\u0130ran\u2019da son protestolar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma, t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n derinle\u015fmesinin temel nedeni, \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililerin bug\u00fcne kadar net, kapsaml\u0131 ve do\u011frulanabilir bir resm\u00ee bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan sistematik bi\u00e7imde ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc, uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunda s\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilen 12 bin \u00f6l\u00fc rakam\u0131n\u0131n \u201cdo\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ifade etmi\u015f, ancak bu a\u00e7\u0131klama herhangi bir alternatif resmi say\u0131 ile desteklenmemi\u015ftir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, belirsizli\u011fi gidermek yerine \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin sis perdesini daha da kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo, bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bi\u00e7imde k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, internetin uzun s\u00fcreli olarak kesildi\u011fi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazetecilik faaliyetlerinin fiilen imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale geldi\u011fi bir ortamda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahminler son derece geni\u015f bir aral\u0131\u011fa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131 kaynaklar; veri toplama y\u00f6ntemleri, sahaya eri\u015fim d\u00fczeyleri ve \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlama bi\u00e7imlerindeki metodolojik farklar nedeniyle birbirinden ciddi bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131\u015fan rakamlar a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu belirsizlik, \u0130ran\u2019da uygulanan sistematik bilgi karartmas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Yetkililer ya\u015fananlar\u0131 tek merkezli bir resmi anlat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bu anlat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan bilgi kanallar\u0131 bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde susturulmaktad\u0131r.
\nReformcu \u00e7izgisiyle bilinen Hammihan gazetesinin, protestolara ili\u015fkin tarafs\u0131z ve kapsaml\u0131 bir rapor haz\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, rejimin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirmeleri ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehdit olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr m\u00fcdahaleler, yaln\u0131zca anl\u0131k bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, protestolar\u0131n uzun vadeli siyasal ve toplumsal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da engellemeye y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131, genellikle daha geni\u015f bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izerek y\u00fcksek say\u0131lar telaffuz etmektedir.
\nCBS News, protestocular\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden di\u011fer kesimleri de kapsayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrmekte; bu rakam bug\u00fcne kadar dile getirilen en y\u00fcksek tahminlerden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
The Sunday Times ise doktorlara, hastane kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ve rejim i\u00e7i kaynaklara dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberlerinde \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 16.500\u201318.000 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vermekte; buna ek olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 330 bin yaral\u0131 bulundu\u011funu iddia etmektedir. Bu veriler, bast\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin toplumsal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 daha temkinli bir y\u00f6ntem izlemekte, ancak zaman i\u00e7inde yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc revize edilen rakamlar payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), toplam 13.078 \u00f6l\u00fcm kayda ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n 4.029\u2019u do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f, 9.049\u2019u ise h\u00e2len inceleme alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. HRANA, \u00f6nceki raporlar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3.000\u2019in biraz \u00fczerinde bir d\u00fczeyden ba\u015flayarak kademeli bi\u00e7imde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tutuklu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 24.000\u2019i a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Norve\u00e7 merkezli Iran Human Rights (IHR) ise yaln\u0131zca do\u011frulanabilen vakalar\u0131 esas alarak en az 3.428 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teyit etmi\u015f, ancak bu say\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u201casgari\u201d d\u00fczeyi yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f protestolarda da benzer bi\u00e7imde ilk a\u00e7\u0131klanan rakamlar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckseldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 merkezli muhalif yay\u0131n organlar\u0131ndan Iran International, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fcrokrasisi i\u00e7indeki kaynaklara dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberlerinde en az 12.000 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini bildirmektedir. Kanal, baz\u0131 dosya ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n bu say\u0131n\u0131n 16.500\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fine i\u015faret etti\u011fini de aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu tart\u0131\u015fmada kritik bir e\u015fik, rejimin en \u00fcst d\u00fczey temsilcilerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil ile a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Y\u00fcce Lideri Ali Hamaney, ilk kez resmi bir konu\u015fmada \u201cbirka\u00e7 bin ki\u015finin\u201d hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini kabul etmi\u015f; ancak \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden \u201cfitneci unsurlar\u0131\u201d sorumlu tutarak ABD ve \u0130srail\u2019i su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sorumlulu\u011fun d\u0131\u015fsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu ifade devletin zirvesinden gelen dolayl\u0131 bir kitlesel can kayb\u0131 teyidi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Bak\u0131r Kalibaf da \u201cbinlerce ki\u015fi\u201d ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015f, protestolar\u0131 \u201cisyan\u201d ve \u201cfitne\u201d olarak nitelendirerek y\u00fcksek kay\u0131plar\u0131 dolayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kabul eden bir s\u00f6ylem kurmu\u015ftur.
\nAyr\u0131ca Reuters\u2019a konu\u015fan bir \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkili, resmi incelemelere dayanarak son protestolarda en az 5.000 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini, bunlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 500\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri mensubu oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama, kamuoyuna yans\u0131yan en somut rejim i\u00e7i rakamlardan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Rakamlar aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar; uzun s\u00fcreli internet kesintileri, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z do\u011frulaman\u0131n neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelmesi, hastane ve morg kay\u0131tlar\u0131na eri\u015fimin engellenmesi ve kaynaklar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 metodolojilerle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir.
\nResmi makamlar genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck say\u0131larla yetinmekte ya da \u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u201cter\u00f6rist faaliyetler\u201d ve \u201cyabanc\u0131 provokasyonlar\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesine oturtmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k muhalif \u00e7evreler ve insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, sahadan gelen tan\u0131kl\u0131klara ve dolayl\u0131 kan\u0131tlara dayanarak \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek rakamlar rapor etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 unsur, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca muhalif ya da d\u0131\u015f kaynakl\u0131 iddialarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamas\u0131; bizzat rejimin en \u00fcst d\u00fczey temsilcilerinin dahi \u201cbinlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d kabul etmek zorunda kalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kabul, \u0130ran\u2019daki protestolar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcnferit olaylar zinciri de\u011fil, tarihsel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte kitlesel bir can kayb\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan yap\u0131sal bir \u015fiddet s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kritik bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla, binlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi art\u0131k rejim muhaliflerinin iddias\u0131 ya da propaganda unsuru olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, fiili ve siyasal olarak kabul edilen bir ger\u00e7eklik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelinen a\u015famada tart\u0131\u015fma, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ekseninden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; esas olarak ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi sorusu etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamuoyuna yans\u0131yan rakamlar incelendi\u011finde, farkl\u0131 kaynaklar aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmakla birlikte, genel e\u011filimin s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckselen bir say\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n normalle\u015fmesi, internet k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z soru\u015fturma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi h\u00e2linde, bug\u00fcn telaffuz edilen rakamlar\u0131n daha da yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc revize edilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ihtimal olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Bu durum, \u0130ran\u2019daki protestolar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca mevcut d\u00f6neme de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin siyasal tarihine damga vuracak \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir k\u0131r\u0131lma an\u0131 olarak kayda ge\u00e7ece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo, bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bi\u00e7imde k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, internetin uzun s\u00fcreli olarak kesildi\u011fi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gazetecilik faaliyetlerinin fiilen imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale geldi\u011fi bir ortamda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":19579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2836,630,3308,3306,735,3290,2628,3018,983],"coauthors":[40],"class_list":["post-19512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-basin","tag-iran","tag-katliam","tag-molla-rejimi","tag-muhalefet","tag-protesto","tag-rejim","tag-sam","tag-seriat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19512"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19581,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19512\/revisions\/19581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19512"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=19512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}