{"id":17130,"date":"2023-05-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=17130&preview=true&preview_id=17130"},"modified":"2023-05-11T21:23:53","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T18:23:53","slug":"kagan-ve-han-kelimeleri-hakkinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/kagan-ve-han-kelimeleri-hakkinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u011fan ve Han kelimeleri hakk\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ka\u011fan kelimesinin Juan-juan\u2019lardan \u00f6nce kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kay\u0131t ve bilgiler mu\u011flakt\u0131r. E\u011fer Pulleyblank\u2019in tahmini do\u011fru ise ilk kay\u0131t, M. \u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na aittir. Bu tarihteki baz\u0131 olaylar vesilesiyle ge\u00e7en Asya Hunlar\u0131na ait kraliyet unvan\u0131 hu-y\u00fc<\/em> (Eski \u00c7ince \u0121wan-\u0121w\u0101\u0121<\/em>) kelimesi, Pulleyblank\u2019e g\u00f6re ka\u011fan ile ayn\u0131 kelimedir. Pulleyblank\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc aktaran Clauson da \u00a0xan <\/em>ve xa\u011fan<\/em> kelimeleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n belirsiz oldu\u011funu; xa\u011fan<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn de Pulleyblank\u2019e dayanarak \u00c7ince\u2019den ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr (Clauson 1972: 611).<\/p>\n

Ka\u011fan kelimesine ait bundan sonraki bir kay\u0131t 293 y\u0131l\u0131na aittir. Altheim, M. S. 293 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Paikul\u00ee kitabesinde \u201cKafkas b\u00f6lgesi Hunlar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak\u201d ka\u011fan kelimesinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirtir (Donuk 1988: 26).<\/p>\n

Tobalar\u0131n ilk liderlerinden Lin ve efsanevi atalar\u0131ndan Tui-yin i\u00e7in de ko-han[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> unvan\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Shiratori: 1945: 498). Ancak bu bilgi ge\u00e7 bir \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. 1084 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Z\u0131-c\u0131-tong-cien<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda. Yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte art\u0131k \u00e7ok iyi bilinen bir unvan olan \u201cka\u011fan\u201d\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n, Tobalar\u0131n ilk liderlerine yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. E\u011fer kayna\u011f\u0131n yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 de\u011filse bunu da ka\u011fan kelimesiyle ilgili en eski kay\u0131tlardan biri olarak kabul etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Toba h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u0130-lu\u2019ya 310 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck shan-y\u00fc\u201d unvan\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Boodberg\u2019e g\u00f6re bu unvan, o d\u00f6nemin \u00c7ince metinlerinde \u201cka\u011fan\u201d\u0131n arkaik e\u015fde\u011feri idi ve Tobalarda Ko-sun<\/em> \u201ckatun\u201d kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ka\u011fan da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131 (Boodberg 1936: 171). Hirth 386-412 tarihleri aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f bulunan Tao\u2019nun da ka\u011fan unvan\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer (Donuk 1988: 26).<\/p>\n

Kelimenin \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Juan-juan d\u00f6nemine aittir. Juan-juanlarda\u00a0 ke-han<\/em> \u201cka\u011fan\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar \u015funlard\u0131r: \u015ee-lun (402-410), Hu-l\u00fc (410-414), Da-tan (414-429), Wu-di (429-444), Tu-he-cen (444-450), Yu-\u00e7eng (450-485) (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m 2015: 79). Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u201ckagan, han, hatun, erkin, ilteber, tarkan, ilig\u201d gibi unvanlar kullanmalar\u0131 sebebiyle ve \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlara dayanarak Juan-juan\u2019lar\u0131 T\u00fcrk veya T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f kabul eder (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m 2015). K\u00fcr\u015fat Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n bence ikna edici bu yay\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra Juan-juan\u2019lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk olabilece\u011fini art\u0131k ciddi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bang 1925\u2019te kagan<\/em> kelimesinin \u00f6nceki k\u00fclt\u00fcrden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7lendi\u011fini ve qagan, q\u0101n,<\/em> qan<\/em> kelimelerinin ayn\u0131 yuvadan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Avrupa dillerindeki seigneur, sieur<\/em> gibi dubletlere benzediklerini, qagan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n daha \u00fcst, qan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dereceleri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Doerfer, \u201cy\u00f6netici\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Bang\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00a0(Doerfer III 1967: 176).<\/p>\n

