![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/F\u0131rat-Dicle2.png\")
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Su hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezidir. O kadar ki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yoklu\u011fu, k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, depolanmas\u0131, kullan\u0131m\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, nakli, kirlenmesi, ticareti, ula\u015f\u0131m, enerji ve g\u0131da \u00fcretimindeki rol\u00fc, sanal su ticareti ve daha bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fc ile hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hemen her alan\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Enerji, g\u0131da ve madenlere talep artt\u0131k\u00e7a suyun kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki rekabet de artmaktad\u0131r. Su y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en stratejik do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kaynak bu derece stratejik olunca, her \u00fclke i\u00e7in ve \u00f6zellikle de suyun k\u0131t oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyadaki \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in mill\u00ee bir hidrostrateji geli\u015ftirmek de o kadar \u00f6nemli olmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n
Su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken 29 \u00fclkenin 13’\u00fc Ortado\u011fu\u2019dad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada 2,7 milyar ki\u015finin y\u0131lda en az bir ay \u00e7ok ciddi su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler<\/em> su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek suyla uyumlu, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler<\/em> suyla m\u00fccadele ederek, geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeler<\/em> ise suyun tutsa\u011f\u0131 olarak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar (4-D.Y\u0131ld\u0131z)<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden y\u00fczy\u0131l kadar \u00f6nceleri bile bu co\u011frafyada su \u00f6nemli idi ki, Kuveyt, Katar ve Bahreyn\u2019de su aran\u0131rken petrol bulunmu\u015ftur. Petrol ge\u00e7ici, su kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu yaz\u0131da su konusunu sadece F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirlerimiz ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m. Onu da teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara ve istatistiki verilere bo\u011fmadan, sadece k\u0131y\u0131da\u015f \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerimiz ve b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na yer verilen dar bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye yerle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Zira, gerek k\u00fcresel odaklar\u0131n F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u00fczerinden egemenlik haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7malar\u0131 ve gerekse son y\u0131llarda k\u0131y\u0131da\u015f \u00fclkeler olan Irak ve Suriye\u2019deki su yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesi konuyu daha da karma\u015f\u0131k hale getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyada s\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan 263 nehir var. F\u0131rat, Dicle, Asi, \u00c7oruh, Aras nehirlerimiz s\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan sudur.<\/p>\n F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu; 955 km’si T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 559 km’si Suriye\u2019de, 815 km’si Irak\u2019ta olmak \u00fczere 2330 km’dir. Ortalama debisi 1000 m3\/sn, y\u0131ll\u0131k verim 35 milyar m3’t\u00fcr. Bunun 31,6’s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, 4,0’\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye aittir.<\/p>\n Dicle\u2019nin uzunlu\u011fu; 523 km’si T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olmak \u00fczere F\u0131rat\u2019a kavu\u015fana kadar 1840 km’dir. Cizre\u2019de 30 km. s\u0131n\u0131r olu\u015fturur ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 terk eder. Ortalama debisi 1087 m3\/sn’dir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k verim, 52,7 milyar m3 olup, bunun 21,3 milyar m3’\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, 31,4 milyar m3’\u00fc ise Irak\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n \u0130ki nehir birle\u015ftikten 180 mm. sonra Basra k\u00f6rfezine ula\u015f\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda iki nehir \u015eatt\u00fclarap Nehri<\/em>\u2019nin kollar\u0131d\u0131rlar ve teknik olarak da Irak\u2019taki Tartar Kanal\u0131 ile birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f tek bir havzad\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u0131n\u0131ra\u015fan sular\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir: <\/u><\/p>\n a-Mutlak h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em> (Harmon kural\u0131): Di\u011fer k\u0131y\u0131da\u015f \u00fclkelere verece\u011fi zarara bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, su kullan\u0131m \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmak.<\/p>\n b-Mutlak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em>: Yukar\u0131dakinin tam tersi olarak, s\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan suyun do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyeti yasaklamay\u0131 savunan bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f,<\/p>\n c-S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: <\/em>Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri sulardan faydalan\u0131rken birbirlerine zarar vermemelidirler.