{"id":2018,"date":"2018-04-28T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-28T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com?p=2018&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=2018"},"modified":"2021-11-11T02:31:18","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T23:31:18","slug":"23-nisan-1920den-24-haziran-2018e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/23-nisan-1920den-24-haziran-2018e\/","title":{"rendered":"23 Nisan 1920\u2019den 24 Haziran 2018\u2019e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2019\" src=\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Ataturkmecliste.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Ataturkmecliste.jpg 640w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Ataturkmecliste-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Ataturkmecliste-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>23 Nisan 1920 T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee tarihinin en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birisidir. Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak i\u00e7in manzaraya bir g\u00f6z atmak yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Cihan Devletinin yenilenmesini zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememesi, bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri \u00e7ekilmek sonucunu getirmi\u015ftir. Bu geri \u00e7ekili\u015f 19. Asr\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren artan bir \u015fekilde dramatik hale b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, 20. Asra Balkanlar\u0131n kayb\u0131 ile girilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda toplumun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu hal bu \u00e7ekilmenin sosyal zeminini \u00e7ok iyi anlatmaktad\u0131r. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn hata ve sorumluluk devlet y\u00f6netiminindir.<\/p>\n<p>20\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131la girerken, <em>ordu \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Saray\u0131n Muhaf\u0131z Alay\u0131 hari\u00e7 asker zor durumdad\u0131r.<\/em> <em>Bu\u011fday, arpa, ya\u011f, \u00e7uha, \u00e7orap, ayakkab\u0131, giyim e\u015fyas\u0131 vs d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelmektedir. Subaylar\u0131n maa\u015f\u0131 senede 5-6 defa \u00f6denebilmektedir<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>. Bunun yan\u0131nda manevi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu hususlar \u00fclk\u00fc zaaf\u0131, korku ve itimats\u0131zl\u0131k, <strong>silah arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoklu\u011fu<\/strong>, te\u015febb\u00fcs<\/em>[inisiyatif kullanma HP]<em> yoklu\u011fu<\/em>dur<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><em><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Asker siyasetin tam anlam\u0131yla i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitimde reform yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, medrese \u00f6\u011frencilerinin askerlikten muaf olmas\u0131, bunun birtak\u0131m menfaatleri de birlikte getirmesi, \u00a0\u00f6zellikle bu kurumlar\u0131n siyaset \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve devletin neredeyse iflas etti\u011fi ortamda, tam anlam\u0131yla da ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda orta \u00f6\u011fretimde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki okul say\u0131s\u0131<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>: lise 36 (5\u2019i k\u0131z), \u00f6\u011fretmen okulu 14 (1\u2019i m\u00fczik 5\u2019 k\u0131z), ortaokul 118 (4\u2019\u00fc k\u0131z)\u2019dir. Bu say\u0131lar bile e\u011fitimin halini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bas\u0131n hem yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r hem de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bask\u0131 ve sans\u00fcr alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kamu maliyesi peri\u015fand\u0131r, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r zaten yok gibidir. Kapit\u00fclasyonlar, al\u0131nan bor\u00e7lara bir de yarg\u0131 \u00fczerinde kapit\u00fclasyonlar eklenince, yabanc\u0131lar vatan\u0131m\u0131zda dokunulmaz hale gelmi\u015flerdi. Devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemez duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, tuz, ispirto, t\u00fct\u00fcn, ipek, bal\u0131k gelirleri ile yedi kalem vergi toplama i\u015fi alacakl\u0131lara devredilir.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumda ahlaki erozyon \u00fcst d\u00fczeydedir. Bu bozulma; d<em>o\u011frulu\u011fun, i\u00e7timai tesan\u00fcd\u00fcn ve y\u00fcksek idealin, devlet kap\u0131s\u0131nda bir mana ifade etmez olmas\u0131, yalan, iftira, casuslu\u011fun <\/em>[gammazl\u0131k HP] <em>reva\u00e7 bulmas\u0131na, r\u00fc\u015fvet al\u0131p vermenin de yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekil almas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Din, milletin ahlak\u0131n\u0131 kuvvetlendirmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, fakat taassubu k\u00f6kle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in siyaset aleti olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Toplumda kimlik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, Osmanl\u0131c\u0131, \u0130slamc\u0131 ya da T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc siyasetin hangisi diye cevap aranm\u0131\u015f, Milletimizin ad\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011fun tart\u0131\u015fma ve ayr\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m toprak ve n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>93 Harbi diye bilinen 1877-78 T\u00fcrk &#8211; Rus Harbi ile do\u011fu vilayetlerimiz Rus i\u015fgaline terk edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130talyanlar Trablusgarp\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, Devlet-i Aliye birka\u00e7 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc subay g\u00f6nderme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey yapamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Devlet-i Aliye\u2019ye sava\u015f ilan eden Karada\u011fl\u0131lar, Yunan, Bulgar ve S\u0131rplarla 19 Ekim 1912\u2019de ba\u015flayan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar Kas\u0131m sonunda biterken ba\u015ftanba\u015fa Balkanlar kaybedildi\u011fi gibi Ege Denizindeki adalar da elden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0Selanik neredeyse bir kur\u015fun at\u0131lmadan teslim edilmi\u015f, evlerinin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bile \u00e7ekemeden, sadece birer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boh\u00e7a ile kalkacak ilk gemiye binebilenler \u015fansl\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar kadar \u015fansl\u0131 olmayanlar, yanlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yabilecekleri e\u015fyalarla yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flar, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n da zorlu \u015fartlar\u0131nda yolda d\u00fc\u015fenleri bile tutup kald\u0131ramadan devam etmi\u015flerdir. Manzaran\u0131n en zora gideni de, Osmanl\u0131dan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edebilmek i\u00e7in demiryolu i\u015fletmesine el koyan Frans\u0131z, paras\u0131n\u0131 almadan trenlere kimseyi bindirmemi\u015ftir. Ceplerinde para, az\u0131klar\u0131nda yiyecek olmayan Evlad-\u0131 Fatihan Ba\u015fkent\u2019e, \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok zor ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Trajedinin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de 42 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bu \u00e7ekilmede \u00f6len, yolda kaybolan ya da topraklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp at\u0131lan T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun milyonlar\u0131 bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f Birinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 diye isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kay\u0131plar h\u0131zla devam eder. Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131nda egemen olan T\u00fcrk Cihan Devleti \u00e7ok zordad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Milletinin \u00e7ekili\u015fi h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve nihayet 30 Ekim 1918 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Koskoca bir cihan devleti, Limni Adas\u0131n\u0131n Mondros liman\u0131nda, 27 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan ve \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcnde, 24 maddelik ate\u015fkesi imzalayacakt\u0131r. Topu topu be\u015f oturum yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde kayda de\u011fer bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bahriye Bakan\u0131 Rauf Bey \u2013 \u0130stiklal Harbi kahramanlar\u0131ndan Rauf Orbay- \u201c<em>b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f gibi Mondros\u2019tan d\u00f6ner. Umutludur. \u0130yimserdir.<\/em> <em>Bas\u0131na deme\u00e7ler verir: \u2026 imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu m\u00fctareke ile devletimizin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, saltanat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hukuku, milletimizin onuru t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>Diyecektir. \u201c<em>\u0130yimserlik yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u2026Mondros M\u00fctarekesi T\u00fcrk Kamuoyuna bir \u2018ba\u015far\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u201d <\/em>ama \u00e7ok de\u011fil M\u00fctarekeden 13, Rauf Beyin demecinden 10 g\u00fcn sonra d\u00fc\u015fman donanmas\u0131 \u00c7anakkale\u2019den ge\u00e7ip bo\u011faza, Dolmabah\u00e7e saray\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na demir atacaklard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkent d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00fctarekeden sonra\u2026 Geldikleri gibi gidecekler<\/h2>\n<p>Anafartalar Kahraman\u0131 Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, i\u015fgalin oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015ftir. Gemilere bak\u0131p, azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla: \u201c<em>Geldikleri gibi giderler\u2026\u201d <\/em>diyecektir. Kendisi ile irtibata ge\u00e7en Rauf Beyin fikirlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, onunla Erzurum ve Sivas Kongrelerinde beraber olacakt\u0131r. Rauf Bey ara verdi\u011fi istiklal m\u00fccadelesine, \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Malta\u2019dan d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Peki, kolay m\u0131 olmu\u015ftur? Elbette kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zorlu yolda \u00f6nce inan\u00e7 ve iman sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce Erzurum sonra Sivas Kongreleri\u2026 ve \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok me\u015fakkatli bir 11 aydan sonra Ankara\u2019da bir g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fmaya ba\u015flar. 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de TBMM dualarla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Hamdullah Suphi, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc anlat\u0131rken o g\u00fcn i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cG\u00fcne\u015fli bir g\u00fcnde 23 Nisanda Millet Meclisini a\u00e7t\u0131. Meclisin kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde kurbanlar kestik. Kala\u00adbal\u0131k biz i\u00e7eri girdikten sonra, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Onun ilk nutkunu rutubete b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcnger gibi iliklerime kadar i\u00e7erek dinledim; bu nutuk bir pencere idi, derinlikler \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onu dinledikten sonra Reisi buldu\u011fumuza kanaat getirdik.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 Anadolu\u2019da onun ilk m\u00fccadelesi dima\u011flar ve vicdanlar \u00fczerinde cereyan etti. \u0130lk zaferini bu sahada kazand\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Milletin istiklali tehlikedeydi. <\/em>Yeniden bir Ergenekon Destan\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><em>Geldikleri gibi gittiler. <\/em><\/p>\n<h2>21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda<\/h2>\n<p>Y\u00fczy\u0131la girdi\u011fimizde de\u011fi\u015fen y\u00f6netimle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zla 19\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu 20\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki olaylar neredeyse birebir ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Sadece isimler farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ergenekon, Balyoz, \u0130zmir Casusluk, 28 \u015eubat kumpaslar\u0131 ile Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerimizde silah arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukukunun bitirilmesinden d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lara, e\u011fitimde \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011fe; r\u00fc\u015fvet, iltimas, devlette