{"id":17040,"date":"2023-04-11T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=17040&preview=true&preview_id=17040"},"modified":"2023-04-11T19:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T16:10:18","slug":"bati-avrupada-melez-rejim-olan-tek-ulke-turkiye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/bati-avrupada-melez-rejim-olan-tek-ulke-turkiye\/","title":{"rendered":"Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da “melez rejim” olan tek \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130ngiltere merkezli Economist<\/em> dergisinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve analiz birimi \u201cUnit Economist Intelligence”<\/em> (EIU), 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n demokratik ve antidemokratik \u00fclkelerini yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan demokrasi raporunda, 167 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda, Norve\u00e7 ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken “hibrit rejim<\/em>“<\/em> diye tan\u0131mlanan T\u00fcrkiye 103’nc\u00fc s\u0131radad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EIU’nun Demokrasi Endeksi raporunun son bask\u0131s\u0131, k\u00fcresel s\u0131ralamalardaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve derinlemesine bir b\u00f6lgesel incelemenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rusya’da demokrasinin neden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu, bunun mevcut sava\u015fa nas\u0131l yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ukrayna’da demokrasinin neden sava\u015fla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ortalama k\u00fcresel endeks puan\u0131 2022’de duraklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0Pandemi ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bir toparlanma beklentisine ra\u011fmen, puan 2021’de 5,28 iken 5,29 olmu\u015f (0-10 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde); neredeyse hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Endeksin \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n puanlar\u0131 ya yerinde saym\u0131\u015f ya da gerilemi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 Avrupa, puan\u0131 pandemi \u00f6ncesi seviyelere d\u00f6nen tek b\u00f6lge olarak pozitif bir ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fere sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Belirgin iyile\u015fme kaydeden tek b\u00f6lge<\/h2>\n

Endeksteki ilk on \u00fclkeden sekizine ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Bat\u0131 Avrupa, 2022’de belirgin bir iyile\u015fme kaydeden tek b\u00f6lgedir. B\u00f6lgesel puan\u0131 pandemi \u00f6ncesi seviyelere y\u00fckselmi\u015f,\u00a0 Norve\u00e7 uzun s\u00fcredir elinde tuttu\u011fu zirvedeki konumunu korumu\u015ftur. Bu \u00fclkeyi di\u011fer d\u00f6rt \u0130skandinav \u00fclkesi yak\u0131ndan izlemektedir. Yeni Zelanda, k\u00fcresel s\u0131ralamada ikinci \u00fclkedir.\u00a0 B\u00f6lgedeki tek \u201cmelez rejim\u201d<\/em> olan T\u00fcrkiye, son on y\u0131lda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n giderek artan otokratik y\u00f6netimini yans\u0131tan sert bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f kaydetmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 k\u00fcresel geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen, demokrasi tehdit alt\u0131nda olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Raporda, her \u00fclke en fazla 10 puan alabiliyor. Puanlama, \u00a0se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ve \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015fleyi\u015fi, siyasal kat\u0131l\u0131m, demokratik siyasal k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sivil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler gibi be\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131k \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkeler ald\u0131klar\u0131 puanlara g\u00f6re “tam demokrasi,” “kusurlu demokrasi,” “hibrit (melez) rejim” <\/em>ve “otoriter rejim”<\/em> olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye 10 \u00fczerinden 4.35 puan alarak \u201chibrit rejim\u201d<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkesi Gambiya, <\/em>4.47 puanla T\u00fcrkiye’nin bir basamak \u00fczerinde 102’inci s\u0131radad\u0131r. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana yay\u0131nlanan raporda T\u00fcrkiye, 5,76 puanla, en y\u00fcksek rakam\u0131 2012’de elde etmi\u015fti.<\/u> Listede, T\u00fcrkiye’nin se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ve \u00e7o\u011fulculuk alan\u0131ndaki puan\u0131 10 \u00fczerinden 3.5, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015fleyi\u015fi 5.0, siyasal kat\u0131l\u0131m 5.56, demokratik siyasal k\u00fclt\u00fcr 5.63, sivil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ise 2.06 puand\u0131r. Afganistan 0.32 puanla 167’inci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, \u0130skandinav \u00fclkesi Norve\u00e7 9.81 puanla listenin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hibrit rejime sahip tek \u00fclke<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6lgedeki\u00a0 \u201chibrit rejim<\/em>“e sahip tek \u00fclkedir. \u00a0\u00a0Rapora g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de demokrasi ciddi \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imler \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil de\u011fildir, medya sans\u00fcre tabidir, \u00a0hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zay\u0131f, yolsuzluk yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan liderli\u011finde son on y\u0131lda puan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2012’de 5,76 puan\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye’nin ortalama puan\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1,41 puan d\u00fc\u015ferek 4,35’e gerilemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00a0otoriter Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n giderek artan otokratik y\u00f6netimini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Erdo\u011fan, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda medya, muhalefet ve kamuoyu \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclke zaten t\u00fcm kategorilerde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck puanlara sahip oldu\u011fundan bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6stergenin daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Raporda, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l TBMM\u2019den ge\u00e7irilen dezenformasyon yasas\u0131n\u0131n da bask\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilerek \u015fu tespit yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

