{"id":16804,"date":"2023-02-19T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=16804&preview=true&preview_id=16804"},"modified":"2023-02-18T21:16:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-18T18:16:17","slug":"yilmaz-ozdilin-ataturk-uclemesi-hakkinda-anka-kusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/yilmaz-ozdilin-ataturk-uclemesi-hakkinda-anka-kusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil\u2019in Atat\u00fcrk \u00dc\u00e7lemesi Hakk\u0131nda: Anka Ku\u015fu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bilge Ercilasun’un, Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil’in Atat\u00fcrk ile ilgili son 3 <\/em><\/p>\n

kitab\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi yaz\u0131 dizisinin 4. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/em><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 dizisinin 1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 dizisinin 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 dizisinin 3. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7lemenin son kitab\u0131 Anka Ku\u015fu<\/em><\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Burada 1923-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lanlar konu ediliyor. Yazar Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015fundan ba\u015flayarak, yap\u0131lan devrimleri, meydana getirilen kurumlar\u0131, devrim ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma konusunda at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 somut \u00f6rneklerle ve dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelerle anlat\u0131yor.\u00b9<\/p>\n

Kitap Mustafa Necati\u2019ye ithaf edilmi\u015ftir. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6z ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u201cBir kelime ile ifade etmek laz\u0131m gelirse, yeni T\u00fcrkiye devleti, halk devletidir, halk\u0131n devletidir. Mazi m\u00fcesseseleri ise, \u015fah\u0131s devleti idi, \u015fah\u0131slar devleti idi.\u201d (s. 7).<\/em><\/p>\n

Kitap Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131n ilk sayfalar\u0131nda 28 Ekim 1923 gecesi Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn oturdu\u011fu oda \u015f\u00f6yle tasvir ediliyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cHava kararm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7ankaya\u2019daki iki katl\u0131 ba\u011f evinin, ah\u015fap pencerelerinden gaz lambalar\u0131n\u0131n c\u0131l\u0131z \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131z\u0131yor, bah\u00e7edeki kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yapraklar\u0131nda belli belirsiz g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131 yarat\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00f6steri\u015ften uzak ama, kelimenin tam manas\u0131yla manevi m\u00fccevher kutusu olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odas\u0131nda, siyah maroken koltu\u011fundayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Duvar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu Osman Gazi\u2019nin karakalem portresi as\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131, k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde Timur\u2019un 530 y\u0131ll\u0131k Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i vard\u0131, masas\u0131nda alt\u0131n i\u015flemeli kama duruyordu, yerde ise devasa boyutlu bembeyaz bir ay\u0131 postu seriliydi, Rus el\u00e7isinin arma\u011fan\u0131yd\u0131, bir sehpan\u0131n \u00fczerinde Wagner\u2019in tun\u00e7tan heykeli, bir ba\u015fka sehpan\u0131n \u00fczerinde Shakespeare\u2019in tun\u00e7tan heykeli bulunuyordu\u2026 Bu atmosfer i\u00e7inde dalg\u0131n dalg\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u201d (s. 9).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cYemek salonundaki maun cilal\u0131 masa, 10 ki\u015filikti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sandalyeleri k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kuma\u015f kapl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sar\u0131 yald\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7atal b\u0131\u00e7ak tak\u0131m\u0131 p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l parl\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pe\u00e7eteler G. M. K. armal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Alt\u0131\u015far mumlu g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u015famdanlar vard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Masa gibi maun cilal\u0131 b\u00fcfe \u00fczerinde Longines marka \u2018may\u0131n\u2019<\/strong> \u015feklinde masa saati bulunuyordu, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck boy deniz kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bej perdeler ard\u0131na kadar a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle g\u00f6z ucuyla pencereden bakt\u0131, lacivert bir geceydi.\u201d (s. 8-9).<\/em><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki sat\u0131rlarda bir romanc\u0131 \u00fcslubuyla bir oda i\u00e7i tasviri yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yazar Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ruh durumunu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli h\u00e2lini, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 atmosferle de birle\u015ftirerek usta bir \u015fekilde vermektedir. Bu tasvirden sonra Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn sofraya giderek arkada\u015flar\u0131yla bulu\u015ftu\u011fu ve onlara \u201cYar\u0131n Cumhuriyet\u2019i ilan edece\u011fiz\u201d,<\/strong> dedi\u011fi belirtilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kitapta Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk 15 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen pek \u00e7ok devrime yer verilmi\u015f. Biz burada en \u00f6nemli buldu\u011fumuz ve tesirli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz baz\u0131 noktalar \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131klar<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

