T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu,\u00a018-19 Temmuz 2023 tarihlerinde\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019de Cumhuriyetimizin 100. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iktisat tarihi ve iktisadi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce birikimi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131\u00a0bir araya getirmek i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00f6nemli bir\u00a0Kongre d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik olarak nereye geldi\u011fi,\u00a0ekonomide hangi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 Kongre\u2019de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunlar 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin sorunlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Son y\u00fczy\u0131lda\u00a0ekonomi teorisinde de \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler meydan gelmi\u015f, bu geli\u015fmeler T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisine k\u0131smen yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bildiriler, bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir miras olarak kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019de be\u015f \u0130ktisat Kongresi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130kinci (1981), \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc (1992) ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc (2004) T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongrelerine bildiri sunarak\u00a0katk\u0131da bulunan bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi Kongre\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet kurulmadan \u0130zmir\u2019de 17 \u015eubat-4 Mart\u00a01923\u00a0tarihlerinde\u00a0toplanan Birinci T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0\u0130ktisat\u00a0Kongresi\u2019nin amac\u0131, Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin kesilmesinden sonra \u00fclkenin\u00a0siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hedefinin ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ile tamamlanmak istenmesidir.\u00a0Atat\u00fcrk, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir\u00a0tespitte bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cSiyasi, asker\u00ee zaferler ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsunlar, iktisadi zaferler ile ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lamazlarsa meydana gelen zaferler devaml\u0131 olamaz, az zamanda s\u00f6ner.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu kongrede sava\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin yol haritas\u0131 belirlenmeye, bir anlamda cumhuriyet ekonomisinin temelleri at\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve buna y\u00f6nelik olarak at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi 2-7 Kas\u0131m 1981 tarihlerinde \u0130zmir\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 24 Ocak 1980 Ekonomik \u0130stikrar Kararlar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kongre, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kongre\u2019de d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisinin gere\u011fi belirtilerek, bu kapsamda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken politikalar ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Bu kararlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomi hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0milat olmu\u015ftur. Ekonomi y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015f\u0131na getirilen rahmetli \u00d6zal, \u0130stikrar Paketi<\/em> ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan kararlar\u0131 kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Paketin\u00a0amac\u0131;\u00a0ekonominin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda piyasa fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ana belirleyici unsur olmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131 ile birle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stikrar program\u0131; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan faizlerin y\u00fckseltilmesi karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131k\u0131 para ve maliye politikalar\u0131, emek \u00fccretlerinin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131, kamu mallar\u0131na zam yap\u0131lmas\u0131, kamunun piyasadan \u00e7ekilerek \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ortodoks IMF programlar\u0131ndan esinlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kongre\u2019ye\u00a0\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130hracat\u0131 Artt\u0131rma Politikalar\u0131\u201d\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bildiri sundum.\u00a0 D\u0131\u015fa kapal\u0131 bir ekonomi ile d\u00fcnyadan kopman\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131k bir ekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131n yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ihracat\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomilerden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya ekonomisine entegre olman\u0131n do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde idim. 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen do\u00e7entlik tezimde bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunmu\u015ftum. 13 bask\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f \u201cCumhuriyetin \u0130lan\u0131ndan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisi\u201d kitab\u0131mda da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7elerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in bir milat olmu\u015ftur. \u00a0Kararlar\u0131n amac\u0131; ulusal ekonominin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda, piyasa fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ana belirleyici unsur olmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131 ile birle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamak olup,\u00a0Cumhuriyet tarihinin en radikal ekonomi hamlesidir.\u00a0Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde uygulanan\u00a0ortodoks istikrar programlar\u0131n\u0131n bir benzeridir.