“Artan bask\u0131 e\u011filimi, 2022’nin Ekim ay\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu d\u00fczeni hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi yaymaktan hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren yeni bir dezenformasyon yasas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesiyle per\u00e7inlendi. 2022’nin Nisan ay\u0131nda, Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi, se\u00e7im kurullar\u0131na taraftar\u0131 olan yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n atanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partilerin se\u00e7im ittifaklar\u0131 yoluyla parlamentoya girmesini daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7im yasas\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Rapora g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 45.3’\u00fc, demokrasiyle y\u00f6netilen \u00fclkelerde, geri kalan y\u00fczde 36.9’l\u0131k kesim ise otoriter rejimlerin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Raporda yer alan tespit \u00f6nemlidir: “Bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re sadece 0,01’lik bir art\u0131\u015fla 10 \u00fczerinden 5.29 olarak hesaplanan k\u00fcresel puan, 2016’da ba\u015flayan ve olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen demokratik durgunlu\u011fun tersine d\u00f6nmesinden \u00e7ok durgunlu\u011fu temsil etmektedir.”<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a014 May\u0131s’ta \u00e7ifte se\u00e7im<\/h2>\n

Bu kapsamda Hande <\/em>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/em>\u2019\u00fcn \u00a0 (Economist\u00a0at Morgan Stanley London, England, United Kingdom) \u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011ferlendirmesi \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrkiye 14 May\u0131s’ta \u00e7ifte se\u00e7ime gidiyor: 61 milyon civar\u0131nda se\u00e7men, se\u00e7imini yapacak ve parlamentodaki temsilciler ile be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ecek. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu (YSK) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan adaylar, 14 May\u0131s’ta yap\u0131lacak cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde yar\u0131\u015facak.\u00a0 Birden fazla aday\u0131n oldu\u011fu cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu 7-8 puan \u00f6ndedir. Anketlerin medyan\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 44’e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczde 51 ile Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

Karde\u015f \u015firket EIU\u2019nun Demokrasi Endeksi’nin son bask\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel demokrasinin uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 2022’de durmu\u015ftur. \u00a0Anket, 167 \u00fclkedeki demokrasi durumunu, en fazla on puan alan be\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcte g\u00f6re derecelendirmektedir: se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ve \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015fleyi\u015fi, siyasi kat\u0131l\u0131m, demokratik siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sivil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler. \u00a0D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (%45,3) bir t\u00fcr demokraside, \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n (%36,9) ise otoriter y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re sadece 0,01’lik bir art\u0131\u015fla on \u00fczerinden 5,29’luk k\u00fcresel puan, 2016’da ba\u015flayan ve olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen demokratik durgunlu\u011fun tersine d\u00f6nmesinden \u00e7ok durgunlu\u011fu temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rapora g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de demokrasi ciddi \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imler \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve adil de\u011fildir, medya sans\u00fcre tabidir, \u00a0hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zay\u0131f, yolsuzluk yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan liderli\u011finde son on y\u0131lda puan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":17043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[718,973,434,650,2628,187],"coauthors":[6],"class_list":["post-17040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset-tarih","tag-avrupa","tag-bati","tag-demokrasi","tag-recep-tayyip-erdogan","tag-rejim","tag-turkiye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17040"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17046,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17040\/revisions\/17046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17040"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=17040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}