{"id":1960,"date":"2018-05-05T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-05T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com?p=1960&preview=true&preview_id=1960"},"modified":"2018-05-05T19:39:42","modified_gmt":"2018-05-05T16:39:42","slug":"evrim-teorisi-ne-haldadir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/evrim-teorisi-ne-haldadir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cEvrim Teorisi\u201d ne haldad\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Prof. Dr. \u0130skender \u00d6ks\u00fcz\u2019\u00fcn yeni \u00e7\u0131kan
\n<\/em>\u201cBilim, Din ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131’da ne oldu?<\/h3>\n

Peki, Bat\u0131\u2019da ne oldu ki art\u0131k evrim bilimin ayr\u0131lmaz ve temel par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri say\u0131l\u0131yor ve yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz mahkeme ve \u201cmaymun sizin neyiniz olur?<\/em>\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 art\u0131k ya\u015fanm\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7i her konunun u\u00e7uklar\u0131, mesela d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fcz oldu\u011funun veya aram\u0131zda uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n gezindi\u011finin savunucular\u0131 gibi evrim aleyhtarlar\u0131 da her yerde var. Fakat evrim konusunda cidd\u00ee tart\u0131\u015fma art\u0131k yok ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde evrim, bilim m\u00fcfredat\u0131n\u0131n olmazsa olmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r? \u00d6yle ki evrim teorisi olmadan biyoloji veya t\u0131p yapamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Modern ziraat ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlayamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bat\u0131da din ad\u0131na evrime sald\u0131ranlar dikkate al\u0131nmayacak kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k. Bilime dayanarak dine cephe alanlar ise artt\u0131. Fakat bu da tek ses de\u011fil. Militan ateist Dawkins\u00a0\u2018Tanr<\/em>\u0131 Yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 yazarken, \u0130nsan Genom Projesi\u2019nin direkt\u00f6r\u00fc, Tanr\u0131\u2019ya ve \u0130ncil\u2019e inanc\u0131 tam olan Francis S. Collins, \u201cTanr<\/em>\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Lisan\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu. Collins, genler i\u00e7in \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015eifres<\/em>i\u201d der. Fakat Dawkins de, Collins de bu yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla bilim yapt\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131nda de\u011fillerdir. Olmasalar iyi olur…<\/p>\n

Bilim ve din… Birincisi \u015f\u00fcpheyi, ikincisi iman\u0131 emrediyor. Biz iki arada ne yapaca\u011f\u0131z? 18 ve 19. as\u0131rlarda Avrupa\u2019da bir ak\u0131m, dinin sonunun geldi\u011fini il\u00e2n etti. Dinin yerine bilim konmal\u0131yd\u0131. O tarihlerde de buna sar\u0131lanlar da oldu. Dinin yerine bilim konam\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimde de\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yok. \u201c\u0130yi, do\u011fru ve g\u00fczel<\/em>\u201di bize bilim s\u00f6ylemez. Bilim, atomu nas\u0131l par\u00e7alayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, klor gaz\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l elde edece\u011fimizi g\u00f6sterir ama bu bilgiyle insanlar\u0131 tedavi mi edece\u011fiz, sulardaki mikroplar\u0131 m\u0131 muhalif insanlar\u0131 m\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fiz; burada susar. De\u011ferlerimiz insan\u0131n tabiat\u0131ndan- f\u0131trat\u0131ndan ve bir\u00e7o\u011fumuz i\u00e7in dinden gelir. Yukar\u0131daki \u201cbiz iki arada ne yapaca<\/em>\u011f\u0131z?\u201d<\/em> sorusuna \u00e7ok insan do\u011fru cevab\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Evrim uzman\u0131 Stephen Jay Gould\u2019un, bu kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u201cBilim nedir?<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc tekrarlayay\u0131m: \u201cAlanlar ayr<\/em>\u0131d\u0131r!\u201d<\/em> Gould buna birbirine tecav\u00fcz etmeyen, birbirinin i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7meyen \u2018magisteria\u2019 diyor…<\/p>\n

