![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Sykes-Picot1.jpg\")
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Bilindi\u011fi gibi Suriye\u2019de Mart 2011\u2019deki sokak eylemleri ile ba\u015flayan ve Arap bahar\u0131n\u0131n son halkas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen olaylar, vek\u00e2let sava\u015flar\u0131<\/em> \u015feklinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde sava\u015f\u0131n bir taraf\u0131nda Suriye, ona yard\u0131m eden Rusya ve \u0130ran, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda ise ABD, yan\u0131nda ba\u015fta \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri var. \u0130srail ise s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, ancak ABD politikalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirebilen etkin bir akt\u00f6r. Di\u011fer Arap \u00fclkeleri ise, tarihten gelen al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile her biri bir bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde pozisyon almaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkiye de, deyim yerindeyse iki arada bir derede kalarak \u00e7eli\u015fkili, yanl\u0131\u015f ve karas\u0131z politikalar izlemi\u015f, kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve milli politikalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak yerine, ABD\u2019nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pozisyonlara g\u00f6re edilgen ve reaksiyoner bir konumda kalarak beka sorunu ile y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmi\u015ftir. S\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda devletler nadiren kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelirken (Rus u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gibi) genelde sava\u015f, destekledikleri gruplar \u00fczerinden vek\u00e2leten y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler bir bak\u0131ma 1916\u2019da Sykes-Picot anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00e7izilen siyasi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n g\u00fcncellenmesi niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Nisan 2018\u2019de Fransa, I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele bahanesiyle Suriye\u2019deki ter\u00f6rist unsurlardan PYD\u2019ye destek verece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Brexit s\u00fcreci ile 2019\u2019da Avrupa birli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kacak olan ve \u015fimdiden tamamen m\u00fcstakil bir d\u0131\u015f politika izleyen \u0130ngiltere\u2019den sonra, AB\u2019nin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck akt\u00f6r\u00fc Fransa, eski Sykes-Picot akt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak, s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur. Sykes-Picot\u2019nun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc akt\u00f6r\u00fc Rusya ise zaten ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan beri en etkin bir \u015fekilde Suriye\u2019dedir. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk-Rus i\u015fbirli\u011fini baltalamak \u00fczere, ABD taraf\u0131ndan devreye sokulmu\u015f olabilece\u011fi de ihtimal d\u00e2hilindedir.<\/p>\n Gelinen noktay\u0131 Sykes-Picot ruhunun hortlamas\u0131 olarak, de\u011ferlendirip y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde bu co\u011frafyay\u0131 tanzim eden emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birbirleri ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri ile ili\u015fkilerini inceleyerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki geli\u015fmelerin daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirebiliriz.<\/p>\n Rusya 1853\u2019te Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in hasta adam<\/em> te\u015fhisini koydu\u011fundan beri, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak e\u011filimindedir. \u0130ngiltere ise g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131na kadar bor\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve vergilerini bile Duyunu Umumiye<\/em> ile kendisinin tahsil etti\u011fi, adeta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi konumundaki Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, \u201ckendi sa\u011fmal ine\u011finin kesilmesi olarak\u201d de\u011ferlendirdi\u011finden, s\u00fcrekli ertelemektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere 1969\u2019da S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fen Fransa\u2019y\u0131 1882\u2019de oradan atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1878\u2019de de Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, bu \u015fekilde Hindistan\u2019a giden yolda \u00f6nemli iki k\u00f6pr\u00fcba\u015f\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 cephede yer alan Almanya, imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stanbul-Ba\u011fdat demiryolunu Adana\u2019ya kadar in\u015fa ederek, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da kendine alan a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 1916 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Rusya, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve \u0130ran i\u00e7lerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurarak Hindistan i\u00e7in ikinci bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu s\u0131rada \u0130ngiltere, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idaresi kararg\u00e2h\u0131 ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Mezopotamya\u2019da ise 1604\u2019de ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kapit\u00fclasyonla, Basra\u2019ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgede kendi bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ticaret ve nehir ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Yemen\u2019de ise Aden Liman\u0131nda eskiden beri k\u00f6m\u00fcr sevkiyat \u00fcss\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Fransa ise Suriye\u2019de h\u00e2kim durumdad\u0131r. Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131; 2011 Suriye\u2019si, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131, Hatay, Adana, Antep, Mara\u015f, Urfa, Mardin ve Musul\u2019u i\u00e7ine alan, kabaca Malatya\u2019ya kadar uzanan, 31\u2019inci paralelin kuzeyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Anla\u015fma, Suriye derken b\u00fct\u00fcn bu b\u00f6lgeyi kast etmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu anla\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri 23 Kas\u0131m 1915\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ngiliz Mark Sykes ve Frans\u0131z George Picot taraf\u0131ndan 3 Ocak 1916\u2019da \u00fczerinde mutabakat sa\u011flanan anla\u015fma metni, 4 \u015eubat\u2019ta \u0130ngiltere, 8 \u015eubat\u2019ta Fransa taraf\u0131ndan onand\u0131. 9 Mart\u2019ta Rusya\u2019ya bildirildi.(2-Kaymaz)<\/em> Yukar\u0131da s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenen Suriye Fransa\u2019ya, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve t\u00fcm Mezopotamya, kabaca 31\u2019inci Paralelin g\u00fcneyi ise \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye verilecektir. \u00d6nce \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye b\u0131rak\u0131lan Filistin, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nerisi ile payla\u015f\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demografik yap\u0131 ve do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece ekonomik ve stratejik kayg\u0131larla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir payla\u015f\u0131m s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00fcrerken yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu konuda tek \u00f6rnektir. Sava\u015f sonlan\u0131p bar\u0131\u015f masas\u0131na oturulmadan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de gizli<\/em> olmak zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Yang\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131rcas\u0131na alelacele yap\u0131lan bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 \u0130ngiliz tarih\u00e7i James Barr \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlar; \u201cAy\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeden postunu payla\u015fan, fazlaca \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 bir anla\u015fma\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n B\u00f6lgede Fransa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon asker bulunduran bask\u0131n akt\u00f6r \u0130ngiltere a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sava\u015f\u0131n sonu beklenmeden yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli nedenleri;<\/p>\n Anla\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan memnun olmayan \u0130ngilizler, Balfour deklarasyonu ile bir yandan Siyonistleri memnun etmek, \u00f6te yandan da Frans\u0131zlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamak istediler. Ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere Patria ve Struma facialar\u0131 gibi insanl\u0131\u011fa s\u0131\u011fmayan hatalar yaparak, deyim yerindeyse, bunu y\u00fczlerine g\u00f6zlerine bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin, Sykes-Picot\u2019yu yaparken bile Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun tamam\u0131na h\u00e2kim olmak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u0130ngilizler, Filistin\u2019i ve Musul\u2019u \u0130ngiliz b\u00f6lgesine katmak ve hatta Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Suriye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in Sykes-Picot\u2019dan caymak istiyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte tam bu s\u0131rada Rusya bu anla\u015fmaya uymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip gizlili\u011fini de bozunca, \u0130ngiltere arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n 19 Nisan 1917\u2019de \u0130ngiliz sava\u015f kabinesi, bu anla\u015fmayla belirlenen kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kuzeye do\u011fru, yani Frans\u0131zlar aleyhine geni\u015fletme ve Filistin\u2019e verilen uluslararas\u0131 stat\u00fcden vaz ge\u00e7erek, \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimine almay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.