{"id":1934,"date":"2018-04-23T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com?p=1934&preview=true&preview_id=1934"},"modified":"2019-03-21T21:37:26","modified_gmt":"2019-03-21T18:37:26","slug":"16-yuzyila-kadar-osmanli-deniz-gucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/16-yuzyila-kadar-osmanli-deniz-gucu\/","title":{"rendered":"16. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Osmanl\u0131 deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 , Kubbealt\u0131 Akademi Dergisi’nde Fatih Erba\u015f imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde bahriyenin temeli<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrklerin 1080’lere t\u00e2rihlenecek \u015fekilde denizcilikle, Anadolu’ya geldikten hemen sonra ilgilendiklerine d\u00e2ir hik\u00e2yeler s\u00f6z konusudur ancak ger\u00e7ek ve d\u00fczenli bir T\u00fcrk deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcnden bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmesini, hem Anadolu’da hem Rumeli’de topraklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131, Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na do\u011fru uzanmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek gerekecektir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, denizcilik ve T\u00fcrk ili\u015fkisinin en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmet d\u00f6nemidir. Ondan \u00f6nce \u00f6zellikle denize k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk beyliklerinin denizle birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ili\u015fkileri s\u00f6z konusudur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ilhak etti\u011fi T\u00fcrk beyliklerinin denizci tecr\u00fcbelerinden de yararlanarak kendi denizcili\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 deniz stratejisinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn iktis\u00e2d\u00ee ve tic\u00e2r\u00ee oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu iddiaya g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 p\u00e2di\u015fahlar\u0131 denizlerdeki ve karalardaki sil\u00e2hl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa’n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan Hindistan’a kadar uzanan tic\u00e2ret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu stratejinin F\u00e2tih ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Denizcili\u011fin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesinin bir zorunluluk oldu\u011funu \u015f\u00f6yle if\u00e2de etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; e\u011fer Ege ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ve devletin topraklar\u0131 deniz taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa denizle irtibat bir zorunluluktur. Bundan ba\u015fka olarak, Akdeniz’de var olan Venedik ve Cenevizlilerle ve de korsanlarla m\u00fcc\u00e2dele etmek, bir hay\u00e2t\u00ee zorunluluk olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan Hint Okyanusu ve K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz’de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Portekiz tehdidi devleti o b\u00f6lgede tedbir almaya zorlam\u0131\u015f, bunun net\u00eecesinde S\u00fcvey\u015f’te ters\u00e2ne kurulmu\u015f ve o b\u00f6lgedeki donanma unsurlar\u0131 S\u00fcvey\u015f ile M\u0131s\u0131r Kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla m\u00fcstakil bir yap\u0131da hizmet vermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte bu sebepler, Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n denizci ge\u00e7mi\u015finin ana gerek\u00e7elerindendir. Bu meyanda denizci ve kahraman bir neslin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da ayr\u0131 bir sayfa a\u00e7mak bir gerekliliktir.<\/p>\n

Donanma ve sefer<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kara ordusu ile donanman\u0131n hem alg\u0131s\u0131nda hem etkisinde hem de hareketinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Kara ordusu ancak bir harp var ise hareket eder. Bunun basit bir nedeni vard\u0131r; kara ordular\u0131 devletlerin egemen topraklar\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlar ve hareket etmeleri i\u00e7in ya ba\u015fka devletin egemen haklar\u0131n\u0131 ezmeleri gerekir veya i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmalar\u0131 gerekir. \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi durumunda dahi egemenli\u011fin zedelenmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Halbuki donanma \u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Donanman\u0131n kimseye \u00e2it olmayan alanlarda yer almas\u0131 veya hareket etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Nitekim Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 \u00f6nceleri senede iki defa sonralar\u0131 bir defa sefere \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir. \u0130lkbaharda sefere \u00e7\u0131kan donanma, sonbaharda geri d\u00f6nmektedir. Donanma sefere t\u00f6renle \u00e7\u0131kmakta, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de t\u00f6renle olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin deniz ve donanma ile olan ilgisindeki de\u011fi\u015fimi II. Beyaz\u0131t d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6t\u00fcren t\u00e2rih\u00e7iler oldu\u011fu gibi II. Mehmet zaman\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrenler de vard\u0131r. John B. Hattendorf’a g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n donanma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmet ile birlikte de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, 1453’e kadar denizlerde vur-ka\u00e7 taktikleri ile sava\u015fan T\u00fcrkler, \u0130stanbul’un fethinden sonra; adalar\u0131n \u00fcs olarak \u00f6nemini, kontrol noktalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve deniz ula\u015f\u0131m hatlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemini anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck gemileri, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck filolar\u0131, daha iyi koordinasyonu ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ber\u00e2berinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Do\u011fu Akdeniz deniz tic\u00e2retine h\u00e2kimdi. II. Bayezid zam\u00e2n\u0131nda buralarda deniz tic\u00e2retini y\u00f6netiyor, koruyor ve vergiye ba\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bu