{"id":2908,"date":"2018-07-25T19:30:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-25T16:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/?p=2908"},"modified":"2018-07-25T20:30:00","modified_gmt":"2018-07-25T17:30:00","slug":"tarihin-turk-milletine-dersi-lozan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/tarihin-turk-milletine-dersi-lozan\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihin T\u00fcrk Milletine Dersi, Lozan…"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu Devleti kurup bize emanet eden\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na h\u00fcrmetle\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

24 Temmuz (1923) T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletinin tapu tescil senedi olan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imza g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131 kurulan devletin, \u00fczerine akbabalar gibi \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fen Bat\u0131l\u0131lar ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

16 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da sadrazam\u0131n verdi\u011fi, padi\u015fah\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrledi\u011fi ve \u0130tilaf Kuvvetleri komiserli\u011finin (\u0130ngiliz) vize etti\u011fi*<\/a> yaz\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan istikl\u00e2l maceras\u0131 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019de sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6ylerken ve yazarken \u00e7ok kolay olan bu zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk milli tarihinin belki de en \u00f6nemli ve en uzun \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l d\u00f6rt ay\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu uzun g\u00fcnlerin \u00f6ncesine bir bakmakta fayda vard\u0131r. 30 Ekim 1918 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi ile Birinci Cihan Harbi, Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Cihan Devleti ad\u0131na sonlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fma ile \u0130mparatorluk ordular\u0131 terhis edilmeye, silahlar\u0131 toplanmaya ve nihayet topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgal edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k m\u00fctareke hayat\u0131 vard\u0131r ve egemenli\u011fin temsilcileri i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fey yapmamaktad\u0131r*<\/a>*. Hatta parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131m\u0131ldatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hareket edenlere mani olmak gibi bir garabetin i\u00e7ine girmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

16 May\u0131s\u2019ta ba\u015flayan uzun yol, Amasya (Tamimi),Erzurum, Sivas (kongreleri) ve Ankara (TBMM)\u2026 ile ara duraklara u\u011frar\u2026<\/p>\n

Sonra, \u201cBila kayd-\u0131 \u015fart h\u00e2kimiyeti milliyeye m\u00fcstenid\u201d \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi\u2026 Yokluklar, peri\u015fanl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde; oda haline getirilmi\u015f Ziraat Mektebi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n bilmem ka\u00e7 ki\u015filik ko\u011fu\u015flar\u0131nda yatarak ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadele\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131l s\u00fcren d\u00fczenli orduya ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan d\u00fczenli ordu. D\u00fczenli ordu dediysek a\u011f\u0131r topu (15\u2019lik ob\u00fcs) 8-10 tane olan ve onlar da demirci d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131nda tamir olunan bir ordu\u00a0[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ve \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun durumunu \u00f6zetleyen bir istatistik (1928); T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Donanmas\u0131: iki z\u0131rhl\u0131 kruvaz\u00f6r (Yavuz, Turgut), iki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kruvaz\u00f6r (Hamidiye, Mecidiye), yirmi kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck torpido ve muhrip, on iki gambot[2]<\/a>, tahtelbahirler (denizalt\u0131)[3]<\/a>. Bir zamanlar Akdeniz\u2019i T\u00fcrk G\u00f6l\u00fc haline getiren donanman\u0131n bakiyesi\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz ve \u0130zmir\u2019de son\u2026 Ama \u0130zmir tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ekilen Yunan kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131rken \u0130zmir\u2019e giri\u015f\u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck Gazi de yang\u0131n halen devam ederken girer \u0130zmir\u2019e\u2026<\/p>\n