<\/p>\n d-Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 haklar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em>: Egemen devletler aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 haklar s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Federe devletler aras\u0131nda uygulanabilir bir kurald\u0131r<\/p>\n e-Uluslararas\u0131 sular\u0131n ortak y\u00f6netilmesi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em>: Hak\u00e7a bir y\u00f6ntemle havzan\u0131n ortak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Havza baz\u0131nda ortak projeler geli\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, tam uymasa bile, buna yak\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla, muhataplar\u0131na 3 a\u015famal\u0131 bir plan \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyadaki 263 s\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan nehrin 157’sinde hi\u00e7bir anla\u015fma yoktur. Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ikili anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 ya da daha fazla \u00fclkenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 106 havzadan sadece 5 tanesinde \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fma imzalanabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00dclkeler su haklar\u0131n\u0131 ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirip kendilerini ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmalara yana\u015fmamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm havzalara uygulanacak genel bir \u015fablon yoktur. \u201cD\u00fcnya su forumu\u201d bu konuda alt\u0131 temel prensip ortaya koymu\u015ftur: 1-Siyasi istek ve g\u00fcven 2-Sorunun tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, ama\u00e7 ve hedefler konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi 3-Sorunun tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in veri 4-Y\u00f6ntemde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k 5-Siyasi taahh\u00fct 6-Yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve<\/p>\n F\u0131rat\u2019a %10 katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan Suriye, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n suyunun % 35’ini, Hi\u00e7 katk\u0131s\u0131 olmayan Irak, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n %66’s\u0131n\u0131 talep etmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ise do\u011fal olarak, \u00a0%51’ini kullanmak istemektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam talebi, %152,8 olup, payla\u015f\u0131m probleminin kayna\u011f\u0131 da buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Keban Baraj\u0131\u2019n\u0131n temeli 12 Haziran 1966’da at\u0131ld\u0131. Keban Baraj\u0131 ve Suriye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck baraj\u0131 olan Tabka, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l dolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0 Keban dolarken Suriye\u2019ye 350 m3\/sn su verildi. Daha sonra 450 m3\/sn’ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Tabka\u2019n\u0131n dolum a\u015famas\u0131nda Suriye Irak\u2019a su b\u0131rakmad\u0131. Irak sava\u015fa karar verdi. Suudi Arabistan ve Sovyetler’in giri\u015fimi ile sava\u015f ancak \u00f6nlenebildi.<\/p>\n 1980’de T\u00fcrkiye Irak aras\u0131nda Karma ekonomik Komisyonu<\/em>(KEK) ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Ortak Teknik Komite<\/em>(OTK) kurulmu\u015f, 1982’de T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak bir araya gelmi\u015f, 1983’te Suriye de kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990’da K\u00f6rfez sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle ara verilen OTK toplant\u0131lar\u0131, 12 Haziran 2005’te Suriye\u2019nin teklifi ile 2008 de tekrar i\u015flerlik kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Atat\u00fcrk baraj\u0131nda bir \u201cSu enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da genellikle su eksikli\u011finden s\u00f6z edilir ama, esas eksik olan g\u00fcven eksikli\u011fidir. So\u011fuk sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin g\u00fcven eksikli\u011fi, ak\u0131lc\u0131 olmayan Ortado\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imi ve k\u00fcresel etkilerle OTK’lar hedefine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1980-90 aras\u0131nda bir dizi kriz ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda Prof.\u00a0Ali \u0130hsan Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f<\/em> \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201d ..Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler hala g\u00fc\u00e7 politikas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve egemenli\u011fin yok olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde telakki edilmektedir\u201d (1-A.\u0130.Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f)<\/p>\n 17 Temmuz 1987’de Ba\u015fbakan \u00d6zal<\/em>\u2019\u0131n emri ile Suriye\u2019ye verilecek su 500 m3\/sn’ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca olu\u015facak eksikli\u011fin sonraki aylarda tamamlanaca\u011f\u0131 da taahh\u00fct edilmi\u015ftir. DS\u0130\u2019nin bunun teknik olarak ileriki y\u0131llarda sorun olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini rapor etmesine ra\u011fmen, siyasi bir karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bunu da 1990’da kendi aralar\u0131nda %42 Suriye, %58 Irak olmak \u00fczere payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Suriye\u2019ye verilen 500 m3\/sn su, 1997’de KEK karar\u0131 olarak kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Bu karar\u0131n siyasal istikrar ve s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bundan beklenen faydan\u0131n da sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Suriye, Irak ve uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, bu miktar\u0131 da yeterli g\u00f6rmeyip art\u0131rmak istemektedirler.