Bailey, kagan kelimesinin, Karlgren 414 ve 216\u2019da yer alan \u00c7ince k\u2019o<\/em> kelimesi ile xan<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn birle\u015fmesinden (k\u2019o < ka + xan < gan<\/em>) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer. Doerfer bu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya kat\u0131lmaz (Doerfer III 1967: 179).<\/p>\n

Kan \u2013 kagan<\/em> ili\u015fkisi hakk\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kabul edilen etimoloji, kan<\/em> \u201chan\u201d kelimesinin, ortadaki g<\/em>\u2019nin erimesiyle kagan<\/em>\u2019dan gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclensoy\u2019a g\u00f6re de kan<\/em>, Ana Altayca kagan<\/em>\u2019dan gelir: kagan<\/em> [ ><\/em> ka\u2019an > kaan > k\u0101n > kan > han<\/em>] (2007: 403). Ben tam aksine kagan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n kan<\/em>\u2019dan geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum: k\u0101n > k\u0101gan<\/em>. Ortadaki g<\/em>, arslan<\/em>\u2019daki r<\/em> gibi, k\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7<\/em>\u2019taki n<\/em> gibi peki\u015ftirme i\u015flevli ikincil bir sestir. Nitekim Uygur harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019nda da -g-<\/em> ile peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6z vard\u0131r: kagar<\/em> (<k\u0101r<\/em> \u201ckar\u201d), kagat\u0131r<\/em> (<k\u0101t\u0131r<\/em> \u201ckat\u0131r\u201d), tagam <\/em>(<t\u0101m<\/em> \u201cduvar\u201d).[2]<\/a> 1971\u2019deki doktorluk tezimde, Kars a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ye\u011fer<\/em> (<yer<\/em>) kelimesiyle O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019ndaki bu kelimeler aras\u0131nda ilgi kurmu\u015f ve bunu vurguyla a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m (Ercilasun 2020: 63). Harezm ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk\u00e7elerinde emrin birinci \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen g<\/em> t\u00fcremesi de bence peki\u015ftirme sonucudur. Harezm: ba\u015flagay\u0131n, bitigeyin,<\/em> okugay\u0131n; oynagal\u0131\u014b, \u00fcndegeli\u014b.<\/em> K\u0131p\u00e7ak: bargay\u0131m, d\u00e9geyim, k\u00e9lgeyim; bargal\u0131m, d\u00e9gelim, k\u00e9lgelim<\/em> (Argun\u015fah vd. 2010: 131-132, 233-234).<\/p>\n

K\u0101n > k\u0101gan<\/em> etimolojisi, kelimelerdeki anlam ge\u00e7i\u015fine de uygundur. Kan<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201ckral\u201d, kagan<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cimparator\u201d olarak modern kavramlara aktarabiliriz. Yani kan\/han<\/em> daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n, kagan\/hakan<\/em> daha b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6neticisidir. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi Bang da qagan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n daha \u00fcst, qan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dereceleri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sosyolojik geli\u015fmeye g\u00f6re \u00f6nce beyliklerin \/ krall\u0131klar\u0131n, daha sonra hakanl\u0131klar\u0131n \/ imparatorluklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nce kan \/ han<\/em>, daha sonra kagan \/ hakan<\/em> kelimeleri \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0101gan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcredi\u011fi k\u0101n<\/em> \u201chan\u201d kelimesinin k\u00f6keni de bence \u201c*baba\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki k\u0101<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. \u201cBaba\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki k\u0101<\/em> k\u00f6k\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r: 1) K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinlerle Eski Uygur metinlerinde ge\u00e7en ka\u014b <\/em>\u201cbaba\u201d, 2) Eski Uygur metinlerinde ve DLT\u2019de[3]<\/a> ge\u00e7en kada\u015f<\/em> kelimesiyle k\u0101 kada\u015f<\/em> ve ka\u014bda\u015f kada\u015f<\/em> ikilemeleri 3) T\u00fcrkmencedeki k\u0101ka<\/em> \u201cbaba\u201d.<\/p>\n

