T\u00fcrklerin Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131na yerle\u015fmeleri, bin y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesinde Mavera\u00fcnnehir\u2019e asker\u00ee seferler d\u00fczenleyen Emeviler ve Abbasiler taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan getirilen binlerce T\u00fcrk\u2019le ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00f6lgeye Kay\u0131\u011fl\u0131, K\u0131p\u00e7akl\u0131, Karluklu, Azg\u0131\u015fo\u011flu, Yamako\u011flu ve daha sonradan da O\u011fuzlar ve Tokuzo\u011fuzlar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrkmen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131. Emeviler devrinde ba\u015flay\u0131p Abbasiler devrinde ivme kazanan bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerde binlerce T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, kendi komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderli\u011finde Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da T\u00fcrklerin en \u00e7ok yerle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Suriye, Irak, Filistin, L\u00fcbnan ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn itibar\u0131yla Irak\u2019ta -asgari- 2 milyon, Suriye\u2019de 3,5 milyon, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da 50 binin \u00fczerinde, Filistin\u2019de 30 bin, \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin T\u00fcrkmen ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya gelmesinden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6ncelere dayanan bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00ee k\u00f6klerine birlikte g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Mavera\u00fcnnehir\u2019e yap\u0131lan ak\u0131nlar sonucu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan getirilen binlerce asker sayesinde T\u00fcrkler, burada var olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Abbasiler d\u00f6neminde yine bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 h\u0131z kazan\u0131rken T\u00fcrklerin b\u00f6lgede hakimiyet kurmalar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Toluno\u011flu Ahmed\u2019in 877’de Suriye’yi almas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra To\u011fa\u00e7o\u011flu Muhammed Ebu Bekir tarihte \u0130h\u015fidiler ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan devleti\u00a0 kurmu\u015f, bunlar 935-969 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye hakimiyet kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Gerek Toluno\u011fullar\u0131 gerekse \u0130h\u015fidiler d\u00f6nemlerinde T\u00fcrkler Suriye’de iktidar olmu\u015flard\u0131r. 10. ve 11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Sel\u00e7uklu ak\u0131nlar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7leri giderek yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Orta Asya\u2019dan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrkmen boy ve oymaklar\u0131, 1063 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Suriye’ye girerek kendi hayat \u015fartlar\u0131na uyabilecek b\u00f6lgeleri vatan edinmi\u015flerdi. Suriye’deki ilk T\u00fcrkmen yerle\u015fmesinin Halep ve Lazkiye \u015fehirleri ile bunlar\u0131n kuzeyindeki b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1243 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu ordusu, K\u00f6seda\u011f Muharebesinde Mo\u011follara ma\u011flup olunca Anadolu\u2019daki nizam bozulmu\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla baz\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131, Anadolu\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak Memluk Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Sultan Baybars (1260-1277) zaman\u0131nda 40.000 \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bir T\u00fcrkmen toplulu\u011fu Halep b\u00f6lgesine gelerek yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar\u0131n k\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuzey Suriye, yaylaklar\u0131 ise Mara\u015f, Uzun Yayla ve Sivas\u2019a kadar uzanmaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda bilhassa Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyi tam manas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkmen yurdu h\u00e2line gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde Suriye\u2019ye gelip \u015eam\u2019a yerle\u015fen T\u00fcrkmenler, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ebu Said Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan faydalanarak 1337\u2019de Elbistan civar\u0131nda Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yavuz Sultan Selim, 1516 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mercidab\u0131k\u2019ta Memluklular\u0131 yenerek bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye topraklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7en 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti boyunca b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkmenlerin\u00a0 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, imparatorlu\u011fun Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki egemenli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir unsur olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmenlerin Suriye topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fmeleri daha kolay olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Suriye’yi topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131ktan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra b\u00f6lge T\u00fcrkmenlerinin kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1918\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilene kadar Suriye bir Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkmenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya d\u00f6nmekle birlikte, Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli oranda bir T\u00fcrkmen toplulu\u011fu da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilen Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun payla\u015f\u0131m haritalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Suriye T\u00fcrkmenlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n denetimine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkler, M\u00fcdafaa-y\u0131 Hukuk Cemiyetleri kurarak m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0Suriye ve Filistin Kuvva-y\u0131 Milliye-i Osmaniye\u00a0ad\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen b\u00f6lgedeki direni\u015fin reisi \u201c\u00d6zdemir\u201d takma ismini kullanan\u00a0Ali \u015eefik Bey\u2019dir. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 boyunca b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkmen direni\u015finin temel hedefi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmakt\u0131. \u015eubat 1919 tarihinden 22 Ekim 1921 tarihli Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na kadar b\u00f6lgede Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve taarruz ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015fgal askeri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye ile Fransa aras\u0131nda 20 Ekim 1921 tarihinde imzalanan Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 7. maddesi ile Suriye T\u00fcrkmenleri konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye garant\u00f6rl\u00fck verildi. 20 Kas\u0131m 1922 tarihinde ba\u015flayan Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 neredeyse hi\u00e7 konu edilmeden kabul edildi. 31 Ocak 1923 tarihinde Suriye ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar belirlenirken, Ekim 1921 tarihindeki T\u00fcrk Frans\u0131z anla\u015fmas\u0131 temel esas olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda kalmak isteyen k\u00f6ylerin isyan\u0131 olduysa da ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015famad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt silahl\u0131 milislerin T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde Frans\u0131z manda idaresine y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 1924 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Frans\u0131z manda idaresi mahalli idarelerinden olu\u015fan Suriye Devletler Birli\u011fi\u2019ni meydana getirerek \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00fczen, Araplarla Arap olmayanlar aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi art\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrkler, hem Arap milliyet\u00e7ilerinin hem de Manda idaresinin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cdikkatli olunmas\u0131 gereken\u201d bir az\u0131nl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenler, Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ilk on y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemden sonra daha sakin bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015fad\u0131lar; varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kimliklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildiler.<\/p>\n
1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki h\u00e2kimiyetinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ile birlikte bask\u0131lara maruz kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1936-1939’da sanca\u011f\u0131n Hatay ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde Suriye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan T\u00fcrkmenlere ili\u015fkin hi\u00e7bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ya da anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, Suriye T\u00fcrkmenlerinin hukuki durumunu belirsizle\u015ftirdi. Bu belirsizlik Suriye y\u00f6netimlerinin T\u00fcrkmenlere kar\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na neden oldu. 1946 ve 1972 anayasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Suriye Arap vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak kabul edilen T\u00fcrkmenlere kimlikleri ile ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazete yay\u0131mlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131; hatta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmak bile yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n
1963’te ya\u015fanan darbeden sonra bask\u0131lar artarak devam etti. T\u00fcrkmenler herhangi bir sivil ya da yasal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme olu\u015fturamad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde bilhassa demir yumruklu Baas rejimince T\u00fcrkmenlere y\u00f6nelik ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir bask\u0131 ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Otoriter Baas rejiminin y\u0131llar boyunca ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkmenler \u00fczere kendi halk\u0131na uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 demir yumruklu politikalar, barut f\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n patlamas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f ve 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Arap Bahar\u0131 ad\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n Suriye\u2019ye de s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fanan protestolara Baas diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn verdi\u011fi ac\u0131mas\u0131z ve kanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n bir i\u00e7 sava\u015fa evrilmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bu i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 olumsuzluklardan b\u00fct\u00fcn gruplar gibi T\u00fcrkmenler de etkilenmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda i\u00e7 sava\u015f ortam\u0131 Suriye’deki\u00a0 baz\u0131 etnik gruplara kimliklerini ifade etme noktas\u0131nda bir f\u0131rsat da yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenler, Suriye devletinin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde ileride kurulacak y\u00f6netimde siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 korunan korunan ve temsil edilen bir topluluk\u00a0 olma ad\u0131na muhalifler saf\u0131nda yer alarak siyasi ve askeri yap\u0131lanmalara gitmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrkmenler, i\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde bu yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 platformlarda ve T\u00fcrkiye’de seslerini duyurabilmi\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelebilmi\u015flerdir. Bu ba\u011flamda uluslararas\u0131 bak\u0131mdan T\u00fcrkmenler, Esed rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan muhalif koalisyonda temsil edilmi\u015flerdir. Askeri yap\u0131lanmalarla da rejime kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f g\u00f6steren T\u00fcrkmenler, 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u00e7 sava\u015f boyunca ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00f6zverili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla 60 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n Suriye\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda at ko\u015fturan Esed hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devrilmesine m\u00fch\u00fcrlerini vurdular. Esed sonras\u0131 Suriye\u2019nin ordusunda \u00f6nemli atamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmen saha komutan\u0131 Fehim \u0130sa, savunma bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Suriye’nin kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinin askeri komutan\u0131 olarak atanan isim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Buzp\u0131nar, T. (2011). Filistin\u2019e yah\u00fbd\u00ee g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc meselesi (1878-1908), Devr-i Hamid, Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid, 5, Kayseri: Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Akar, Metin (1993), “FasArap\u00e7as\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinden Al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Kelimeler”, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi , 7 : 91\u2013 110<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7elik, M. (1993). Filistin, do\u011fu\u015ftan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130slam tarihi, \u0130stanbul: \u00c7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Darkot, B. (1988).