Magisteria, daha \u00f6nce Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin \u00f6\u011fretim otoritesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terim. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u0130ngilizcesindeki harflerden NOMA\u00a0(Non Overlapping Magisteria) diye k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r. Gould, bilimin \u00f6\u011fretisi ile dinin \u00f6\u011fretisi, birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131, birbiriyle yo\u011fun ileti\u015fim i\u00e7inde bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r diyor. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n saadeti i\u00e7in her ikisi de gereklidir. Tabi, burada bilim metodu da din de taraf de\u011fildir. Kavga \u00e7\u0131kacaksa, yine Gould\u2019un anlat\u0131m\u0131yla, \u201cki<\/em>\u015fisel ateizmlerini savunmak i\u00e7in karikat\u00fcrize ettikleri bir dinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na her derde deva bir bilim \u00e7\u0131karanlarla\u201d<\/em>, \u201ckreasyonistler<\/em> gibi, bilimin baz<\/em>\u0131 bulgular\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olanlar\u201d<\/em> aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Dinle bilim aras\u0131nda de\u011fil; problemli ideolojiler aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Ana hatlar\u0131yla bu anlay\u0131\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla da \u00e7eli\u015fmez. Kur\u2019an\u2019a g\u00f6re tabiattaki her \u015fey birer delil, birer \u201cayet\u201dtir. Bir m\u00fcmin, tabiattaki muazzam yap\u0131lara, insan akl\u0131n\u0131n kavramakta zorluk \u00e7ekti\u011fi kanunlara ve bu arada evrime de bak\u0131p bunlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hikmetine i\u015faretler olarak de\u011ferlendirebilir. Fakat bu noktay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p fizik veya biyoloji teorilerinin detay\u0131na girme\u011fe gerek yoktur. O teoriler ya yar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flan\u0131rsa\u2026 Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce haberlerde, bir papaz\u0131n, \u201cak<\/em>\u0131ll\u0131 tasar\u0131m<\/em>\u201d denilen ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n tek tek fakat bir ak\u0131l taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden Hristiyan teorisini neden kabul etmedi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda, \u201cya yar<\/em>\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flan\u0131rsa; cemaatimden bu iddiayla ikna ettiklerime ne s\u00f6ylerim?<\/em>\u201d dedi\u011fini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. (Bunu s\u00f6yleyen Vatikan\u00a0Rasathanesi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki rahip Coyne muydu acaba?)<\/p>\n

\u0130mdada NOMA\u00a0yeti\u015fir!<\/h3>\n

Papa \u00f6yle, Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim\u00a0ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015f\u2026 Peki, ey yazar, sen ne diyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce La Edr\u00ee Hazretleri[1]<\/a>\u2019nin (!) \u015fu m\u0131sra\u0131n\u0131 diyorum:<\/p>\n

Her ilim makbul imi\u015f, ill\u00e2 edep, illa edep!<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bahis a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanlar birbirlerine, k\u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcn bini bir para, sald\u0131r\u0131yor. Sonra benim de \u2014herhalde buraya kadar belli olmu\u015ftur\u2014 m\u00fcteveffa evrim biyolo\u011fu ve edip Stephen Jay Gould\u2019un NOMA\u00a0anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda durdu\u011fumu s\u00f6yleyeyim. NOMA\u2019y\u0131 son olarak \u00f6zetleyeyim: Din ve bilimin alanlar<\/em>\u0131, bir biriyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmez. Metotlar\u0131 da maksatlar\u0131 da tamamen ayr\u0131d\u0131r. Bilime dayanarak din hakk\u0131nda yorum yapmak da dine dayanarak bilim hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm vermek de yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ya, din ne kadar imana dayan\u0131rsa, bilim de o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendi iddialar\u0131ndan, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinden \u015f\u00fcphe etmeye dayan\u0131r. Bilim felsefesi yapanlar bir zamanlar bilimin ispata dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerlerdi. \u0130spatlanabilen \u015feyler bilimin sahas\u0131na giriyor, ispatlanamayanlar girmiyordu. Peki, ispat nas\u0131l yap\u0131lacakt\u0131? Bilim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Karl Popper\u00a0t\u00fcmevar\u0131mla ispat\u0131n yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. \u201cKu<\/em>\u011fular beyaz olur<\/em>\u201d iddias\u0131n\u0131, on, y\u00fcz, bin, on bin beyaz ku\u011fu g\u00f6stererek ispat etmi\u015f say\u0131lmazd\u0131n\u0131z; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir milyon ku\u011fu sonra bir siyah ku\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve bu da sizin iddian\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmeye yeterdi. Nitekim bilimin sars\u0131lmaz zannedilen kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n bir istisnayla \u015f\u00fcpheli h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi, istisnalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131yla nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in Thomas Kuhn\u2019un, \u201cBilim Devrimlerinin Yap<\/em>\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201dna bir g\u00f6z atmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bilim ispatlanabilirle de\u011fil yanl\u0131\u015flanabilirle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r<\/h3>\n