Her g\u00fcn\u00fc asra bedel \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l d\u00f6rt ay bitmi\u015ftir. Yeni ufuklar a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yi\u011fitlere kar\u015f\u0131 dikkat gerekir\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130zmir sonras\u0131 Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi (11 Ekim 1922)\u2026<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zetleyen en g\u00fczel c\u00fcmleler \u0130ngiliz Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Lloyd George\u2019ye ait (Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra, Manchester, \u0130ngiltere):<\/em>\u00a0\u201c\u2026Di\u011fer \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin \u00f6tesinde T\u00fcrk gibi birinci s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 bl\u00f6f yapmay\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe etmek iyi de\u011fildir. Bu oyun ancak korkaklara uygulan\u0131r\u2026[4]<\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ve nihayet \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Lozan kentinde toplanan konferans; tart\u0131\u015fmalar, kulisler, pazarl\u0131klar, pazarl\u0131klar\u2026<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da, daha toplan\u0131rken (13 Kas\u0131m 1922) ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fta (20 Kas\u0131m 1922) T\u00fcrk Heyeti dimdik duru\u015funu sergiler. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n bildirilen tarihten bir hafta sonraya habersizce ertelenmesi derhal bir nota ile uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Konferans a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reninde ev sahibi olarak \u0130svi\u00e7re Konfederasyon Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Robert Haab konu\u015fur, ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fdelegesi Lord Curzon. Lord Curzon\u2019un ard\u0131ndan t\u00f6renin bitmesi beklenirken, T\u00fcrk Ba\u015fdelegesi \u0130smet Pa\u015fa do\u011frudan k\u00fcrs\u00fcye gelerek bir nutuk irat eder. Bu nutukla \u0130smet Pa\u015fa, T\u00fcrk Devleti ve T\u00fcrklerin kimseden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 -hatta yukar\u0131da oldu\u011funu- d\u00fcnyaya ilan ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Bir manifesto niteli\u011finde olan bu konu\u015fma ile T\u00fcrk Co\u011frafyas\u0131nda i\u015flenen insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u katliam ve y\u0131k\u0131mlarla, bunu yapanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen savunma sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>; en yal\u0131n, en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve en ger\u00e7ek haliyle ortaya konuyor, \u201cEfendiler, \u00e7ok \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ektik, \u00e7ok kan ak\u0131tt\u0131k, b\u00fct\u00fcn medeni milletler gibi h\u00fcrriyet ve istiklal istiyoruz\u201d<\/em> deniliyordu\u2026<\/p>\n

Konferansta i\u015flerin \u00fc\u00e7 ana, be\u015f tali komisyonda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci komisyon; topraklar, askerlik ve Bo\u011fazlara ait konular, ba\u015fkan Lord Curzon\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci komisyon; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 usule ait konular (adli, ticari), ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130talya – Marki Garroni\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc komisyon; mali ve iktisadi meselelere ait (bor\u00e7lar ve kapit\u00fclasyonlar) konulard\u0131r ve ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fransa – Barere\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere herkes kendini en \u00e7ok ilgilendiren hususlar\u0131 kimseye b\u0131rakmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca tali komisyonlarda; Trakya, Trakya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Bo\u011fazlar, Musul meselesi, mali meseleler, zarar-ziyan tazminatlar\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve haberle\u015fme, ticaret, g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifeleri, ticaret gemileri, emlak, edebi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, g\u00fczel sanatlar, marka ve patentler, ekonomik meseleler (sava\u015f ve i\u015fgal devrine ait meseleler, T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan zapt edilen m\u00fclklerin geri verilmesi, yap\u0131lan bor\u00e7larla akdedilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u00f6denmesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Alman, Avusturya, Macar, Bulgar emlakinin tasfiyesi, terk edilen topraklardaki T\u00fcrk emlaki, sa\u011fl\u0131k meselesi konular\u0131 kora kor m\u00fczakere edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen konular\u0131 \u00f6zellikle yazd\u0131m, terk edilen T\u00fcrk emlaki hari\u00e7, bug\u00fcne ne kadar benziyor de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Ayr\u0131l\u0131k tohumlar\u0131 o g\u00fcnlerde de sulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Musul, Konferans\u0131n en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden birisidir. Lord Curzon \u201cK\u00fcrt Mebuslar\u201d<\/em> diyerek vurmak ister, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa derhal cevap verir: \u201cOnlar, Millet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Milletin hakiki ve samimi temsilcileridir\u201d<\/em>. D\u00f6nemin (K\u00fcrt) kahramanlar\u0131 da \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya destek telgraf\u0131 \u00e7ekerler.<\/p>\n

