\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin toplumsal evrimi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 milletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine dayanmaktad\u0131r. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren, ak\u0131l ve bilim \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ekonomik ve toplumsal geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren toplumlarda, yerel ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklardan hareketle \u2018millet\u2019 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Millet b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc esas alan mill\u00ee devlet y\u00f6netimini demokrasi ile ta\u00e7land\u0131ran toplumlar giderek zenginle\u015ftiler ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendiler.<\/p>\n
Mill\u00ee devlet y\u00f6netimi konusunda yetersiz kalan toplumlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla yoksul ve zay\u0131f kald\u0131lar. Mill\u00ee ekonomilerini, yetkin y\u00f6netici ve giri\u015fimci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde toplumsal refah\u0131 art\u0131racak bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131yamad\u0131lar. Toplumun \u00fcretkenlik ve katk\u0131lar\u0131 oran\u0131nda toplumsal adaleti sa\u011flayamad\u0131lar. Demokratik d\u00fczene ya hi\u00e7 ge\u00e7emediler ya da demokratik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi i\u015fletemediler. Demokratik haklar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kendileri i\u00e7in isteyip, siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve inan\u00e7 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bozmaktan \u00e7ekinmediler. Bu toplumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini korumda yetersiz olduklar\u0131 gibi, zengin ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplumlar\u0131n y\u00f6netim vesayeti alt\u0131nda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Zengin \u00fclke egemenleri, sahip olduklar\u0131 servet ve siyasal konumlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yoksul \u00fclkelerin kaynaklar\u0131na daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2kimiyet bilinci geli\u015fmemi\u015f \u00fclkelerin do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomik imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullanma \u00e7abas\u0131na giri\u015ftiler. Bu stratejik hedeflere ula\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak politikalara ise k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin, en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli ise millet b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayal\u0131 mill\u00ee, sosyal ve demokratik devlet y\u00f6netimleriydi.<\/p>\n
Zengin \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firket ve finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya co\u011frafyas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ekonomik etkinliklerini hi\u00e7bir mill\u00ee devlet engeline tak\u0131lmadan kolayca y\u00fcr\u00fctmek istiyordu. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin, beklenildi\u011fi gibi zengin \u00fclkeler lehine i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in yoksul \u00fclkelerin mill\u00ee devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zorlay\u0131c\u0131 iki strateji \u00fczerinde odaklan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lki, yoksul \u00fclkeleri mill\u00ee ekonomileri haz\u0131r olmadan k\u00fcresel piyasa d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7meye zorlamak ve ekonomilerini \u00e7\u00f6kertmek; ikincisi ise siyasal kutupla\u015fma yoluyla toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel sermaye, d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla s\u00f6m\u00fcrme i\u015ftah\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel olarak mill\u00ee devlet y\u00f6netimlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. K\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yer y\u00fcz\u00fcnde az say\u0131da mill\u00ee devlet yerine, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fcdahaleye a\u00e7\u0131k \u2018otoriter\u2019 y\u00f6neticilerin y\u00f6netti\u011fi \u00e7ok say\u0131da devlet\u00e7iklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 arzuluyor. Bir \u015fekilde, \u2018otoriter y\u00f6netici\u2019 ele ge\u00e7irilince toplulu\u011fun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc denetlemek daha kolay oluyor. S\u00f6z gelimi, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde iki y\u00fcze yak\u0131n \u2018mill\u00ee devlet\u2019 yerine, y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendi halklar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde otoriter rejimler kurdu\u011fu ve birbirlerine d\u00fc\u015fman iki bine yak\u0131n devlet\u00e7ik olmas\u0131 daha avantajl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal kaynaklar, ticaret yollar\u0131 ve uygun pazar olma potansiyeli olan \u2018m\u00fcsait\u2019 \u00fclkelerde, \u00e7e\u015fitli inan\u00e7 yorumlar\u0131na dayal\u0131 dinsel cemaat say\u0131s\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zleniyor. Ger\u00e7ekte, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcreciyle birlikte, yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmi\u015f toplumlarda dinsel ve siyasal cemaatle\u015fme olaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bu olu\u015fumlar, k\u00fcresel s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve y\u00f6netim e\u015fitsizliklerinden \u00e7ok, \u0131srarla \u00fclkelerinin toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan de\u011ferlere sald\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Toplumsal B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe Kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018Kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrler\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr sistemlerinde, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fik aile, dil, mill\u00ee kimlik ve kurucu de\u011ferler gibi temel \u00f6\u011felerini, a\u00e7\u0131ktan ya da \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak reddeden alt k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fumlar\u0131na \u2018kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u2019 denilmektedir. Bir toplumda, toplumsal d\u00fczene ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine ele\u015ftiri getirmenin \u00f6tesinde, sistemin temel \u00f6\u011felerine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 eylemlerde bulunan alt topluluklar, \u00e7o\u011funlukla kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6rnekleri olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Bu anlamda, \u00e7e\u015fitli inan\u00e7 yorumlar\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda mill\u00ee devleti y\u0131kmaya y\u00f6nelik eylemler i\u00e7inde olan bir k\u0131s\u0131m siyasal ve \u2018cemaat\u00e7i\u2019 yap\u0131lar da \u00e7o\u011funlukla birer kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr yap\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cemaat ve di\u011fer inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131, geleneksel \u00f6zellikleri gere\u011fi kapal\u0131 alt k\u00fclt\u00fcrler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi. Mevcut mill\u00ee devlet y\u00f6netimiyle sorunlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece birer alt k\u00fclt\u00fcr alanlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururlard\u0131. Oysa, k\u00fcresel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve dokuyu bozma aparat\u0131 gibi i\u015fleyen cemaat ve inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131, \u015fimdilerde nesnel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak bi\u00e7imde \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131lar. Her f\u0131rsatta daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmaya ve alternatif bayraklarla soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. K\u00fcresel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131ndaki otoriter y\u00f6netimler de k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye direnen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bask\u0131larken, k\u00fcresel hedefler do\u011frultusunda i\u015fleyen birtak\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a ald\u0131rmaz davran\u0131r oldu<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bir\u00e7ok milletin kendi \u00fclkelerinin ger\u00e7ek sahipleri olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce hayat s\u00fcrme \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015faret fi\u015fe\u011fi oldu. \u0130rili ufakl\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkesi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z milliyet\u00e7ilik ya da devrimci hareketler sayesinde, hi\u00e7 olmazsa bi\u00e7imsel ve g\u00f6receli olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kazand\u0131lar. Milletle\u015fme ve mill\u00ee devlet modeli ile kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanmak istediler. Nispeten bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, k\u00fcreselci arzulara en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n
1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra zengin \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin arka bah\u00e7esi olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yeni stratejiler ve politikalar dayat\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, arzu ettikleri \u00fclke y\u00f6netimlerine kolayca n\u00fcfuz edebilmesinde, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl millet olgusuna dayanan mill\u00ee devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 engel olu\u015fturuyordu. Millet b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve mill\u00ee devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7isi olan milliyet\u00e7ilik hareketlerinin i\u00e7i bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan toplumsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve siyaset bo\u015flu\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde -\u00fclkelerin inan\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re- \u2018m\u00fcsait\u2019 cemaat ve alt k\u00fcmeler taraf\u0131ndan dolduruldu. S\u00f6z gelimi, \u00f6nceleri \u2018Ye\u015fil Ku\u015fak Projesi\u2019 kapsam\u0131nda Afganistan, Pakistan, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, siyasal islamc\u0131 cemaat\u00e7i yap\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Sonradan da BOP kapsam\u0131nda G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Orta Do\u011fuda \u2018cemaatle\u015fme\u2019 olay\u0131nda adeta sosyal bir patlama oldu. Hedefteki \u00fclkelerde meydana gelen siyasal ayaklanma ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n hemen tamam\u0131nda en etkili rol\u00fc siyasal islamc\u0131 ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 topluluklar oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik tarihinin en kadim y\u00f6ntemlerinden birisi de toplumlar\u0131n, i\u015f birlik\u00e7i alt topluluklar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u00e7eriden zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk hakimiyetini y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in \u2018K\u00fcrt teali cemiyeti\u2019, \u2018\u0130slam teali cemiyeti\u2019 ve \u2018\u0130ngiliz muhipleri \u2018(sevicileri) cemiyeti\u2019 gibi topluluklar kurdurulmu\u015ftu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de k\u00fcresel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u015f birlik\u00e7isi olan -siyasal ve dinsel birtak\u0131m de\u011ferlerin arkas\u0131na gizlenmi\u015f- bir\u00e7ok topluluk mevcuttur. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr odaklar\u0131, Orta Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin \u2018alametifarikas\u0131\u2019 say\u0131lan \u2018takiye\u2019 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile son zamanlar\u0131n arabesk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f derin bir iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe sahipler. S\u00f6z gelimi, yak\u0131n zamanda Fethullah\u00e7\u0131 ve Adnan Oktar cemaat yap\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00fcresel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin Truva atlar\u0131 gibi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetleriyle hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki siyasalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f cemaatlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi, \u2018Cumhuriyet\u2019, \u2018Atat\u00fcrk\u2019 \u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019 ve \u2018vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019 gibi mill\u00ee devletin temel \u00f6\u011felerini reddedici eylemleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fumudur. Ayr\u0131ca, temelde \u0130slami \u00f6\u011fretilerin i\u00e7inin bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130slami s\u00f6ylem ve simgelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Orta Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr malzemeleriyle dolduruldu\u011fu siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 ve dinsel topluluklarda, asl\u0131nda birer kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr k\u0131vam\u0131nda topluluklard\u0131r. K\u00fcresel kapitalist zihniyet, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir zenginlik hegemonyas\u0131 kurmak \u00fczere, s\u00fcrekli olarak toplumlar\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 topluluklar\u0131, birer operasyon aleti gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet\u2019i, milletle\u015fme ve mill\u00ee devlet konusunda ciddi bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterme a\u015famas\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ter\u00f6rle vurulurken; i\u00e7eriden de mill\u00ee kimli\u011fi reddeden bir tak\u0131m g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc cemaat tipi olu\u015fumlarla zay\u0131flat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ak\u0131l ve bilimin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u2018Mill\u00ee e\u011fitim\u2019 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi ve h\u00e2kimiyet bilinci; \u2018\u00fcniversiteler\u2019 \u00fczerinden akademik \u00f6\u011frenim sistemi yeniden in\u015fa edilmeli.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mill\u00ee devlet y\u00f6netimi konusunda yetersiz kalan toplumlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla yoksul ve zay\u0131f kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":187,"featured_media":17822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2770,698,2769,1622],"yoast_head":"\n