Tunus T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
1534\u2019te Barbaros taraf\u0131ndan fethedilerek Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetine giren Tunus, 1535 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015earlken taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra 1574\u2019e dek Hafsi Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1574\u2019te Ulu\u00e7 Ali Reis ile Sinan Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle birlikte Tunus\u2019ta 1881\u2019e kadar kesintisiz s\u00fcrecek olan Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1591\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbeyle birlikte y\u00f6netim day\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece Garp Ocaklar\u0131ndaki ilk yerel otorite tesisi Tunus\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1610-1637 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tunus day\u0131s\u0131 olan Yusuf Day\u0131, 1613\u2019te Korsika as\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fchtedi bir k\u00f6le olan Murad\u2019\u0131 bey olarak tayin etmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan kendisine beylerbeyilik ve pa\u015fal\u0131k unvan\u0131 verilmesiyle n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131ran Murad Bey eyaletin idaresini kendisi hayattayken o\u011fluna devredince Mur\u00e2d\u00eeler ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu. XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmran olan Mur\u00e2d\u00eelerden sonra beylik 1705\u2019ten itibaren Girit as\u0131ll\u0131 bir sipahi olan H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019in soyundan gelenlerin eline ge\u00e7ti. Ailelerin eyalet y\u00f6netiminde yetki sahibi olmas\u0131yla beylerbeyi tayininde aksamalar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul, iktidar\u0131 elinde tutan aile fertlerinin g\u00f6revlerini onaylamakla yetindi. Uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren beylerbeyi, day\u0131 ve vatan beyleri m\u00fccadelesinden sonra Vatan beyi (Em\u00eer\u00fc\u2019l-Evt\u00e2n) H\u00fcseyin Bey\u2019in day\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 1705\u2019te tamamen kald\u0131rmas\u0131yla birlikte kendisine \u0130stanbul\u2019dan beylerbeyilik \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 tevcih ettirdi.\u00a0 B\u00f6ylelikle Tunus vatan beylerinin h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015f oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde Tunus eyaletinde tek yetkili Tunus beyi oldu; hem day\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini hem de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ad\u0131na \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen beylerbeyilerin sorumlulu\u011funu tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n
1881 tarihine kadar Osmanl\u0131 vassal\u0131 olarak devam eden H\u00fcseyn\u00ee Hanedan\u0131 bu tarihten sonra Frans\u0131z vassal\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1957 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1957\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Tunus Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte beylik d\u00f6nemi de tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Zaman i\u00e7inde \u0130stanbul ile ileti\u015fimin azalmas\u0131yla Tunus, nispeten \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu sayede y\u00f6netim kademesinde kendilerine yer bulamayan Kulo\u011fullar\u0131 eyalet idaresine verdikleri destek sebebiyle \u00f6nemli kamu g\u00f6revleri \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Tunus\u2019taki \u0131slahat hareketleri de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ilerlemekteydi.<\/p>\n
Tunus T\u00fcrkleri, Tunus anayasas\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f az\u0131nl\u0131klardan biridir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklara g\u00f6re 500 bin ila 2 milyon aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. 2012\u2019de, Tunus\u2019taki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, e\u011fitim program\u0131na dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bile bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6nemli say\u0131da T\u00fcrk soylu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi Souq el-Trouk\u2019ta (T\u00fcrk \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131) iktisadi faaliyetlerine devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Tunus, Mehdiye, Hammamet ve Cerbe Adas\u0131\u2019nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Tunus\u2019taki Kulo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n Libya\u2019daki M\u0131srata \u015fehri gibi bask\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu \u015fehir Mehdiye\u2019dir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkenin kuzeyinde yer alan Hammam El Gezaz (Hammam Ghez\u00e8ze), Arap\u00e7ada \u201cO\u011fuz hamam\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir ve bu y\u00f6rede de yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde O\u011fuz k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrkler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Afrika’da yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500 T\u00fcrk ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Afrika’da Osmanl\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 az say\u0131da T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli ki\u015fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler, G\u00fcney Afrika’ya ilk olarak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. 