{"id":15856,"date":"2022-07-30T19:00:26","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T16:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=15856"},"modified":"2022-07-30T19:28:45","modified_gmt":"2022-07-30T16:28:45","slug":"lozan-antlasmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bahtiyar S\u00fcha Keskin adl\u0131 bir vatanda\u015f yak\u0131n bir zamanda C\u0130MER\u2019e 1923 tarihli Anla\u015fma i\u00e7in \u201cLozan\u2019\u0131n gizli maddeleri var m\u0131?\u201d<\/em> diye sormu\u015f, C\u0130MER \u201cLozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda gizli maddeler bulunmamakta olup, maden \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131za engel te\u015fkil eden bir madde yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/em> Bizim g\u00f6nderdi\u011fimiz yan\u0131t ama ilgili kurumdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z cevab\u0131 g\u00f6nderiyoruz. Bizim resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz de\u011fil.\u201d<\/em> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. Mustafa Budak<\/em>, \u00a0\u201cLozan s\u00fcresiz bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. Gizli bir maddesi de s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Antla\u015fman\u0131n orijinali de b\u00fct\u00fcn evrak\u0131 da ortada. Ayr\u0131ca bu iddialar ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 zaten. Olsayd\u0131 bulunurdu. Varsa \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131nlar. Ger\u00e7eklikle alakas\u0131 yok, dedikodudan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil. Bilimsel bir de\u011feri de yok.\u201d<\/em> demi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Marmara \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden \u00a0Prof. Dr. Ali Satan<\/em> da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir: \u201cLozan\u2019\u0131n gizli bir maddesi yok. Lozan\u2019a dair b\u00fct\u00fcn evrak, raporlar ortada. Aradan 100 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti, olsayd\u0131 mutlaka ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Tarih bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elde ge\u00e7erli hi\u00e7bir veri yok.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden \u00a0Do\u00e7ent Dr. Sevtap Demirci<\/em> \u00a0de \u201c\u0130ngiliz ar\u015fivlerinde g\u00f6rmedi\u011fim, ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m belge kalmad\u0131. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri belgeleri, istihbarat raporlar\u0131, savunma bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgeleri, akla gelen ne varsa. Gizli bir madde oldu\u011funa dair en ufak bir veri yok. T\u00fcrk ar\u015fivlerini de arad\u0131m. Orada da yok. \u2018Var\u2019 diyenler ispat etsin. Olmayan \u015feyin ispat\u0131 olmaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131l d\u00f6neminde\u00a0\u00a0 ba\u015fta Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enleri sayg\u0131 ve sevgi ile an\u0131yorum. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 Cumhuriyetimizin 100\u2019nc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2023\u2019te\u00a0\u00a0son bulacak diyenleri\u00a0\u00a0k\u0131n\u0131yor, bu konuda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerle donat\u0131lan iyi niyetli baz\u0131 \u00fcniversiteli gen\u00e7lerini\u00a0\u00a0de ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rmeye davet ediyorum.<\/em> (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wrSEv72-XZs)<\/p>\n

Bu gen\u00e7lerden ikisi ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir vak\u0131f \u00fcniversitesindeki\u00a0 Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/em> dersimde Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile\u00a0\u00a0imzalanm\u0131\u015f \u201cAnkara Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cKatma Protokol\u00fc\u201d\u2019<\/em> anlat\u0131rken bana Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gizli maddeleri oldu\u011funu, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda son bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordular. Ben de 143 madde aras\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir gizli maddenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, anla\u015fma metninin gerek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde ve gerekse orijinal Frans\u0131zca metninde\u00a0\u00a0bu\u00a0\u00a0maddenin\u00a0\u00a0bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na taraf \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke oldu\u011funu, onayl\u0131 birer \u00f6rne\u011finin t\u00fcm imzac\u0131 \u00fclkelere verildi\u011fini, Lozan\u2019\u0131n, bir veya birka\u00e7 \u00fclke i\u00e7in gizli maddelerinin olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m. Lozan\u2019\u0131 yok savarak Sevr\u2019i canland\u0131rmak isteyenler oldu\u011funu, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 62, 63 ve 64\u2019nc\u00fc maddelerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan<\/em> kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu maddelerin K\u00fcrtlere self determinasyon hakk\u0131 verdi\u011fini \u00a0belirttim ama pek ikna edici olamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylememe ra\u011fmen bana inanmad\u0131lar. Bu iki \u00f6\u011frenciye ve t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131fa Paris\u2019in Sevr (Sevres) banliy\u00f6s\u00fcnde bulunan Seramik M\u00fczesi\u2019nde Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra bu M\u00fcze\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne Ermenilerin s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 an\u0131t\u0131 diktiklerini, b\u00f6ylece Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u2019a at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yledim.