Yazar o g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumu anlat\u0131yor. \u0130lk olarak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ne kadar yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu, toplumun hastal\u0131klar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne kadar korunmas\u0131z bulundu\u011funu belirtiyor:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cBe\u015f bin k\u00f6yde s\u0131\u011f\u0131r vebas\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hayvanlar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, insanlar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir milyon ki\u015fi frengiliydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130ki milyon ki\u015fi s\u0131tmayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 milyon ki\u015fi trahomluydu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Verem, tif\u00fcs, tifo, salg\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne salg\u0131n vard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bit\u2019le ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lam\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bebek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeydi.\u201d<\/em> (s. 11-12).<\/p>\n

Bu sat\u0131rlar, durumun vahametini ve ciddiyetini g\u00f6stermek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu devrimlerin, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ilerlemelerin hangi \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Devrimler ve Kurumlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan devrimler ve kurulan m\u00fcesseseler belirtiliyor. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na e\u011fitim i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen gen\u00e7ler ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Yazar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerde kolay kolay rastlanamayacak ve kolay ula\u015f\u0131lamayacak bilgileri ve verileri bir araya toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor (\u0130lk meden\u00ee nik\u00e2h\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lmas\u0131, ilk otob\u00fcs\u00fcn sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi). B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, unutulmayacak karakterde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve somut \u00f6rnekler olarak kitapta yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurumlar\u0131 sadece g\u00f6revleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli de\u011fildirler, ayn\u0131 zamanda birer k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi ve medeniyet temsilcisi, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve kurucusu h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7evreleriyle birlikte sembolle\u015fmi\u015flerdir\u2026 Yazar bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekiyor, yeni olu\u015fturulan kurumlar\u0131 ve binalar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evreleriyle birlikte ele al\u0131yor ve tan\u0131t\u0131yor. Kitapta pek \u00e7ok kurum ve kurulu\u015f hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Biz burada \u00f6rnek olarak sadece tren istasyonlar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki yorumlar\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131z. Yazar yeni yap\u0131lan istasyonlar\u0131n birer k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak ne kadar anlaml\u0131 ve de\u011ferli oldu\u011funu, \u00e7evresine ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, b\u00f6lge b\u00f6lge \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu sat\u0131rlarla anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cAnkara-Kayseri yolu t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk tren hatt\u0131yd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sivas, Malatya, Ni\u011fde, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Diyarbak\u0131r pe\u015f pe\u015fe a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Anca ka\u011fn\u0131yla gidilebilen zorlu co\u011frafyalara, insan\u00fcst\u00fc gayretle, inan\u0131lmaz bir s\u00fcratle ray d\u00f6\u015feniyor, hatlar birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tren istasyonlar\u0131 sadece tren getirmiyordu, lojman, misafirhane, sosyal lokal, restoran, PTT gibi ilavelerle, \u015fehrin modernle\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu, fabrika yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na f\u0131rsat yarat\u0131yordu. Oteller, yeni konut alanlar\u0131, apartmanlar, yeni mahalleler, istasyon caddelerinin etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fuyordu. Anadolu insan\u0131, tren istasyonlar\u0131 sayesinde, sinemayla, tiyatroyla, konserle, peyzaj mimarisiyle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130stasyon bah\u00e7esinde d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yapmak moda olmu\u015ftu, prestij g\u00f6stergesiydi. Demirspor kul\u00fcpleri sayesinde, futbol, voleybol, basketbol, g\u00fcre\u015f, tenis gibi bran\u015flar yay\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lokomotifler \u015fehir \u015fehir Cumhuriyet\u2019i ta\u015f\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/em> (s. 91).<\/p>\n

Bunlardan bir di\u011feri elektri\u011fin yayg\u0131n h\u00e2le getirilmesidir. Elektri\u011fin gelmesinin, yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131n ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Eskiden kapkaranl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnen sokaklar ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, hayat\u0131n kolayla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan elektrikli ev aletleri sat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlarda taksit imk\u00e2n\u0131 da uygulanarak halk\u0131n kolay eri\u015fmesi sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (s 189-192).<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka nokta, \u015fehircilik konusunun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u015fehir mimarisine \u00f6nem verilmesidir. Ankara\u2019n\u0131n imar plan\u0131 i\u00e7in Alman mimar Hermann Jansen\u2019in modern bir \u015fehircilik plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. En \u00f6nemli kurulu\u015flardan biri olan Halkevlerinin olu\u015fumu ve fonksiyonu, kitapta ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak yer alan kurumlardan bir di\u011feridir. Yazar \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler vererek bu konuyu vurgular.<\/p>\n