d\u00f6nemde M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Memluklularla h\u00e2kimiyet ad\u0131na on y\u0131l s\u00fcren (1481-91) bir sava\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1499’da da yine Do\u011fu Akdeniz’de Venediklilere kar\u015f\u0131 zafer elde edilmi\u015ftir. II. Bayezid d\u00f6nemi, bir yandan deniz h\u00e2kimiyetini geni\u015fletme, di\u011fer yandan da donanmay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctme d\u00f6nemi olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 donanmay\u0131 id\u00e2re etmi\u015ftir. Birincisi \u0130stanbul’daki donanma, ki bu donanman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ihtiv\u00e2 etmektedir. \u0130kincisi Adalar denizi ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz’deki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kad\u0131rgalardan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil donanma ve sonuncusu da Ma\u011frip \u00fclkelerinin \u0130stanbul\u2019a tabi yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z donanmalar\u0131… \u0130spanyollar\u0131n da bir daimi donanmalar\u0131 ve bir de kaptanlar\u0131n gemilerinden olu\u015fan ve harp zam\u00e2n\u0131 kat\u0131lan donanma s\u00f6z konusu idi. Hem Osmanl\u0131 hem de Habsburglar (\u0130spanya) denizde stratejik b\u00f6lgelerin \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015f devletlerdi. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zellikle K\u0101n\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman donanma ile kara ordusunun koordineli harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 ile ilk uygulayan komutanlardan olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n zirvesine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yedi deniz taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Karadeniz ve Marmara mutlak kontrol alt\u0131ndayd\u0131; Ege, Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz etkin olarak kontrol alt\u0131ndayd\u0131; \u0130ran K\u00f6rfezi ve Hint Okyanusu Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n m\u00fcc\u00e2delesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc denizlerdi. \u0130\u015fin ilgin\u00e7 taraf\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti zirve noktas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra Ege ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz’de tam h\u00e2kimiyet sa\u011flayabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Akdeniz h\u00e2kimiyetini Romal\u0131lar\u0131n kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde deniz tic\u00e2retinde rol almaya ba\u015flayan temel unsurlar Venedik, Ceneviz ve T\u00fcrkler olmu\u015ftur. 16’nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l Akdeniz’de b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkular\u0131 olan imparatorlar\u0131n m\u00fcc\u00e2dele etti\u011fi bir y\u00fczy\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Bir yanda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hem bat\u0131ya hem de do\u011fuya do\u011fru geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Yavuz Sultan Selim ve K\u0101n\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, di\u011fer yanda ise Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Akdeniz h\u00e2kimiyetinin de etkisi ile okyanuslarda, Afrika’da yeni hedefler belirleyen \u00f6nce \u0130spanyollar ve Portekizliler; sonra Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere, onlardan hemen \u00f6nce de Hollanda… Bu arada Vatikan’\u0131 da ayr\u0131 bir kuvvet \u00e7arpan\u0131 olarak hes\u00e2ba katmak gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki Vatikan gerekti\u011finde Hristiyanlar\u0131 bir hedefe do\u011frultma kapasitesine s\u00e2hiptir.<\/p>\n

K\u0101n\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman’a ayr\u0131 bir paragraf a\u00e7mak bir zorunluluktur. Donanmay\u0131 bir diplomasi arac\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ve T\u00fcrk olmakla birlikte ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket eden Barbaros karde\u015fler ve onlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmi\u015f denizcilerini Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n emrine almay\u0131 ba\u015farmak s\u00fbretiyle devletinin deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir anda kat be kat art\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015f bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan K\u0101n\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman \u00f6zel \u00f6nemi h\u00e2izdir.<\/p>\n

16’nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin denizlerde ve karalarda en \u00fcst seviyeye geldi\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdir. 1538 Preveze, 1560 Cerbe ve 1570 K\u0131br\u0131s Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n zirveleridir. 1564 Malta yalpalama, 1571 \u0130nebaht\u0131 ise yere d\u00fc\u015fmedir. Muh\u00e2s\u0131mlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n da yenilebilece\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n kaybedilmesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr sebepleri aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n karac\u0131 komutanlara (Pertev Pa\u015fa, Muezzinz\u00e2de Ali Pa\u015fa) em\u00e2net edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bulunsa da tek sebep bu de\u011fildi, ku\u015fkusuz. Donanman\u0131n devaml\u0131 seferlerden yorgun d\u00fc\u015fmesi, muh\u00e2s\u0131mlar\u0131n yenme arzusu, e\u011fitimli personelde meydana gelen azalma gibi ba\u015fka ge\u00e7erli sebepler de mevcuttu. Her ne kadar \u0130nebaht\u0131 olumsuz anlamda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ise de ondan neredeyse y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra dahi Osmanl\u0131 denizcileri yeni aray\u0131\u015flar pe\u015findedirler. Atlas Okyanusu’nda korsanl\u0131k fa\u00e2liyetleri, \u0130rlanda’da bir b\u00f6lgenin (Londi Adas\u0131) i\u015fgali, Danimarka ve \u0130zlanda s\u00e2hillerinin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 bu t\u00fcrden \u00f6rneklerdir. Bu t\u00fcrden mevzi\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131lar s\u00fcrekli olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunda en b\u00fcy\u00fck neden Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n o