1)K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinlerle Eski Uygur metinlerinde \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ka\u014b<\/em>, bana g\u00f6re +\u014b<\/em> ekiyle t\u00fcremi\u015f bir isimdir. Erdal Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede +(A)\u014b<\/em> eki i\u00e7in ayan\u00e7a\u014b<\/em> \u201csayg\u0131l\u0131\u201d, k\u00fcven\u00e7e\u014b<\/em> \u201ckibirli ve gururlu\u201d, yuvan\u00e7a\u014b <\/em>\u201cdurgun\u201d; \u00f6le\u014b<\/em> \u201cbatakl\u0131k veya g\u00f6lc\u00fckler bulunan arazi\u201d, k\u00f6l\u00fc\u014b <\/em>\u201cku\u015flar\u0131n yuva yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durgun su birikintisi\u201d, yeli\u014b <\/em>\u201c\u00e7ok esintili yer\u201d vb. \u00f6rnekleri verir. Ona g\u00f6re e\u011fer ka<\/em> \u201caile\u201d ile ili\u015fkili ise ka\u014b<\/em> \u201cbaba\u201d kelimesinin de bu t\u00fcrevler i\u00e7ine al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak daha sonra, verdi\u011fi \u00f6rnekleri ruhi durum (spritual) ve yer bildirenler (landscape lexemes) olmak \u00fczere iki semantik gruba ay\u0131ran Erdal, ka\u014b<\/em> kelimesinin bu iki gruba ait olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle yaln\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201c\u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 (borrowed) ka<\/em>\u201d ile ili\u015fkisi olmayan yal\u0131n bir kelime oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer (1991: 160-162). Oysa \u201cruhi durum\u201d bildiren \u00f6rnekler bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p daha \u00e7ok +(X)\u014b<\/em> ile t\u00fcretilen \u00f6rneklere dikkatle bak\u0131l\u0131rsa \u201cyer\u201d anlam\u0131yla birlikte \u201c\u00e7okluk\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yeli\u014b<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131 DLT\u2019de zaten \u201cbol r\u00fczg\u00e2r esen yer\u201d olarak verilmi\u015ftir (Ercilasun \u2013 Akkoyunlu 2014: 499). K\u00f6l\u00fc\u014b <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fcne DLT\u2019de verilen \u201csu birikintisi\u201d anlam\u0131 i\u00e7inde de \u201cbirikmek, \u00e7okluk\u201d anlam\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Erdal\u2019\u0131n +(A)\u014b<\/em> ekli \u00f6rnekler i\u00e7ine almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne\u014b<\/em> kelimesini de buraya katabiliriz: ne\u014b ne\u014b sab\u0131m erser be\u014bg\u00fc ta\u015fka urtum<\/em> \u201cne kadar s\u00f6z\u00fcm varsa beng\u00fc ta\u015fa vurdum\u201d (KT G 11). \u201cNe kadar, nice; hi\u00e7; herhangi bir; \u015fey\u201d gibi anlamlara gelen ne\u014b<\/em> kelimesinin de ne<\/em>\u2019den t\u00fcredi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. +(X)\u014b<\/em> ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu t\u00fcrevler ortada iken ka\u014b <\/em>\u201cbaba\u201d kelimesinin de ka<\/em>\u2019dan t\u00fcredi\u011fi konusunda bir \u015f\u00fcpheye bence gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n

2) K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud, kada\u015f <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00f6rneklerde kelimeye bazen karde\u015f, bazen akraba, \u00e7o\u011fu kez de akraba ve karde\u015f \/ karde\u015f ve akraba kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Karde\u015f: a\u1e2b <\/em>(yazma 55).<\/p>\n

Akraba: kar\u00eeb <\/em>(yazma 320, 471).<\/p>\n

Akraba ve karde\u015f \/ karde\u015f ve akraba: el-akrib\u0101i\u2019l-kurbi ve\u2019l-a\u1e2b<\/em> (yazma 203); el-u\u1e2buvvetu ve\u2019l-kar\u0101betu<\/em> [kada\u015fl\u0131k] (yazma 251); el-kar\u00eeb ve\u2019l-a\u1e2b<\/em> (yazma 454); a\u1e2b ve\u2019l-kar\u00eeb<\/em> (yazma 553); kar\u00eeb evi\u2019l-a\u1e2b<\/em> (yazma 474).<\/p>\n

Ancak madde ba\u015f\u0131 olan kada\u015f<\/em>\u2019da \u201cel-kurbu mine\u2019l-i\u1e2bv\u0101n<\/em>\u201d (karde\u015flerden yak\u0131n olan) anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r (yazma 185).<\/p>\n

