Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Mavera\u00fcnnehir\u2019e yap\u0131lan ak\u0131nlar sonucu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan getirilen binlerce askerin getirilmesiyle ba\u015flayarak Abbasiler d\u00f6neminde artarak devam eden iskan faaliyetlerine ek olarak IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde ilk kez bir T\u00fcrk devleti Toluno\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetinin tesis edilmesiyle ilk kez L\u00fcbnan\u2019da T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na denk gelinmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toluno\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra \u0130h\u015f\u00eed\u00eeler\u2019in id\u00e2resi alt\u0131na giren L\u00fcbnan, 969\u2019dan itibaren tedr\u00eec\u00ee olarak F\u00e2t\u0131m\u00eeler\u2019in h\u00e2kimiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ve istikrars\u0131z Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00e2kimiyeti (1078-1117) d\u00f6neminde yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 bin T\u00fcrk buraya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een-i Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin 1187\u2019deki Hitt\u00een zaferi ve ard\u0131ndan 1189\u2019da Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc fethinin ard\u0131ndan L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n sahil kesimi hari\u00e7 b\u00f6lge T\u00fcrk h\u00e2nedan\u0131 Eyy\u00fbb\u00eelerin elinde ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, L\u00fcbnan T\u00fcrk toplumunun \u00e7o\u011fu, Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgeye (Bekaa Vadisi) yerle\u015fenler ve Anadolu’dan L\u00fcbnan’a gelen Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fimcilerinin torunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri esnas\u0131nda Hristiyan ordular\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki L\u00fcbnan, Meml\u00fbk Sultan\u0131 Baybars ve Kalavun d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 muharebelerle kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Meml\u00fbklar, XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk a\u015firetlerini yerle\u015ftirdi. L\u00fcbnan, XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Meml\u00fbk h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n
12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kisrivan\u2019dan Trablus\u015fam\u2019a stratejik noktalarda daima T\u00fcrkmen aileleri bulunmu\u015ftur. Derken L\u00fcbnan, Meml\u00fckl\u00fc Berkuk Beyin eline ge\u00e7er. Beyrut\u2019un kuzeyi ise T\u00fcrkmen Assaf ailesine b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmenler iltizam yoluyla vergi toplar. Bu boylar aynen Meml\u00fbklar ve Osmanl\u0131lar gibi T\u00fcrk ve S\u00fcnni\u2019dirler.<\/p>\n
L\u00fcbnan, 1516\u2019da Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in Suriye-M\u0131s\u0131r seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girdi. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde hac yolunu korumak gayesiyle Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019a baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk a\u015firetleri yerle\u015ftirildi. Bu a\u015firetlerden daha az vergi al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bu a\u015firetler Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan resmen koruyup kolland\u0131. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar b\u00f6lge Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hakimiyetinde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
L\u00fcbnan, 1918 Ekim ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130tilaf kuvvetlerince i\u015fgal edildi. Ekim 1918\u2019den L\u00fcbnan bu tarihten itibaren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kas\u0131m 1943\u2019e kadar Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netiminde kald\u0131. Burada kalan T\u00fcrkler de kendi kaderine terkedildi.<\/p>\n
1989\u2019da L\u00fcbnan ordusunda askerlik g\u00f6revi y\u00fcr\u00fcten Kava\u015fra k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Halit Esad, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015furken subay\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fark edilip subay\u0131n Halit Esad\u2019\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi ile unutulan L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti makamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk kez bir ili\u015fki kurulmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nemin Beyrut B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi \u0130brahim Dicleli ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen Esad, Kava\u015fra k\u00f6y\u00fcnden bir T\u00fcrkmen oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Mavera\u00fcnnehir\u2019e yap\u0131lan ak\u0131nlar sonucu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan getirilen binlerce T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn iskan\u0131yla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, Abbasiler d\u00f6neminde de s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Devlet merkezinin Irak\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla Suriye ile birlikte ihmal edilen \u00dcrd\u00fcn, IX ve X. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Abb\u00e2s\u00eeler\u2019in zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Toluno\u011fullar\u0131 ve \u0130h\u015f\u00eed\u00eeler gibi mahall\u00ee h\u00e2nedanlar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru hareketi giderek h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7leri artm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, as\u0131l olarak bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin Sel\u00e7uklularla birlikte ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar ya\u015fan\u0131rken F\u00e2t\u0131m\u00ee n\u00fcfuzuna boyun e\u011fen \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e Kuzey Arabistan\u2019dan gelen Tay gibi kabileler yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kabilelerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli isyanlar\u0131 1029\u2019daki Ukhuv\u00e2ne sava\u015f\u0131nda bertaraf eden F\u00e2t\u0131m\u00ee y\u00f6netiminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, davet \u00fczerine yard\u0131mlar\u0131na gelen Sel\u00e7uklu Em\u00eeri Ats\u0131z bin Uvak\u2019\u0131n Filistin ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle sona erdi.<\/p>\n
XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019la Kahire ve \u015eam\u2019daki beylikler aras\u0131nda tampon b\u00f6lge niteli\u011findeydi. Kud\u00fcs Kral\u0131 I. Baudouin 1115\u2019te\u00a0 b\u00f6lgeyi egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de Suriye ile M\u0131s\u0131r ve Hicaz\u2019\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan kervan yolu \u00fczerindeki \u015eevbek ve Kerek kaleleri bu d\u00f6nemde Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli merkezlerindendi. Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een-i Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeyi fethinin ard\u0131ndan \u00dcrd\u00fcn Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler\u2019in y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n
1260 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Meml\u00fck h\u00e2kimiyetine giren \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kuzeyi \u015eam (Suriye) n\u00e2ib\u00fc\u2019s-saltanas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir idar\u00ee birim h\u00e2line geldi. \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Meml\u00fckler d\u00f6neminde Kerek, \u015eevbek, Acl\u00fbn ve Ezrak kaleleriyle b\u00f6lge savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktayd\u0131. Meml\u00fckler\u2019in XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zay\u0131flamas\u0131na paralel olarak \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de kabilelerin h\u00e2kimiyeti ba\u015flad\u0131. Kuzey \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de Acl\u00fbn b\u00f6lgesi Gazzev\u00ee ailesinin idaresine girdi, bu aile daha sonraki y\u0131llarda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu.<\/p>\n