\u0130smet Pa\u015fa halk oylamas\u0131 ister. Lord Curzon: \u201cAraplar ve K\u00fcrtler cahildir, \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinde se\u00e7im sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmemi\u015flerdir. Bunlar sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirenin ba\u015f\u0131na atarlar\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verir. (Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n dikkatine)<\/em><\/p>\n

Musul\u2019dan sonra, ekonomik ve mali meseleler (bor\u00e7lar ve kapit\u00fclasyonlar) barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. 1854\u2019de al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan bor\u00e7, geriye alt\u0131n olarak ve hem de bizden ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n yerine de bizden istenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kapit\u00fclasyonlar da ayr\u0131 bir derttir. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131zda; evini i\u015fyerini arayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, ifadesini alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, yarg\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, cezas\u0131n\u0131 infaz edemedi\u011finiz, %8\u2019den fazla g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 ilgilendiren bir hususta kanun \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z vs. vs. bir dert\u2026 dert mi ki, illet\u2026<\/p>\n

Ve 4 \u015eubat 1923, imzaya dayat\u0131lan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2026 Hay\u0131r diyen onurlu bir Devlet ve verilen ara\u2026 \u0130kinci devresi 23 Nisan\u2019da ba\u015flayan bitmez t\u00fckenmez sinir harbi\u2026<\/p>\n

Lozan; askeri m\u00fccadele de\u011fildir. Bir siyasi m\u00fccadele devrinin hem neticesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda hem de ba\u015fka bir siyasi m\u00fccadele devrinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0 y\u0131llarca \u201cLozan Zafer mi Hezimet mi?\u201d Diye sorulmu\u015f olan soruyla bo\u011fu\u015ftu.\u00a0San\u0131yorum 1944 Olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesine bakmak, o olaylar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve siyasi m\u00fccadelenin do\u011fas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden pek de kolay olmad\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki Lozan, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f, \u201cirade-i milliyeye m\u00fcstenid, istiklali tam\u201d<\/em>, milli T\u00fcrk devletinin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. Sanki \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u00f6ncesi ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f gibi ya o g\u00fcnler unutulmu\u015f ya da \u00f6zellikle h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7ilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Sorulanlar hep netice \u00fczerineydi; Efendim, Musul ni\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, On \u0130ki Adalar ni\u00e7in terk edildi? B\u00f6yle ba\u015far\u0131 m\u0131 olur? <\/em>idi. Ama hi\u00e7 kimse Musul\u2019un gitmesine, \u0130mparatorluk topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131na, milyonlarca evlad-\u0131 vatan\u0131n \u015fehadetine veya sakat kalmas\u0131na sebep olan sava\u015fa giri\u015fimizi sorgulamamakta, sorgulasa da,\u00a0Lozan\u2019\u0131 konu\u015ftu\u011fu kadar Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019ya k\u0131yamamaktad\u0131r.<\/em> H\u00e2lbuki hal\u00e2 hi\u00e7 kimse sava\u015fa ni\u00e7in ve nas\u0131l girdi\u011fimizi tam olarak bilememektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015fa giri\u015f bir belgeye dayal\u0131 ya da bir belgeye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Umumi Harbe nas\u0131l ve ni\u00e7in girdi\u011fimize laf edilmez ama Lozan ac\u0131mas\u0131zca ele\u015ftirilir. Elbette ele\u015ftiri do\u011fald\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zaman da hakt\u0131r ama her \u015feyden \u00f6nce ba\u015fka bir hakk\u0131n teslimi de insaf\u0131n gere\u011fidir.\u00a0Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve ekibinin ba\u015ftan itibaren, her a\u015famada yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 Meclis\u2019e verdi\u011fi, yapacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de Meclis\u2019ten yetki istedi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>. Meclis Tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyenler nas\u0131l zorlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hemen g\u00f6r\u00fcvereceklerdir.<\/p>\n

