{"id":18564,"date":"2024-11-25T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=18564&preview=true&preview_id=18564"},"modified":"2024-11-25T01:48:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T22:48:07","slug":"turkiyede-hayat-nasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turkiyede-hayat-nasil\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de hayat nas\u0131l?"},"content":{"rendered":"

1985-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Paris\u2019te Ekonomik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi ve Kalk\u0131nma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OECD) nezdinde \u201cPlanlama M\u00fc\u015faviri<\/em><\/strong>\u201d olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m kurulu\u015f, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n daha iyiye gidip gitmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendiren \u201cHow\u2019s Life?\u201d<\/a><\/em><\/strong> (Hayat Nas\u0131l) isimli \u00f6nemli bir rapor yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

OECD’nin 38 \u00fclkesi, Kuzey Amerika ve G\u00fcney Amerika’dan Avrupa ve Asya-Pasifik’e kadar yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/strong>. \u00dcyeler, \u00d6rg\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan ve denetleyen OECD Konseyi’nde b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilir. \u00dcye \u00fclkeler, \u00fclke incelemelerinde \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, OECD S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 1 No’lu Ek Protokol\u00fc uyar\u0131nca OECD’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cHayat nas\u0131l? \u00fclke profilleri\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0raporlar\u0131 \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin refah performans\u0131 ile her OECD \u00fcyesi i\u00e7in refah e\u015fitsizlikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. \u00a0Raporlar, insanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n iyiye gidip gitmedi\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in 80\u2019den fazla g\u00f6stergeyi kullanarak \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131r. Raporlar, refah\u0131n 11 boyutunu (gelir ve zenginlik, i\u015f ve i\u015f kalitesi, bar\u0131nma, sa\u011fl\u0131k, bilgi ve beceriler, \u00e7evresel kalite, i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi, sosyal ba\u011flant\u0131lar, sivil kat\u0131l\u0131m, g\u00fcvenlik<\/em>) kapsayan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6znel refah ve gelecekteki refah i\u00e7in 4 farkl\u0131 kaynak vard\u0131r: \u201cdo\u011fal, be\u015feri, ekonomik <\/em>ve sosyal sermaye\u201d.<\/em> Her bask\u0131, insanlar\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, farkl\u0131 n\u00fcfus gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Rapor, COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve sonras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7inme sorununun etkilerini ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan e\u011filimleri ortaya koymakta, finansal endi\u015felerin ve g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin azalmakla birlikte yayg\u0131n olmaya devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcstteki y\u00fczde 20\u2019si, en alttaki y\u00fczde 20\u2019den ortalama 5,6 kat daha fazla gelir elde etmektedir.<\/strong> OECD \u00fclkelerinde ortalama olarak hanelerin en zengin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u t\u00fcm hane servetinin yar\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en alttaki y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n serveti, ya \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 yoktur. Baz\u0131 OECD \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6zlemlenen h\u00fck\u00fcmete duyulan g\u00fcven d\u00fczeylerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00a0insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019u fiziksel s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken son 4 y\u0131lda endi\u015fe ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duygular\u0131yla ya\u015fam memnuniyeti bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 kriterlerdeki veriler olduk\u00e7a \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7ermekte ve \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu olumsuzluklar\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fi g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik gelir grubunun en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik gelir grubunun ka\u00e7 kat\u0131 gelir elde etti\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7en orana g\u00f6re OECD ortalamas\u0131 5,6 kat iken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 8 kat\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. T\u00fcrkiye, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en bozuk oldu\u011fu d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc OECD \u00fcyesi \u00fclkedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamakta zorluk \u00e7eken veya \u00e7ok zorluk \u00e7eken ki\u015filerin y\u00fczdesine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2019 sonras\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fme h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f ve son 4 y\u0131lda ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamakta zorlananlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye olmu\u015ftur. <\/strong>2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda 17 Avrupa OECD \u00fclkesindeki insanlar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczde 9\u2019u evlerini yeterince \u0131s\u0131tamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu oran en son 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na ait verilerle y\u00fczde 20\u2019ler civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkiye en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeterli paras\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in son 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haftada en az bir g\u00fcn yeterli yemek yemedi\u011fini bildiren 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u00fczdesinde T\u00fcrkiye ilk s\u0131radad\u0131r<\/strong>. Y\u00fczde 20\u2019ye yak\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci a\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. <\/strong>OECD \u00fclkelerinde bu oran ortalama y\u00fczde 8\u2019dir. \u0130stihdam, e\u011fitim veya \u00f6\u011fretimde olmayan gen\u00e7lerin (15-24 ya\u015f) en y\u00fcksek oran\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dedir. OECD ortalamas\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019lar civar\u0131nda iken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oran y\u00fczde 25\u2019lerdedir.
\nOrtalama ya\u015fam memnuniyeti 0\u2019dan (hi\u00e7 memnun de\u011fil) 10\u2019a (tamamen memnun) kadar bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte 12 OECD \u00fclkesinde sabit kal\u0131rken, 11 \u00fclkede k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f, 6 \u00fclkede iyile\u015fme olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye, memnuniyetin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00fclkedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

