Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na paralel olarak Suriye topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019i kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in Ermenileri kullanm\u0131\u015f ve Ermenilere otonomi fikrini a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Emperyalistlerin Ermenilerle i\u015f birli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerden biri de Musa Da\u011f\u0131 Olay\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z kuvvetlerinin \u0130skenderun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karma yapaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin haberler Ermeniler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131nca Samanda\u011f\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 yedi k\u00f6ydeki 5000 Ermeni, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n ve \u0130ngilizlerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla silahlanarak Musa Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kuvvetleri isyanc\u0131 Ermenilerin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Musa Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi gemiler ile da\u011fdaki isyanc\u0131 Ermeniler M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Port Said liman\u0131na tahliye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Fransa, Musa Da\u011f\u0131ndan tahliye etti\u011fi Ermenilerden \u00fc\u00e7 tabur g\u00fcc\u00fcnde bir kuvvet te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Sonra bu kuvvetleri \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin 1914\u2019de ilhak etti\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Monarga K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bulunan askeri kamp\u0131nda e\u011fiterek, 1919\u2019da Urfa, Antep ve Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinde \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvet olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fransa, Ermenistan olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ukurova\u2019da polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n, demiryolu idaresinin, posta idaresinin ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok resm\u00ee kurulu\u015fun ba\u015f\u0131na 1918-1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenileri getirmi\u015f, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda ise Fransa himayesinde \u201cAmanus Ermeni Cumhuriyeti\u201d ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da huzursuzluk yarataca\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 bir federasyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u201cAnadolu \u0130slam Federasyonu\u201d fikrinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131)<\/p>\n
Bu federasyonun 5 \u00f6gesi: Anadolu-Ermenistan-Suriye-Filistin-Mezopotamya olacakt\u0131. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm masrafs\u0131z ve risksiz idi. B\u00f6ylelikle Fransa ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da mevziler elde etmesi engellenecekti. \u0130mparatorluktaki unsurlar\u0131n (K\u00fcrtlerin, Ermenilerin, Araplar\u0131n) ulusal geli\u015fimleri daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fecekti. Ama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemedi.<\/p>\n
Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz Frans\u0131z kap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u birlikte i\u015fgal etmelerine ra\u011fmen orada da devam eder. \u0130ngilizler h\u00fcrriyet ve itilaf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 desteklerken, Frans\u0131zlar Gen\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 destekler ( Prof. \u0130lber ortayl\u0131<\/strong>: H\u00fcrriyet-24 kas\u0131m 2018). \u00a0Gertrude Bell 31 Mart\u2019ta \u0130stanbul\u2019dad\u0131r. Ayaklanmada katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere Sykes-Picot\u2019dan zaten caymak istiyordu. \u0130\u015fte tam bu s\u0131rada Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu anla\u015fmaya uymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesiyle, \u0130ngiltere arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n 5 Haziran 1916\u2019da, anla\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerinden d\u00f6rt ay ge\u00e7meden, \u0130ngiliz casusu Lawrence,<\/strong>\u00a0Fransa\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131lan topraklarda, Beyrut\u2019un y\u00fcz km. kuzeyindeki Ras Baalbek\u2019te bir demiryolu k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc havaya u\u00e7urdu.<\/p>\n 15 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de \u0130ngiliz askerleri Musul\u2019u i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f bitti\u011finde Almanya yenildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Rusya ise Ekim Devrimi ile rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Filistin Manda Y\u00f6netiminin bundan sonraki 1916-1947 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemi, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz Frans\u0131z kap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u015fiddetli d\u00f6nemi olmakla kalmaz, ayni zamanda \u0130srail\u2019in kurulu\u015funa giden en \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 d\u00f6nem \u00f6zelli\u011fini de ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00a0Bir toplant\u0131da Lawrence \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c S\u00f6z konusu Suriye ise d\u00fc\u015fman T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fil, Fransa\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde hem \u0130ngilizler ve hem de Frans\u0131zlar Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya idareci, asker ve diplomat olarak daima inisiyatif kullanabilecek en karizmatik adamlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Suriye\u2019deki Frans\u0131z manda y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015f\u0131na 16 Kas\u0131m 1915\u2019de Gelibolu\u2019da tek kolunu kaybetmi\u015f Henri Gouraud tayin edildi. Gouraud \u015eam\u2019a girdi\u011finde, Selahaddin Eyyubi\u2019nin mezar\u0131n\u0131 tekmeleyerek, 700 y\u0131ll\u0131k ha\u00e7l\u0131 intikam\u0131n\u0131 dile getirir;\u00a0\u201cSelahaddin, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Gouraud\u2019un kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na konulan \u0130ngilizlerin \u015eam b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi, daha \u00f6nce Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131ndaki Arap topraklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f biriydi; MacKereth, <\/strong>sava\u015fta kendi generalinin emrine uymay\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alan, ama hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de beraat eden sert ve karizmatik bir askerdi.