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Dursun D. (1995). Ortado\u011fu neresi?, \u0130stanbul: \u0130nsan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bel\u00e2z\u00fcr\u00ee, F\u00fct\u00fbh (Fayda), s. 157, 165-167, 180, 188, 199, 201, 226, 277.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u2018k\u016bb\u00ee, Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019l-B\u00fcld\u00e2n, s. 325-330.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn Hurd\u00e2zbih, el-Mes\u00e2lik ve\u2019l-mem\u00e2lik, s. 77-78.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2b (Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fazl), t\u00fcr.yer.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn Havkal, \u1e62\u00fbret\u00fc\u2019l-ar\u017c, s. 173-174.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Kal\u00e2nis\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2bu D\u0131ma\u015f\u1e33 (Amedroz), bk. \u0130ndeks.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, T\u00e2r\u00ee\u1e2bu D\u0131ma\u015f\u1e33, bk. \u0130ndeks.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u00e2k\u016bt, Mu\u02bfcem\u00fc\u2019l-b\u00fcld\u00e2n, I, 147-149.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, el-K\u00e2mil, t\u00fcr.yer.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n El\u00e7ibey, E. (1980). 106-107; Philip K. Hitti, Siyasi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130slam Tarihi (\u00c7eviren: Salih Tu\u011f), \u0130stanbul 1980, III, 712.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Filistin, \u0130slam ansiklopedisi, 4. \u0130stanbul: Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi. Demirkent, I. (2002).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar d\u00f6nemi Kud\u00fcs, Diyanet \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, (26), 330-332, 334-335 Dolu, A. (2016).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Harman, \u00d6. F. (2002). Kud\u00fcs, \u0130stanbul: Diyanet \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, (26), 324- 325.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130bn\u00fb\u2019l-Esir, el-K\u00e2mil f\u00ee\u2019t-T\u00e2rih, C. VIII, s. 390; S\u0131bt \u0130bnu\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Mir\u2019\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019z-Zam\u00e2n F\u00ee T\u00e2ri\u00eehi\u2019l-\u00c2y\u00e2n\u2019da Sel\u00e7uklular, Se\u00e7me, Terc\u00fcme ve De\u011ferlendirme: Ali Sevim, Ankara: TTK, 2011, s. 195.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Karaman, M. L. (1996), Filistin, Diyanet \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, (13), 89-91,103,137-138,140.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Karak\u00f6se, H. (2018). Orta do\u011fuda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130ngiliz m\u00fccadelesi (1876-1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131), Ankara: Nobel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Kasalak ,K. (2016). \u0130ngilizlerin Filistin politikas\u0131 ve Filistin mandas\u0131, S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, 3(25), 66-67. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, R. (2017).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcney. A. T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Kanayan Yaras\u0131 Irak ve Suriye T\u00fcrkleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Zekeriya Kur\u015fun, \u201cOsmanl\u0131dan Amerika\u2019ya Tan\u0131mlanamayan \u00dclke Irak\u201d, Irak Dosyas\u0131I, Ali Ahmetbeyo\u011flu, Ali Cengiz, Yahya Ba\u015fkan, \u0130stanbul: Tatav Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2005, s. 1-37.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Er\u015fat H\u00fcrm\u00fczl\u00fc, Irak T\u00fcrkleri, \u0130stanbul: Irak T\u00fcrkleri K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s. 34.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bilal N. \u015eim\u015fir, T\u00fcrk-Irak \u0130li\u015fkilerinde T\u00fcrkmenler, Ankara: Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, 2004, s. 207-208.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n H\u00dcRM\u00dcZL\u00dc, Er\u015fat, , T\u00fcrkmenler ve Irak, Kerk\u00fck Vakf\u0131 yay., \u0130stanbul, 2003<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6ZMEN, Hasan, Irak ve T\u00fcrkmen Dosyas\u0131, T\u0130KV yay., Kas\u0131m, 2001.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n SAAT\u00c7\u0130, Suphi, Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Irak T\u00fcrkmenleri, \u00d6t\u00fcken yay., \u0130stanbul, 2003.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Aydemir, \u00d6. K. (2013). Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Kay\u0131p ve Metruk T\u00fcrkler: L\u00fcbnan T\u00fcrkleri. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Dergisi T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131, Y\u0131l: 9, S. 54 Winter. T\u00fcrkiye. s. 2319-2329.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Nadir \u00d6zkuyumcu, \u201cToluno\u011fullar\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 Ansiklopedisi, (\u0130stanbul: T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131, 2012), Cilt. 41<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Abdurrahman Mustafa, \u201cT\u00fcrkmenlerin Durumu\u201d, DA\u0130\u015e 3. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n De\u015fifresi, (Ed.: Bet\u00fcl Soysal Bozda\u011fan), (\u0130stanbul: Hayykitap, 2016), 163.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Nikolaos Van Dam, Suriye\u2019de \u0130ktidar M\u00fccadelesi, \u0130leti\u015fim Y., 2000, s. 44.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00ee k\u00f6klerini ele almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin b\u00f6lgeye ilk geli\u015fi, Emev\u00ee ve Abbas\u00ee d\u00f6nemlerinde asker\u00ee seferlerle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Sel\u00e7uklu, Meml\u00fbk ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde yo\u011fun g\u00f6\u00e7 ve iskan faaliyetleriyle devam etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":18896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3110],"class_list":["post-18888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/221"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18888"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18930,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18888\/revisions\/18930"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18888"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}