<\/em> Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n orijinal Frans\u0131zca asl\u0131n\u0131n Paris\u2019te, Frans\u0131z D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde muhafaza edildi\u011fini \u00f6zellikle belirttim. Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin t\u0131pk\u0131 bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye getirildi\u011fini de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

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Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>, Birinci\u00a0 D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda\u00a010 A\u011fustos 1920<\/em> tarihinde\u00a0 Paris\u2019in bat\u0131 banliy\u00f6s\u00fc Sevr (Sevres) kasabas\u0131ndaki Seramik M\u00fczesi\u2019nde (Mus\u00e9e National de C\u00e9ramique) imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcze, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in\u00a0 Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemi de, Ermenilerin m\u00fczenin \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00a08 Mart 2001\u00a0<\/em>tarihinde \u00a0s\u00f6zde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m An\u0131t\u0131\u00a0<\/em>dikmesidir. An\u0131t\u0131n \u00fczerinde\u00a0\u201c1915\u2019te J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lan 1,5 milyon Ermenin an\u0131s\u0131na\u201d\u00a0<\/em>yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ifade\u00a0 Auschwitz- Birkenau<\/em> toplama kamp\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde de vard\u0131r.\u00a0Bir farkla. 1,5 milyon Yahudi 1,5 milyon Ermeni olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu, uluslararas\u0131 intihaldir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00f6\u011frencime do\u011fru olmayan bilgileri nereden \u00f6\u011frendiklerini sordum. Her iki \u00f6\u011frencim de lisedeki derslerde\u00a0\u00a0kendilerine bu \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine o d\u00f6nemde Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131<\/em> olan, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden arkada\u015f\u0131m Prof. Dr.\u00a0Nabi Avc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n <\/em>\u00f6zel kalemine bu durumu aktararak\u00a0\u00a0say\u0131n Bakan\u2019\u0131n bilgilendirmesini, istendi\u011finde bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin isimlerini verebilece\u011fimi, bu yanl\u0131\u015f ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 bilgileri veren \u00f6\u011fretmenler hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirdim. Bilgi sahibi olmadan fikir sahibi olmamalar\u0131n\u0131, Taha Akyol\u2019un \u201cBilinmeyen Lozan\u201d<\/em> \u00a0kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdim. Akyol\u2019un\u00a0\u00a0ilk Meclis, \u0130ngiltere Avam Kamaras\u0131 ve Lozan Konferans\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131na dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda t\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk zaferi d\u00fc\u015fmana onaylat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, eksikler olsa da yap\u0131labilecek olan\u0131n azamisi o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, <\/strong>Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcren D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye ve kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/em> 23 Temmuz 1923 g\u00fcnl\u00fc Tevhid-i Efkar gazetesinde Ebuzziya Zade Velid, imparatorluk topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131ndan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir ama Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da \u015fu do\u011fru tespiti yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cDelegelerimiz siyasi ve iktisadi istiklalimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mevcudiyetimizi ve milli inki\u015faf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak b\u00fct\u00fcn esaslar\u0131 kurtarmaya muvaffak oldular.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6denerek tasfiye edilmesi, Duyun-u Umumiye \u0130daresine son verilmesinin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131, Musul petrollerinden pay al\u0131nmas\u0131,\u00a0\u00a0ekonomik kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir z\u0131rh olan g\u00fcmr\u00fcklere gecikmeli de olsa egemen olunmas\u0131, kabotaj hakk\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi\u00a0 \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlard\u0131r. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve ona ekli Ticaret S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/em> ile be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir gecikme ile T\u00fcrkiye g\u00fcmr\u00fcklerine hakim olabilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0B\u00f6ylece\u00a0\u00a0Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0yeni gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet sanayile\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin a\u00e7\u0131k pazar\u0131 olmaktan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bu konuda Erhan Bener<\/em>\u2019in\u00a0\u00a0\u201cB\u00fcrokratlar<\/em>\u201d\u00a0(Remzi Kitapevi, 2002) kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildindeki\u00a0\u00a0tespitler\u00a0 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00a0O y\u0131llarda Daimi Temsilci (B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i)\u00a0\u00a0olan\u00a0\u00a0Cahit Kayra,<\/em>\u00a0\u201cOECD T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yard\u0131m Konsorsiyomu\u201d<\/em> nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 devletine kabul ettirilen Duyun-u Umumiye \u015fartlar\u0131na benzetir: \u201cBizim okullarda Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sadece imparatorlu\u011fun co\u011frafya bak\u0131m\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir anla\u015fma diye okuturlar. Oysa i\u00e7indeki ekonomik, mali h\u00fck\u00fcmler bu par\u00e7alanmadan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir. Daha sonra, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, toprak par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na \u00f6nem vermeyen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletler, Sevr\u2019in ekonomik ve mali h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulamakta \u00e7ok direnmi\u015flerdi. Bana kalsa, okullar\u0131m\u0131zda, Lozan\u2019dan \u00e7ok, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 okutmak gerekir. O zaman gen\u00e7lerimiz bug\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi anlayabilirler.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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Kayra\u2019n\u0131n tespitleri do\u011frudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Paris\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m 1985-1990<\/em> d\u00f6neminde\u00a0\u201cOECD T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yard\u0131m Konsorsiyumu\u201d<\/em> toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ad\u0131na\u00a0Planlama M\u00fc\u015favirin <\/em>olarak\u00a0 izliyordum. O d\u00f6nemdeki \u00a0\u00a0geli\u015fmeler Cahit Kayra\u2019n\u0131n yorumuyla\u00a0\u00a0\u201cSevr Dosyas\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Boyut Yay\u0131nlar\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0\u00a0bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lozan\u2019a dil uzatanlar bu kitab\u0131 mutlaka okumal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan\u2019daki ekonomik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u201cT\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisi<\/em>\u201d\u00a0kitab\u0131mda da (Beta, \u0130stanbul) \u00a0ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan\u2019daki ekonomik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131\u00a0\u00a0yerine getiremeyece\u011fi zannedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a024 Temmuz 1973\u00a0tarihinde\u00a0\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye soru y\u00f6nelten Nazmi Kal\u2019a \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn verdi\u011fi cevap \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir:\u00a0\u00a0\u201cBiz Lozan\u2019da \u00f6yle taahh\u00fctler alt\u0131na girdik ki, \u0130tilaf devletleri bizim bu taahh\u00fctleri yerine getiremeyece\u011fimizi zannettiler. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re bizim bunlar\u0131 10 sene i\u00e7inde yerine getirmemiz <\/em>gerekiyordu. Ama biz 5 sene i\u00e7inde yerine getirdik.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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Lozan\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik ba\u015far\u0131 kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em> Taha Akyol\u2019un 26 Temmuz 2017<\/em> tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0\u201cLozan Z\u0131rvalar\u0131<\/em>\u201d\u00a0\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan\u00a0\u00a0karikat\u00fcr, Lozan \u00f6ncesinin ekonomik durumunu anlatmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0\u00a022 Temmuz 1909 tarihinde Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan 14 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kalem dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan karikat\u00fcrde Osmanl\u0131\u00a0\u00a0askeri elinde silah ine\u011fin bek\u00e7ili\u011fini yap\u0131yor, yabanc\u0131lar gelip kovalarla s\u00fct sa\u011farak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da elde edilenleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyenlere bir hat\u0131rlatmada bulunmak\u00a0isterim.\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0Lozan\u2019da m\u00fcttefiklerin kendisinden \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbeli diplomatlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi ve de\u00a0bir asker olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ekonomik bask\u0131lara boyun e\u011fmemi\u015fti. Kendi ifadesiyle Lozan\u2019da en \u00f6nemli bask\u0131, mali ve ekonomik\u00a0\u00a0y\u00f6nde olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/em> \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn mali konulardaki hassasiyetini yans\u0131tan olaylar\u0131 bilmek gerekir:<\/p>\n

