland\u0131. Anayasa, \u00fclke kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zelliklerini ve do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Yeni anayasan\u0131n 93. Maddesi: \u201cMo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti bayra\u011f\u0131 1:2 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kuma\u015ftan yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve ortas\u0131nda ulusal amblem bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklindedir. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaylanan Anayasaya g\u00f6re, \u00f6nceki ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131n boyutu kareden dikd\u00f6rtgene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca anayasan\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fcne \u00fclkenin ad\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ulusal ekonomisinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kiril alfabesiyle e\u011fitim ba\u015flad\u0131. Okuryazar ki\u015filer yeni alfabeyi \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in hareket ba\u015flatt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu planlar yeni tasarlanan bayra\u011f\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. Mo\u011follarca \u00f6nemli kabul edilen \u201cBe\u015f A\u011f\u0131z Hayvan (At, \u00d6k\u00fcz, Deve, Ke\u00e7i, Koyun)\u201d ve Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 bayra\u011fa eklenmi\u015ftir. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Soyombo, yerini Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131na ve Sovyet k\u0131z\u0131l\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"1940-1945

1940-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mo\u011folistan\u2019da 1921 Devrimi zaferinden sonra yeni bir anayasa haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekliydi. Bu anayasaya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahipti. 29 May\u0131s 1922 tarihinde Adalet Bakan\u0131 N. Magsarjav ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa Tasla\u011f\u0131 Komisyonu kuruldu. Komisyon, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, \u0130sve\u00e7, Bel\u00e7ika ve Hollanda gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin anayasalar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anayasa Komisyonu de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yeni bir taslak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu yeni taslakta Komintern\u2019in Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki temsilcisinin ve Sovyet uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi \u00f6nemli derecede b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Sovyet etkisine ra\u011fmen Mo\u011fol yetkililer, \u00fclkenin \u00f6zelliklerini ve uluslararas\u0131 standartlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alacak bir Cumhuriyet h\u00fck\u00fbmeti tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. At\u0131lan bu ad\u0131m gelecekteki siyas\u00ee hayatta da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yank\u0131 bulacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

20 May\u0131s 1924\u2019te h\u00fck\u00fbmet bi\u00e7imi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ederken Bogd Han \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ard\u0131ndan 7 Haziran\u2019da Mo\u011folistan Halk Partisi Merkez Komitesi, Mo\u011folistan\u2019da bir halk cumhuriyeti kurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131 kabul etti. Meclis\u2019in, devletin en y\u00fcksek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurguland\u0131. 8-28 Kas\u0131m 1924 tarihinde Meclis\u2019in toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Meclis, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n ilk anayasas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti. Mo\u011folistan, \u201cHalk\u0131n Egemen Cumhuriyeti\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Komintern ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 Bol\u015fevikle\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu bask\u0131ya direnerek demokratik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

\u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u0131y\u0131m\u2019 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda detayl\u0131 olarak aktaraca\u011f\u0131m Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki din adamlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik temizlik, Mo\u011folistan-Sovyet Rusya ili\u015fkilerinde \u00f6nemli bir noktay\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1930’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin Mo\u011folistan’a y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131 daha aktif h\u00e2le geldi. O d\u00f6nemlerde, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi alt\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan konusunu d\u00fczenli olarak tart\u0131\u015fan ve kararlar veren bir Mo\u011fol komisyonu kuruldu. Sovyetler, Mo\u011fol H\u00fck\u00fbmet liderlerini Japon casuslar\u0131n\u0131n Mo\u011folistan’a, \u00f6zellikle de tap\u0131naklara s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ikna etti. Stalin, Mo\u011fol liderlerini \u00e7ok say\u0131da Mo\u011fol ke\u015fi\u015fi bast\u0131rmaya ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131 yok etmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda alevlenen olaylar 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131. 20 bine yak\u0131n din adam\u0131 idam edildi. Ya\u015fanan bu olaylar sonras\u0131nda Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n istekleri do\u011frultusunda kararlar al\u0131nmaya devam etti. Bu durum da Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n hemen hemen her alan\u0131na olan etkisini ortaya koymaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci Devlet Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili 49. Maddesi, Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r: “Ulusal bayrak, ortada ulusal amblem olacak \u015fekilde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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1924-1940 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