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019ye ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Suriye ve Irak, bu sular\u0131, \u201duluslararas\u0131 su\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamakta dolay\u0131s\u0131yla e\u015fit egemenli\u011fi ve payla\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak istemektedirler. Ortak kaynak olarak g\u00f6rmektedirler. Matematiksel payla\u015f\u0131m ve bunun bir anla\u015fmaya ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektedirler. GAP\u2019\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici fonksiyonunu ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 plan\u0131 kabul etmemektedirler. Her \u00fclkenin kendi verilerinin (beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n) kabul edilmesini istemektedirler. Suriye ve Irak verimsiz topraklarda sulaman\u0131n kendileri i\u00e7in de bir kay\u0131p oldu\u011funu bildikleri halde, bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme takti\u011fi olarak daima sulama suyu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 abartmaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkiye \u201cTahsis<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken Irak ve Suriye \u201cTaksim\/payla\u015f\u0131m<\/em>\u201d ilkesini savunmaktad\u0131r. Bu arada Suriye\u2019nin istedi\u011fi 1\/3,1\/3,1\/3 oran\u0131ndaki matematiksel payla\u015f\u0131m uluslararas\u0131 hukuk komisyonunca reddedilmi\u015ftir. Zira s\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan sular b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclebilir kaynak olarak kabul edilmemektedir (8-T.C.D\u0131\u015f.\u0130\u015f.Bak.Sy-27)<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye, iki nehrin bir havza oldu\u011funu, Dicle\u2019nin ak\u0131m fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bir kanalla F\u0131rat\u2019a aktar\u0131labilece\u011fini iddia ederken, Irak iki nehrin ayr\u0131 havzalar oldu\u011funu iddia etmekte ve Dicle\u2019den F\u0131rat\u2019a su \u00e7ekilmesine \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Suriye ayr\u0131ca Hatay\u2019\u0131n kendi topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, %98’ini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asi Nehri\u2019nin g\u00fcndeme getirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ise F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019yi \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan su\u201d olarak nitelemekte, matematiksel payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 reddetmekte, GAP\u2019\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici fonksiyonunu savunmakta, sundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 plana g\u00f6re, toprak ve su kaynaklar\u0131 verilerinin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin uzmanlar\u0131nca tespitini istemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ayr\u0131ca, havza d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelerin de su sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere, Ceyhan\u2019dan boru hatt\u0131 ile Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131na kadar uzanacak \u201cBar\u0131\u015f suyu projesi<\/u>\u201d ile Manavgat \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019ndan balonlarla \u00dcrd\u00fcn, \u0130srail ve Filistin\u2019e su ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u201cManavgat Suyu Projesi<\/u>\u201dni sunmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle her iki proje de kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da su sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n genel nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1-Suyun b\u00f6lgede dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131,<\/p>\n 2-Ortalaman\u0131n \u00fczerinde n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 (% 2,8)<\/p>\n 3-Y\u00fckselen hayat standard\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 artan su ihtiyac\u0131,<\/p>\n 4-Suyu tar\u0131msal alandan end\u00fcstriyel alana ve i\u00e7 kullan\u0131ma \u00e7evirebilecek irade zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n 5-G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini su g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ba\u011flayan yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f,<\/p>\n 6-Suyu korumak ve israf\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in teknoloji ve alt yap\u0131 eksikli\u011fi (\u0130srail ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn hari\u00e7),<\/p>\n 7-Suyun politik kazan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in istismar edilmesi,<\/p>\n 8-Sorunlu sular \u00fczerinde i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lamamas\u0131,<\/p>\n 9-\u0130stikrars\u0131z rejimler, zay\u0131f politik irade ve g\u00fcvensizlik,<\/p>\n 10-Yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun uluslararas\u0131 kurallar ve anla\u015fmalar.(5-E.Acar)<\/p>\n 1918 ve 1994 aras\u0131ndaki 76 y\u0131lda 412 uluslararas\u0131 kriz incelenmi\u015f sadece yedisinin do\u011frudan suya eri\u015fimle ilgili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.(3-D.Y\u0131ld\u0131z)<\/p>\n \u0130srail ile Araplar aras\u0131nda 1948’den beri meydana gelen t\u00fcm s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n mutlaka bir de su boyutu vard\u0131r ama, Haziran 1967’deki \u00a0\u201calt\u0131 g\u00fcn sava\u015f\u0131\u201d ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201cSu Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak kabul edilir. \u00dcrd\u00fcn Nehrinin Golan tepelerindeki Hasbani, Dan ve Baninas kollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc, yeralt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131 (akiferlerin) s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn nehrine ula\u015fma ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim, bu sava\u015ftaki \u0130srail savunma bakan\u0131 Moshe Dayan,<\/em> su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in bu sava\u015fa girdiklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u0130kincisi su sava\u015f\u0131 ise, \u00a0\u0130srail\u2019in 1982’de G\u00fcney L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgalidir ki, bundaki ama\u00e7 da Litani nehrinden su \u00e7ekmektir.