<\/p>\n 1897 Basel Siyonist Kongresinde \u0130srail\u2019in kurulu\u015fu i\u00e7in ilk ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.1917 de \u0130ngiliz d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Bafour, Lordlar kamaras\u0131 Musevi lideri Rotchild\u2019e mektup yazarak, \u201cFilistin\u2019de bir Musevi yurdu kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini\u201d bildirir. (Balfour Deklarasyonu)<\/p>\n 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filistin\u2019de 80.000 Musevi, 650.000 Arap n\u00fcfus vard\u0131r. %12\u2019lik bu Musevi n\u00fcfusun ilk n\u00fcvesini Rusya\u2019dan getirilen Yahudiler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. (1881\u2019de Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 II Aleksandr\u2019\u0131n suikaste u\u011framas\u0131ndan Yahudiler sorumlu tutuldu\u011fundan g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.) Bundan sonra, Arap liderleri \u015feklen kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de Musevilere toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 1922’de \u0130ngiltere’nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 Yahudilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Filistin’deki 750 binlik n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 11’ine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019dan ka\u00e7arak Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Yahudiler Osmanl\u0131 \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ediliyor, \u0130ngiltere bunlar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Gabbari ve Mahfuz\u2019da olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7ad\u0131r kamplarda topluyordu.<\/p>\n Filistin \u0130ngiliz manda y\u00f6netiminde oldu\u011fundan Araplar \u0130ngilizlere ba\u015fvurarak Musevilere toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini istediler. 1936 ve 1938 de \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmalar oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizler, Arap ve Yahudilerden olu\u015fan 2 uluslu bir devlet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 75 bin olarak dondurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. \u0130kinci cihan harbi ba\u015flay\u0131nca konu g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130ngiliz manda y\u00f6netiminden Almanya\u2019dan gelen 100.000 g\u00f6\u00e7mene derhal izin verilmesini istedi.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizler \u00f6nceleri Yahudi yerle\u015fimine g\u00f6z yumarak Araplar\u0131 \u00e7ileden \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131lar. Sonra da Araplara ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek u\u011fruna, i\u00e7inde Nazi toplama kamplar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuk ve hastalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir gemiyi 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filistin limanlar\u0131na sokmayarak Yahudileri \u00f6fkeye bo\u011fdular. Bu \u00f6fke ile Yahudi Diaspora\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n merkezi \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ABD ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n 12 Mart 1921\u2018de M\u0131s\u0131rdaki \u0130ngiliz Y\u00fcksek komiserli\u011fi yetkilileri ve Churchill<\/strong>\u2019in dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren tart\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra Irak\u2019\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na, K\u00fcrdistan<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturulmamas\u0131na ve \u015fimdilik kurulacak Irak devletinin i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131na karar verdiler. 1990\u2019larda Birinci K\u00f6rfez Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ve \u00e7eki\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7<\/strong> te\u015fkili ile ba\u015flay\u0131p, Kuzey Iraktaki \u201cK\u00fcrt devleti<\/strong>\u201d olu\u015fumuna kadar uzanan s\u00fcreci, o g\u00fcn ertelenen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin, hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi olarak da okumak gerekir.<\/p>\n (Devam edecek)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" “D\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne Ortado\u011fu ve Filistin sorunu” yaz\u0131 dizisinin 3. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":17735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[2739,410,409,339],"coauthors":[148],"class_list":["post-17733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yakin-cografya","tag-emperyalist","tag-filistin","tag-israil","tag-osmanli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17733"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17736,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17733\/revisions\/17736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17733"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=17733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Sykes-Picot sonras\u0131 ve \u0130srail\u2019in kurulu\u015funa giden s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/h2>\n