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Mo\u011folistan Milli Tarih M\u00fczesi\u2019nde yer alan bayrak<\/p><\/div>\n

Mo\u011folistan\u2019da Man\u00e7u Y\u00f6netiminin Sona Ermesi ve Kurtulu\u015f Devrimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren Mo\u011follar, Man\u00e7u y\u00f6netiminden kurtulup ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Uluslararas\u0131 geli\u015fmeler, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki rekabetlerin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 gibi olaylar da bu m\u00fccadeleyi etkiledi. Man\u00e7u y\u00f6netimi, de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cYeni H\u00fck\u00fbmet Politikas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu esnada 8. Bogd Javzandamba liderli\u011findeki Mo\u011fol soylular\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan, K\u00f6k Nuur, Barga ve Ala\u015faa gibi t\u00fcm Mo\u011follar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurma zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fini ilan ettiler. Man\u00e7u ve \u00c7inli yetkililerin bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri terk ederek iktidar\u0131n yeniden Mo\u011follara verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundular. D\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck isteklerinden biri ise t\u00fcm Mo\u011follar\u0131 tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirecek olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu yeniden in\u015fa etmekti.<\/p>\n

29 Aral\u0131k 1911 tarihinde Mo\u011folistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Javzandamba, Bogd Han olarak onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Meclisin ad\u0131, \u2018Ba\u015fkent Meclisi\u2019 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca Meclis t\u00fcm yetkiyi eline ald\u0131.\u00a0 Ard\u0131ndan Mo\u011folistan kendi i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Ocak 1912\u2019de Ulyastay\u2019\u0131 ve A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda da Hovd ilini kurtard\u0131. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan\u2019a asker sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1911 Devriminin bir sonucu olarak Mo\u011folistan, Man\u00e7u (Qing) Hanedan\u0131ndan koparak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet haline geldi. Yeni bir ulusal hareketlilik, geli\u015fme ve ilerleme planlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1911-1920 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131nda ve y\u00f6netim sisteminde reformlar yapmay\u0131 hedefledi. Ordular\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla Rusya\u2019dan askeri e\u011fitmenler getirildi. Ekonomik olarak hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilerek say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m politikalar uyguland\u0131. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus t\u00fcccarlara g\u00fcmr\u00fcks\u00fcz ticaret yapma hakk\u0131 verildi. 1912-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan pazar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %35\u2019ini Rus ticareti olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda Rus Dili ve Rus Okulu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Baz\u0131 aileler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131nda okumaya g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n