(2-Kaymaz)<\/em><\/p>\n Sava\u015f bitti\u011finde Almanya yenildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Rusya ise Ekim Devrimi ile rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan sonra Filistin Manda Y\u00f6netiminin \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019e devredildi\u011fi 1947 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, bu co\u011frafya, \u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z m\u00fccadelesine sahne olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u015eimdi 1916-1947 d\u00f6neminde cereyan eden olaylardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir demet sunarak, Sykes-Picot Ruhu\u2019 nu<\/em>, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu b\u00f6lgeye ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n 5 Haziran 1916\u2019da, anla\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerinden d\u00f6rt ay ge\u00e7meden, \u0130ngiliz casusu Lawrence,<\/strong> Fransa\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131lan topraklarda, Beyrut\u2019un y\u00fcz km. kuzeyindeki Ras Baalbek\u2019te bir demiryolu k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc havaya u\u00e7urdu.<\/p>\n 15 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de \u0130ngiliz askerleri Musul\u2019u i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizler Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Suriye\u2019de bir manda y\u00f6netimi kurmalar\u0131n\u0131 arzu etmediler. \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in o\u011flu Faysal\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiliz kuklas\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 istediler. Ancak bu durumun kendilerinin Mezopotamya\u2019da manda idaresi kurmas\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, istemeyerek de olsa, Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na raz\u0131 oldular.<\/p>\n Bu arada sava\u015f bitmi\u015f, ABD ve Wilson prensipleri g\u00fcndemdedir. Manda idaresi ile Wilson prensiplerinin \u201cB\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131\u201d<\/em> \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. Ortado\u011fu mandac\u0131lar\u0131, Frans\u0131z ve \u0130ngilizler Wilson komisyonuna \u00fcye vermeyerek boykot ettiler.<\/p>\n Suriye\u2019deki Frans\u0131z manda y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015f\u0131na 16 Kas\u0131m 1919\u2019da Gelibolu\u2019da tek kolunu kaybetmi\u015f Henri Gouraud tayin edilir. Gitmeden \u00f6nce Ba\u015fbakan Clemenceau ona Fransa\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar; \u201cSizin g\u00f6reviniz, Akdeniz\u2019in merkezinde bir Frans\u0131z etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r\u201d<\/em>. (1-Barr)<\/em><\/p>\n 26 Temmuz 1920\u2019de Gouraud, bir\u00e7ok Arap direni\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek \u015eam\u2019a girer. Selahaddin Eyyubi\u2019nin mezar\u0131n\u0131 tekmeleyerek, 700 y\u0131ll\u0131k ha\u00e7l\u0131 intikam\u0131n\u0131 dile getirir; \u201cSelahaddin, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Gouraud\u2019un ilk i\u015fi, r\u00fc\u015fvet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlerin t\u00fcm pis i\u015flerini yapan, Frans\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Kral Faysal\u2019\u0131 g\u00fcneye, dostlar\u0131 \u0130ngilizlerin kontrol\u00fcndeki Filistin\u2019e s\u00fcrmek oldu. \u0130ngilizler onun Filistin\u2019de kalmas\u0131n\u0131 da sak\u0131ncal\u0131 g\u00f6rerek M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6nderdiler.<\/p>\n Mark Sykes der ki; \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck dostlar\u0131m\u0131za <\/em>(Fransa) \u00f6deme yapmak i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dostlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 <\/em>(Araplar) satmam\u0131z gerekir.\u201d<\/em> Bu ilke uyar\u0131nca \u0130ngilizler Faysal\u2019\u0131n kovulmas\u0131na \u00f6nce sessiz kald\u0131lar, ama sonras\u0131nda, Faysal\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6stermelik bir referandumla Irak\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na getirdiler.<\/p>\n 1925\u2019te L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki D\u00fcrzi ayaklanmas\u0131nda alt\u0131 y\u00fcz Frans\u0131z askeri \u00f6ld\u00fc. Frans\u0131zlar biraz ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca bu ayaklanmaya g\u00fcneyden \u00dcrd\u00fcn \u00fczerinden \u0130ngiliz yard\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettiler. \u0130ngilizler D\u00fcrzilere deste\u011fi kesmek i\u00e7in Musul meselesinde,(O s\u0131rada Musul, Lozan sonras\u0131nda, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne havale edilmi\u015fti) Frans\u0131zlardan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi desteklemekten vazge\u00e7mesini istediler.