{"id":15256,"date":"2022-03-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=15256&preview=true&preview_id=15256"},"modified":"2022-03-21T21:25:57","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T18:25:57","slug":"nevruz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/nevruz\/","title":{"rendered":"Nevruz"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da ve T\u00fcrklerde Zaman ve Takvim” <\/em><\/p>\n

makalesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nevruz, Eski Orta Asya ve \u00d6n Asya kavimlerinin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 sayd\u0131klar\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in Ko\u00e7 Burcu\u2019na girdi\u011fi 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc yani Yeni G\u00fcn\u2019d\u00fcr. Nevruz s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130ran kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve tarihte ilk kez \u0130ran\u2019da Ahamenidler zaman\u0131nda (M.\u00d6. 558-331) kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de Eski T\u00fcrkler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Avrasya’ya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Eski Do\u011fu geleneklerinin devam\u0131 olarak kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Hun T\u00fcrkleri, 21 Mart’ta bahar \u015fenlikleri yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 gelenekler, Hunlardan sonra Uygurlarda da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Nevruz ile ilgili inan\u0131\u015flardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ate\u015f ve su k\u00fclt\u00fcne dayanmaktad\u0131r. Nevruz g\u00fcn\u00fc, “Nevruz ate\u015fi” yak\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fczerinden atlan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn sabah\u0131n erken vakitlerinde suyun \u00fczerinden atlama gelene\u011fi de vard\u0131r. Zira T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde “ate\u015f”, ar\u0131tma, temizleme, ayd\u0131nlatma, bolluk-bereket; “su” ise ar\u0131tma, temizlik, bolluk-bereket, canl\u0131l\u0131k, dirilik sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u00d6zbekistan Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131 2016 (Kaynak:AA<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0130slamiyet’ten \u00f6nce Nevruz\u2019un ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ile ilgili birtak\u0131m inan\u0131\u015flar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin Ergenekon ‘dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fcne rastlamakta olup, T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 bu g\u00fcn\u00fc “kurtulu\u015f bayram\u0131” olarak kutlamaktad\u0131r. On iki hayvanl\u0131 eski T\u00fcrk takviminde ise, gece ile g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn e\u015fit oldu\u011fu 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc “y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131” olarak kabul edilmekte, bu g\u00fcnde yeni y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Yine, k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin sona erip bahar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tabiat\u0131n canland\u0131\u011f\u0131, dirildi\u011fi 21 Mart’ta, T\u00fcrkler bu g\u00fcn\u00fc “Bahar Bayram\u0131” olarak kutlanmaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ahamenidler d\u00f6neminden beri nevruz, bir k\u0131s\u0131m vergilerin y\u0131ll\u0131k toplanma tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re yarat\u0131c\u0131, insan\u0131 Nevruz\u2019da yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Ko\u00e7 Burcu\u2019nda toplu olarak bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131ld\u0131zlara kendi feleklerine (g\u00f6klerine) g\u00fctmelerini ve d\u00f6nme\u011fe ba\u015flamalar\u0131n\u0131 da buyurmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran mitolojisine g\u00f6re Nevruz, biri genel, biri de \u00f6zel olmak \u00fczere iki g\u00fcne verilen add\u0131r. Genel anlamda, Cem\u015f\u00eed’in b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, Azerbaycan’da karar k\u0131larak burada yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 saray\u0131n salonunda tahta oturdu\u011fu g\u00fcn demektir. Ferverd\u00een ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcne rastlayan bu g\u00fcn bayram olarak ilan edilmi\u015f, sonra da y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zel anlamda ise, Cem\u015f\u00eed’in \u0130ran taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne denir. Cem\u015f\u00eed, 6 Ferverd\u00een tarihinde tahta \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve l. ve 6. Ferverd\u00een g\u00fcnleri Nevruz bayram\u0131 olarak kutlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Kazakistan Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131 (Kaynak:AA<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2miyetten sonra, Abbas\u00eeler devrinde de bayram olarak kutlanan Nevruz, ayn\u0131 zamanda, S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eelerde oldu\u011fu gibi, yeni y\u0131l