Mo\u011folistan h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer devletler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m politikalar belirledi. 3 Kas\u0131m 1912 tarihinde Mo\u011folistan ile Rusya aras\u0131nda bir Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tland\u0131. \u00c7in, yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Fakat Mo\u011fol H\u00fck\u00fcmeti gizli olarak Rusya\u2019yla m\u00fczakerelere devam etmekteydi. Rusya ve \u00c7in, 8 Kas\u0131m 1913\u2019te Pekin\u2019de Mo\u011folistan hakk\u0131nda bir bildiri yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Rusya, \u00c7in\u2019in Mo\u011folistan \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131maktayd\u0131. Ancak \u00c7in, D\u0131\u015f Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fini tan\u0131d\u0131. Bu bildiriye Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fbmeti kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Rusya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Kyahta\u2019da (Alt\u0131n Bulak) Rusya, \u00c7in, Mo\u011folistan aras\u0131nda m\u00fczakere ba\u015flad\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan m\u00fczakereler Mo\u011folistan\u2019daki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar nedeniyle uzad\u0131. 7 Haziran 1915 tarihinde yap\u0131lan Kyahta Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Mo\u011folistan \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip oldu.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019da 17 \u015eubat Devrimi, \u00c7arl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fbmetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Ekim ay\u0131nda Bol\u015fevikler iktidara geldi. Rusya bir i\u00e7 sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenirken bunu f\u0131rsat bilen \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, Kyahta \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 feshetti. D\u0131\u015f Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 tekrar kendine ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00c7in, Mo\u011fol yetkililerini \u00f6zerklikten vazge\u00e7meleri konusunda uyarmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bogd Han\u2019a aktar\u0131lan bu uyar\u0131, belirli bir s\u00fcre farkl\u0131 planlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Jalhanz liderli\u011finde bir heyeti Pekin\u2019e g\u00f6nderen Bogd Han, \u00f6zerkli\u011fin kabul edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu. Fakat \u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131, 22 Kas\u0131m 1920\u2019de Mo\u011fol \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131ran bir kararname yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve Bogd Han\u2019\u0131 askeri g\u00fc\u00e7le tehdit etti.\u00a0 Mo\u011folistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kaybederek \u00c7in askeri rejiminin kurulmas\u0131na engel olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1918-1920 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, Mo\u011follar\u0131 tekrardan m\u00fccadele etmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya y\u00f6neltti. Mo\u011follar \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini yeniden kazanmak maksad\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 devletlerden destek arama yoluna ba\u015fvurdu. ABD ve Japonya ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat neredeyse Mo\u011follar\u0131n kaderi olan Sovyet Rusya se\u00e7ene\u011finden ba\u015fka bir yol yoktu. 2 Ekim 1920\u2019de Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden yard\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fc al\u0131nd\u0131. Baron Unger komutas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 asker Onon Nehri havzas\u0131na geldi. “B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu yeniden kurulacak” parolas\u0131yla 4 \u015eubat 1921\u2019de ba\u015fkent al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Bogd Han tekrar tahta geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bogd Han, Baron Unger\u2019i “Ulusal Kahraman” unvan\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirdi.<\/p>\n

1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan Halk Partisi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni hedeflerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmet belirlendi. Mo\u011fol tarihinde \u00f6nemli yeri olan S\u00fchbaatar askeri vali olarak g\u00f6reve geldi. 1921 Devrimi sonucunda Mo\u011folistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu devrim, Mo\u011fol tarihinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. 1911 Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Devrimi’nin ard\u0131ndan Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin belgede, yeni tasarlanan Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi vurgulanarak “Uluslararas\u0131 toplumda herkesin kendi bayra\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bayrak, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm egemenli\u011fini ifade etmelidir.”<\/em> denmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130lk Bayra\u011f\u0131 1911 (Bulag, 2012: 7)<\/p>\n

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Mo\u011folistan Milli Tarih M\u00fczesi\u2019nde yer alan bayrak<\/p><\/div>\n

Mo\u011fol Bayraklar\u0131nda Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Yans\u0131malar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mo\u011fol akademisyenleri taraf\u0131ndan ilk Mo\u011fol devleti ve Mo\u011follar\u0131n kadim atalar\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Xiongnu’nun (Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu)[1]<\/a> bayra\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen internet sitelerinde Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Xiongnu’nun armas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay oldu\u011fu bilgisi vard\u0131r. Burada belirtilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli bir nokta ise g\u00fcne\u015f ve ayd\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f ve ay eski medeniyetlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclen semboller aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda g\u00fcne\u015fe ve aya sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilirdi. Hatta kurbanlar bile verilmekteydi.[2]<\/a> G\u00fcne\u015f, Do\u011fu\u2019yu, Ay ise Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 sembolize etmektedir. Orta Asya\u2019daki \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n, ke\u00e7e evlerin kap\u0131s\u0131 Do\u011fu\u2019ya do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya T\u00fcrklerinde G\u00f6k ve G\u00fcne\u015f \u00f6nemli bir konumdayd\u0131. Mani dininin etkisiyle Ay, daha fazla \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karak Ay-Ka\u011fan gibi unvanlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Efsanelerde yer alan erkek kahramanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun ad\u0131 Ay-Han\u2019d\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u015eamanist T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol kavimlerinde G\u00fcne\u015f-Anne ve Ay-Baba\u2019dan s\u00f6z edilmektedir.[3]<\/a> Bu sebepledir ki belirtilen bayraklarda yer alan g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay\u0131n, Hun sembol\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla kaynak bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan Hun d\u00f6neminde ejderha fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yer almas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Ancak bu durumu, \u00c7in ile y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca yan yana ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekebilir.[4]<\/a> Hunlar\u0131n ba\u015fkentlerine Ejderha \u015eehri (Lung Cheng) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri de kaynaklarda yer almaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Hun bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015f, ay veya ejderha olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