\u201cHalkevleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sanat etkinlikleriyle, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleriyle, ayd\u0131nlanma devrimini Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleriydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019i i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmeyi hedefliyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tiyatrolar sahneleniyor, konserler d\u00fczenleniyor, filmler g\u00f6steriliyor, konferanslar veriliyordu. \u0130lk be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Halkevleri\u2019nden faydalanan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 6 milyonu bulmu\u015ftu!\u201d<\/em> (s. 224).<\/p>\n

Yazar devam ediyor: Sergiler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, spor \u015fenlikleri yap\u0131l\u0131r, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti verilir, ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine g\u0131da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, okuma yazma kurslar\u0131, bi\u00e7ki-diki\u015f, ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, elektrik\u00e7ilik, marangozluk gibi meslek edindirme kurslar\u0131 da verilmektedir. \u00d6\u011fretmenler g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerdeki Halkevleri\u2019nin orkestras\u0131 ve bandosu vard\u0131r. Korolar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cKarag\u00f6z, kukla, meddah gibi geleneksel sanatlar ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Toplumsal kalk\u0131nma projesiydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

F\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi projesiydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u0131rsalda ya\u015fayan ve y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kaderine terk edilen, imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, \u00e7aresizli\u011fe mahk\u00fbm edilen insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarma projesiydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

(T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u00fclkeler seviyesine \u00e7\u0131karacak olan, gericili\u011fin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131yacak olan bu ayd\u0131nlanma projesi, maalesef, Demokrat Parti\u2019nin iktidara gelir gelmez k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cumhuriyet projelerinden biri oldu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Adnan Menderes ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 1951\u2019de kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Halkevleri\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131na kilit vurulurken, e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak, tekkelerin\/medreselerin yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6z yummak, elbette tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildi.)<\/em>\u201d (s. 225).<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli yenilik, Ticaret Kanununun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Memlekette ticaret yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n elindeydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de T\u00fcrks\u00fcz bir sistem kurulmu\u015f, ticareti T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve levantenler yapmaya devam etmi\u015fler, onlar zenginle\u015fmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkler ise yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yazar magazin taraf\u0131n\u0131 da ihmal etmemi\u015f, geni\u015f olarak yer vermi\u015f. G\u00fczellik krali\u00e7eleri, g\u00fczellik salonlar\u0131, reklamlar, restoranlar, e\u011flence hayat\u0131 ve merak\u0131, plajlar kitapta yer alan ve ilgi \u00e7eken konulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitapta pek \u00e7ok sosyal kalk\u0131nma projesi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan pek \u00e7ok kurulu\u015fa yer verilmi\u015f. Kayseri Dokuma Fabrikas\u0131 da bunlardan biridir (s. 362). O g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f devasa bir fabrika kurulmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn makineler Rusya\u2019dan getirilmi\u015f, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir kuru\u015f \u00f6denmeyip borcun tamam\u0131 ya\u015f sebze-meyveyle \u00f6denmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sanat<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00dczerinde durulan konulardan biri de sanatt\u0131r. Kitapta sanat \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u015fahsi olarak de\u011fer verdi\u011fi ve \u00c7ankaya\u2019da yer verdi\u011fi tablolar, biblolar gibi k\u0131ymetli e\u015fyalar tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor ve onlar\u0131n de\u011ferinden bahsediliyor. Di\u011fer taraftan film ve m\u00fcze eksikli\u011finden s\u00f6z ediliyor. Bunlardan biri Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 evin ihmal edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar bizdeki bu ihmali Meksika\u2019n\u0131n tavr\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Tro\u00e7ki \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f, B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019ya, sonra Norve\u00e7\u2019e gitmi\u015f, sonunda da Meksika\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f, 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus istihbarat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Meksika\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ev m\u00fcze haline getirilmi\u015f, her y\u0131l on binlerce turist taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilmektedir. \u201cPeki ya bizde? B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fklerin biri sat\u0131ld\u0131, biri harabe!\u201d<\/em> diyerek hay\u0131flan\u0131r (s. 144-145).<\/p>\n