1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Durban ve Johannesburg’a fahri konsolos g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.\u00a0 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131’dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u00f6zellikle Cape Town’da Osmanl\u0131 halifeli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nisan 1914’te Mehmet Remzi Bey, Johannesburg Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ba\u015fkonsolosu olarak atanm\u0131\u015f; 1916’da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve Johannesburg’daki Braamfontein mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 21 Kas\u0131m 2011’de kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Johannesburg’daki Nizamiye Camii’ndeki bir an\u0131t bah\u00e7esine nakledilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Cape Town’daki “Bo-Kaap” b\u00f6lgesi, Osmanl\u0131 izleri ta\u015f\u0131yan yerlerden biridir. 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u00f6m\u00fcrge G\u00fcney Afrika ile ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftu. 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cape Kolonisi’nde ya\u015fayan \u00f6nemli say\u0131daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Cape Malay toplulu\u011funun \u00fcyelerinin talebi \u00fczerine, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli Ebu Bekir Efendi’yi \u0130slam’\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek, vaaz etmek ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda din\u00ee meseleleri \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in Cape Town’a g\u00f6nderdi. Onun soyundan gelenler h\u00e2l\u00e2 G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
1980’li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda T\u00fcrkiye ve G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti baz\u0131 i\u015f anla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980’li ve 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk i\u015f adamlar\u0131 tekstil, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda enerji konular\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika’ya yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Afrika k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrkler veya Afro-T\u00fcrkler, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na Afrika’dan k\u00f6le olarak getirilen ya da kendi istekleriyle Anadolu’ya veya K\u0131br\u0131s’a gelerek yerle\u015fen ve k\u00f6kenlerini Afro-Abhazlar gibi Osmanl\u0131 k\u00f6le ticaretine dayand\u0131ran Afrika Zanj k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6le olarak getirilenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sonradan \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, kalanlar\u0131 Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015ferek tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6yler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Afro-T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun 5.000 ila 20.000 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Afro-T\u00fcrkler, Anadolu Ajans\u0131’na g\u00f6re 2017 itibar\u0131yla say\u0131lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon olan T\u00fcrkiye’deki Afrikal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Nijer, Suudi Arabistan, Libya, Kenya ve Sudan’dan Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131lar, genellikle Zanzibar \u00fczerinden Dalaman, Manavgat, \u00c7ukurova, Menderes ve Gediz ovas\u0131na getirilmi\u015fti. Baz\u0131 Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131lar ise 1923 T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Girit’ten gelmi\u015f, Ege b\u00f6lgesine, \u00e7o\u011funlukla da \u0130zmir’e yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ayval\u0131kl\u0131 Afrika k\u00f6kenliler Girit’ten gelen atalar\u0131n\u0131n Yunanca konu\u015ftu\u011funu, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019yi sonradan \u00f6\u011frendiklerini s\u00f6ylemektedirler.<\/p>\n