1206 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc mavisi arka plan\u0131nda, beyaz bir \u015fahini tasvir etti\u011fi, \u00e7e\u015fitli internet sitelerinde belirtilmektedir. 1270 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ise beyaz renkli g\u00fcne\u015f, ay ve ate\u015fin, mavi bir arka plan \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Yuan Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131ndan Mo\u011follar\u0131n Qing Hanedan\u0131’n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girene kadar bu bayra\u011f\u0131n Mo\u011follar\u0131n bayra\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. En az 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceden miras kalan g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131ndaki Soyombo yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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1206 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

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1271 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

Bir Bayra\u011f\u0131n Maceras\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1911\u2019de Man\u00e7ulara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi, 1921 Halk Devrimi ve modern Mo\u011folistan bayra\u011f\u0131 ile armas\u0131, halk\u0131n iradesini sembolize etmektedir. Mo\u011folistan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda vatanseverlik ve milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u2018Milli Bayrak G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 kutlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda milletvekilleri S. Byambatsogt ve J. S\u00fckhbaatar taraf\u0131ndan Mo\u011folistan meclisine sunulmu\u015ftur. Ulaanbaatar Askeri Birli\u011fi, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana geleneksel olarak her y\u0131l 10 Temmuz’da \u2018Milli Bayrak G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ad\u0131na bir ge\u00e7it t\u00f6reni d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Ballis, William, \u201cThe Pattern Of Sino-Soviet Treaties, 1945-1950\u201d<\/p>\n

Bulag, Uradyn E (2012). Independence as Restoration: Chinese and Mongolian Declarations of Independence and the 1911 Revolutions. The Asia-Pacific Journal<\/em>. Vol. 10, Issue 52: 3<\/p>\n

Ercilasun, Konuralp, T\u00fcrk Tarihinde Asya Hunlar\u0131, Birinci H\u00e2kimiyet D\u00f6nemi, Derg\u00e2h Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2019<\/p>\n

\u0415\u0440\u04e9\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d 12 \u0416\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d 6 \u0414\u04af\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0411\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433<\/p>\n

\u0415\u0440\u04e9\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d 12 \u0416\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d 11 \u0414\u04af\u0433\u044d\u044d\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0411\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.legalinfo.mn\/law\/details\/367<\/a> (Mo\u011folistan Anayasas\u0131)<\/p>\n

Mongoltoli. mn, \u201c\u0435\u0441\u04e9\u043d \u0445\u04e9\u043b\u0442 \u0446\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0433\u201d<\/p>\n

Mongoltoli. mn, \u201c\u0441\u043e\u0451\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u201d<\/p>\n

Mongoltoli. mn, \u201c\u0448\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u201d<\/p>\n

\u041d. \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u04e9\u0433\u0441, \u201c\u0425\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0441 1956-1960 \u041e\u043d\u0434 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0434 \u0417\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043b\u0436 \u041e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0443\u0446\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0433\u04af\u0439 \u0422\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0436, \u0425\u04e9\u043d\u0433\u04e9\u043b\u04e9\u043b\u0442\u0442\u044d\u0439 \u0417\u044d\u044d\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04ae\u0440 \u0414\u04af\u043d\u0433 \u0428\u0438\u043d\u0436\u043b\u044d\u0445 \u041d\u044c\u201d<\/p>\n

\u041b\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439, \u201c\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0441 \u041d\u044d\u0433\u0434\u0441\u044d\u043d \u04ae\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044b\u043d \u0413\u0438\u0448\u04af\u04af\u043d \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043e\u043d \u041d\u044c. \u0422\u04af\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u04af\u04af\u0445\u044d\u043d \u0410\u0447 \u0425\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043b\u201d<\/p>\n

\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0442\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 (19001950. mn)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u201c\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0422\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440\u201d (montsame. mn)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u04e8\u043d\u04e9\u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 \u0422\u04e9\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0430\u043d\u044b \u04e9\u0434\u04e9\u0440 (eagle. mn)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6gel, Bahaeddin, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihine Giri\u015f VI, T\u00fcrklerde Tu\u011f ve Bayrak<\/p>\n

