Roma\u2019daki makarna raflar\u0131ndan, Amerikan s\u00fcpermarketlerindeki ket\u00e7ap \u015fi\u015felerine ve kozmetik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine kadar, Uygurlar\u0131n zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131 meyveleri d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda mutfaklara ve makyaj dolaplar\u0131na kadar ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sincan\u2019daki (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan) lekeli hasatlar\u0131n evinize kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olma ihtimali olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n
Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi, \u00c7in\u2019in toplama kamplar\u0131ndan Uygur kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok kitlesel insan haklar\u0131 ihlaliyle an\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fcresel g\u0131da \u00fcretimindeki rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, farkl\u0131 bir bask\u0131lama bi\u00e7imini ortaya koydu: tar\u0131msal sanayile\u015fme yoluyla geleneksel topluluklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n
Yeni bulgular\u0131m\u0131z, Pekin\u2019in Uygurlar\u0131 sadece kitlesel olarak zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda etnik topluluklardan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli arazi gasp\u0131na da \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. \u00c7inli g\u0131da ve kozmetik firmalar\u0131 ise bundan elde eden karlar\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Sincan, d\u00fcnya domates sal\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n %15, ac\u0131 biberlerin %10, kozmetik ve g\u0131da boyas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan biber pigmentlerinin %65 ve pop\u00fcler kalorisiz tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olan stevian\u0131n giderek artan bir pazar pay\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, Sincan\u2019da, \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri topraklar\u0131ndan sistematik bir \u015fekilde kopar\u0131p onlar\u0131 sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fine zorlamak suretiyle, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn in\u015fa edildi\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7ta zorla tar\u0131msal sanayile\u015fme sisteminin k\u00fcresel tedarik zincirlerine s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pekin, Uygur \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerini d\u00f6rt ana mekanizma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almakta ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrmektedir: zorunlu tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim, \u00c7inli \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen arazi gasp\u0131, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ile toplama kamp\u0131 tutuklular\u0131n\u0131n zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00c7inli b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m i\u015fletmelerinin, Uygurlar\u0131n evlerine kadar girerek m\u00fcdahaleci devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koymadaki etkin i\u015f birli\u011fidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir domates sal\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fcretici firma olan Guannong da bu do\u011frultuda kendi silahl\u0131 milislerini kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu operasyonun \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. 2001 ile 2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lge, arazi devrinde\u2014etnik \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin, devlet destekli tar\u0131m \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan yerinden edilmesinde\u201450 kat art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Baz\u0131 yerlerde, yetkililer, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin arazilerinin %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n tek bir sezon i\u00e7inde devredildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in 2019 K\u0131rsal Yoksulluk ve B\u00f6lgesel Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma y\u0131ll\u0131k raporu da arazi devri reformlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201czorlamay\u0131 ve te\u015fvi\u011fi birle\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fini\u201d a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet belgeleri, \u2018\u00e7ift\u00e7ileri\u2019 toprak haklar\u0131ndan \u2018kurtard\u0131ktan\u2019 sonra, yetkililerin onlar\u0131 devlet destekli \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen sanayi sitelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirdiklerini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu da demektir ki, topraklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lan Uygur \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri, tam da topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden alan \u015firketlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundad\u0131rlar ya da zorluklara katlanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yer, bir zamanlar kendi m\u00fclk\u00fc olduklar\u0131 arazilerdi.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin (bu b\u00f6lgedeki) ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ise fark edildi\u011finden daha derindir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, Sincan tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 72 uluslararas\u0131 ve 18 \u00c7inli \u015firketi tespit etti. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Kraft Heinz, Nestl\u00e9, Del Monte, PepsiCo, McCormick, Unilever ve L\u2019Or\u00e9al gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck markalar do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131larla yer almaktad\u0131r. Sincan merkezli \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firket, COFCO, Chalkis ve Chenguang Biotech, ABD ve Avrupa\u2019da ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketler i\u015fletmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bulgular\u0131m\u0131zla y\u00fczle\u015fen bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin tepkileri de endi\u015fe verici bir tablo ortaya koyuyor. Del Monte, COFCO ile devam eden tedarik ili\u015fkisini, tedarik\u00e7inin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal denetimlere dayand\u0131rarak savundu. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re, bu denetim \u00c7in\u2019de devlet taraf\u0131ndan dayat\u0131lan zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendiremez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc denet\u00e7iler tehditlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere ulusal g\u00fcvenlik yasalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce konu\u015fma izni verilmez.<\/p>\n
