{"id":19134,"date":"2025-08-22T21:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T18:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=19134"},"modified":"2025-08-22T18:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T15:19:05","slug":"nukleer-enerjide-agir-suyun-onemi-ve-uretimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/nukleer-enerjide-agir-suyun-onemi-ve-uretimi\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fckleer Enerjide A\u011f\u0131r Suyun \u00d6nemi ve \u00dcretimi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131r su (D\u2082O), n\u00fckleer enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00e7ok \u00f6zel ve stratejik \u00f6neme sahip bir maddedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u011f\u0131r suyun ne oldu\u011fu, n\u00fckleer enerjideki i\u015flevi, \u00f6nemi ve \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>1. A\u011f\u0131r Su<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Kimyasal ad\u0131: D\u2082O (Deuterium Oxide \u2013 d\u00f6teryum oksit)<\/li>\n<li>Normal sudan fark\u0131: Normal su H\u2082O\u2019dur. A\u011f\u0131r suda ise hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine d\u00f6teryum izotopu bulunur.\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f6teryum: \u00c7ekirde\u011finde 1 proton + 1 n\u00f6tron bulunan hidrojen izotopu.<\/li>\n<li>Normal hidrojenin (protium) \u00e7ekirde\u011finde sadece bir proton vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131r su, normal suya k\u0131yasla daha yo\u011fundur (%10 daha a\u011f\u0131r) ve farkl\u0131 n\u00fckleer \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h2>2. N\u00fckleer Enerjide A\u011f\u0131r Suyun \u00d6nemi ve G\u00f6revi<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131r su, n\u00f6tron yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 (moderat\u00f6r) ve bazen so\u011futucu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>a) N\u00f6tron Yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 (Moderat\u00f6r)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6rev: N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerde, f\u00fczyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00f6tronlar\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Neden \u00f6nemli?\n<ul>\n<li>Uranyum-235 gibi yak\u0131tlar\u0131n f\u00fczyonu, yava\u015f (termal) n\u00f6tronlarla daha verimli olur.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su, n\u00f6tronlar\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131rken onlar\u0131 so\u011furmadan ge\u00e7irebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu sayede, do\u011fal uranyumla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan reakt\u00f6rlerde bile zincirleme reaksiyon s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>b) So\u011futucu Olarak Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Baz\u0131 reakt\u00f6rlerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin CANDU reakt\u00f6rleri) hem n\u00f6tron yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 hem de reakt\u00f6r \u00e7ekirde\u011fi so\u011futucusu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. A\u011f\u0131r Su Kullanan Reakt\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Reakt\u00f6r T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Yak\u0131t<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Moderat\u00f6r<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>\u00d6zellikleri<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">CANDU Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Do\u011fal uranyum<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">A\u011f\u0131r su<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">En yayg\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r su reakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/p>\n<p>(Kanada).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHWR<\/td>\n<td>Do\u011fal veya zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f<\/p>\n<p>uranyum<\/td>\n<td>A\u011f\u0131r su<\/td>\n<td>Hindistan&#8217;da yayg\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Pressurized Heavy<\/p>\n<p>Water Reactor (PHWR)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">D\u2082O ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Hem moderat\u00f6r hem so\u011futucu<\/p>\n<p>D\u2082O\u2019dur.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>4. A\u011f\u0131r Suyun \u00dcretimi<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a) \u0130zotop Ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Gerekir<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su do\u011fada \u00e7ok az bulunur (normal suda yakla\u015f\u0131k her 6500 hidrojen atomundan sadece biri d\u00f6teryumdur).<\/li>\n<li>Bu nedenle a\u011f\u0131r su elde etmek i\u00e7in <em>d\u00f6teryumu sudan ay\u0131rmak<\/em> gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>b) \u00dcretim Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hidrojen-S\u00fclf\u00fcr De\u011fi\u015fim S\u00fcreci (Girdler S\u00fcreci)\n<ul>\n<li>En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/li>\n<li>D\u2082O \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kimyasal izotop de\u011fi\u015fim tepkimesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Su buhar\u0131 ve hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tesis ve enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 gerektirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Elektroliz Y\u00f6ntemi\n<ul>\n<li>Suyun elektroliziyle hafif hidrojen gaz\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131r, d\u00f6teryum su i\u00e7inde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ok yava\u015f ve enerji yo\u011fundur, daha \u00e7ok laboratuvar \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde tercih edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Distilasyon (Dam\u0131tma)\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck farklarla kaynama noktas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak ay\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcz binlerce kez dam\u0131tma gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de end\u00fcstriyel \u00e7apta a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r suya sahip olmak, n\u00fckleer teknoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6nemdedir.