T\u00fcrkiye, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk tan\u0131yan \u00fclkelerden biridir. Tan\u0131man\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi i\u00e7in imzalanmas\u0131 gereken protokol\u00fcn m\u00fczakerelerine de hemen ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Yukar\u0131 Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n ve etraf\u0131ndaki Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Ermenistan taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali protokol\u00fcn imzas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye, misilleme olarak da Kars S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermeni vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6z yumulmas\u0131\/izin verilmesi, \u0130stanbul-Erivan havayolunun a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131 gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 jestler Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n tutumunda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaratmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aradaki m\u00fczakereler zaman zaman kesilse de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gayreti ile gayri resm\u00ee olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak gene de tatmin edici bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk y\u00f6neticileri buna ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye ile Ermenistan ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirme yolundaki gayretlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler hatta bunu ki\u015fisel mesele, ama\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130li\u015fkilerin normalle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir hamle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin arabuluculu\u011funda ve Rusya ile Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin himayesinde, gizli m\u00fczakere edilen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu m\u00fczakerelerin sonucunda diplomatik ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren iki Protokol 10 Ekim 2009 tarihinde Z\u00fcrih\u2019de imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha imzalar at\u0131lmadan m\u00fczakerelerin seyri hakk\u0131nda haberdar olan baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk diplomatlar\u0131 protokollerin zamanlamas\u0131na ve amac\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flarsa da bir etkileri olmam\u0131\u015f, imzalar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin beklentisinin, ikili ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenleyen protokollerin sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Karaba\u011f ve i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131 sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc yolunda ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu konuda bir ilerleme kaydedilememi\u015ftir. Ele\u015ftirenler ise kendini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hisseden Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n arazide hi\u00e7bir taviz vermeyece\u011fini, b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin ancak Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n asker\u00ee bir galibiyetinden sonra ba\u015flayabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile imzalanan 2009 Z\u00fcrih protokolleri de \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Burada bir parantez a\u00e7arak protokollere ili\u015fkin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin politikas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek gerekir. Azerbaycan ile Ermenistan ili\u015fkilerinde bir ilerleme -yani toprak iadesi- oldu\u011fu takdirde T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u00e7acak ve normalle\u015fme ba\u015flayacak. Bunun da diasporan\u0131n aleyhimizdeki faaliyetlerini \u00f6nlemekte olumlu etkisi olacak.<\/p>\n
Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir: Diaspora ile Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n dinamikleri ayr\u0131d\u0131r. Ermenistan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen her te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc zaaf olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Tarihi topraklar\u0131 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kolayca elde etti\u011fi araziyi terk etmez.<\/p>\n
30 y\u0131ldan fazla ate\u015fkes h\u00e2linde devam eden Ermenistan \u2013 Azerbaycan Sava\u015f\u0131, 2020 ve 2023 Ekim asker\u00ee harekatlar\u0131 sonucunda Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n zaferi ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda iki devlet aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131r 1991 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda t\u00fcm yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Sovyet Cumhuriyetleri taraf\u0131ndan Almat\u0131\u2019da kabul edilen SSCB \u201cFedere Cumhuriyet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framadan yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil edecektir.\u201d ilkesine uygundur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla me\u015fru hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu ilke zaten G\u00fcrcistan ve Ukrayna hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn eski Sovyet Cumhuriyetleri i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlidir. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n mevcut liderli\u011fi de bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131yarak bar\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki \u00fclke tarihlerinde bar\u0131\u015fa bu kadar yak\u0131n olmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pa\u015finyan, kendisinden \u00f6nce bar\u0131\u015fa en yak\u0131n Ermeni lider olan Der Petrosyan\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye ile Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 tek muhatap olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu isabetli bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Zira baz\u0131lar\u0131 ne kadar ay\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n Azerbaycan- Ermenistan ili\u015fkileri 200 y\u0131la yak\u0131nd\u0131r s\u00fcren T\u00fcrk-Ermeni sorununun ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendisini bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten soyutlamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Azerbaycan ile birlikte \u00f6n almal\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni yapmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin de idrak etmesi gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca husus, b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flama konusunda ne hevesli ne de aceleci olduklar\u0131d\u0131r. Aksine b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131k ve n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk -Ermeni uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun bilincindedirler. Bu tip \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 vatanda\u015f\/se\u00e7menlerin Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin etkisi alt\u0131nda bi\u00e7imlenen kimlikleri T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temeline dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylar canl\u0131 tutulmakta, bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k gen\u00e7lere de a\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu zihniyetteki se\u00e7men topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclke se\u00e7imlerinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131, siyasi liderlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini etkilemektedir. Nitekim Azerbaycan \u2013 Ermenistan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n BM ve AG\u0130T kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in arabuluculukla g\u00f6revlendirilen ABD, Fransa ve Rusya e\u015f ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131ndaki MINSK grubu mesaisini bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmaya de\u011fil, i\u015fi uzatarak arazide \u00fcst\u00fcn durumda olan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan hem Azerbaycan hem de Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n me\u015fru s\u0131n\u0131rlar temelinde bir bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalama iradesine sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu iradenin d\u0131\u015f etkilerle zaman i\u00e7inde zay\u0131flamas\u0131 veya yok olmas\u0131 ise hi\u00e7 ihtimal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu ihtimalin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 di\u011fer baz\u0131 sebeplerden dolay\u0131 acil bir meseledir. Bu sebepler \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n
Ermenistan n\u00fcfus kaybeden, ekonomik durumu parlak olmayan bir \u00fclkedir. Ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Diaspora\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na g\u00fcvenmesi son y\u0131llar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Yahudi Diasporas\u0131 gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Diaspora\u2019dan kimse gelip Ermenistan\u2019da askerlik yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi zengin Ermeniler de Erivan\u2019a para ya\u011fd\u0131rmamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Pa\u015finyan ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir politikac\u0131 olarak bu durumun fark\u0131nda ve \u00fclkesinin gelece\u011finin Azerbaycan ve T\u00fcrkiye ile bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun bilincinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f ve istikrar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkelerin refah\u0131yla ilgisi g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olan T\u00fcrkiye bu konuda \u00f6n almal\u0131d\u0131r. Her \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin de refah\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunacak politikalar\u0131, Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben her \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin mutabakat\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vakit ge\u00e7irmeden a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen ancak uygulamaya konmayan, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fumuz Avrupa Konseyi\u2019nin kararlar\u0131na uygun \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan i\u015f birli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d bu konuda ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye, Nah\u00e7\u0131van ve Ermenistan aras\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p daha sonra ana \u00fclkeler Azerbaycan\u2019la Ermenistan aras\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan ticarete imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r illerinin refah\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131racakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r illeri olan Kars ve I\u011fd\u0131r da do\u011fal \u201chinterland\u201dlar\u0131na kavu\u015facaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyemiz Emekli B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i ve T\u00fcrk Kene\u015fi Kurucu Genel Sekreteri Halil Ak\u0131nc\u0131’n\u0131n bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 07\/05\/2024 tarihinde FikirTuru sitesinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":180,"featured_media":18049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[54,671,753,2059,1839,2660,1153,187],"coauthors":[2061],"class_list":["post-18048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-azerbaycan","tag-baris","tag-ermenistan","tag-halil-akinci","tag-karabag","tag-nahcivan","tag-sscb","tag-turkiye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/180"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18048"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18053,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18048\/revisions\/18053"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18048"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}