g\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131 say\u0131labilecek b\u00f6lgeye ve onun tic\u00e2retine h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyi bulan ve muh\u00e2s\u0131mlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fazla rahats\u0131z edilmeyen (ki muh\u00e2s\u0131mlar o d\u00f6nemde yeni yerler ke\u015ffetmekte ve Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tic\u00e2ret kaynaklar\u0131 bulmak derdindedir.) Osmanl\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan ordular\u0131 ile birlikte hareket etmekten vazge\u00e7en sultanlar\u0131n id\u00e2resi d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015f ve bu durum denizlerde gerilemenin de temel sebeplerinden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti denizci mi idi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin denizci bir devlet olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hep tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir. ABD’li t\u00e2rih\u00e7i Palmira Brummet \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Deniz G\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d isimli eserinde if\u00e2de etmektedir ki Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, iktis\u00e2d\u00ee menfaatlerle hareket eden t\u00fcccar bir devletti. Tic\u00e2reti; ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan varaca\u011f\u0131 yere kadar kontrol edecek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcne s\u00e2hip olmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015f ve bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00e2yede de Do\u011fu Akdeniz’in Yavuz Selim zam\u00e2n\u0131ndan \u00eetib\u00e2ren kontrol\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Brummet’a g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni b\u00fcy\u00fck bir denizci g\u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli sebeplerden biri de biz\u00e2tihi devlet y\u00f6neticilerinin deniz tic\u00e2reti yapmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Deniz harplerinin nedenlerinden biri olarak asl\u0131nda devlet y\u00f6neticilerinin kendi tic\u00e2r\u00ee menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, her ne kadar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin y\u00fcce ama\u00e7lar de\u011fil, bir tak\u0131m menfaatler pe\u015finde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olsa da devletin deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcne \u00f6nem verdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Burada \u00e2\u015fik\u00e2r olan bir durum vard\u0131r ki Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcne en az\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6nem, \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. S\u00e2dece sebeplerinin ne oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ve deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir donanma ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri s\u00e2hip oldu\u011fu topraklar\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda tutabilme gereklili\u011fidir. Avrupa’n\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00e2faas\u0131 Akdeniz’den, M\u0131s\u0131r ve civ\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00e2faas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz’den ve hatta Basra’dan ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. Bunun gereklerini yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bahriye ve onu id\u00e2re edecek bir te\u015fk\u00eel\u00e2ta ihtiya\u00e7 bulunmakta idi. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti bu ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve te\u015fk\u00eel\u00e2tlanmas\u0131n\u0131 buna g\u00f6re geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Alt yap\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f (ters\u00e2neler vs), gemiler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, haz\u0131r g\u00fc\u00e7ler (Barbaros gibi) b\u00fcnyeye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fbirli\u011fine (Fransa ile oldu\u011fu gibi) gidilmi\u015f ve gereken fetih hamleleri yerine getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Zeki Ar\u0131kan, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Fransa ile i\u015fbirli\u011fini ittifak olarak tan\u0131mlamaz. Sadece XVI’nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Fransa’n\u0131n \u0130spanya- Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcd\u00e2faas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olu\u015fturulan i\u015fbirli\u011fini ittifak olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bilindi\u011fi gibi Barbaros ve leventleri bir k\u0131\u015f boyunca Fransa’da, Toulon’da ve Nice’de a\u011f\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n denizlerde ve karalardaki \u015fa\u015faal\u0131 d\u00f6nemi, yine g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zirvede oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda sona ermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gerilemenin habercisi P\u00eer\u00ee Reis\u2019in Hint Okyanusu\u2019nda Portekizliler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1554), i\u015f\u00e2ret fi\u015fe\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Malta ku\u015fatmas\u0131 (1565) olmu\u015f, gerilemenin m\u00fchr\u00fc ise \u0130nebaht\u0131 yenilgisiyle (1571) vurulmu\u015ftur. Bundan sonra Osmanl\u0131 mevzi\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmi\u015f olsa da gerilemeyi \u00f6nleyememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

* Bu yaz\u0131 ve yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer t\u00fcm yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 M\u0130SAK’ta yay\u0131nlama hakk\u0131 veren Kubbealt\u0131 Akademi Dergisi’ne te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1080’lere kadar uzanan T\u00fcrk denizcili\u011fi, Fatih Sultan Mehmed ile y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve zirve d\u00f6nemlerini Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131, denizci bir devlet miydi ve ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir donanmaya ihtiyac\u0131 var m\u0131yd\u0131? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,69],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n16. 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