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Stratejik \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi<\/em>, n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirme potansiyeli olan \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fal uranyumla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan reakt\u00f6rlerde zenginle\u015ftirme gerekmez \u2014 bu, n\u00fckleer silah programlar\u0131 i\u00e7in <em>gizli bir avantaj<\/em> sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Bu nedenle a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretim tesisleri uluslararas\u0131 denetim alt\u0131ndad\u0131r (UAEA taraf\u0131ndan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6zet Tablo<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"179\"><strong><em>\u00d6zellik<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"319\"><strong><em>A\u011f\u0131r Su (D\u2082O)<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Kimyasal Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">D\u2082O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerde n\u00f6tron yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Reakt\u00f6r T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">CANDU, PHWR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">\u00dcretim Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Girdler s\u00fcreci, elektroliz, dam\u0131tma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Avantaj\u0131<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">Do\u011fal uranyumla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, so\u011furma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Stratejik \u00d6nemi<\/td>\n<td width=\"319\">N\u00fckleer teknoloji ve silah i\u00e7in kritik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00fcnyada A\u011f\u0131r Su \u00dcreten Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00dclkeler ve CANDU Tipi Reakt\u00f6rlerin Avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da <em>d\u00fcnyada a\u011f\u0131r su (D\u2082O) \u00fcreten ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fclkeleri<\/em> ve <em>CANDU tipi reakt\u00f6rlerin avantajlar\u0131n\u0131<\/em> detayl\u0131 olarak her yerde bulabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00fcnyada A\u011f\u0131r Su \u00dcreten Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00dclkeler<\/h2>\n<p>1. Kanada<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00d6nc\u00fc ve lider \u00fclke.<\/li>\n<li>Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi CANDU reakt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>AECL (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretim tesisleri vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su ihracat\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Hindistan<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00fckleer silah sahibi ve zenginle\u015ftirme konusunda d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmak istemeyen \u00fclke.<\/li>\n<li>PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) tipinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da reakt\u00f6r i\u015fletmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimini 1960\u2019lardan beri yerli imk\u00e2nlarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Tamil Nadu ve Gujarat gibi eyaletlerde \u00fcretim tesisleri bulunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Norve\u00e7<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1940\u2019larda Vemork tesisinde a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi yapt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131 bu tesisten a\u011f\u0131r su almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (bu nedenle me\u015fhur \u201cTelemark Sabotaj\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ticari \u00fcretim yapm\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4. \u00c7in<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Artan n\u00fckleer program\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretim kapasitesini art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>CANDU reakt\u00f6r lisans\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve kendi PHWR sistemlerini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>5. Arjantin, Pakistan, Romanya, G\u00fcney Kore<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CANDU veya PHWR reakt\u00f6rleri kurduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kapasitede a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi yapan \u00fclkelerdir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zellikle Romanya ve Pakistan, bu sistemlere yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>CANDU Reakt\u00f6rlerinin Avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>CANDU: <em>Canadian Deuterium Uranium<\/em> (tam ad\u0131: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)<\/p>\n<p>a) Do\u011fal Uranyumla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fabilir<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CANDU, zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyuma ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu sayede \u00fclkeler zenginle\u015ftirme teknolojisine gerek duymadan elektrik \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n<li>Stratejik avantaj: N\u00fckleer silah \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan zenginle\u015ftirme teknolojisine ihtiya\u00e7 olmadan n\u00fckleer enerjiye eri\u015fim sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>b) Y\u00fcksek N\u00f6tron Ekonomisi<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su moderat\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00f6tron kayb\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bu durum reakt\u00f6r verimlili\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r ve yak\u0131t tasarrufu sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>c) Yak\u0131t Esnekli\u011fi<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do\u011fal uranyum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda:\n<ul>\n<li>Hafif\u00e7e zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyum<\/li>\n<li>MOX (karma oksit yak\u0131t \u2013 plutonyum\/uranyum kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>TORYUM tabanl\u0131 yak\u0131t<\/li>\n<li>Kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bu \u00e7oklu yak\u0131t se\u00e7ene\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi ve yak\u0131t \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan avantaj sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>d) \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Yak\u0131t De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reakt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken (\u00e7evrim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmadan) yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fimi yap\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fletme s\u00fcresini uzat\u0131r ve ekonomik verimlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>e) Yerli \u00dcretim \u0130mk\u00e2n\u0131<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kanada, Hindistan ve \u00c7in gibi \u00fclkeler CANDU teknolojisini lisanslayarak kendi n\u00fckleer altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>f) G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pasif g\u00fcvenlik sistemleri ve \u00e7oklu kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131 sayesinde y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00d6zet Tablo<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>\u00d6zellik<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>CANDU Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Su Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc (PWR)<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Yak\u0131t<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Do\u011fal uranyum<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">%3\u20135 zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Moderat\u00f6r<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">A\u011f\u0131r su (D\u2082O)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Hafif su (H\u2082O)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">So\u011futucu<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">A\u011f\u0131r su<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Hafif su<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Yak\u0131t De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i (reakt\u00f6r durmadan)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00c7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 (reakt\u00f6r durdurulmal\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Yak\u0131t esnekli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Y\u00fcksek (thoryum, MOX, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">N\u00f6tron ekonomisi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00c7ok iyi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Orta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve i\u015fletme maliyeti<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">G\u00f6rece daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>A\u011f\u0131r su<\/em>, CANDU tipi reakt\u00f6rlerin temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve bu reakt\u00f6rler \u00f6zellikle zenginle\u015ftirme kapasitesi olmayan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kanada&#8217;n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi CANDU sistemi, n\u00fckleer enerjiye daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi y\u00fcksek teknoloji, enerji ve g\u00fcvenlik gerektirir; bu nedenle stratejik olarak denetim alt\u0131nda tutulur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin A\u011f\u0131r Su \u00dcretme Kapasitesi, CANDU Tipi Reakt\u00f6rleri Kullanma Olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Toryum Bazl\u0131 CANDU Yak\u0131t Senaryolar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretme kapasitesi, CANDU tipi reakt\u00f6rleri kullanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toryum bazl\u0131 CANDU yak\u0131t senaryolar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirme a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131klar halinde detayland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin A\u011f\u0131r Su \u00dcretme Kapasitesi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Mevcut Durum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte a\u011f\u0131r su (D\u2082O) \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ne MTA (Maden Tetkik Arama) ne de Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerde a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretim tesisi kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>Laboratuvar d\u00fczeyinde izotop ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli kimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 (\u00f6rne\u011fin Girdler S\u00fcreci) ve altyap\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Altyap\u0131 Eksiklikleri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi y\u00fcksek teknoloji, b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji girdisi ve hassas m\u00fchendislik ister.<\/li>\n<li>Radyokimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde yeterince geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00fcretimi zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de CANDU Tipi Reakt\u00f6r Kullanma Olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u015eu anki N\u00fckleer Enerji Projeleri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Akkuyu N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santrali: Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Rosatom \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan kuruluyor. 4 adet VVER-1200 tipi bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su reakt\u00f6r\u00fc (PWR) kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<li>Sinop ve \u0130\u011fneada Projeleri: Hen\u00fcz CANDU ya da PHWR tipi reakt\u00f6r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore ve \u00c7in PWR\/HWR hibritlerini \u00f6nermi\u015fti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>CANDU&#8217;nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Uygunluk Gerek\u00e7eleri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyuma gerek duymamas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye gibi bu altyap\u0131ya sahip olmayan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in avantajd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Toryum potansiyeli olan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in CANDU, ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck esnek ve stratejik bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/li>\n<li>Yak\u0131t \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fimi gibi \u00f6zellikler, bak\u0131m maliyetlerini azaltabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zorluklar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi ve idamesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yok.