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizlerin \u015eam b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Mac Kereth, Suriye ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Cemil Mardam\u2019\u0131 maa\u015fa ba\u011flayarak, birlikte Suriye\u2019deki Frans\u0131z otoritesini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n 1936\u2019da Alman tehdidi belirgin hale gelince, Frans\u0131zlar \u0130ngilizlere yana\u015fmak ihtiyac\u0131 duydu. Bunu f\u0131rsat bilen \u0130ngilizler, bir ta\u015fla birka\u00e7 ku\u015f vurdular:<\/p>\n Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n L\u00fcbnan manda y\u00f6netimi kabinesinin tamam\u0131 \u0130ngilizlere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta idi. Frans\u0131zlar, Stern \u00e7etesinin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla, bir gecede kabinenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 yataklar\u0131ndan alarak da\u011fa kald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Devam\u0131nda Fransa aleyhinde bir\u00e7ok toplumsal olay oldu, Frans\u0131zlara \u00f6fke artt\u0131.<\/p>\n 25 Kas\u0131m 1940 ta Patria isimli gemi Hayfa liman\u0131na geldi. Bir patlama oldu gemi yan yatt\u0131. 263 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Haganah \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gemiye patlay\u0131c\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Patria Felaketinden sonra 1941 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Struma gemisi, 769 Yahudi ile Romanya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6stence liman\u0131ndan hareket ederek \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi. \u0130stanbul\u2019da 8 hafta bekledi. \u0130ngilizler geminin Filistin\u2019e gitmesine izin vermedi. Karadeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve havaya u\u00e7uruldu. Bir ki\u015fi kurtuldu.<\/p>\n 1916\u2019dan itibaren Balfour Deklarasyonu ile Filistin\u2019e Yahudi m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatan \u0130ngiltere, kabaran Arap \u00f6fkesini bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 1939\u2019da M\u00fclteci s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 getirdi. Bunun \u00fczerine 1943\u2019de hem Araplarla ve hem de \u0130ngiliz Manda y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmak \u00fczere Yahudi \u0130rgun<\/em> \u00e7etesi<\/em> kuruldu. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ondan ayr\u0131lan bir grup da Stern<\/em> \u00e7etesini<\/em> kurdular.<\/p>\n \u0130srail\u2019in kurulu\u015fundan sonraki t\u00fcm y\u00f6neticileri, gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda bu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin aktif \u00fcyeleri olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Mo\u015fe Dayan Haganah \u00fcyesidir. \u0130zak \u015eamir Stern mensubudur. \u0130srail\u2019in kurucu devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ben Gurion, \u0130rgun \u00e7etesi \u00fcyesidir. Ba\u015fbakan Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201cone munite\u201d <\/em>\u00e7ekti\u011fi \u015eimon Perez, Ben Gurion\u2019un sekreterli\u011finden yeti\u015fmedir. T\u00fcm bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin Avrupa\u2019daki s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Paris\u2019tir. Stern \u00e7etesinin kararg\u00e2h\u0131 Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131ndaki Beyrut yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndad\u0131r. (Bir zamanlar PKK kamplar\u0131n\u0131n L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n Bekaa vadisinde olmas\u0131 ve PKK\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da korunmalar\u0131 ile benze\u015fen bir durum. A.B.)<\/p>\n Bu arada Fransa\u2019da Alman yanl\u0131s\u0131 Vicy rejimi h\u00e2kimdir. Vicy rejimiyle ve Almanlarla m\u00fccadele eden De Gaulle liderli\u011findeki \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Fransa\u201d<\/em> \u0130ngilizlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7indedir. Beyrut\u2019ta Vicy\u2019lerin kontrol\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizler, 9 Haziran 1940\u2019ta be\u015f y\u00fcz Z Force komando birli\u011fi ile G\u00fcney L\u00fcbnan\u2019da Litani Nehri a\u011fz\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma yapt\u0131lar. Vicy rejimi kuvvetlerini arkadan vurmak istediler. Yanl\u0131\u015f yere \u00e7\u0131karma yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir ate\u015f alt\u0131nda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizler ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Fransa kuvvetleri 23 Haziran 1940\u2019ta \u015eam\u2019a girdiler. Bu arada 4500 ki\u015fi kaybettiler.<\/p>\n Fransa Ortado\u011fu\u2019da 1940\u2019ta \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Frans\u0131z-Alman d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu, \u0130ngilizler II D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131nda bile de\u011ferlendirdiler. Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verilmesine destek oldular. Suriye\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Ama bu arada kendi kuyular\u0131n\u0131 da kazm\u0131\u015f oldular. L\u00fcbnan ve Suriye\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131k gibi \u0130ngiliz n\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lgelerine de sirayet etti.