\u201cKarde\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131 ka\u014bda\u015f kada\u015f<\/em> ikilemesinde daha a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: Benu\u2019l-\u2018all\u0101t<\/em> \u201cbabalar\u0131 bir, analar\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u201d (yazma 611, Ercilasun \u2013 Akkoyunlu 2014: 503).<\/p>\n

Gerek madde ba\u015f\u0131 kada\u015f<\/em> kelimesine verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, gerek ka\u014bda\u015f kada\u015f<\/em> ikilemesine verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bence \u201ckarde\u015f\u201d, hatta \u201cbaba bir karde\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Clauson, \u201caile (family)\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi ka:<\/em> kelimesinin \u00c7inceden (chia <\/em>\u201caile\u201d, Orta \u00c7ince ka<\/em>) al\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer ve Eski Uygur metinlerinde sadece ka: kada\u015f <\/em>\u201caile ve akrabalar (family and kinsmen)\u201d ikilemesi i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dair \u00f6rnekler verir (1972: 578).<\/p>\n

Gerek Eski Uygur metinlerindeki k\u0101 kada\u015f<\/em>, gerek DLT\u2019deki ka\u014bda\u015f kada\u015f<\/em> bizi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir k\u0101 <\/em>isim k\u00f6k\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve bu ikilemelerden, ka\u014b <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u014b<\/em>\u2019nin bir isimden isim yapma eki oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anlayabiliyoruz. Ka\u014b<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131 beng\u00fc ta\u015flardaki kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan (ka\u014b\u0131m \u0130ltiri\u015f Kagan\u0131g, \u00f6g\u00fcm<\/em> \u0130lbilge Katunug<\/em> \u201cbabam \u0130lteri\u015f Ka\u011fan\u0131, annem \u0130lbilge Katunu\u201d \u2013 KT D 11) \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re k\u0101 <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn de as\u0131l anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u201caile\u201d de\u011fil \u201cbaba\u201d olmas\u0131 gerekir. Esasen bu kelimenin \u00e7ocuk diline \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tekrar i\u00e7inde \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131nda mevcut oldu\u011funu az sonra g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. \u201cBaba\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki bir temel kelimenin ba\u015fka bir dilden al\u0131nma ihtimali ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca akrabal\u0131kla ilgili kelimelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli dillerde ses\u00e7e benzer oldu\u011fu da bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

3) T\u00fcrkmencede do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kelime k\u0101ka<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r (Tekin vd. 1995) ve bu kelimenin \u00e7ocuk diline \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tekrarla olu\u015ftu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7 madde bizi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u0101<\/em> \u201c*baba\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. T\u00fcrklerdeki \u201cdevlet baba\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla boy, boylar birli\u011fi gibi siyasi birliklerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki y\u00f6neticinin de \u201cbaba\u201d olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi tabiidir. Buna g\u00f6re \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki k\u0101 <\/em>k\u00f6k\u00fcnden, bir yandan yine \u201cbaba\u201d anlam\u0131nda ka\u014b<\/em> ( < k\u0101 + \u014b<\/em>), bir yandan da \u201chan, kral\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki k\u0101n<\/em> ( < k\u0101 + n<\/em>) t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. K\u0101n<\/em> kelimesinin -g-<\/em> ile peki\u015ftirilmesiyle de k\u0101gan <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u1e2a\u0101n, \u1e2b\u0101kan,<\/em> h\u0101n, h\u0101kan<\/em> bi\u00e7imlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha sonrad\u0131r. Geli\u015fmeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n

K\u0101 \u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101\u014b \u201cbaba\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 \u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101ka \u201cbaba\u201d (T\u00fcrkmence).<\/p>\n

K\u0101<\/em> \u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101n<\/em> \u201chan\u201d > \u1e2b\u0101n > h\u0101n.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u0101<\/em> \u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101n<\/em> \u201chan\u201d > k\u0101gan > \u1e2b\u0101kan <\/em>> h\u0101kan.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u0101 <\/em>\u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101n <\/em>\u201chan\u201d > k\u0101gan<\/em> > ka\u011fan<\/em> (son bi\u00e7im yeni).<\/p>\n