Film<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kitab\u0131n en ilgi \u00e7ekici yanlar\u0131ndan biri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve mucizevi olaylar\u0131 ele almas\u0131, bunlara dikkat \u00e7ekmesi ve bunlar hakk\u0131nda film yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirilmesidir. Bu arada bunlar\u0131n Bat\u0131daki benzerleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu suretle eksiklik daha \u00e7ok vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6rnek se\u00e7tik. Hik\u00e2yeler \u00e7ok enteresan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in burada bir kez daha tekrarlamak istiyoruz. Bunlardan birincisi Uceymi Sadun Pa\u015fan\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir. Irakl\u0131 Uceymi Sadun Pa\u015fa Arap a\u015fireti lideridir. Kuvay\u0131 Milliye kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal\u2019le Halep\u2019te tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 duymaktad\u0131r. Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019de Mustafa Kemal\u2019in davetlisi olarak gelmi\u015f ve Urfa\u2019da Frans\u0131zlarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak onlara kan kusturmu\u015ftur. Mustafa Kemal bunu asla unutmam\u0131\u015f, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda onu kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131na davet etmi\u015ftir. Uceymi Sadun Pa\u015fa Gaziantep\u2019e gelmi\u015f, kendisine toprak verilmi\u015f, d\u00f6rt bin n\u00fcfuslu a\u015firetiyle birlikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Soyad\u0131 kanunu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca S\u00fcmer soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve Ankara\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bundan sonras\u0131n\u0131 yazar\u0131n kaleminden takip edelim:<\/p>\n

\u201c1960\u2019ta 73 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken rahmetli oldu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Naa\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131na sar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkentimizde asker\u00ee t\u00f6renle topra\u011fa verildi.<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u0130ngiliz casusu Lawrense\u2019\u0131n ma\u015fas\u0131 olsayd\u0131, kendisine teklif edilen serveti alarak, T\u00fcrkleri s\u0131rt\u0131ndan vursayd\u0131, eminim Hollywood\u2019da filmleri \u00e7ekilirdi, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya tan\u0131rd\u0131\u2026 T\u00fcrk dostu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, maalesef, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bile tan\u0131nmayan kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri olarak kald\u0131.\u201d<\/em> (s. 90-91).<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer olay, Manisal\u0131 Moris \u015einasi\u2019nin hik\u00e2yesidir. Moris, Sefarad Yahudisi Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Manisa\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f, yoksul bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fudur. Okumas\u0131 yazmas\u0131 olmayan Moris, Yahudi mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bek\u00e7ilik yapar. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Moris Eskenazi\u2019dir. Dokuz ya\u015f\u0131nda difteriye yakalan\u0131r. \u00d6lmek \u00fczere iken \u015einasi ad\u0131nda bir T\u00fcrk hekim taraf\u0131ndan hayata d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken karde\u015fi Salomon\u2019la birlikte \u0130skenderiye\u2019ye gidiyor. 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor ve Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131 oluyor. \u015einasi soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f adam\u0131 oluyor. Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en zengin i\u015f adamlar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015f, 1928\u2019de vefat etmi\u015ftir. Yazar bundan sonras\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cO g\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kimsenin haberi yoktu\u2026 Vefat etti\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ki, Moris \u015einasi servetinin 1 milyon dolar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Manisa\u2019ya bir \u00e7ocuk hastanesi kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hem Manisa\u2019y\u0131 unutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem \u00e7ocukken \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hem de, doktor \u015einasi ad\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak istiyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vasiyetine g\u00f6re, 1 milyon dolar\u0131n 200 bin dolar\u0131yla hastane in\u015fa edilecek, geriye kalan 800 bin dolar Amerikan borsas\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lacak, devlet tahvili sat\u0131n al\u0131nacak, her y\u0131l borsadan elde edilen gelir yine hastaneye ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanacakt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Moris \u015einasi\u2019nin e\u015fi Laurette, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ankara\u2019n\u0131n vasiyetnameden o g\u00fcn haberi oldu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel kanun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, hastanenin in\u015faat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak malzemeler ve ABD\u2019den ithal edilecek t\u0131bb\u00ee cihazlar vergiden muaf tutuldu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dccretsiz arsa tahsis edildi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Derhal temel at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Moris \u015einasi Milletleraras\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Hastanesi\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

40 yatakl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yine vasiyeti gere\u011fi, Moris \u015einasi\u2019nin bedeni yak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00fclleri Manisa\u2019ya getirildi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hastanenin duvar\u0131na Moris \u015einasi\u2019nin do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fehre hediyesi yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir plaka tak\u0131ld\u0131, k\u00fclleri o an\u0131 plakas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/em><\/p>\n