———————, T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi 1<\/p>\n

———————, T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi 2<\/p>\n

\u041f. \u0413\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u044f\u0430, \u201c\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b, \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433 \u04af\u0441\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u04af\u04af\u0441\u044d\u043b \u0445\u04e9\u0433\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043e\u043d\u0446\u043b\u043e\u0433\u201d<\/p>\n

Radchenko, Sergey, \u201cJanuary, \u201c1966 Information About the Visit of the Soviet Party and Government Delegation to Mongolia Headed by Brezhnev\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u0415\u0440\u04e9\u043d\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d 12 \u0416\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0439\u043d 6 \u0414\u04af\u0433\u0430\u0430\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0411\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433, s. 70.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Bahaeddin \u00d6gel, T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi 2<\/em>, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara 1995, s. 187.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Bahaeddin \u00d6gel, T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi 1<\/em>, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara 1995, s. 129, 131.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Konuralp Ercilasun, T\u00fcrk Tarihinde Asya Hunlar\u0131, Birinci H\u00e2kimiyet D\u00f6nemi<\/em>, Derg\u00e2h Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2019, s. 251.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stalin, Mo\u011fol liderlerini \u00e7ok say\u0131da Mo\u011fol ke\u015fi\u015fi bast\u0131rmaya ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131 yok etmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda alevlenen olaylar 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131. 20 bine yak\u0131n din adam\u0131 idam edildi. Ya\u015fanan bu olaylar sonras\u0131nda Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n istekleri do\u011frultusunda kararlar al\u0131nmaya devam etti. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":14915,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66],"tags":[2203,1493,1210,164,2202],"yoast_head":"\nSovyet Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 "Soyombo"suz geleneksel Mo\u011fol Bayra\u011f\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Haziran 1940\u2019da toplanan Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Sekizinci Parlamentosunda yeni anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve 30 Haziran\u2019da yeni anayasa onayland\u0131. Yeni Anayasan\u0131n 93. Maddesinde Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131: \u201cMo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti bayra\u011f\u0131, 1:2 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kuma\u015ftan yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve ortas\u0131nda ulusal amblem bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaylanan Anayasaya g\u00f6re, \u00f6nceki ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131n boyutu kareden dikd\u00f6rtgene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca anayasan\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fcne \u00fclkenin ad\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir.1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ulusal ekonomisinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Kiril alfabesiyle e\u011fitime ba\u015fland\u0131. Okuryazar ki\u015filer yeni alfabeyi \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in hareket ba\u015flatt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu planlar yeni tasarlanan bayra\u011f\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. Mo\u011follarca \u00f6nemli kabul edilen \u201cBe\u015f A\u011f\u0131z Hayvan (At, \u00d6k\u00fcz, Deve, Ke\u00e7i, Koyun)\u201d ve Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 bayra\u011fa eklenmi\u015ftir. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Soyombo, yerini Mo\u011folistan co\u011frafyas\u0131na ve Sovyet k\u0131z\u0131l\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131.\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/sovyet-yildizli-fakat-soyombosuz-geleneksel-mogol-bayragi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sovyet Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 "Soyombo"suz geleneksel Mo\u011fol Bayra\u011f\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Haziran 1940\u2019da toplanan Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Sekizinci Parlamentosunda yeni anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve 30 Haziran\u2019da yeni anayasa onayland\u0131. Yeni Anayasan\u0131n 93. Maddesinde Mo\u011fol bayra\u011f\u0131: \u201cMo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti bayra\u011f\u0131, 1:2 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kuma\u015ftan yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve ortas\u0131nda ulusal amblem bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaylanan Anayasaya g\u00f6re, \u00f6nceki ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131n boyutu kareden dikd\u00f6rtgene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca anayasan\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fcne \u00fclkenin ad\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir.1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ulusal ekonomisinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Kiril alfabesiyle e\u011fitime ba\u015fland\u0131. Okuryazar ki\u015filer yeni alfabeyi \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in hareket ba\u015flatt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu planlar yeni tasarlanan bayra\u011f\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. 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