{"id":17356,"date":"2023-07-29T18:30:10","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T15:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=17356"},"modified":"2023-07-29T17:51:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T14:51:04","slug":"yuzuncu-yilinda-lozan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/yuzuncu-yilinda-lozan\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ankara\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir vak\u0131f \u00fcniversitesinin Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesinin son s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na se\u00e7imlik \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Hukuk ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00dcyeli\u011fi\u201d <\/em>dersini veriyordum. <\/em>Dersin ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcreli mi yoksa s\u00fcresiz mi oldu\u011fu, AB\u2019yi kuran antla\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcresinin ne zaman dolaca\u011f\u0131, bu kapsamda\u00a0 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda sona erece\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc lisede kendilerine bu \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek bana soru y\u00f6nelttiler.<\/p>\n

Ben, bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi lisede bunun \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fini sordum. Bana a\u00e7\u0131klanan liseleri d\u00f6nemin Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131\u2019na ileterek bu bilginin d\u00fczeltilmesi gere\u011fi \u00fczerinde durdum.\u00a0 Cumhuriyetimizin tapusu olan Lozan\u2019\u0131n 100 y\u0131l sonra sona erece\u011fini savunanlar e\u011fer cahil de\u011fillerse, mutlaka bir \u015feyin pe\u015finde olmamal\u0131lar diye a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulundum. \u00d6\u011frencilere Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gizli maddelerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n orijinalinin Paris\u2019te oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m ama ikna edemedim.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tapusu olan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131yla yerine Sevr (SEVRES) Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi,\u00a0 baz\u0131 kesimlerce bilin\u00e7li olarak\u00a0 yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun anlam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Lozan olmasayd\u0131 bug\u00fcn en do\u011fu ilimiz Bing\u00f6l olacakt\u0131. \u0130stanbul’a pasaport ile girecek, \u0130zmir\u2019i kartpostallarda g\u00f6recek, Antalya\u2019ya yabanc\u0131 turist olarak gidecektik!<\/p>\n

Lozan ile kavga edenler, Sevr\u2019i (SEVRES) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma ayini yap\u0131yorlar. Oysa Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00a0Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00a0son\u00a0 y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131\u00a0 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler olup Sevr’in tarihe g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f belgeleridir. E\u011fer aksi olsayd\u0131, Ayasofya\u2019da \u00e7anlar \u00e7alacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0 ilgin\u00e7tir. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ilgili ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Lozan’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 48’i, Lozan’\u0131n bu y\u0131l sona erece\u011fi kanaatine sahiptir. Bu oran, \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 43 d\u00fczeyindedir. Lise alt\u0131 ve lise mezunlar\u0131nda ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 48 ve y\u00fczde 47’lik kesimler, s\u00f6z konusu antla\u015fman\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin kalmayaca\u011f\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Ankette kendilerini “modern”<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlayanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 40’\u0131 Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda sona erece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, “geleneksel muhafazakar<\/em>” ve “dindar muhafazakar<\/em>“lar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 48’i ve y\u00fczde 54’\u00fc de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahiptirler.<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk Devleti’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uymas\u0131, okullar\u0131n \u00f6\u011freniminin T\u00fcrk Devleti taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmesi kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fener Rum Patrikhanesi’nin yabanc\u0131 kiliselerle ili\u015fki kurmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’de kalmas\u0131 kabul edilirken, az\u0131nl\u0131klara verilen ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0 az\u0131nl\u0131klar T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’daki Rumlar hari\u00e7 di\u011fer yerlerdeki Rumlar\u0131n Yunanistan’a, Bat\u0131 Trakya hari\u00e7 di\u011fer illerdeki T\u00fcrklerin ise T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6nderilmesi suretiyle iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. 20 Temmuz 1936’da imzalanan Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile de Lozan’da \u00fczerinde en \u00e7ok durulan ba\u015fl\u0131klardan Bo\u011fazlar konusu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

143 madde, bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z ve 4 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde, devletlerin istiklal ve hakimiyetine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi \u00a0ilkesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 metninde Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda veya ba\u015fka bir tarihte sona erdi\u011fine\u00a0 ili\u015fkin bir madde\u00a0 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcreli de\u011fildir. Antla\u015fma’n\u0131n ek gizli maddeleri oldu\u011funa \u00a0ili\u015fkin\u00a0 bir kaynak \u00a0yoktur. Nitekim bir vatanda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n gizli maddeleri var m\u0131 sorusu C\u0130MER\u2019e y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f, \u00a0C\u0130MER bu \u00a0soruya “Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda gizli maddeler bulunmamakta olup, maden \u00e7\u0131kartmam\u0131za engel te\u015fkil eden herhangi bir madde yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/em>“<\/em> cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ABD’nin 1918\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Wilson \u0130lkeleri’nin ilk maddesi, uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalarda gizli maddelerin olmamas\u0131 veya gizli \u015fekilde uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 maddeler gizli bile olsa TBMM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in gizli Meclis oturumu yap\u0131lsa bile bunun gizlili\u011fi kalmaz. \u00a0\u015eimdiye kadar g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f olan bu maddelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, spek\u00fclasyondan ibarettir. \u00a0Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n 2023’e kadar ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcren belge yoktur. Lozan, 1912 ve 1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00f6nce Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131 ard\u0131ndan D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele ile yorulmu\u015f bir halk\u0131n olabilecek t\u00fcm kozlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011fu bir antla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, m\u00fczakereler boyunca T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131na olabilecek en kazan\u00e7l\u0131 antla\u015fmay\u0131 elde etmek istemi\u015ftir ama\u00a0 Lozan’daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde\u00a0 baz\u0131 alanlarda\u00a0 \u00a0\u00f6d\u00fcnler vermek gerekli olmu\u015ftur. Sevr ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Lozan’da elde edilen sonucun son derece a\u00e7\u0131k bir zafer oldu\u011fu ancak hedeflenen en y\u00fcksek noktalar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde baz\u0131 eksiklikleri de oldu\u011fu \u00a0kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Apoletlerini \u00e7\u0131kararak Lozan’a giden 39 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn omuzlar\u0131nda sadece Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee de\u011fil, kapit\u00fclasyonlar, Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131klar gibi gen\u00e7 cumhuriyet i\u00e7in daha bir\u00e7ok hayat\u00ee konunun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sorumlulu\u011fu vard\u0131. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc 1973’te TRT’ye verdi\u011fi bir deme\u00e7te ve hat\u0131ratlar\u0131nda t\u00fcm tecr\u00fcbesizli\u011fine ra\u011fmen Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda oturma d\u00fczeninden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131na kadar her konuda yeri geldi\u011finde itiraz etti\u011fini ve beraberindeki uzmanlar heyeti ile m\u00fcttefiklere kar\u015f\u0131 cephedeki sava\u015f\u0131 adeta devam ettirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’ndaki \u00f6nemli maddeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n