Moris \u015einasi, vasiyetinin takibi i\u00e7in Chemical Bank\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Amerikan borsas\u0131ndan her y\u0131l ortalama 35 bin dolar gelir elde ediliyordu ve 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu para gelmeye devam ediyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hollywood burada olsayd\u0131, defalarca filmi \u00e7ekilirdi\u2026 Moris \u015einasi\u2019nin do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklara g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi vefa, maalesef kendisine g\u00f6sterilmedi.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ne filmi \u00e7ekildi, ne belgeseli yap\u0131ld\u0131, ne kitab\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vefas\u0131zl\u0131k sadece bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moris \u015einasi \u00c7ocuk Hastanesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131!<\/em><\/p>\n

(Adeta sihirli bir el devredeydi, Cumhuriyet\u2019in k\u00f6klerine dair madd\u00ee\/manev\u00ee ne de\u011fer varsa, imha ediyordu.)\u201d<\/em> (s. 132-133).<\/p>\n

Burada yer vermek istedi\u011fimiz bir di\u011fer olay, Cemil polisin hik\u00e2yesidir. Cemil polis 1919 A\u011fustosunda \u0130stanbul i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndayken, G\u00fclhane Park\u0131\u2019nda devriye gezmektedir. Frans\u0131z \u00fcniformal\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 Senegal askerinin bir T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131na sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131k etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kad\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k atarak yard\u0131m istemektedir. Cemil hemen m\u00fcdahale eder, Frans\u0131z askerleri ellerini t\u00fcfeklerine at\u0131nca silah\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eker ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc de vurur. Biri \u00f6l\u00fcr. Cemil teslim olur. \u0130\u015fgal kuvvetleri mahkemesi ona m\u00fcebbet k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131 verir. Cemil G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya, \u015eeytan Adas\u0131 olarak bilinen Frans\u0131z Guyana\u2019s\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. \u201cOras\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fc cehennemidir. Cemil \u0130ki defa ka\u00e7maya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmi\u015f, ama yakalanm\u0131\u015f ve prangaya vurulmu\u015ftur\u201d.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cMustafa Kemal Cemil\u2019i asla unutmad\u0131! T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131yla tesis ettikten sonra, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isini \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan Cemil\u2019i memleketine iade edin<\/strong>, dedi. On y\u0131l s\u00fcren yaz\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra Cemil serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1929 y\u0131l\u0131 nisan ay\u0131nda yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Yurduna 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/em><\/p>\n

Giderken tek kelime Frans\u0131zca bilmiyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde neredeyse T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi unutmu\u015ftu. Pangalt\u0131 karakolunda g\u00f6revine d\u00f6nd\u00fc, Ery\u00fcrek soyad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hanri Charriere isimli Frans\u0131z yazar, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda cinayetten tutuklanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015eeytan Adas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadelesinden sonra, Hindistan cevizlerinden sal yaparak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Kelebek ad\u0131yla roman haline getirdi. Roman\u0131n 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollywood\u2019da filmi \u00e7ekildi. Gi\u015fe rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan \u015eeytan Adas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilen kahraman T\u00fcrk polisi Cemil\u2019in, yani T\u00fcrk Kelebek\u2019in hik\u00e2yesi ise\u2026 Mill\u00ee m\u00fccadele tarihimizin tozlu raflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kald\u0131.\u201d<\/em> (s. 142-143).<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu heyecan verici olaylar, filmlere, kurgulara ta\u015f \u00e7\u0131kartacak derecede duygu ve heyecan y\u00fckl\u00fc hik\u00e2yeler, yazar\u0131n ele\u015ftirileri, hay\u0131flanmas\u0131\u2026 Yorumlamaya bundan sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>Anka Ku\u015fu, Sia Kitap, \u0130stanbul 2022, 411 sayfa. Al\u0131nt\u0131lar bu bask\u0131dand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yazar\u0131m\u0131z Bilge Ercilasun, Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6zdil’in Atat\u00fcrk \u00fc\u00e7lemesini de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi yaz\u0131 dizisinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde “Anka Ku\u015fu” kitab\u0131n\u0131 konu al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":193,"featured_media":16806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[2579,259,941,2580,331,2574,2573],"coauthors":[2556],"class_list":["post-16804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset-tarih","tag-anka-kusu","tag-ataturk","tag-milli-mucadele","tag-mustafa-kemal","tag-mustafa-kemal-ataturk","tag-son-curet","tag-yilmaz-ozdil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/193"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16804"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16820,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16804\/revisions\/16820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16804"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=16804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}