Ne hazindir ki, Lozan\u2019dan \u00f6nce \u0130talyanlara b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f On \u0130ki Adalar\u2019\u0131n hesab\u0131 bile Lozan\u2019dan sorulur ama bizim olan 18 Adaya 15 y\u0131ld\u0131r Yunan Bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na, Vatan topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verilmesine, olan bitene g\u00f6z yumulmas\u0131na, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n oralara, pasaportuna Yunan m\u00fchr\u00fc vurdurarak turistik seyahat yapmas\u0131na da seslerini \u00e7\u0131karmazlar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lozan ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Lozan g\u00fcncellenmelidir diyenler ayn\u0131 zamanda Antla\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn maddelerini tart\u0131\u015fabileceklerini de s\u00f6ylemektedirler. G\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z da bunun i\u00e7indedir. Nitekim Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n son Yunanistan seyahatinde bu tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Lozan g\u00fcncellenmelidir<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6zlerine Yunan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 g\u00fcncellenemez<\/em> demi\u015f, Yunan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131<\/em> i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcncelleme tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir husus daha vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Heyeti taraf\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 bir stat\u00fc kazanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n maddeleri i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131na izin verilmeyen Fener Patrikli\u011fi konusudur. Patriklik, Heyetimiz taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0131srarlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ortodoks Hristiyanlar\u0131n dini i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sadece bir kilise olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir kilise ile idari ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Patrikhanenin durumu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir c\u00fcmleleri ile ek\u00fcmenlik yani egemenlik konusu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haliyle Patrikhanenin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan patrikleri yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na\u00a0g\u00f6z yumularak, fiili olarak ek\u00fcmenikli\u011fine\u00a0izin verilmi\u015f gibi olunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcncelleme ile de devlet i\u00e7inde devlet anlam\u0131na gelen uluslararas\u0131 yasal bir stat\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir ki buna raz\u0131 olmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Yoksulluk ve hukuksuzluk cenderesindeki millet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cihan Harbi\u2019nin sebepleri i\u00e7inde say\u0131lan kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bile ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir zaferdir. Harpte m\u00fcttefikimiz olan Almanya dahi kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015fta kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ancak 1916\u2019da kabul etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019a s\u00f6z ederken, Tekalif-i Milliye Kanunu ile her aileye \u201ciki don, iki atlet, iki \u00e7orap\u201d<\/em> y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn getirildi\u011fini unutmamak icap eder. Yirmi birinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u201cBiz Bu Vatan\u0131 \u00d6yle Kurtard\u0131k\u201d<\/em> c\u00fcmlesi ile \u00c7anakkale\u2019deki iki askerin perme peri\u015fan halini bir milli duygu \u015fahlan\u0131\u015f\u0131na vesile k\u0131lanlar, dantelli \u00f6rt\u00fcleri kefen diye v\u00fccutlar\u0131na saranlar, Necip Faz\u0131l\u2019\u0131n Sakarya Destan\u0131 da olmasa \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 anmayacaklard\u0131r. Hatta, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6reve ba\u015flama t\u00f6reni ve 15 Temmuz hain darbe giri\u015fiminin y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali Erba\u015f\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u201cBedir\u2019den \u00c7anakkale\u2019ye, 15 Temmuz\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehitlerimizi rahmetle an\u0131yoruz\u2026\u201d<\/em> duaya, ba\u015fta Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmak \u00fczere herkes \u201camin\u201d<\/em> demi\u015f ve hi\u00e7 kimse sesini \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etekleri alt\u0131nda oturup, topraklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131p ba\u015fkalar\u0131na veren Sevr\u2019i Saltanat \u015euras\u0131<\/em> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplananlara onaylat\u0131p, i\u015fgale ve esarete ba\u015fkald\u0131ranlar\u0131 da ihanet<\/em>le su\u00e7lama kolayc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeyken; e\u015flerinden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan y\u0131llarca ayr\u0131 kal\u0131p sava\u015fanlar kahramanl\u0131k, yi\u011fitlik, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k ve feragat timsalidirler.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k yoklu\u011fun i\u00e7inde s\u00fcren ve zaferle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan sava\u015fta, yanm\u0131\u015f, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bitap ve viran bir \u00fclkenin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mecburiyetlerdir.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 kahraman\u0131, Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutan\u0131, Lozan Ba\u015fdelegesi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ve \u0130kinci Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 merhum \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Lozan\u2019\u0131 anlatan en \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zleri:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00dcTECAN\u0130S, YEKNESAK B\u0130R VATAN, bunun d\u00e2hilinde harice kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fu gayritabi\u00ee kuyuttan ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7inde h\u00fck\u00fcmet ifade eden d\u00e2hili imtiyazattan m\u00fcberra bir vaziyeti gayritabi\u00ee m\u00fckellefiyat\u0131 maliyeden azade bir hal, HAKKI M\u00dcDAFAASI MUTLAK, menabii mebzul ve SERBEST B\u0130R VATAN. BU VATANIN ADI T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019D\u0130R.[5]<\/strong><\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Heyet, her s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a imdada ko\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck kahraman Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve Lozan\u2019da durmadan, dinlenmeden, uyumadan sinir harbi veren heyet \u00fcyeleri ve uzmanlara, Onlar\u0131 sab\u0131rla bekleyen ve desteklerini fedak\u00e2rca veren e\u015fleri han\u0131mefendilere \u015f\u00fckran ve rahmet\u2026<\/p>\n