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da suyun ve su kaynaklar\u0131na m\u00fcdahalenin sava\u015f nedeni olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen tek devlet \u0130srail\u2019dir. \u0130srail kuruldu\u011fundan beri, daima su ve sava\u015f kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte ele alarak, kendine bir su g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Keban Baraj\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda ABD kalk\u0131nma ajans\u0131n\u0131n kredi anla\u015fmas\u0131nda dikte ettirdi\u011fi \u015fartlardan biri, F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3’\u00fcne tekab\u00fcl eden 350 m3\/sn suyun Suriye\u2019ye verilmesiydi.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye 1967\u2019deki \u201cAlt\u0131 g\u00fcn Sava\u015f\u0131\u201dnda kaybedilen yerleri almak i\u00e7in 1973’de \u0130srail\u2019e tekrar sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Ancak kaybedilenleri alamad\u0131lar. 1978 Camp-David Zirvesi ile M\u0131s\u0131r-\u0130srail bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, ancak anla\u015fmazl\u0131k devam etmi\u015ftir. 30 Ekim 1991’de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bush\u2019<\/em>un giri\u015fimi ile \u201cMadrid Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u201d toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki 5 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubundan biri de \u201csu kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubudur\u201d<\/p>\n Bu grubun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonunda kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak, T\u00fcrkiye \u201cSu Zengini\u201d bir \u00fclke olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, taraf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda toplanan bar\u0131\u015f konferans\u0131 platformunda, ulusal do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Madrid Konferans\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201csu kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu\u201d, toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini 7-9 Aral\u0131k 1994’te Atina\u2019da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Havza ile hi\u00e7bir ilgisi bulunmayan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fmanca emeller besleyen Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n etkinli\u011fi manidar olup, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin sular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 buland\u0131rma niyetlerinin ilk belirtileridir.<\/p>\n Urfa T\u00fcnellerinin in\u015faat\u0131na 1977’de ba\u015fland\u0131, 476 bin hektarl\u0131k alan\u0131n sulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Keban baraj\u0131n\u0131n tamamen hidroelektrik ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Atat\u00fcrk baraj\u0131ndan Urfa T\u00fcnelleri ile sulama yap\u0131lacak olmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131da\u015flar\u0131 tela\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131. \u00a0\u0130\u015fte bu tarihten itibaren F\u0131rat ve Dicle Ortado\u011fu g\u00fcndemine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da k\u00fcresel strateji merkezlerinin g\u00fcndemine girdi. Bundan sonra sava\u015f senaryolar\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Suriye ve Irak konuyu daima uluslararas\u0131 platforma \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi, bundan b\u00f6yle hi\u00e7 su verilmeyece\u011fi gibi, kendi kamuoylar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yalan haberler \u00fcrettiler.<\/p>\n Su sava\u015f\u0131 senaryolar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 genelde ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019dir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019da su i\u00e7in sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren iki odaktan biri \u0130srail, di\u011feri de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019d\u0131r. \u015eimdi bu odaklar\u0131n sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rtkanl\u0131klar\u0131na baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler verelim;<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki her olaya dar kat\u0131 k\u00f6\u015feli siyasi anlay\u0131\u015fla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tipik \u00f6rneklerinden biri \u201dSu ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130stikrars\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde N. Beschorner<\/em>\u2019in \u201c\u2026Ak\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi (GAP kapsam\u0131ndaki barajlar kastediliyor) hidrolojik y\u00f6nden faydal\u0131, politik y\u00f6nden ge\u00e7ersizdir\u201d ifadesidir.(2-D.Y\u0131d\u0131z)<\/p>\n BM genel Sekreteri Kofi Annan<\/em> 2001’de \u201cDikkatli olmaz ve \u00f6nlem almazsak gelecek y\u00fczy\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131 petrol y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fil, su y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.\u201d beyan\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n CIA Stratejik ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezi 1986’da bir rapor haz\u0131rlay\u0131p \u015fu kehanette bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da gelecekteki bir sava\u015f, Nil, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve F\u0131rat nehirlerinin sular\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.