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi ekonomik ve sosyal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u201c21.Y\u00fczy\u0131la Do\u011fru T\u00fcrkiye\u201d temas\u0131\u00a0kapsam\u0131nda\u00a04-7 Haziran 1992 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kongre\u2019de ekonomik ve sosyal yap\u0131n\u0131n 1980 sonras\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimler irdelenerek ileriye y\u00f6nelik politika \u00f6nerileri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, makro ekonomik istikrar\u0131n gere\u011fine ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde politik entegrasyonlar\u0131n \u00f6nemine vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi\u00a0d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli ekonomik sorunu olan enflasyonun \u00f6nlenmesi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu Kongre\u2019ye\u00a0\u201cKaradeniz Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Projesi B\u00f6lgesinde Yer Alan \u00dclkelerde Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma Politikalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Ekonomisine Etkileri ve B\u00f6lge \u0130\u00e7inde Ekonomik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi \u0130mkanlar\u0131\u201d\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131\u00a0 bildiri ile kat\u0131ld\u0131m.<\/p>\n 25 Haziran 1992’de \u0130stanbul’da Arnavutluk, Azerbaycan, Bulgaristan, Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan, Moldova, Romanya, Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye, Ukrayna ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda Karadeniz Ekonomik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi (KE\u0130) Zirvesi Deklarasyonu imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finin ana hedefi, b\u00f6lgede ula\u015f\u0131m a\u011f\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in gerekli zemini olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Karadeniz Ekonomik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi fikri, 1980’li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00dclkeleri ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ndeki de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Hammadde ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden\u00a0zengin olan eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde ba\u015fta t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere insana y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ihmal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye,\u00a0eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin \u00e7ok fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde pazarlamada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekebilece\u011fi g\u0131da ve t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131na sahip\u00a0bir \u00fclkedir. Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ise g\u0131da ve t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u201cT\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri ile Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkilerin Geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00c7ok Tarafl\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fim Modeli\u201d olarak bilinen bir proje geli\u015ftirdim ve\u00a0Say\u0131n Nam\u0131k Kemal Zeybek\u2019in oluru ile Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa sundum. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim modelini T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisi (13. Bask\u0131) kitab\u0131m\u0131n 760-761\u2019nci sayfalar\u0131nda \u00f6zetledim.<\/p>\n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi 5-9 May\u0131s 2004 tarihlerinde eski kurumum Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n koordinasyonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Kongre, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uzun vadede bilgi toplumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve AB\u2019ye \u00fcyelik perspektifi\u201d temas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda\u00a0yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kongrede makro ekonomik istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uzun vadede bilgi toplumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve AB\u2019ye \u00fcyelik perspektifi Kongre\u2019nin ana temalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu\u00a0kapsamda y\u00fcksek ve istikrarl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, giri\u015fimcili\u011fin ve rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel geli\u015fme dinamiklerinin harekete ge\u00e7irilmesi, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, yoksullukla m\u00fccadele ile iyi y\u00f6neti\u015fimi hedefleyen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kongre\u2019ye\u00a0\u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Geni\u015fleme Perspektifinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Yeri\u201d\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bildirim ile kat\u0131ld\u0131m. (2004 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi, \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye, 6 – 9 May\u0131s 2004, cilt.9, s.5-36.) B\u00f6ylece, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk Kongre\u2019den sonra d\u00fczenlenen 3 Kongre\u2019ye de bildiri sunarak kat\u0131lan\u00a0\u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi oldum.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, Lucius Annaeus Seneca\u2019n\u0131n \u201cHangi\u00a0kap\u0131ya y\u00f6neldi\u011fini bilmeyen hi\u00e7bir zaman uygun esen r\u00fczgar\u0131 bulamaz.\u201d \u00f6zdeyi\u015fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda y\u00f6neldi\u011fi kap\u0131y\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur ama, uygun esen r\u00fczgar\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yakalayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Bu r\u00fczgar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ortak \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1959 tarihinde Br\u00fcksel\u2019de toplanan Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (AET) Bakanlar Konseyi\u2019nde ilk Komisyon Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alman Profes\u00f6r Walter Hallestein\u2019in, Konsey\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye olumlu cevap vermesini istemesiyle yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bu f\u0131rsat ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ankara\u2019daki imza t\u00f6reninde Hallstein\u2019in, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Avrupa\u2019ya dahildir.