Ve \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019dan bug\u00fcne bir ders: \u201dLord Curzon\u2019un bana verdi\u011fi bir dersi s\u00f6yleyeyim:\u00a0\u2019Memnun de\u011filiz Lozan muahedesinin m\u00fczakeresinden. Hi\u00e7 bir dedi\u011fimizi yapt\u0131ramad\u0131k. Reddettiklerinizin hepsini cebimize at\u0131yoruz. Harap bir memleket al\u0131yorsunuz, bunu kalk\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in mutlaka paraya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var. Bu paray\u0131 almak i\u00e7in gelip diz \u00e7\u00f6keceksiniz. Cebime att\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n hepsini \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131m size\u2019\u00a0diyordu Lord Curzon,\u00a0\u2018Hepsini verece\u011fim size\u2026\u2019.[6]<\/strong><\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ne dersiniz -y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra-<\/em> bu tarihin bu dersini alabildik mi? Ya da \u201cLozan, Zafer mi Hezimet mi?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/em><\/a> Ne garip de\u011fil mi? Koca Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Cihan \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Padi\u015fah M\u00fchr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ferman \u0130ngiliz komiser taraf\u0131ndan vize ediliyor ve bir general ile heyeti ancak seyahat edebiliyor.<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/em><\/a>*<\/em> Bazen Cennetmek\u00e2n Karabekir Pa\u015fa gibi \u201cDeli\u201dler \u00e7\u0131kar,\u00a0 askerini e\u015fk\u0131ya k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sokarak toplanan silahlar\u0131n\u0131 trenden \u00e7alarak geri al\u0131rlar, sonra da \u201ckim yapm\u0131\u015f yahu\u201d diye etraf\u0131na bak\u0131p \u0131sl\u0131k \u00e7alarlar\u2026 Trajikomik bir macera\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/em> \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 50. Y\u0131l Konu\u015fmas\u0131, TTK.\u00a0<\/em>http:\/\/www.belgenet.com\/arsiv\/lozan80.html<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/em> Gambot, bir veya birka\u00e7 silah\u0131 bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sava\u015f gemilerinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Terim olarak ilk 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tam niteli\u011fi belirsiz bir kavram olarak bir\u00e7ok gemi tipi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> T\u00fcrk Y\u0131l\u0131 1928, TTK Bas\u0131mevi, S 89. (T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131 1928 Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura organizasyonunda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201csalname\u201d)<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> Lozan, Ali Naci KARACAN, \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, S 28.<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n TBMM\u2019ne Sunu\u015f Konu\u015fmas\u0131, <\/em>http:\/\/www.belgenet.com\/arsiv\/inonu_230823.html<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 50. Y\u0131l Konu\u015fmas\u0131, TTK. <\/em>http:\/\/www.belgenet.com\/arsiv\/lozan80.html<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn g\u00fcncellenmek istenen Lozan\u2019da neler oldu? Lozan, bir milletin yokluk, yoksulluk hukuksuzluk i\u00e7inde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 destan. G\u00fcncelleme nas\u0131l bir sonu\u00e7 getirir? Fener Rum Patrikhanesine hangi stat\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131lmak istenmektedir? Lozan zafer mi hezimet mi?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":2914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,67,68],"tags":[],"coauthors":[28],"class_list":["post-2908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-tehditler","category-turkluk-turkculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2908"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2908"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}