T\u00fcrk siyasetine dair yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z okuman\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z analize temel te\u015fkil edecek \u00f6n kabulleri \u00f6ncelikle \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
1- Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk siyasi tarihi Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura\u2019n\u0131n kitab\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00fc\u00e7 ana siyasi ak\u0131m\u0131n hakimiyetinde \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck, Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k ideolojileri siyasete damga vurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2-T\u00fcrk siyasetinde b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler 25\u2019er(+5,-5) y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
3-Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k siyasi hareketi kapitalizmi kutsamas\u0131 ve NATO\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ortak paydas\u0131nda liberal ekol ve sosyal demokrat ekol olarak iki ana fay hatt\u0131nda var olmu\u015ftur. Gerek kapitalizm gerek sosyalizm Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir.<\/p>\n
4-Bir siyasi partinin iktidar olabilmesi i\u00e7in ya k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ge\u00e7erli \u201cmill\u00ee bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemati\u011fine\u201d sahip olmas\u0131 ve o d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde etki kapasitesine sahip olmas\u0131 ya da k\u00fcresel bir ideolojinin (Liberalizm, Sosyal demokrasi, Siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k gibi) \u201c\u00fclke acentas\u0131\u201d olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
5-Genel d\u00fcnya tarihinin ve \u00fclkeye \u00f6zel siyasi tarihin b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi de\u011fi\u015fimler olur. Bu ba\u011flamda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc zaman dilimini tan\u0131mlarken i\u00e7erde Cumhuriyetin ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131, genel d\u00fcnya tarihi olarak ise \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc biny\u0131l i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz verisini akl\u0131m\u0131zda tutmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu bilgiler bize hem T\u00fcrk siyasetinin yeni bir evreye girdi\u011fini hem de d\u00fcnya jeopoliti\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fen d\u00fcnya siyasetinin yeni bir safhaya ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesi ve 1.D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011flubiyetiyle Anadolu\u2019yu i\u015fgalden kurtarmaya ve \u00fclkenin tekrar tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kadrolar\u0131n ana motivasyonu milliyet\u00e7ilik olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fgalci \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin o d\u00f6neme ait diplomatik i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Mill\u00ee m\u00fccadele kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cMilliyet\u00e7iler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin kurucusu Atat\u00fcrk de kendini tan\u0131mlarken T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 da Ziya G\u00f6kalp, \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ve milliyet\u00e7i siyasetin \u00f6nc\u00fc ayd\u0131n kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Cumhuriyeti kuran T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kadrolar\u0131n \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan uygulamalar\u0131 ise k\u0131smen Turanc\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ise tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 anti emperyalist duru\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk \u201cH\u00fcrriyet ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k benim karakterimdir.\u201d diyerek emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere meydan okumu\u015ftur. Daha \u00c7anakkale cephesinde g\u00f6sterdikleri direni\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131kla Mustafa Kemal ve T\u00fcrk askerleri bir\u00e7ok ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen millete \u00f6rnek olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Gandhi\u2019nin \u201cAtat\u00fcrk \u00c7anakkale\u2019de \u0130ngilizleri yenene kadar \u0130ngilizleri Tanr\u0131 zannediyordum.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ilerinin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir\u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k isteyen s\u00f6m\u00fcrge milletine \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu bize g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Ancak bu d\u00f6nem \u00f6nce Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan da 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Almanya-\u0130talya ittifak\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmesi ile 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda sonlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu siyasi makas de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6yle sessizce olmam\u0131\u015f, Nihal Ats\u0131z ve Alpaslan T\u00fcrke\u015f gibi T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131 kadrolar tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ve tabutluklarda i\u015fkence g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. 1944-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc liderli\u011finde \u00fclke siyasetine Anadoluculuk diyebilece\u011fimiz bir siyasi hareket vaziyet etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece ilk yirmi be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n liberal acentas\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz Demokrat Partinin iktidara gelmesi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ABD ve NATO taraftar\u0131 Bat\u0131c\u0131 siyasette 1960 darbesi ile makas de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lmak istenmi\u015f ancak Alpaslan T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu 14\u2019lerin tasfiyesi ile Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri yeni kurduklar\u0131 AP ile yollar\u0131na devam etmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nem Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n liberal kanad\u0131n\u0131n siyasette belirleyici oldu\u011fu bununla birlikte makas de\u011fi\u015ftiren CHP\u2019nin de k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemlerde iktidar oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdir. Ancak bu d\u00f6nemin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de CHP\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7inde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frayarak Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Sosyal demokrasi \u201dacentas\u0131na\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir. 1970 asker\u00ee muht\u0131ras\u0131 ise Bat\u0131c\u0131 partilerin yakla\u015fan kom\u00fcnizm tehlikesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerekli m\u00fccadeleyi yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan NATO ba\u011fl\u0131s\u0131 bir grup askerin siyasete ince ayar yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin sonunda ise T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ve Siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 ak\u0131mlar kurduklar\u0131 yeni partiler ile MHP (1967) ve MNP (1971) ile siyaset sahnesinde ikincil rollerde var olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hatta 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda CHP-MSP koalisyonu ile siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 hareket, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan bu yana ilk defa iktidarda s\u00f6z sahibi olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131 Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (AP) ana belirleyici oldu\u011fu ancak Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fundan beri ilk defa T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc\/Milliyet\u00e7i kadrolar\u0131n iktidar sahnesinde g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman dilimidir.\u00a0 MHP\u2019nin M.C. koalisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 say\u0131sal olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde kurulan koalisyonlara Milliyet\u00e7i Cephe ismini verdirtecek kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yads\u0131namaz bir ger\u00e7ektir. 