“Mali ihtiya\u00e7lar esnas\u0131nda, ben bir defa, 5 milyon lira kadar bir kredi a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir banka ile m\u00fczakereye girilmesini arzu etmi\u015ftim.<\/u> Bana gelen cevapta, sene i\u00e7inde devam edecek 5 milyon liral\u0131k bir kredi de bir istikraz demektir, istikraz muamelesini tamamlayarak konu\u015fma a\u00e7abiliriz, deniliyordu. Anlad\u0131m ki, eski fikirler oldu\u011fu gibi duruyor. En ufaktan, ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bunald\u0131k kanaati has\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131 silmek laz\u0131md\u0131r. Derhal cevap verdim: \u0130htiyac\u0131m\u0131z yoktur, meselemiz de yoktur. Kestim, att\u0131m. Bu \u015fekil muamele, \u00f6yle bir memlekete yap\u0131l\u0131yor ki, bu memleket iki as\u0131rdan beri mali iktidars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u00e7eride idaresini d\u00fczeltememi\u015f, hi\u00e7bir kalk\u0131nma yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kendi kudreti ile yapamam\u0131\u015f, bunu daima yabanc\u0131 devletlerin istikrazlar\u0131ndan beklemeye al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve nihayet istikrazlarla g\u00fcnl\u00fck idarenin ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131rken, bunu b\u00fcy\u00fck faizle, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ihra\u00e7 fiyat\u0131 ile yaparken, ayn\u0131 zamanda birtak\u0131m imtiyazlar vermeye de al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir idareyi anane olarak takip ederek gelmi\u015f bir memleketi her zaman amana getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kanaatindeydiler. Bunu bana muahede esnas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ktan s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi. Bu dikkatle, memleketin ihtiya\u00e7 zamanlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck buhran devirleri atlat\u0131labilmi\u015f, Lozan Muahedesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin temellerine toz kondurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r… Kabotaj hakk\u0131, yani kendi karasular\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi sanca\u011f\u0131 ile nakliyesinin idare edilmesi hakk\u0131, iki sene sonra kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere bir kayda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Lord<\/u> Curzon ile bir gece toplant\u0131s\u0131nda bulundum. Beraberdik. \u0130kimiz vard\u0131k, bir de Amerika Murahhas\u0131 \u00c7hajld<\/u> vard\u0131. Curzon bana dedi ki ‘Konferanstan bir neticeye varaca\u011f\u0131z. Ama memnun ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131z. Hi\u00e7bir i\u015fte bizi memnun etmiyorsunuz. Hi\u00e7bir dedi\u011fimizi makul oldu\u011funa, hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul etmiyorsunuz. Hepsini reddediyorsunuz. En nihayet \u015fu kanaate vard\u0131k ki, ne reddederseniz hepsini cebimize at\u0131yoruz. Memleketiniz harapt\u0131r \u0130mar etmeyecek misiniz? Bunun i\u00e7in paraya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Paray\u0131 nereden bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z? Para bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bir bende var, bir de bu yan\u0131mdakinde. Unutmay\u0131n, ne reddederseniz hepsi cebimdedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nereden para bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z, Frans\u0131zlardan m\u0131?” Ben, evet dedim Curzon s\u00f6zlerine devam etti: \u201c<\/u>Para kimsede yok. Ancak biz verebiliriz. Memnun olmazsak kimden alacaks\u0131n\u0131z? Harap bir memleketi nas\u0131l kurtaracaks\u0131n\u0131z? \u0130htiya\u00e7 sebebiyle yar\u0131n para istemek i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelip diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz zaman, bug\u00fcn reddettiklerinizi cebimizden birer birer \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p size g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz.\u201d Lord <\/u>Curzon\u2019nun<\/u> s\u00f6zleri bitti\u011fi zaman kendisine dedim ki, \u015fimdi meseleleri halledelim, para istemek i\u00e7in gelirsem o zaman g\u00f6sterisiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lord Curzon\u2019un bu s\u00f6zleri kula\u011f\u0131mda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fi her yerde hat\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Lozan Konferans\u0131 olal\u0131 45 sene ge\u00e7ti. Bu s\u00f6zleri hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmad\u0131m. Bu 45 sene i\u00e7inde para almak i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etti\u011fimiz her yerde bu ihtimalleri g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Hakikat \u015fudur ki, \u0130kinci Cihan Harbi kap\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcnceye kadar mali bak\u0131mdan bize kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Ve T\u00fcrkiye kendisini kendi al\u0131n teri ile tamir ederek \u0130kinci Cihan Harbi\u2019ni idrak etmi\u015ftir.” (<\/strong>http:\/\/www.ismetinonu.org.tr\/lozan-antlasmasi.htm)<\/em><\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 konusunda son s\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0 Atat\u00fcrk\u00a0\u00a0s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cSayg\u0131de\u011fer Efendiler, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 esaslar\u0131, di\u011fer bar\u0131\u015f teklifleriyle daha \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk Ulus\u2019una y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck bir suikast\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir belgedir. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde benzeri bulunmayan bir siyasal utku eseridir\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(1927, S\u00f6ylev, II, s. 76, 24 Temmuz 1933, Hakimiyet-i Milliye Gazetesi) Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmeyi ise \u0130ngiliz Sir Andrew Ryan\u00a0<\/em> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:\u00a0\u201cLozan\u2019da onursuz bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalad\u0131k. Lozan, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0\u015fimdiye\u00a0\u00a0kadar imzalam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n en u\u011fursuzu, en mutsuzu, en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Kemal\u00a0 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu <\/em>\u00a0TBMM a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn bayram olarak kutlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren teklif vereceklerini\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, Nil\u00fcfer Belediyesi ve Bursa Lozan M\u00fcbadilleri K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan G\u00f6r\u00fckle \u0130pekspor Sahas\u0131’nda organize edilen “B\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcbadil Bulu\u015fmas\u0131”<\/em> program\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, “Onlar cumhuriyeti sevmiyorlar, onlar demokrasiyi sevmiyorlar. Bu \u00fclkede yoksulluk i\u00e7inde m\u00fccadele verdik. Kanlar\u0131m\u0131zla m\u00fccadeleyi verdik. Dedelerimiz, babalar\u0131m\u0131z bu m\u00fccadeleyi verdi. \u015eimdi hep beraber T\u00fcrkiye’yi b\u00fcy\u00fctme zaman\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’yi geli\u015ftirme zaman\u0131. Bunun m\u00fccadelesini verece\u011fiz” <\/em>demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 99. y\u0131l\u0131 \u00a0sebebiyle yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj da \u00f6nemlidir: “T\u00fcrkiye, 2023’e Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyetimizin 100. y\u0131l\u0131na emin ad\u0131mlarla ilerlerken b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel meselelerdeki etkin konumunu peki\u015ftirmektedir\u2026 Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucu belgelerinden olan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 99’ncu y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc idrak ediyoruz. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla kara s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7izilmi\u015f, kapit\u00fclasyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Yunanistan’da kalan T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za yak\u0131n Yunan adalar\u0131n\u0131n gayr\u0131 askeri stat\u00fcs\u00fc teyit edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, imzalanmas\u0131ndan bu yana ge\u00e7en 99 y\u0131l\u0131k zaman zarf\u0131nda Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle takip etmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilinmelidir ki Lozan’\u0131 be\u011fenmeyenler Sevr’e (Sevres) zemin haz\u0131rlarlar.<\/em> Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde sayg\u0131n bir \u00fclke olarak yer almam\u0131z\u0131n tapusu olan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hangi \u015fartlarda imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bug\u00fcne yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilmemiz gerekir: Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00a0tapu senedir.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Atat\u00fcrk Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 “Siyasal Utku” diye nitelendirirken \u0130ngiliz Sir Andrew Ryan’\u0131n\u00a0de\u011ferlendirmesi \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur:\u00a0\u201cLozan\u2019da onursuz bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalad\u0131k.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[417,2386,2387,2389,2388],"yoast_head":"\nLozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Atat\u00fcrk Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 "Siyasal Utku" diye nitelendirirken \u0130ngiliz Sir Andrew Ryan'\u0131n\u00a0de\u011ferlendirmesi \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur:\u00a0\u201cLozan\u2019da onursuz bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalad\u0131k."\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-30T16:00:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-30T16:28:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-07-30-at-18.20.38.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 dakika\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mdmLogo-yazisiz.jpg\",\"width\":422,\"height\":422,\"caption\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"name\":\"M\\u0130SAK- Mill\\u00ee Strateji Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Kurulu\",\"description\":\"D\\u00fcnyaya T\\u00fcrk\\u00e7\\u00fc Bak\\u0131\\u015f\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2022-07-30-at-18.20.38.jpeg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/lozan-antlasmasi\/\",\"name\":\"Lozan Antla\\u015fmas\\u0131 - 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