(Tempo Dergisi 10-16 Haziran 1986)<\/p>\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin 2006’da haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201csu raporu\u201dnda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2025’de su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekece\u011fi, 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta tarlalarda ekin yeti\u015femez hale gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in, Irak ve Suriye\u2019nin \u201chi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden\u201d T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki barajlara f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 yapabileceklerinden s\u00f6z edilmektedir. (\u00d6zer F. 6-10-2005-Petrogaz Enerji dergisi-Sy 212-13)<\/p>\n Hayfa \u00dcniversitesinden Prof. Armon Sofer <\/em>1990’da \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kacak\u201d demi\u015ftir. (Milliyet 31 Ekim 1990)<\/p>\n \u0130srail \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi lideri \u015eimon Perez,<\/em> ba\u015fbakan Turgut \u00d6zal<\/em>\u2019<\/strong>a bundan sonraki Ortado\u011fu sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n toprak y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fil, su y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. (Cumhuriyet-12 Haziran 1991)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u0130zhak Rabin<\/em> ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturdu\u011funda \u201cUmar\u0131m ki su sorunu silahla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez\u201d demi\u015ftir.(22 Aral\u0131k 1992 Sabah)<\/p>\n 23 Aral\u0131k 2009’da T\u00fcrkiye ile Suriye aras\u0131nda 51 konuda ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma protokol\u00fc<\/em> haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, iki \u00fclke i\u015fbirli\u011finin doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, ABD kamu radyosu NPR 11 Ocak 20102daki yay\u0131n\u0131nda; \u201dOrtado\u011fu\u2019nun en vahim su krizi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u00fczerinde dev baraj \u015febekesi kurdu\u011funu, bunun Suriye ve Irak\u2019\u0131n suyunu %50 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin su konusunda s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ve T\u00fcrk-Arap gerginli\u011finin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yorumlayarak, 15 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye ile Suriye\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015flerdir.(3-D.Y\u0131ld\u0131z)<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da su i\u00e7in sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rtkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan en sansasyonel kitap, \u201csu sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131d\u0131r.(6- j. Bulloch ve A. Darwish). Kitab\u0131n yazarlardan Bulloch<\/em> sular\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile Araplar aras\u0131nda bir silah olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahiptir. Darwish<\/em>\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ise M\u0131s\u0131r d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 ve eski BM genel sekreteri Boutros Ghali <\/em>\u015fekillendirir. Ghali<\/em>\u2019nin amac\u0131, Nil Nehrinin ak\u0131\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 (mansap) \u00fclkesi olan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini etkin k\u0131lmak ve ak\u0131\u015f yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki(memba), Sudan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 vermektir. \u0130ngiltere 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sudan\u2019\u0131n mandateri s\u0131fat\u0131yla Nil sular\u0131 i\u00e7in ak\u0131\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r ile bir payla\u015f\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 fazlaca g\u00f6zeten bu anla\u015fma, ak\u0131\u015f yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeleri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokmaktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r o avantaj\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmemek i\u00e7in her f\u0131rsatta su sava\u015f\u0131 tehditleri savurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u015ftan sona sava\u015f k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan kitapta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in su kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131n verdi\u011fi g\u00fcc\u00fc kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle, 1990 Ocak ay\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehrinin sular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 haftadan fazla keserek, bu noktay\u0131 vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmektedir. Ancak ger\u00e7ek tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r \u015f\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131n\u0131n ilk dolumu esnas\u0131nda dip savaklar\u0131n bir ay s\u00fcreyle kapal\u0131 kalarak suyun kesilmesi teknik bir zorunluluktur. Bu durumdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131da\u015flar haberdar edilmi\u015f ve gelecekte olu\u015facak bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 telafi etmek \u00fczere, 23 Kas\u0131m 1989 dan sonra her g\u00fcn 500 m3\/sn yerine, 830 m3\/sn su b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kitapta Atat\u00fcrk baraj\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Suriye devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Haf\u0131z Esad<\/em>\u2019\u0131n baraja f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun zor oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131nca da PKK kart\u0131n\u0131 oynamaya karar verdi\u011fi iddia edilir. Keza, S\u00fcleyman Demirel<\/em>\u2019in \u201cSu bizim, petrol Araplar\u0131n\u201d diyerek k\u00f6t\u00fc polis rol\u00fcn\u00fc, Turgut \u00d6zal<\/em>\u2019\u0131n ise \u201cbar\u0131\u015f suyu\u201d \u00f6nererek, iyi polis rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yer al\u0131r. Kitap, \u201csu sava\u015flar\u0131 yoldad\u0131r\u201d ifadesi ile sona erer.