<\/li>\n<li>CANDU sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek ilk yat\u0131r\u0131m, teknik uzmanl\u0131k ve yeni lisanslama s\u00fcre\u00e7leri gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>Kanada\u2019dan teknoloji transferi ve lisans deste\u011fi olmadan kurulumu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Toryum Bazl\u0131 CANDU Yak\u0131t Senaryosu (T\u00fcrkiye \u00d6zelinde)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Toryum Potansiyeli:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fcnya Toryum rezervlerinin %13\u2019\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dedir (yakla\u015f\u0131k 380 bin ton).<\/li>\n<li>Eski\u015fehir \u2013 Sivrihisar (K\u0131z\u0131lca\u00f6ren), Isparta \u2013 Aksu, Burdur \u2013 G\u00f6lhisar gibi b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fcksek toryum konsantrasyonu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toryumlu Yak\u0131t D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Toryum-232 do\u011frudan f\u00fczyon yapmaz, ancak reakt\u00f6r i\u00e7inde U-233 izotopuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve bu izotop fisil madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>CANDU reakt\u00f6rleri bu kendi kendini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilen d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Senaryo: T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in CANDU + Toryum Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>CANDU tipi reakt\u00f6rler kurulursa:\n<ul>\n<li>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta do\u011fal uranyumla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sonraki a\u015famalarda yak\u0131t \u00e7ubuklar\u0131na toryum katk\u0131l\u0131 MOX (Mixed Oxide Fuel) yerle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>U-233 \u00fcretimiyle yerli fisil kaynak devreye girer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 yak\u0131t d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve ulusal n\u00fckleer teknoloji geli\u015ftirme kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hindistan, kendi toryum rezervlerini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in PHWR ve CANDU t\u00fcrevi reakt\u00f6rlerle benzer bir strateji izlemektedir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, benzer bir modelle hem enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rabilir hem de n\u00fckleer silah d\u0131\u015f\u0131 stratejik cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k elde edebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Genel De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Ba\u015fl\u0131k<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Durum<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi<\/td>\n<td>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de end\u00fcstriyel tesis yok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CANDU teknolojisi<\/td>\n<td>Kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor, ancak uygun altyap\u0131 kurulursa m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Toryum potansiyeli<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc (%13), de\u011ferlendirilmemi\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>CANDU + Toryum ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gereken stratejik ad\u0131mlar<\/td>\n<td>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi, teknoloji transferi, n\u00fckleer AR-GE yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Sonu\u00e7 ve \u00d6neriler<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye, <em>n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde stratejik \u00f6zerklik<\/em> istiyorsa, CANDU tipi reakt\u00f6rleri uzun vadeli planda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6nce <em>a\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretim altyap\u0131s\u0131<\/em>, ard\u0131ndan <em>toryumlu yak\u0131t geli\u015ftirme laboratuvarlar\u0131<\/em> kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mevcut PWR teknolojisinin yan\u0131nda <em>bir \u201culusal n\u00fckleer ara\u015ft\u0131rma reakt\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d<\/em> olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir CANDU prototipi denenebilir.<\/li>\n<li><em>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuraca\u011f\u0131 n\u00fckleer santrallardan birisi muhakkak CANDU a\u011f\u0131r sulu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkeyi y\u00f6netenler bu \u00f6nerimi muhakkak dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u011f\u0131r su \u00fcretimi, n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirme potansiyeli olan \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011fal uranyumla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan reakt\u00f6rlerde zenginle\u015ftirme gerekmez \u2014 bu, n\u00fckleer silah programlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gizli bir avantaj sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":191,"featured_media":19145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3146,3163,3164],"coauthors":[2344],"class_list":["post-19134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-nukleer-enerji","tag-nukleer-santral","tag-radyasyon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/191"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19134"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19146,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19134\/revisions\/19146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19134"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=19134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}