1970-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131na hem koalisyonlar h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hem de Sovyet emperyalizminin sald\u0131rgan politikalar\u0131 neticesinde i\u00e7eride kom\u00fcnizm f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131ndan etkilenen\u00a0 \u201dmankurtlar\u201d ile d\u00f6nemin Kuva-yi Milliyecileri diyebilece\u011fimiz \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerin s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 damga vurmu\u015ftur. Mutlaka bu d\u00f6neme ait s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken bir \u015fey de siyasal islamc\u0131lar\u0131n pragmatist bir\u00a0 politika izledikleri ve ne kom\u00fcnist gruplarla ne de \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerle s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmemeleridir. Siyasal islamc\u0131lar bu d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 koalisyonlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla devlette kadrola\u015fma faaliyetlerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermi\u015flerdir. \u0130kibinli y\u0131llarda g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz sermaye birikimi ve insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1980 darbesi de t\u0131pk\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki muht\u0131ra gibi siyasi partilerin i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve kom\u00fcnizm tehlikesini \u00f6nleyemeyece\u011fine inanan NATO\u2019cu subaylar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980 -2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise partilerin ismi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olmakla beraber Bat\u0131c\u0131 liberaller ile Bat\u0131c\u0131 sosyal demokratlar\u0131n bazen i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bazen de kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 kavgas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlard\u0131r. Ancak bu d\u00f6neme ait mutlaka alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmesi gerekli en \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri \u00d6zal\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar ile T\u00fcrk ekonomisinin k\u00fcresel kapitalizme tam entegre olmas\u0131, di\u011feri Sovyetler Birli\u011finin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sosyalizm ve onun t\u00fcrevi olan sosyal demokrasi ideolojilerinin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmesidir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6neme Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k siyasi hareketinin kabus y\u0131llar\u0131 diyebiliriz.Hem Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sosyal demokrasi ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn pop\u00fclerli\u011fini yitirmesi hem de Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer kanad\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan liberallerin, kapitalizmin t\u0131kanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7are bulamay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kendilerini \u201cmerkez partiler\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan sa\u011f ve sol partilerin T\u00fcrk siyasetinde zemin kaybetmelerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ya mill\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemati\u011fine sahip T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Milliyet\u00e7i partilerin iktidar olmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da di\u011fer tek alternatif olarak g\u00f6z\u00fcken k\u00fcresel siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 hareketin T\u00fcrkiye \u201cacentas\u0131\u201d olmaya talip partilerin iktidar olmas\u0131n\u0131 icap ettiriyordu. 1999 se\u00e7imlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi tabloda kendisine teklif edilen Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddeden Bah\u00e7eli ile milliyet\u00e7iler d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131k dilimde ana akt\u00f6r olma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 elleriyle itmi\u015f oluyorlard\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu k\u0131sa zaman dilimi ikibinli y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 y\u0131l kimlerin iktidar olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil 2000-2025 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hangi ak\u0131m\u0131n iktidar olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131. DSP-MHP-ANAP koalisyonu ile Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hem sosyal demokrat hem liberal kanad\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ak\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00e7uvala sokulmas\u0131 ve sonunda da bir nevi \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucunda zaten geriye tek alternatif olarak siyasal islamc\u0131 ak\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla alternatifleri yok edilen siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u015fekilde yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Neticede geri \u00e7ekilen Bat\u0131c\u0131 ak\u0131mlar\u0131n baz\u0131 siyasi kadrolar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ve AB\u2019ye \u00fcyelik gibi arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanan siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n partisi AKP Cumhuriyetin son \u00e7eyre\u011finde tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta bununla da yetinmeyip Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ve Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn izlerini silme \u00e7abas\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7 politikada siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikada ise Yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan AKP siyaseti ise neredeyse t\u0131kanma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Hem Oliver Roy\u2019un\u00a0 \u201dSiyasal \u0130slam\u0131n iflas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 m\u00fcthi\u015f kitab\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi k\u00fcresel geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle art\u0131k siyasal islam\u0131n acentas\u0131 olmas\u0131 zorla\u015fmakta hem de ekonomi de\u00a0 h\u00e2l\u00e2 yirmi y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn modelini olu\u015fturamamas\u0131 i\u015fleri zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u201cPeki bu \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131 g\u00f6ren AKP ve Erdo\u011fan nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftireceklerdir?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda bir se\u00e7enek kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, o se\u00e7enek ise demokrasi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan bir otoriterle\u015fme ve onun sonunda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn kurdu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek yerine Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n kurucu lideri oldu\u011fu bir s\u00f6zde \u201d\u0130slamc\u0131 monar\u015fi\u201d.<\/p>\n
Yeni Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu niyetin kamufle edilmi\u015f h\u00e2lidir ve T\u00fcrk milleti, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz s\u00fcre\u00e7te tercihinin Cumhuriyetten mi yoksa Monar\u015fiden mi yana olaca\u011f\u0131na karar verecektir. Ancak hangi karar\u0131 verirse versin sanc\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
(Gelecek yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Cumhuriyet\u2019in ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda hangi siyasi ak\u0131m\u0131n iktidara yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Genel d\u00fcnya tarihinin ve \u00fclkeye \u00f6zel siyasi tarihin b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi de\u011fi\u015fimler olur. Bu ba\u011flamda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc zaman dilimini tan\u0131mlarken i\u00e7erde Cumhuriyetin ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131, genel d\u00fcnya tarihi olarak ise \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc biny\u0131l i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz verisini akl\u0131m\u0131zda tutmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":203,"featured_media":18089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[1072,432,2864,187],"yoast_head":"\n