Peki, ispatlanabilirlik kriteri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazsa bilimin sahas\u0131 nas\u0131l tarif edilecek? Popper\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten d\u00e2hicedir: Bilim yanl<\/em>\u0131\u015flanabilir iddialarla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r!<\/em> Bu da Gould\u2019un NOMA\u2019s\u0131 i\u00e7in pozitivizmin ispat \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcnden daha kuvvetlidir. Bilimin konular\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flanabilir. \u0130man yanl\u0131\u015flanamaz! \u0130nand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle bekleyen bir dindar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliyor musunuz? Bir g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fccek bir bilim teorisini yanl\u0131\u015flamak hayali g\u00f6rmeyecek bir bilim adam\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilir misiniz? \u0130kinciye Nobel garantidir.<\/p>\n

Burada da Dawkins\u00a0Amca kusura bakmas\u0131n. O, dinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispata soyunmu\u015ftu. Dinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat edemezsiniz. Do\u011frulu\u011funu da ispat edemezsiniz.<\/p>\n

Peki, Hristiyanl\u0131k son as\u0131rda ne yapt\u0131 ki yukar\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi art\u0131k bu konuda m\u00fcnazara yap\u0131lm\u0131yor; Bat\u0131\u2019da ve Do\u011fu\u2019da evrim art\u0131k tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor ve do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst m\u00fcfredat\u0131n tamam\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Katolik kilisesinin maceras\u0131: Papa der ki\u2026<\/h3>\n

Az \u00f6nceki soruya d\u00f6neyim: Hristiyanl\u0131k ve Yahudilik evrimle nas\u0131l bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Bunun i\u00e7in, bir zamanlar\u0131n en kat\u0131 muhalifini, Katolik Kilisesini takip edelim.<\/p>\n

Papa 12. Pius, 12 A\u011fustos 1950 tarihli Humani Generis<\/em>\u00a0sirk\u00fclerinde \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cEvrimcilik doktrini, aksi hipotezle yan yana, cidd\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemeyi gerektiren cidd\u00ee bir hipotezdir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ancak Pius bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na iki uyar\u0131 eklemi\u015fti: Evrim kesin ve ispat edilebilen bir doktrin olarak g\u00f6sterilmemeli ve vahyin bu konudaki \u00f6\u011fretileri unutulmamal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar sonra, 22 Ekim 1996 tarihinde Papal\u0131k\u2019tan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama daha geldi. Papa 2. John Paul\u00a0Papal\u0131k Bilimler Akademisi Genel Kurulu\u2019na konu\u015furken \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cBug<\/em>\u00fcn, sirk\u00fclerin yay\u0131n\u0131ndan yar\u0131m asra yak\u0131n bir zaman ge\u00e7ti; yeni bulgular bizi evrimin bir hipotezden daha ileri oldu\u011funu teslim etmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ger\u00e7ekten farkl\u0131 akademik disiplinlerdeki bir dizi ke\u015fiften sonra, bu teorinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ruhunda gittik\u00e7e daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nceden planlanmam\u0131\u015f ve aranmam\u0131\u015f b\u00f6yle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ke\u015fiflerin ayn\u0131 noktada birle\u015fmesi bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na bu teori lehine kaydedilecek \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130ki s\u00f6ylem, Vatikan\u00a0i\u00e7in mevcut problemi hallediyor. Birincisi, kitaplar\u0131ndaki ifadelerin alegorik oldu\u011fu, yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n l\u00e2fz\u00ee olarak alg\u0131lanmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir. \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019in terminolojisiyle, \u201cbizim kitaplar \u00fcst kapa\u011f\u0131ndan alt kapa\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcte\u015fabihtir, muhkem sanmay\u0131n<\/em>\u201d demektir bu… Ya evrim? Papa John Paul, bunu da \u015f\u00f6yle \u00e7\u00f6zer: \u201cBizim ilgi alan\u0131m\u0131z insan\u0131n ruhudur. Bedeninin nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fi, bizi ilgilendirmez.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