ehliyet ve liyakate \u00f6nem vermeme, yarg\u0131ya g\u00fcvenin kalmamas\u0131, d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 borcun neredeyse \u00f6denemez hale gelmesine; dinin siyasete alet edilmesine, sa\u00e7ma sapan fetvalar\u0131n havada u\u00e7u\u015fmas\u0131na kadar her \u015fey t\u0131pat\u0131p ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumsal ahlak d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve fuhu\u015f alm\u0131\u015f ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gitmi\u015f, \u00e7ocuk tecav\u00fczleri, kad\u0131n cinayetleri, gayrime\u015fru ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sap\u0131k ili\u015fki alabildi\u011fine artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00f6nemlisi de <strong>T\u00fcrk mill\u00ee kimli\u011fi ile ideolojik kavga i\u00e7inde olan y\u00f6neticiler<\/strong> m\u00fctemadiyen kimli\u011fimiz \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Kimli\u011fimizle yap\u0131lan bu m\u00fccadele en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ve her g\u00fcn devam etmekte, isimsiz bir millet tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kimlik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr kodlar\u0131ndan kopart\u0131larak farkl\u0131 bir kimlik olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan toplumda, asl\u0131nda kim oldu\u011funu bilmeyen bir yap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Deizmle ilgili yo\u011fun tart\u0131\u015fma bunun g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk toplumu bu kadar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok gerilmi\u015ftir. Sakin, dingin bir hayat\u0131n \u00f6zlemi \u00e7ekilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2>Nas\u0131l olacak, vuslat hangi bahara?<\/h2>\n<p>21 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc MHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Devlet Bah\u00e7eli\u2019nin grup konu\u015fmas\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya AKP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n olumlu cevab\u0131 ile erken se\u00e7ime gidiliyor. Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan tarihten iki y\u0131l \u00f6ne \u00e7ekilen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milletvekili genel se\u00e7imleri birlikte yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yahya Kemal (Beyatl\u0131) bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda: <em>\u201cBu as\u0131rda zekas\u0131yla ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131na sevk-i tabiisiyle ya\u015fayan bir halk, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fczergah\u0131 olan payitahtta [vatanda HP] nas\u0131l bar\u0131nabilir?\u201d<\/em> diye sorar.<\/p>\n<p>Frans\u0131z filozofu Voltaire <em>\u201cBiz o Kitaba <\/em>[Kur\u2019an\u2019a HP]<em> say\u0131s\u0131z yaveler kondurduk. Oysa Kur\u2019an\u2019da bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri yoktur. Ke\u015fi\u015flerimizin as\u0131l zoru M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan T\u00fcrklerle idi. \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131 konulamay\u0131nca, onlar hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fc kitap yaz\u0131p durdular.<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a>\u201d <\/em>demektedir. AB ile ili\u015fkilerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te tek hedefin, tam ve k\u00e2mil anlam\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk Kimli\u011fi oldu\u011fu art\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>24 Haziran se\u00e7imleri, t\u0131pk\u0131 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi bir kav\u015fak noktas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Milleti bu ge\u00e7itten salimen ge\u00e7ip, gelece\u011fe emin ad\u0131mlarla y\u00fcr\u00fcmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi: \u201c<em>Ya\u015famak i\u00e7in, evvela insan\u0131n bir mefk\u00fbresi olmal\u0131! Mefk\u00fbre t\u00fckenmez vecdlerin, \u00fcmitlerin memba\u0131d\u0131r. Mefk\u00fbreler, mill\u00ee felaketler zaman\u0131nda do\u011far. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin en ziyade mefk\u00fbreli olacaklar\u0131 zamand\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Aksi takdirde tarih tekerr\u00fcr ede(bile)cektir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Ord. Prof. Enver Ziya Karal Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, 8. cilt s. 369, TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 4. Bask\u0131, 1995<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> Age, s. 373<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel, T\u00fcrkiyede Orta \u00d6\u011fretim, \u0130stanbul Devlet Bas\u0131mevi, 1938<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> Ord. Prof. Enver Ziya Karal Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi, 8. cilt s. 490, TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 4. Bask\u0131, 1995<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> Age, s. 492<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> Bilal N. \u015eim\u015fir, Malta S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri, s. 37, A\u011fustos 2008, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> Voltaire, T\u00fcrkler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve \u00d6tekiler, s. 8, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1969<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00fcz y\u0131l arayla benzer bir tarihi mi tekrar ediyoruz? Y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce mill\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7ler meclis iradesini h\u00e2kim k\u0131larken y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra gayr\u0131 mill\u00ee odaklar meclis iradesini ortadan kald\u0131rmaya m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Yazar, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ilen d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zelliklerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":2020,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,64,66,67],"tags":[],"coauthors":[28],"class_list":["post-2018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-kurumlar","category-siyaset-tarih","category-tehditler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2018"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14273,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018\/revisions\/14273"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2018"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}