Kraft Heinz, COFCO tedarikli domates \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00c7in ve Orta Asya’da kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti. Ancak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z 2023 ve 2024 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Kraft Heinz\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r, Hindistan, Endonezya ve Yeni Zelanda\u2019daki ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketlerinin de COFCO\u2019nun domates sal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, Kraft Heinz, COFCO ile stratejik ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte ve bu ortakl\u0131kla bir\u00e7ok Sincan domatesi, onlar\u0131n tohumlar\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcregelen bir vah\u015fete nas\u0131l olanak sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n klasik bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
L\u2019Or\u00e9al, lekeli tedarik\u00e7ilerle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 reddetti ancak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131, Asya\u2019daki arac\u0131 kurulu\u015flar \u00fczerinden kurulan dolayl\u0131 tedarik zinciri ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda yorum yapmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n domates sal\u00e7as\u0131 ithalat\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in, Ku\u015fak ve Yol ta\u015f\u0131ma yollar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f domates \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan \u0130talya, Sincan\u2019daki devlet dayatmal\u0131 zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin k\u00fcresel pazarlara ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir arac\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sincan merkezli bir \u00fcretici, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticaretini \u201ckorumak\u201d amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 bile olmayan bir paravan \u015firket kurarak binlerce ton domates \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130talya\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Avrupa s\u00fcpermarketlerinde sat\u0131lan 17 domates \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn test sonucu, etiketlerinde \u0130talyan \u00fcretimi oldu\u011fu iddia edilmesine ra\u011fmen, onlar\u0131n \u00c7in men\u015feli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bu ticari d\u00fczenlemelerin arkas\u0131nda, Pekin\u2019in Sincan\u2019daki tar\u0131msal sanayile\u015fme politikalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, Uygur n\u00fcfusunun kendi geleneksel topraklar\u0131nda \u201cegemenli\u011fini sona erdirmeyi\u201d ama\u00e7layan daha geni\u015f bir stratejisi yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, Uygur \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerini topraklar\u0131ndan kopararak ve geleneksel topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tarak, \u201cn\u00fcfus optimizasyonu\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 kapsam\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 zorla \u00c7in end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m i\u015fletmelerine asimile etmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. G\u0131da ve kozmetik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in sanayi hammaddesi \u00fcreten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7inli \u00fcreticiler, bu politikalara do\u011frudan su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu meselenin \u00fcstesinden gelebilmek i\u00e7in yetkililer, Uygur b\u00f6lgesinden ithalat\u0131 yasaklayan mevzuat\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131, Pekin\u2019in geli\u015fen taktiklerine uyacak \u015fekilde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelidir; zira Pekin\u2019in taktikleri s\u00fcrekli olarak evrim ge\u00e7irmektedir. Amerikal\u0131 ve di\u011fer k\u00fcresel \u015firketler, art\u0131k yetersiz denetimlerin arkas\u0131na saklanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek riskli \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in tedarik zincirlerinin tamamen a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 talep edilmelidir. D\u00fczenleyiciler, tedarik zincirlerinin belirsizli\u011fine olanak sa\u011flayan ara \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik incelemeleri art\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kan\u0131tlar, Pekin\u2019in, Sincan\u2019da devlet taraf\u0131ndan dayat\u0131lan zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kararak ve etnik \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesini daha da geni\u015fleterek, bask\u0131 sistemini derinlemesine uyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u015eimdi as\u0131l mesele, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun tepkilerini buna g\u00f6re uyarlay\u0131p uyarlamayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Adrian Zenz, Kom\u00fcnizm Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma Vakf\u0131\u2019nda \u00c7in \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Direkt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak: https:\/\/thehill.com\/opinion\/international\/5037554-xinjiang-forced-labor-global-supply-chains\/<\/p>\n
Bahsedilen ara\u015ft\u0131rma: https:\/\/victimsofcommunism.org\/forced-labor-coercive-land-use-transfers-and-forced-assimilation-in-xinjiangs-agricultural-production<\/p>\n
\u00c7eviren: Kara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uygurlar’\u0131n yerlerinin gasp edilmesi ve zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili son raporun, yazar\u0131 Andrain Zenz taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6zet niteli\u011finde makalenin \u00e7evirisidir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":217,"featured_media":18698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[188,283,373,609,667,665,284],"coauthors":[3047],"class_list":["post-18694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turkluk-turkculuk","tag-cin","tag-dogu-turkistan","tag-sincan","tag-turk","tag-uygur","tag-uygur-turkleri","tag-uygurlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/217"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18699,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18694\/revisions\/18699"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18694"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}