\u201cEvrim teorisi\u201d ne haldad\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

Evrim, bug\u00fcn biyolojinin temelidir. Teorik yap\u0131, Darwin\u00a0zaman\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ilerdedir. Darwin, ana hatlar\u0131 tahmin etmekle birlikte ne mekanizmay\u0131 tam olarak biliyordu ne de DNA\u2019dan haberi vard\u0131. Evrim o kadar oturmu\u015ftur ki evrime yol a\u00e7an DNA de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle mutasyonlar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde istatistik da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hesaplanabilmektedir. Metotlar, canl\u0131lar\u0131n evriminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Dillerin evrimi benzer istatistik yollarla bilgisayarda modellenmektedir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fchendisli\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda \u2018genetik<\/em>\u00a0algoritma<\/em>\u2019<\/em> denilen, en uygun tasar\u0131m\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bilgisayar programlar\u0131 ile sistemleri modelleyip evrimle\u015ftiren metotlar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Kopyalanma, kopyalanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ender fakat rastgele hatal\u0131 kopyalar ve yeni kopyalar\u0131n \u00e7evreye daha iyi veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fc uyumu\u2026 Bu mekanizma o kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ki canl\u0131larla ilgisi olmayan problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmekte de bunu taklit ederek kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar tehlike olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z verem gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n antibiyotiklere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri nereden geliyor san\u0131yorsunuz? Ku\u015f gribinin insandan insana ge\u00e7en tipinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan ni\u00e7in endi\u015fe ediyoruz? Ya o tats\u0131z tuzsuz, fakat s\u00fcpermarket raf \u00f6mr\u00fc uzun sebze ve meyveler? Harita bu iken, h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201cDarwin<\/em>\u00a0teorisi\u201d<\/em>, \u201cevrim teorisi\u201d<\/em> gibi etiketlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bile rahats\u0131z edicidir. Bunlar, bilmeyenlerde, sanki e\u015fit a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta bir\u00e7ok teori var da bunlardan birisi de evrim teorisi izlenimini uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. T\u0131pk\u0131 Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim\u00a0Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. \u0130n\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar binalar\u0131n statik hesab\u0131n\u0131 yaparken \u201cNewton\u00a0teorisi\u201dni mi kullan\u0131yor? (Newton kanunlar\u0131, bizim boyutumuzdaki mekani\u011fin temelidir.)\u00a0Hay\u0131r efendim, Newton\u2019un as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce buldu\u011fu kanunlar\u0131n kendi alanlar\u0131na uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fct etmeden uyguluyorlar. Ya Newton teorisi yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar da bina y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa diye ak\u0131llar\u0131ndan bile ge\u00e7irmeden. Evrimin mekanizmalar\u0131 da t\u0131ptan biyolojiye, zoolojiden tar\u0131ma bu rahatl\u0131kla uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim\u00a0Bakan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n izniyle s\u00f6yleyeyim: Evrim art\u0131k \u201cbinlerce teoriden biri\u201d de\u011fil. Tabi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011fu ve g\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de binlerce teoriden biri diye de\u011ferlendiriyorsan\u0131z, o zaman hakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z! Neden olmas\u0131n? Nitekim ge\u00e7enlerde biri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da Mason uydurmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Biraz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya m\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131m? Hani bilimde \u015f\u00fcphecilik esast\u0131? Nedir bu evrime \u015feksiz \u015f\u00fcphesiz teslimiyet? Evet, bilimde \u015f\u00fcphecilik esast\u0131r. Evrim mekanizmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde tek ama bir tek aksine bulgu, bu s\u00f6ylediklerimi y\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Bilimde istisna kaideyi y\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Ne demi\u015ftik: Zaten bilim, Popper\u2019in deyi\u015fiyle, \u201cyanl\u0131\u015flanabilen sistemler<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu y\u00fczden de dinin alan\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edemez. Tek yanl\u0131\u015flama, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130yi de bir bu\u00e7uk as\u0131rd\u0131r b\u00fct\u00fcn bulgular evrimi desteklemektedir. Aksine tek bir bulgu, tek bir g\u00f6zlem yoktur. Bu, \u201cNewton<\/em>\u00a0teorisi\u201d<\/em> i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bir g\u00fcn in\u015faattaki tu\u011flan\u0131n yere do\u011fru de\u011fil de g\u00f6\u011fe do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek, Newton\u2019u hemen terk ederiz. (Bu kitab\u0131n ilerleyen b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde g\u00f6rece\u011fiz ki kuantum mekani\u011finde tu\u011flalar g\u00f6\u011fe do\u011fru da d\u00fc\u015febilir!)<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e2 Edri, \u201canonim\u201d kelimesinin Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019ndeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Rahmetli kay\u0131nvaldem Halide Nusret Zorlutuna s\u0131k s\u0131k buradaki hazretli kullan\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015faka olarak yapard\u0131; ben de onun yolundan gidiyorum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim ve din insan\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkide mi b\u0131rak\u0131r? Bilim, her \u015feyden \u015f\u00fcphe edin derken; dinin iman istiyor olmas\u0131 bir \u00e7eli\u015fki midir? \u0130nsanlar bu iki arada kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan nas\u0131l kurtulabilirler? Evrim, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir teori midir? Ya maymunlar; yoksa akraba m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[60,61,62,2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cEvrim Teorisi\u201d ne haldad\u0131r? - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/evrim-teorisi-ne-haldadir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cEvrim Teorisi\u201d ne haldad\u0131r? - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bilim ve din insan\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkide mi b\u0131rak\u0131r? 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D\\u00f6nem \\u00fcyeli\\u011fi, Atom enerjisi konusunda bakan dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131. T\\u00f6re-Devlet Yay\\u0131nevi y\\u00f6neticisi. Bilimsel yay\\u0131nlar: 30\\u2019un \\u00fcst\\u00fcnde bilimsel yay\\u0131n\\u0131 700\\u2019\\u00fcn \\u00fczerinde at\\u0131f alm\\u0131\\u015ft\\u0131r. Y\\u00f6netim uzmanl\\u0131k alanlar\\u0131: Sa\\u011fl\\u0131k, toplam kalite y\\u00f6netimi, bili\\u015fim ve pazarlama. Bilimsel uzmanl\\u0131k alanlar\\u0131: Teorik kimya, fiziko-kimya, bilgisayar uygulamalar\\u0131 ve programlama. Siyasi - sosyal \\u00e7al\\u0131\\u015fmalar: K\\u00dcB\\u0130TEM (K\\u00fclt\\u00fcr, Bilim ve Teknik Merkezi) kuruculu\\u011fu, T\\u00fcrkoca\\u011f\\u0131 Hars Heyeti ve Y\\u00f6netim Kurulu \\u00fcyeli\\u011fi, Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi Y\\u00f6netim Kurulu \\u00fcyeli\\u011fi; T\\u00f6re, Devlet, Bozkurt, T\\u00fcrk Yurdu dergilerinde makale ve ba\\u015fka yaz\\u0131lar. Son Havadis, Yeni Ufuk, Ayy\\u0131ld\\u0131z gazetelerinde k\\u00f6\\u015fe yazarl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131. Kitap: - T\\u00fcrk Milliyet\\u00e7ili\\u011fi Fikir Sistemi -Teori- (1977; son bask\\u0131 2016) - T\\u00fcrk\\u2019\\u00fcm \\u00d6z\\u00fcr Dilerim (2013, son bask\\u0131 2016) - Ni\\u00e7in (Geri Kald\\u0131k)? Tarih- Devlet-Ekonomi-Y\\u00f6netim (2014, son bask\\u0131 2017) - Millet ve Milliyet\\u00e7ilik (2016), - Alt Ak\\u0131l: Aptallar ve Diktat\\u00f6rler (2017) - Bilim, Din ve T\\u00fcrk\\u00e7\\u00fcl\\u00fck (2018)\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1960\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}