<\/p>\n Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan s\u00f6k\u00fcp atmak \u00fczere \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Suriye Plan\u0131\u201dn\u0131 yaparak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Kahire s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sorumlusu Lord Moyne\u2019u 6 Kas\u0131m 1944 de Stern \u00e7etesi Kahire\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Moyne\u2019un \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme nedenlerinden bir de Struma karar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Moyne Cinayetinden 5 g\u00fcn sonra Chuchill, Paris\u2019te De Gaulle ile bulu\u015ftu\u011funda De Gaulle ona \u201cSize kar\u015f\u0131 art\u0131k Irak, Filistin ya da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d dedi. Bu bir nevi ate\u015fkes teklifi idi.<\/p>\n 5 Temmuz 1946\u2019da bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130ngiliz istihbarat kararg\u00e2h\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki King David Oteli, Menahem Begin\u2019in lideri oldu\u011fu \u0130rgun \u00e7etesi taraf\u0131ndan bombaland\u0131.<\/p>\n Suriye egemenli\u011fini 1946 da kazand\u0131. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc el Kuvvetli 1949\u2019da H\u00fcsn\u00fc el Zaim taraf\u0131ndan iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 1947 de \u0130ngilizler Filistin manda y\u00f6netimini Birle\u015fmi\u015f milletlere devretti.\u00a0 Orada 1948 de bir \u0130srail devleti kuruldu. Hemen pe\u015finden sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n H\u00fcsn\u00fc el Zaim, \u0130srail ile bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri devam ederken, Fransa ile de ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczeltmek istiyordu. Fransa Zaim\u2019e \u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Suriye\u2019de kaybetti\u011fi n\u00fcfuzunun onunla kazanmak istiyordu. \u0130ngilizler buna izin vermedi. 137 g\u00fcn sonra Zaim, koltu\u011fundan indirilip idam edildi. Frans\u0131zlar \u00e7ok sinirlendi. Bunu \u015eam\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz ajan\u0131 Albay Stirling tezg\u00e2hlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O da bir kar\u015f\u0131 suikast ile \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n Aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz \u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z rekabeti, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sykes-Picot anla\u015fmas\u0131yla b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinden sonra, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun efendisinin kimin olaca\u011f\u0131 kavgas\u0131yd\u0131. Kavgada yumruk say\u0131lmaz ama daha \u00e7ok dayak yiyen taraf Fransa oldu.<\/p>\n II D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresince Ortado\u011fu\u2019da say\u0131s\u0131z \u0130ngiliz entrikas\u0131na maruz kalan General De Gaulle, 1958 de Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olunca, 6 \u00fclkenin bir araya gelerek meydana getirdi\u011fi Avrupa ortak Pazar\u0131na \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin girme teklifini veto ederek, Sykes-Picot\u2019nun bask\u0131n akt\u00f6r\u00fc \u0130ngiltere\u2019den adeta bunun r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r gibiydi.(1-Barr)<\/em><\/p>\n Suriye\u2019deki geli\u015fmeler Sykes-Picot\u2019nun g\u00fcncellenmesi olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, bu anla\u015fman\u0131n akt\u00f6rlerinin birbiri ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri ile ili\u015fkilerine ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bir pencere a\u00e7arak, kabaca g\u00f6z att\u0131k. \u201cSykes-Picot Ruhu\u201d nu anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak:<\/p>\n Bu topraklar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan insanlar, ulusal bilin\u00e7 ve toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten yoksun, din, etnisite ve a\u015firet eksenli \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kapal\u0131 toplumlard\u0131r. Bu toplumsal zaaflar, d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcn de emperyalist ihtiraslar\u0131 kabartmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu co\u011frafyada emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki rekabet \u00f6nemsenmeli ve de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bazen kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fczle sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bu yolla sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Lawrence\u2019\u0131n \u201cs\u00f6z konusu Suriye ise d\u00fc\u015fman T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fil, Fransa\u2019d\u0131r\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc bunu \u00e7ok g\u00fczel a\u00e7\u0131klar. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u0130ngilizler \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Suriye\u2019de Manda kurmas\u0131n\u0131 istememi\u015fler, sonra Gertrude Bell\u2019in uyar\u0131s\u0131 ile Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131na izin vermi\u015flerdir. Y\u0131llar sonra da Frans\u0131z mandas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verilmesine yard\u0131m etmi\u015flerdir. Atat\u00fcrk bunu \u00e7ok iyi de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Benzer \u015fekilde Frans\u0131zlar \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede \u0130srail\u2019in devlet kurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6rg\u00fctlere destek vermi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, ABD-Rusya rekabetinden faydalanarak, ABD den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z deste\u011fe ilaveten, Rusya\u2019dan da himaye g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da sadece g\u00f6r\u00fcnen legal otorite ile de\u011fil, ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, y\u00f6netim muhalifleri, ter\u00f6rist gruplar ve \u00e7eteler ile ili\u015fki i\u00e7ine girmelerinin be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere 1604\u2019de Osmanl\u0131dan ticaret ve nehir ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 izni ald\u0131ktan sonraki t\u00fcm i\u015flerini \u0130stanbul\u2019un haberi olmadan r\u00fc\u015fvet ile Basra ve Ba\u011fdat valilerine yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.(2-Kaymaz)<\/em><\/p>\n Kendi r\u0131zalar\u0131 ile Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu payla\u015f\u0131rken bile birbirlerine verdikleri s\u00f6zleri tutmayan b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, bu co\u011frafyada her mutabakat\u0131na itiyatla yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n Ortado\u011fu insan\u0131na d\u00fcr\u00fcst davranmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek hayaldir.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da politika yapmak may\u0131nl\u0131 arazide y\u00fcr\u00fcmek gibidir. Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir aritmeti\u011fi vard\u0131r. Denklemler \u00e7ok bilinmeyenlidir. 1916-1947 d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Fransa\u2019ya bile y\u00fczlerce tuzak kurdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin i\u015flerinin ne kadar zor oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2018 May\u0131s\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u2018n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir se\u00e7im arifesinde \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kapsaml\u0131 bir ziyaret yapmas\u0131, Mark Sykes\u2019\u0131n tuzak\u00e7\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinin Ortado\u011fu denklemine daha aktif bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n Etnik, mezhepsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede kaosa yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de\u011firmenine su ta\u015f\u0131mak sonucunu do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye etnik ve mezhep bazl\u0131 politikalardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131p, kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011finin gerektirdi\u011fi bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 politikalar uygulamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cYurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh<\/em>\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n, Cumhuriyetimizin \u00f6nemli bir fabrika ayar\u0131 oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Araplar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda mutabakat sa\u011flamad\u0131klar\u0131 konularda taraf olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n De\u011ferli tarih\u00e7imiz Prof. \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi; \u201cBu co\u011frafyada herkesin bir m\u00fcttefike ve herkesin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ak\u0131ll\u0131ca atak yap\u0131p, ak\u0131ll\u0131ca geri \u00e7ekilmek laz\u0131m\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesinin sonucunda anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131lar. Buna da Sykes-Picot dediler. \u0130simleri de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f Lawrens\u2019ler, Gertrude Bell\u2019ler, Sykes\u2019lar, Picot\u2019lar bug\u00fcn de oralarda dola\u015fmakta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":2258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66,69],"tags":[],"coauthors":[148],"class_list":["post-2244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset-tarih","category-yakin-cografya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2244\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2244"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Sykes-Picot \u00f6ncesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Sykes-Picot nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Sykes-Picot-300x180.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
Sykes-Picot sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n
KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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