\u00dcrd\u00fcn, Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in 1516\u2019daki M\u0131s\u0131r seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019a ge\u00e7ti. Gazzev\u00ee ailesi de bir Osmanl\u0131 sanca\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Acl\u00fbn\u2019da sancak beyi stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc elde etti. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda sancak diye kaydedilen Acl\u00fbn bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Havran\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kaza idi. Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde Maan ve Kerek de (Kerek-\u015eevbek) sancak \u015feklinde kaydedilmi\u015ftir. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda isyan edip L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131 egemenlikleri alt\u0131na alan Ma\u2018no\u011fullar\u0131 n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kuzeyindeki Acl\u00fbn\u2019a kadar yayd\u0131lar. \u015eam Beylerbeyi K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi tekrar Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine almas\u0131ndan sonra \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de Gazzev\u00ee ailesinin n\u00fcfuzu azald\u0131. XVIII ve XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kabilelerin bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de bedev\u00ee kabileleri isyan ederek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Buras\u0131 hac yolu \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir merkez oldu\u011fundan isyanlar Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle takip edildi ve bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki Vehh\u00e2b\u00eelik hareketi bu d\u00f6nemde \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc de etkiledi. 1809-1810 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip Suriye\u2019ye yakla\u015fan Vehh\u00e2b\u00ee gruplar\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan bertaraf edildi. Bu devirde \u00e7\u0131kan kabile isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu \u0130br\u00e2him Pa\u015fa bast\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130br\u00e2him Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 1841\u2019de b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kabilelerin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar daha da artt\u0131 ve demografik de\u011fi\u015fmelere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kuzeyine g\u00f6\u00e7ler oldu. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kuzey b\u00f6lgeleri \u015fehirle\u015fme ve n\u00fcfus a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterirken g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinde n\u00fcfus azald\u0131. 1864 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kuzeyi tekrar Suriye (\u015eam) vil\u00e2yetine ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00dcrd\u00fcn topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak 1860\u2019larda toplu bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Av\u015far T\u00fcrkmen a\u015fireti olarak bilinen O\u011fuz Boyuna mensup Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 ailenin, bug\u00fcn \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015fkenti Amman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Rumman k\u00f6y\u00fcne yerle\u015fti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik ayr\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1918\u2019de b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilip \u00dcrd\u00fcn Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte Rumman\u2019da kalan T\u00fcrkler bu b\u00f6lgenin esas unsuru h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Rumman\u2019da 1970\u2019lere kadar sadece T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekle birlikte, Rumman muhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 y\u0131l boyunca sadece T\u00fcrklerde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak daha sonra bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen Araplara ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019deki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna ili\u015fkin bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli nokta Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde hayata ge\u00e7irilen Hicaz Demiryolu Projesi\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk ailesi demiryolu projesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e gelmi\u015f, hatta projede \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak baz\u0131 ki\u015filer bu b\u00f6lgelerde askerlik yapan ki\u015filerden se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Hicaz Demiryolu Hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi ile birlikte, projede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 aileleri ile birlikte Hicaz Demiryolu\u2019nun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de bug\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin torunlar\u0131 olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 60.000 ki\u015filik bir halk kitlesi bulunmakla birlikte T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da Filistinli T\u00fcrkmenler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu T\u00fcrkmenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Selahattin Eyyubi ile birlikte bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Filistin topraklar\u0131na gelen T\u00fcrkmen atl\u0131lardan kalan aileler oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buna ek olarak, \u00dcrd\u00fcn’e yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00f6\u00e7 eden 8.262 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1400 y\u0131ldan fazla ve Anadolu\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da eski olan ve n\u00fcfus olarak da kalabal\u0131k olan T\u00fcrkmenlerin b\u00f6lgede salt etnik k\u00f6ken olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi yanl\u0131\u015f bir de\u011ferlendirme olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6lgedeki tarihin, birikimin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 ve tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla hem b\u00f6lge a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem de k\u00fcresel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcndeme gelmesi gereken etnik bir grup olan T\u00fcrkmenler, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da yok say\u0131lamayacak bir akt\u00f6r konumundad\u0131r.\u00a0 D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan medeniyetlerin kuruldu\u011fu co\u011frafyada g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye zaviyesinden ise T\u00fcrkmenler ile olan tarihi ba\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir gerekliliktir. Bu g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n ana omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak stratejilerden biri de \u015f\u00fcphesiz T\u00fcrkmenler ile kurulacak ba\u011flar\u0131n daha da kuvvetlenmesinden ge\u00e7mektedir. Bununla beraber T\u00fcrkmenler ile ilgili yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n, haberlerin daha da art\u0131r\u0131larak T\u00fcrk kamuoyunun g\u00fcndemini daha \u00e7ok me\u015fgul etmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan medeniyetlerin kuruldu\u011fu co\u011frafyada g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye zaviyesinden ise T\u00fcrkmenler ile olan tarihi ba\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir gerekliliktir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":18946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[407,2705,631,339,609,56,3128],"yoast_head":"\n