K\u0101<\/em> \u201c*baba\u201d > k\u0101n<\/em> \u201chan\u201d > k\u0101gan<\/em> > ka\u2019an<\/em> (son bi\u00e7im Mo\u011folca).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u011fca, Ferruh (2016), Uygur Harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131 \u2013 Metin-Aktarma-Notlar-Dizin-T\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ftar\u0131ma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Argun\u015fah, Mustafa \u2013 Sa\u011fol Y\u00fcksekkaya, G\u00fclden \u2013 Tabaklar, \u00d6zcan (2010), Karahanl\u0131ca,<\/em> Harezmce, K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7a Dersleri,<\/em> \u0130stanbul, Kesit Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Boodberg, Peter A. (1936), \u201cThe Language of the T\u2019o-pa Wei\u201d, Harvard Journal of Asiatic<\/em> Studies<\/em>, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Jul., 1936), Harvard-Yenching Institute.<\/p>\n

Clauson, Sir Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Therteenth-Century Turkish<\/em>, Oxford.<\/p>\n

Doerfer, Gerhard (1967), Turkische und Mongolische Elemente im<\/em> Neupersischen III<\/em>, Wiesbaden.<\/p>\n

Donuk, Abd\u00fclkadir (1988), Eski T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde \u0130dar\u00ee-Asker\u00ee Unvan ve Terimler<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ercilasun, Ahmet B. (2020), Kars \u0130li A\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 \u2013 Ses Bilgisi<\/em>, Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ercilasun, Ahmet B. \u2013 Akkoyunlu, Ziyat (2014), K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud \u2013 D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk \u2013<\/em> Giri\u015f-Metin-\u00c7eviri-Notlar-Dizin,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Erdal, Marcel (1991), Old Turkic Word Formation \u2013 A Functional Approach to the Lexicon,<\/em> Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclensoy, Tuncer (2007), T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esindeki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin K\u00f6ken Bilgisi S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud (1990), D\u00eev\u00e2n\u00fc L\u00fbgati\u2019t-T\u00fcrk<\/em> (t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m), Ankara, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Shiratori, Kurakichi (1945), \u201cKaghan Unvan\u0131n\u0131n Men\u015fei\u201d (\u00e7eviren: \u0130brahim G\u00f6kbakar), Belleten<\/em>, Cilt: IX, Say\u0131: 36 (Ekim 1945),<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tekin, Talat \u2013 \u00d6lmez, Mehmet \u2013 Ceylan, Emine \u2013 \u00d6lmez, Zuhal \u2013 Eker, S\u00fcer (1995), T\u00fcrkmence \u2013 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/em> Ankara, Simurg.<\/p>\n

Wilkens, Jens (2021), Handw\u00f6rterbuch des Altuigurischen \u2013 Altuigurisch-Deutsch-T\u00fcrkisch \/<\/em> Eski Uygurcan\u0131n El S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u2013 Eski Uygurca-Almanca-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e,<\/em> G\u00f6ttingen, Akademie der Wissenschaften zu G\u00f6ttingen.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, K\u00fcr\u015fat (2015), Bozk\u0131r\u0131n Yitik \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 Juan-Juan\u2019lar<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, Yeditepe Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00c7ince ile ilgili transkripsiyon sistemlerinden Wade-Giles sisteminde ch (\u00e7), k, t gibi tonsuz sesleri g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bu harflerden sonra kesme i\u015fareti kullan\u0131l\u0131r: ch\u2019, k\u2019, t\u2019. Bu sisteme g\u00f6re, kesme i\u015fareti kullan\u0131lmazsa o harfler tonlu okunur. Ben T\u00fcrk alfabesini esas ald\u0131m ve kesmeleri kullanmad\u0131m. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ko-han, ko-sun, ke-han <\/em>\u015feklinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m kelimelerin ilk harflerini T\u00fcrk alfabesinde oldu\u011fu gibi tonsuz okumal\u0131d\u0131r. Juan-juan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Da-tan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere tonlu okunmas\u0131 gerekenleri de tonlu ses veren harflerle (bu \u00f6rnekte d ile) yazd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> A\u011fca, bu \u00f6rnekleri, \u00fcnl\u00fc uzunluklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir yaz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (2016; 223-224).<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> DLT = D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yazar\u0131m\u0131z Ahmet B. Ercilasun’un, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan elektronik T\u00dcRKDAM dergisinin 1.say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan incelemesini okuyucular\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":17131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-17130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17130"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17134,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130\/revisions\/17134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17130"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=17130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}