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131da siyasi \u00e7evreler sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rtkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaparken tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilen bilim \u00e7evrelerinin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 farkl\u0131 olup, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi’nden Prof Julie Trottier <\/em>2003’te \u015f\u00f6yle der; \u201cSu sava\u015flar\u0131 egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n hegemonyalar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yararland\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u0131srarla yayd\u0131klar\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r\u201d(3-D.Y\u0131ld\u0131z)<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7ler, \u201cbundan sonra sava\u015flar\u0131n k\u0131tla\u015fan sudan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131\u201d yalan\u0131 ile kontroll\u00fc gerginlik yaratarak, su manivelas\u0131 ile manevra alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek ve hegemonyalar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek istemektedirler.<\/p>\n AB ilk olarak 14 Nisan 2003 kat\u0131l\u0131m ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgesinde \u201c\u00c7evre\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda sular konusuna de\u011finerek, AB’nin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlar;<\/p>\n -\u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi Su \u00c7er\u00e7eve Direktifi\u201d(S\u00c7D),<\/p>\n – \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan su yollar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6llere ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d,<\/p>\n -\u201cS\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan boyutta \u00e7evresel etkilerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d.<\/p>\n Oysa T\u00fcrkiye bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin hi\u00e7 birine taraf de\u011fildir. Kat\u0131l\u0131m ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal programda; s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin tam \u00fcyelikle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi belirtilerek ertelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n AB’nin 3 Ekim 2005’te kabul edilen m\u00fczakere \u00e7er\u00e7eve belgesinde \u201culuslararas\u0131 konular\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fu ifadelere yer verilmektedir:<\/p>\n \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da su, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda giderek artan bi\u00e7imde stratejik bir konu haline gelecektir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB ye kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla beraber su kaynaklar\u0131 ve altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n (F\u0131rat ve Dicle Nehirleri ve \u00fczerindeki baraj ve sulama tesislerinin) \u0130srail ve ona kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve y\u00f6netiminin AB i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir mesele haline gelmesi beklenebilir\u201d<\/p>\n AB belgelerinde, \u00fcyelik halinde F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirleri ile bunlar \u00fczerindeki barajlar\u0131n ve sulama tesislerinin idaresinin uluslararas\u0131 y\u00f6netime b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve bu konuda kom\u015fular ve \u0130srail ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’den istenece\u011fine yer verilmektedir. \u00a0\u201cOrtak bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu\u201dna \u0130ran ve \u0130srail dahil edilerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck desteklenmektedir. Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re AB \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fturulacak uluslararas\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan sular konusunda yaln\u0131zca kom\u015fular\u0131na su ak\u0131tan bir \u00fclke de\u011fildir. Aras, Meri\u00e7, Tunca vb. bir\u00e7ok akarsu da ba\u015fka \u00fclke topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00fclkemize ak\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte o akarsularla ilgili sorunlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve gelecekte de \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Ancak, nedense AB bunlar\u0131 kendine dert edinmiyor ve \u00fcyelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde bunlarla ilgili ko\u015fullar \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fcyor. Ama konu Orta Do\u011fu olunca akarsular\u0131n y\u00f6netiminin kendine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 olmazsa olmaz say\u0131yor.<\/p>\n AB neden F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019nin y\u00f6netiminde \u0130srail\u2019in de yer almas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor? Su i\u00e7in her f\u0131rsatta sava\u015fan \u0130srail\u2019i F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019nin y\u00f6netimine dahil etmek, b\u00f6lgede i\u015fbirli\u011fini baltalay\u0131p, gerginli\u011fi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaz m\u0131? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u201cArap-\u0130srail\u201d gerginli\u011fine bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kimin yarar\u0131nad\u0131r? AB’nin F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019ye ilgisini, \u00a0Sevr’de yer alan \u201cErmenistan\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u201d veya Tevrat\u2019taki \u201cvadedilmi\u015f topraklar\u201d ile ili\u015fkilendirmek, fazla komplocu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m m\u0131 olur? Herkes kendince yorumlas\u0131n.