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0r\u00fczgar\u0131n \u015fiddetini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, fakat sonradan geli\u015fen olaylar bu r\u00fczgar\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n R\u00fczgarlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye lehine esti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde bile, AET yetkilileri T\u00fcrkiye konusunda tam olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin Frans\u0131z k\u00f6kenli, Geli\u015fme Yolunda \u00dclkelere Yard\u0131m Komisyonu \u00dcyesi Claude Cheysson, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Anadolu’dur. Avrupal\u0131 olacak diye imzalanan bu Anla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n bu h\u00e2liyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Art\u0131k bir se\u00e7im yap\u0131p, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Asya m\u0131, yoksa Avrupa modelinin mi daha yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 saptanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d\u00a0(1976) derken, Komisyon Genel Sekreteri Emile Noel, \u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131yla gitse dahi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 25 y\u0131l sonra bile AET\u2019ye tam \u00fcye olmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.\u201d\u00a0(1976) sav\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Rahmetli\u00a0Turgut \u00d6zal bu durumu g\u00f6rerek\u00a01987 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki tam \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusunun ard\u0131ndan \u201cBu uzun ve me\u015fakkatli bir yoldur. Bizi cayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u015fey yapacaklard\u0131r. Ama y\u0131lmamal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d demi\u015ftir. Nitekim \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karacak geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nice Zirvesi\u2019nden sonra kabul edilen Nice Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda AB\u2019nin 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yer verilmeyerek, Helsinki Zirvesi\u2019nde kabul edilen \u201cadayl\u0131k\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fc bir anlamda ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n AB\u2019nin \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi i\u00e7ine almak istememe, fakat kendinden fazla uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na da tahamm\u00fcl edememe\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Litvanya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Vilnius’ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen NATO Liderler Zirvesi’nin ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda “\u0130sve\u00e7, bizim AB’ye tam \u00fcyeli\u011fimize ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesine destek verecek. \u0130sve\u00e7 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni yapmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek” ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama NATO ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi birbirinden ayr\u0131 kurtulu\u015flar olup, \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verece\u011fi deste\u011fin AB i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir h\u00fckm\u00fc yoktur.<\/p>\n Bu konuda yabanc\u0131 bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan haber \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u015fimdi AB’ye kat\u0131l\u0131yor mu? Hay\u0131r, ancak AB devreye giriyor. T\u00fcrkiye’nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u0130sve\u00e7’in NATO hedefini takas etme giri\u015fiminin hi\u00e7 \u015fans\u0131 yok. Ancak AB liderleri T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yeniden \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yor.\u201d (Is Turkey now joining the EU? No, but the EU is engaging Turkey\u2019s attempt to trade Sweden\u2019s NATO bid for EU membership has no chance. But EU leaders are warming again to working with Turkey)<\/p>\n \u00dclkemizin AB ile ili\u015fkisinin 64 y\u0131ll\u0131k\u00a0ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu\u2019nun (AET) 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, Temmuz 1959\u2019da, Toplulu\u011fa \u00fcye olmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusuna, o d\u00f6nemki ad\u0131yla AET taraf\u0131ndan verilen cevapta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kalk\u0131nma seviyesinin \u00fcyeli\u011fin gereklerini yerine getirmeye yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015f ve\u00a0\u00fcyelik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015finceye kadar, ge\u00e7erli olacak bir Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Anla\u015fma, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1963 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama uygulanmas\u0131nda sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB, 1993 Kopenhag Zirve Toplant\u0131s\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar uyar\u0131nca, eski Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 \u00fclkeleri olan Merkezi ve Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkelerini kapsayan geni\u015fleme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrkiye yine geni\u015flenme s\u00fcreci d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Romanya ve Bulgaristan\u2019dan daha geri \u00fclke olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecine dahil edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ortada \u201cBOBON\u201d Kriterleri oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB\u2019ye kat\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcrecine \u0130sve\u00e7 destek vermi\u015f ya da vermemi\u015f, bunun hi\u00e7bir h\u00fckm\u00fc yoktur. BOBON kriterleri benim AB\u2019ye \u00fcyelik s\u00fcrecinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m kriterlerdir. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: BO: Bizden Olanlar, BON: Bizden OlmayaNlar.\u00a0 K\u0131br\u0131s (BO kapsam\u0131nda)\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen AB \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur ama T\u00fcrkiye 1959 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kap\u0131da bekletilmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015f\u0131nda rahmetli B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in, 1 A\u011fustos 1959 tarihinde Ulus Gazetesi\u2019nde G\u00fcn\u00fcn Man\u015fetinde\u00a0 yay\u0131nlanan \u201cAvrupa\u2019da \u0130ktisadi Birle\u015fme ve T\u00fcrkiye\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 \u201c\u2026kat\u0131labilmek ayak uydurabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli asgari seviyeye bile varm\u0131\u015f olmaktan \u00e7ok uzak\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00a0 de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. (S. R. Karluk, \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye \u0130li\u015fkileri: Bir \u00c7\u0131kmaz Sokak,\u201d 2013, s. 3)<\/p>\n Be\u015finci Kongre\u00a030 Ekim-1 Kas\u0131m 2013\u00a0tarihlerinde \u0130zmir\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Kongre\u2019nin\u00a0temas\u0131, \u201cK\u00fcresel Ekonomik Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma S\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisi\u201ddir. Kongre \u00f6ncesinde\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019de bir bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen d\u00f6nemin Kalk\u0131nma Bakan\u0131 say\u0131n Cevdet Y\u0131lmaz,\u00a0\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, 2023 vizyonunda 2 trilyon dolar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 mill\u00ee gelirinin de 25 bin dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. \u0130hracattaki hedefimiz ise 500 milyar dolar.\u201d\u00a0demi\u015ftir ama bu hedeflere ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm kongrelerde makro ekonomik istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk 4 kongrede T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin temel\u00a0sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle makro ekonomik g\u00f6stergelerdeki iyile\u015ftirmelerin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken 5\u2019nci \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin d\u00fcnya ekonomileri i\u00e7inde ilk 10\u2019a k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede girmesi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca, bu kongrede k\u00fcresel ekonomik kriz sonras\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezinin bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya ge\u00e7i\u015fi de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Son ekonomik geli\u015fmeler\u00a0ciddi yap\u0131sal tedbirlerin uygulamaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011funu belirlemi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, k\u0131sa, orta ve uzun vadeyi kapsayacak bir ekonomik istikrar program\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu konuda en \u00f6nemli sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmete d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iktisat tarihi ve iktisadi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce birikimi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bir araya getirerek\u00a0kongre toplama karar\u0131\u00a0almas\u0131\u00a0\u00f6nemlidir. Kurum\u00a0bu tarihi g\u00f6revi yerine getirerek, gelecek nesillere \u00f6nemli bir\u00a0ekonomik miras b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunacakt\u0131r. \u00a0Bu kapsamda Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerine, g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun yeni bir Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nmas\u0131nda yarar oldu\u011funu eski bir DPT mensubu olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu\u2019nu tarihe not d\u00fc\u015fecek b\u00f6yle bir etkinli\u011fi d\u00fczenledi\u011fi i\u00e7in tebrik ederim. Bildiriler, bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir miras olarak kalacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Kongrelerde al\u0131nan kararlar,\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda sanayile\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler aras\u0131na girmesi i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterecektir. Kongre\u2019nin d\u00fczenlenmesinde g\u00f6rev yapanlar\u0131, katk\u0131 verenleri ve t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kutlar, Kongre\u2019nin bundan sonra izlenecek ekonomi politikalar\u0131na yol g\u00f6sterece\u011fine olan inanc\u0131m\u0131 belirtirim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yazar\u0131m\u0131z Prof. Dr. R\u0131dvan Karluk’un, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumunun,\u00a018-19 Temmuz 2023 tarihlerinde\u00a0\u0130zmir\u2019de Cumhuriyetimizin 100. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Kongre’deki konu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":17353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[414,576,349,2667,2508,1397,251],"coauthors":[6],"class_list":["post-17352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-ab","tag-avrupa-birligi","tag-ekonomi","tag-iktisat","tag-izmir","tag-izmir-iktisat-kongresi","tag-milli-iktisat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17354,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17352\/revisions\/17354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17352"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=17352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi<\/h2>\n
D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi<\/h2>\n
AET \u00dcyeli\u011fi<\/h2>\n
Aram\u0131za kat\u0131lma ama uzakla\u015fma<\/h2>\n
Be\u015finci \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi<\/h2>\n