vergilerinin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 idi. Ancak, Nevruz’un hasat mevsiminden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce olmas\u0131 baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere sebep olmakta idi. Bu nedenle Hal\u00eefe el-M\u00fctevekkil 859′ da Nevruz g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc 17 hazirana ald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ne var ki, bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik devlet memurlar\u0131nca benimsenmedi ve el-Mu’tad\u0131d, Nevruz g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc 11 hazirana almak zorunda kald\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu veziri Niz\u00e2m\u00fc\u2019l-m\u00fclk ise, \u00d6mer Hayyam\u2019\u0131n (1048-1122) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda astronomlara haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sultan Melik\u015f\u00e2h’a ithaf eyledi\u011fi takvimde Nevruz g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, eski geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, Cel\u00e2l\u00ee Takvimi’nin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc olmak \u00fczere tespit ettirdi. Vergi tahsilat\u0131n\u0131 ise, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden al\u0131nan vergileri hasat mevsimi sonuna, \u00f6teki vergileri de yine Nevruz tarihine ba\u011flayarak iki takside ay\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sistem, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklulardan sonra, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede kurulan b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlerce de uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nevruz’un bayram olarak kutlanmas\u0131, gelenek h\u00e2linde devam edegelmi\u015ftir. S\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00eeler, Abbas\u00eeler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular, Mo\u011follar, Safev\u00eeler ve Osmanl\u0131lar devirlerinde \u0130ran’dan M\u0131s\u0131r’a kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00d6n Asya halklar\u0131 bu g\u00fcn\u00fc ve onu izleyen haftay\u0131 bayram olarak kutlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z Anadolu ve Rumeli’de bu bayram daha sonra yerini H\u0131d\u0131rellez g\u00fcn\u00fcne b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f’in Ko\u00e7 burcuna ge\u00e7i\u015f saatinde ise, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n divanhanesinde toplanan ileri gelen devlet memurlar\u0131 ve vezirler arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 sultan veya padi\u015fahlara sunarlar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da onlardan para veya kaftan gibi hediyeler al\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu g\u00fcn yap\u0131lan macun k\u0131vam\u0131ndaki tatl\u0131ya da Nevr\u00fbziye denilirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, Hunlardan bazen farkl\u0131 isimlerle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fan tabiat\u0131n ve mill\u00ee uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Nevruz \u015fenliklerinin \u015fu isimlerle kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir: Nevruz, Navruz, Novruz, Sultan-\u0131 Nevruz, Sultan-\u0131 Navr\u0131z, Navrez, Nevris, Naorus, Novroz, Navr\u0131s Oy\u0131x, Nevruz Norus, Ulust\u0131n Ulu K\u00fcni, Ulusun Ulu G\u00fcn\u00fc, Ulu K\u00fcn, Ergenekon, Bozkurt, \u00c7a\u011fan, Babu Marta, K\u00fcrkl\u00fc Marta, \u0130lkyaz Yortusu, Yeni G\u00fcn, Yengi K\u00fcn, Yeni Y\u0131l, Mart Dokuzu, Mereke, Meyram, Nartukan, Nartavan, Is\u0131akh Bayram\u0131, Altay K\u00f6d\u00fcrgeni, Bahar Bayram\u0131, Y\u00f6r\u00fck Bayram\u0131, Mevris.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrklerin Ergenekon ‘dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fcne rastlamakta olup, T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 bu g\u00fcn\u00fc “kurtulu\u015f bayram\u0131” olarak kutlamaktad\u0131r. On iki hayvanl\u0131 eski T\u00fcrk takviminde ise, gece ile g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn e\u015fit oldu\u011fu 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc “y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131” olarak kabul edilmekte, bu g\u00fcnde yeni y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":186,"featured_media":15262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66],"tags":[2257,2254,2258,855,2256,2253,2255],"coauthors":[2172],"class_list":["post-15256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","tag-21-mart","tag-bahar-bayrami","tag-ekinoks","tag-ergenekon","tag-ilkbahar","tag-nevruz","tag-yeni-gun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/186"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15256"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15264,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15256\/revisions\/15264"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15256"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=15256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}