Kimi kaynaklarda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130zmir’in Sab\u0131rta\u015f\u0131, Dolapkuyu, Tama\u015fal\u0131k, \u0130ki\u00e7e\u015fmelik ve Ball\u0131kuyu gibi semtlerinde yoksul siyahi mahalleleri oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Manisa’n\u0131n Yarhasanlar Mahallesi’nde bir d\u00f6nem yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde siyahi n\u00fcfus oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Manisa ve \u0130zmir’de Afrikal\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fc bahar bayram\u0131n\u0131n, \u2018Dana Bayram\u0131\u2019 (Arap Bayram\u0131, Arap Kaba\u011f\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r) ad\u0131yla 1880’lerden 1920’lerin sonuna kadar kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcren kutlamalarda godyalar\u0131n (Afrikal\u0131 toplulu\u011fun ileri gelenleri) toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 parayla dana al\u0131n\u0131r ve May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc kurban edilirdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de bu kutlama sadece iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcrmekte ve art\u0131k kurban kesilmemektedir.<\/p>\n
Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131 T\u00fcrklerden ya\u015fl\u0131 ku\u015fak kendisini genelde “Arap” olarak tan\u0131mlarken kentte ya\u015fayan gen\u00e7 ku\u015fak ise “Afrika k\u00f6kenli” demeyi tercih etmektedir. Say\u0131lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 ila 20.000 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarihsel olarak, Siyah T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131 Zenci (di\u011fer dillerde alternatif olarak Zanji veya Zangi olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r ) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131; bu kelime Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, bir\u00e7ok Afro-T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn atalar\u0131n\u0131 takip etti\u011fi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Afrika’n\u0131n Hint Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki tarihi co\u011frafi Zanj b\u00f6lgesinin halk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7o\u011fu ise 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Hidivli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen Sudan’dan geldi. Baz\u0131 Afro-T\u00fcrkler atalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Libya, Tunus ve Cezayir gibi Osmanl\u0131 Kuzey Afrika’s\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flayarak, genellikle Zanj’in tarihi b\u00f6lgesindeki Zanzibar \u00fczerinden ve Nijer, Arabistan, Libya, Kenya ve Sudan gibi yerlerden gelen bir dizi Afrikal\u0131 [ 5 ] , Dalaman, Menderes ve Gediz vadileri, Manavgat ve \u00c7ukurova’ya yerle\u015ferek Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na geldi . Sab\u0131rta\u015f\u0131, Dolapkuyu, Tama\u015fal\u0131k, \u0130ki\u00e7e\u015fmelik ve Ball\u0131kuyu gibi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130zmir’inin Afrika mahalleleri \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kay\u0131tlarda belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131lar\u0131 1923’te Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesinin ard\u0131ndan Girit’ten geldi. Ege k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130zmir civar\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler. Ayval\u0131k’taki Afrikal\u0131lar, Girit’ten gelen atalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldiklerinde Yunanca konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frendiklerini beyan ediyorlar. Afrika k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine katk\u0131lar\u0131 Cihan Harbi ve \u0130stiklal sava\u015f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Vatan\u0131n asil evlatlar\u0131 olarak her sahada T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne hizmetleri olan Afro-T\u00fcrkler biraz da Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki gibi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 muamelelere maruz kalmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’de sinemadan m\u00fczi\u011fe, askeriyeden ticarete her sahada kendilerini g\u00f6sterebilmi\u015flerdir. 1960’lar\u0131n en nadide sinema sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan Zenciye \u015eirin, 1970lerin en iyi ses sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan Esmeray veya 1980lerin T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fpehlivan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Mustafa Y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi daha nice Afrika k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z, T\u00fcrk toplumuna her bak\u0131mdan ayak uydurmu\u015f ve ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sahalarda hizmet etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zmir’de ya\u015fayan Afro-T\u00fcrkler, 1960’lara kadar geleneksel bahar festivali Dana Bayram\u0131’n\u0131 (“Buza\u011f\u0131 Festivali”) kutlad\u0131lar. Dana Bayram\u0131 \u015fu anda gen\u00e7 nesil Afro-T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ege \u015fiveleri ve tarihteki yerleriyle art\u0131k Anadolu\u2019nun yerlileri olmu\u015f olan Afro-T\u00fcrklerin, Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki katk\u0131lar\u0131 ise T\u00fcrk tarihinin \u015ferefli sayfalar\u0131nda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphesiz Afro-T\u00fcrklerin Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda tam olarak ne kadar yek\u00fcn te\u015fkil ettiklerini bilmemize imk\u00e2n yoktur. Fakat Afrika k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan T\u00fcrk tarihine damga vurmu\u015f belli ba\u015fl\u0131 simalar\u0131n Cihan Harbi\u2019ndeki rollerini belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya koymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Mesela, Arap Ali o\u011flu, Arap Ahmet o\u011flu, Arap Hac\u0131 Ahmet o\u011flu, Arap H\u00fcseyin o\u011flu, Zenci S\u00fcleyman o\u011flu, Zenci Mesude o\u011flu ve daha nice Afrika k\u00f6kenli Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Cihan Harbi\u2019nde vatan m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u026a ar\u015fiv belgelerinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda herh\u00e2lde Pilot Ahmet Ali \u00c7elikten gelir. \u0130zmir do\u011fumlu olan Ahmet Ali \u00f6nce Bahriye Nezaretine ba\u011fl\u0131 Tayyare okulunda okumu\u015f ve Birinci Cihan Harbi\u2019nde Berlin\u2019de e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karde\u015fi Ali\u2019yi \u00c7anakkale Muharebesinde \u015fehit vermi\u015fti. Pilot Ahmet Ali \u00c7elikten\u2019in etkin faaliyetleri Cihan Harbi\u2019nden sonra Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda da devam etmi\u015ftir. Birinci Cihan Harbinde ba\u015fka bir kahraman Afro-T\u00fcrk cesaretiyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Er Zenci \u0130smail’dir. D\u00f6nemin gazetelerinde Zenci \u0130smail diye ge\u00e7en kahraman askerin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n elinden bir makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfe\u011fi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor edilmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrk ordusunda Zenci \u0130smail gibi bir\u00e7ok Afrika k\u00f6kenli asker bulunmaktayd\u0131. Resimlerde benzer bir\u00e7ok Afro-T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Cihan harbine kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ve kahramanca sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cihan Harbinde dikkat \u00e7eken bir ba\u015fka geli\u015fme ise Afrika’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen liderlerinden Sudanl\u0131 Zenci Musa veya Libyal\u0131 \u015eeyh Senusi’nin bizzat Cihan Harbi\u2019nde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti yan\u0131nda vazife alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Yine Darfur H\u00e2kimi Ali Dinar’\u0131n Cihat \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na uyup Sudan’da \u0130ngilizlerle girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fccadele bir\u00e7ok cephesiyle tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n belki Afro-T\u00fcrklerin en \u00f6nemli simas\u0131 Piyade Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Day\u0131 Mesut’tur. Day\u0131 Mesut \u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgalinde Karakol Cemiyeti ile hareket ederek Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131 ve uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 ile birlikte \u0130tilaf Devletleri i\u015fgallere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fctareke h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayanarak yap\u0131lan bu i\u015fgaller neticesinde Rum ve Ermeni \u00e7eteleri de d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir faaliyet i\u00e7erisine girerek T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. O tarihlerde baz\u0131 vatanperver askerler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Karakol Cemiyeti, \u00f6ncelikle Rum ve Ermeni \u00e7etelerinin T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcmlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f ve bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Karakol Cemiyeti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren bu te\u015fkilatta ayr\u0131ca Gebze m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda Afrika k\u00f6kenli bir kahraman Piyade Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Day\u0131 Mesut Bey (G\u00fcrb\u00fcz) bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle te\u015fkilat olarak Karakol Cemiyeti, d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya silah ve cephane sevk etmi\u015ftir. Yenibah\u00e7eli \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131na Orhan Veysel, Gebze\u2019ye Day\u0131 Mesut (G\u00fcrb\u00fcz), \u015eile\u2019ye Yusuf Ziya (\u015eahap), Kartal\u2019a \u0130hsan, Beykoz\u2019a Murat (Korsan) ve Kefken\u2019e de \u0130psiz Recep kumandan olmu\u015ftur. Menzil hatt\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u015fi ile birinci derecede Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019de inzibat zabiti olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Afrika k\u00f6kenli Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Day\u0131 Mesut ve Maltepe Endaht Mektebi\u2019nden Yavuz Fehmi Bey ilgilenmekteydi. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 25 ve 26 May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda Hendek ve D\u00fczce kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve 27 May\u0131s\u2019ta Bah\u00e7ecik\u2019e girilirken Day\u0131 Mesut da Kand\u0131ra\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve burayla irtibat\u0131 yeniden tesis etmi\u015fti. Durum giderek Kuvay\u0131 Milliye lehine d\u00f6nerken \u0130ngilizler\u2019in de Kuvay\u0131 \u0130nzibatiye\u2019ye inanc\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu kuvvetler aras\u0131ndan Kuvay\u0131 Milliye\u2019ye iltihaklar\u0131n artmas\u0131yla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kuvay\u0131 \u0130nzibatiye\u2019nin bir de top\u00e7u birli\u011fi bulunmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Hereke ve Gebze\u2019de Ermeni \u00e7eteler bulunmaktayd\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 Mill\u00ee Kuvvetler\u2019in da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda, ba\u015f\u0131na S\u00fcvari Kaymakam\u0131 At\u0131f Bey\u2019in getirildi\u011fi 24. F\u0131rka\u2019n\u0131n 70. Alay\u0131 Solaklar mevkine, 143. Alay Hasanpa\u015fa mevkine, G\u00f6kbayrak Milli Taburu Tepek\u00f6y mevkiine, Day\u0131 Mesut\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 kuvvetler A\u011fak\u00f6y mevkiine, M\u00fclaz\u0131m \u0130brahim Efendi komutas\u0131ndaki s\u00fcvari m\u00fcfrezesi Yar\u0131mca \u00fczerine, di\u011fer m\u00fcfrezeler Gebze ve Hereke\u2019ye taarruz edecek \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi. 14 Haziran sabah\u0131 Kuvay\u0131 \u0130nzibatiye birlikleri \u0130zmit- Sapanca yolu \u00fczerinden taarruz i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7tikleri s\u0131rada, Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n emriyle ayn\u0131 anda bask\u0131n \u015feklinde Kuvay\u0131 Milliye\u2019nin taarruzu ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Day\u0131 Mesut\u2019un hizmetleri son derece \u00f6nemli olsa da ne yaz\u0131k ki h\u00e2len etrafl\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli simas\u0131 Afro-T\u00fcrklerden Mavro Ali Osman Efe\u2019ydi. Bergama’n\u0131n Alibey’li k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Arap Ali Osman Efe, 12 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan \u00e7etesiyle Yunanl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda “Mavrolar” diye korku salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cesaretiyle tan\u0131nan Arap Ali Osman Efe \u0130zmir’in i\u015fgalinde milis kuvvetleriyle Yunan birliklerine bask\u0131nlar yap\u0131p onlar\u0131 pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu sebeple Yunan birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan arand\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta ba\u015f\u0131na 300.000 drahmi \u00f6d\u00fcl kondu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Kuvay-i Milliye karargah\u0131ndan kendilerine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 istenince Soma’ya giden Ali Efe, orada Bat\u0131 Anadolu’nun Yunan i\u015fgalinden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gizli toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi B\u00f6lcek k\u00f6y\u00fcne giderken k\u00f6yde Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Sar\u0131 Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 diye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan Giritli Rum askerlerle Yunanl\u0131lar pusuya yatm\u0131\u015f intikam almak i\u00e7in Mavrolar\u0131 bekliyorlard\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada Arap Ali Efe yaralanm\u0131\u015f iki askeri de \u015fehit olmu\u015ftu. Arap Ali Efe’nin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zanneden di\u011fer askerleri ise geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdi. A\u011f\u0131r yaralanan Ali Efe, s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek bir m\u0131s\u0131r tarlas\u0131na girmi\u015f, yaral\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde kendisini takip eden 3 Yunan askeriyle bir subay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arap Ali Efe, iyile\u015ftikten sonra 200 ki\u015filik bir kuvvet toplayarak Bal\u0131kesir’ deki Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Kemal Bey’in emrine girmi\u015fti. Kuva-y\u0131 Milliye ordusunda Yunanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi hizmetler, daha sonra da devam etti. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Gazilik madalyas\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclerek m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re, pusudan hemen \u00f6nce B\u00f6lcek k\u00f6y\u00fcnden yolda ihtiyar bir kad\u0131n\u0131n bu\u011fday \u00e7uval\u0131n\u0131 zorla ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Arap Ali Efe, ihtiyar kad\u0131n\u0131n haline ac\u0131y\u0131p \u201cAna, ben ta\u015f\u0131yay\u0131m\u201d demi\u015f, heybeyi al\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrken ileride kendisine pusu kuran Yunan devriyesinin tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kendini m\u0131s\u0131r tarlas\u0131na atan Ali Efe’nin kan\u0131na bulanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fdaylar toplan\u0131p ve ekilmi\u015f ama tarlan\u0131n o k\u00f6\u015fesinde boy veren bu\u011fdaylar di\u011ferlerinden daha bereketli ve renkleri k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Ali Efe\u2019nin kan\u0131yla boyanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fdaylar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan g\u00fcfte y\u0131llar sonra bestelenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bu\u011fday ayr\u0131lm\u0131yor kan\u0131ndan,<\/em><\/p>\n Can bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Ali Osman Efe’ nin can\u0131ndan,<\/em><\/p>\n Kur\u015fun girmi\u015f Efemin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan…<\/em><\/p>\n 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bergama’da \u00f6len Afro-T\u00fcrklerden \u0130stiklal Harbi Gazisi Arap Ali Osman Efe Bergama \u015fehir mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mezar ta\u015f\u0131nda korku nedir bilmez Alibeylili Osman Efe yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n KAYNAK:<\/p>\n Erdal Aksoy – Afro-T\u00fcrkler: Etnik K\u00f6ken ve Kimlik<\/p>\n Baba, A. (2020). Libya-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerinin tarihi ve bug\u00fcn\u00fc. Parlamento dergisi, 65, 42-49.<\/p>\n \u0130zmir\u2019de Ya\u015fayan Afro T\u00fcrkler : \u0130layda Vurucu, \u0130lhan \u00c7ami\u00e7i<\/p>\n \u0130. G\u00f6kalp ve F. Georgeon, Kemalizm ve \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131, \u0130st. 1990<\/p>\n Y\u00fccel Yi\u011fit & Ey\u00fcp \u015eahin – Emniyetin afro T\u00fcrk polisleri<\/p>\n Gilbert Sinou\u00e9, Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa: Son Firavun, \u00c7ev. Ali Cevat Akkoyunlu<\/p>\n \u0130lter, A. S. (1936).\u00a0 \u015eimali Afrika\u2019da T\u00fcrkler (Cilt 1) (p.107). Vakit Gazete-Matbaa.<\/p>\n Ekmeleddin \u0130hsano\u011flu-M\u0131s\u0131r’da T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miraslar\u0131<\/p>\n Halim Gen\u00e7o\u011flu, 2020, T\u00fcrk Ar\u015fiv Kaynaklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika, s.411, Ankara, SY. yay\u0131nevi<\/p>\n Kavas, A. (2001). Kuzey Afrika\u2019da bir Osmanl\u0131 nesli: Kulo\u011fullar\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 dergisi, xxi(2001). 31-68.<\/p>\n Kaya \u0130mrag-Osmanl\u0131 Libyas\u0131 – Do\u011fu Akdenizde T\u00fcrk Hakimiyeti<\/p>\n Eri\u015f, Ey\u00fcp. 2011. Kermeslerle Bergama Yak\u0131n Tarihi. Bergama, \u0130zmir: Bergama Belediyesi<\/p>\n Kolo\u011flu, O. (2011). Arap kaymakam. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n Ramazan \u015ee\u015fen, Salahaddin\u2019den Baybars\u2019a Eyyubiler-Memlukler (1193-1260), \u0130slam K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tarihini Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 (\u0130SAR) Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2007.<\/p>\n Libya – Binba\u015f\u0131 Abd\u00fclvahid<\/p>\n Koray, E. (1980). Libya tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk-Libya ili\u015fkileri (ss.117-135) i\u00e7inde. T\u00fcrk-Libya Dostluk Derne\u011fi.<\/p>\n Libya Ve Tarih Boyunca T\u00fcrk-Libya Dostlu\u011fu – Faiz T\u00fcrkkan<\/p>\n Y\u00fcksel, M. (2016). Osmanl\u0131 son d\u00f6neminde Trablusgarp vilayetinin sosyal ve ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131 (1872-1911). [Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi]. Hitit \u00dcniversitesi.<\/p>\n Orhan Kolo\u011flu, 500 Years in Turkish-Libyan Relations, Ankara 2007<\/p>\n Hamdunallah Mustafa Hasan, \u201cDongola\u201d, D\u0130A, Cilt: 9, 1994<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Afrika k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrkler veya Afro-T\u00fcrkler, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na Afrika’dan k\u00f6le olarak getirilen ya da kendi istekleriyle Anadolu’ya veya K\u0131br\u0131s’a gelerek yerle\u015fen ve k\u00f6kenlerini Afro-Abhazlar gibi Osmanl\u0131 k\u00f6le ticaretine dayand\u0131ran Afrika Zanj k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":19008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3110],"class_list":["post-19007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/221"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19007"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19009,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19007\/revisions\/19009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19007"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=19007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}