2022-2023 d\u00f6neninde OECD n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla endi\u015fe ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oran y\u00fczde 45\u2019lerde olup, T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. OECD ortalamas\u0131 y\u00fczde 20\u2019lerde iken, T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fczde 30\u2019lardaki oran ile en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkedir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama ki\u015fileraras\u0131 g\u00fcven puan\u0131 i\u00e7in OECD 18 ortalamas\u0131 0\u2019dan (kimseye g\u00fcvenmezsiniz) 10\u2019a (\u00e7o\u011fu insana g\u00fcvenilebilir) kadar bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte 6,1 iken T\u00fcrkiye, y\u00fczde 3,5 ile en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fclke durumundad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00fcven OECD ortalamas\u0131 d\u00fczeyindedir.<\/p>\n

OECD \u00fclkeleri genelinde kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndaki yolsuzluklara ili\u015fkin alg\u0131larda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolsuzlu\u011fun OECD ortalama seviyesi 0\u2019dan (\u00e7ok yolsuzluk) 100\u2019e (yolsuzlu\u011fun tamamen yoklu\u011fu) kadar bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndaki yolsuzluklar kriterinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 olan puan\u0131yla OECD \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda en k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkedir.<\/strong> Rapor sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00fclkemizdeki k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimin bir sonucu olarak halk\u0131n ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik olarak bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00a0<\/strong>Kamusal alanla ilgili olarak, T\u00fcrkiye’de orta d\u00fczeyde bir topluluk duygusu ve y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde sivil kat\u0131l\u0131m vard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 85’i, ihtiya\u00e7 an\u0131nda g\u00fcvenebilecekleri birini tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu oran y\u00fczde 91 olan OECD ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n siyasi s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan se\u00e7men kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, son se\u00e7imlerde y\u00fczde 86 ile OECD ortalamas\u0131 olan y\u00fczde 69’un \u00fczerindedir. Sosyal ve ekonomik durum oy verme oranlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemektedir. N\u00fcfusun en \u00fcstteki y\u00fczde 20’nin se\u00e7men kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 tahminen y\u00fczde 87, en alttaki y\u00fczde 20’nin se\u00e7men kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise tahminen y\u00fczde 84’t\u00fcr. Hayattan genel memnuniyetlerini 0’dan 10’a kadar derecelendirmeleri istendi\u011finde, T\u00fcrkler ortalama 4,9 puanla OECD ortalamas\u0131 olan 6,7’nin alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu durumun d\u00fczeltilmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmete d\u00fc\u015fen bir g\u00f6revdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamakta zorluk \u00e7eken veya \u00e7ok zorluk \u00e7eken ki\u015filerin y\u00fczdesine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2019 sonras\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fme h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f ve son 4 y\u0131lda ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamakta zorlananlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[349,2135,348,1276,382,2471,2308],"coauthors":[6],"class_list":["post-18564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-ekonomi","tag-mutluluk","tag-oecd","tag-saglik","tag-toplum","tag-yasam","tag-yolsuzluk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18564"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18568,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18564\/revisions\/18568"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18564"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}