<\/p>\n Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi 23 Aral\u0131k 2009’da \u015eam\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131, 51 ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma protokol\u00fc<\/em> imzalad\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye, 2009’da kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle Suriye ve Irak kendisinden fazla su istedi\u011finde, barajlardaki kritik seviyelere (Atat\u00fcrk baraj\u0131ndaki aktif dolulu\u011fu %18’den\u00a0 %9,5 seviyelerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr)ra\u011fmen fazla su vererek, suyun hegemonya de\u011fil i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu arada Suriye de y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uzla\u015fmaz tutumundan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaparak, T\u00fcrkiye ile yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc \u015eam protokollerini imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n konumuzla ili\u015fkili olanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>\n 22 nolu protokol: \u201dKurakl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair\u201d<\/p>\n 49 nolu protokol: \u201cSuriye\u2019nin sulama ama\u00e7l\u0131 Dicle Nehrinden su \u00e7ekmesine dair\u201d<\/p>\n 50 nolu protokol: \u201cAsi Nehri \u00fczerinde ortak baraj yap\u0131m\u0131na dair\u201d (T.C. Resmi Gazete)<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Suriye \u0130li\u015fkilerinin uzla\u015fmazl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p i\u015fbirli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinde planlar yapan \u0130srail ve uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri rahats\u0131z etmi\u015ftir. \u015eam protokollerinden 14 ay sonra Asi Nehri \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrkiye ile Suriye ortak baraj temeli att\u0131lar. Bir ay sonra, Mart 2011 de Suriye kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Zamanlama manidar de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n Su i\u00e7in sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131na ihtimal veren bir\u00e7ok insana kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnya barajlar komisyonu ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131 eski bakan Kader Asmal<\/em>, su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n suyun \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle, do\u011fal olarak d\u00fc\u015fman kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri bile di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131 da a\u015farak i\u015fbirli\u011fine y\u00f6neltti\u011fini ifade eder.<\/p>\n Petrol, madenler gibi yenilenemeyen kaynaklar talan edilebilir, uzak mesafelere ta\u015f\u0131nabilir ama suyu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerinde kullanmak ve payla\u015fmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. Bir nehrin tamam\u0131na sahip olsan\u0131z da oradakilere su vermek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. Su temel bir insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle sava\u015f de\u011fil bar\u0131\u015f nedeni olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, Irak ve Suriye \u00fclkelerinin ve halklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan sular konusunda \u00fczerinde anla\u015famayacaklar\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fen \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 yoktur ama herkes kendini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in de, su sorunu kimsenin sahiplenmedi\u011fi bir yetim <\/em>konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Su vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof.\u00a0Zekai \u015een<\/em>,<\/strong> Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Su Meselesi ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/em> sempozyumundaki bildirisinde \u015fu tespitleri yapar;<\/p>\n \u201cB\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin asgari m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7\u0131karlarda bile bir araya gelemeyi\u015fleri, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin i\u015ftahlar\u0131n\u0131 kabartmaktad\u0131r\u2026B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmalar, ne kadar zay\u0131f olursa veya s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede tutulursa, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin Ortado\u011fu su sorununa burunlar\u0131n\u0131 sokarak \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flamalar\u0131 o kadar fazla olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye kom\u015fular\u0131 ile olan su ili\u015fkilerinde daima olumlu ve yap\u0131c\u0131 bir tutum sergilemi\u015ftir. Bu durum su vanalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek isteyen g\u00fc\u00e7lerce yeterince desteklenmemi\u015ftir. Hatta g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015ftir. F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131na zaman zaman 700-800 m3\/sn su verilmesindeki iyi niyet bile, mevcut saplant\u0131lar\u0131n terk edilmesine yetmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6lgedeki uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerdeki belirleyici unsur \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7\u201d fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, b\u00f6lge ili\u015fkilerinde en belirgin unsur ise \u201cg\u00fcvensizlik\u201d tir.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da su ve sava\u015f ili\u015fkisine en ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 \u0130srail\u2019li hidroloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc Uri Shamir<\/em> getirir: \u201cBar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in bir siyasal niyet varsa, su sorunu sizi engellemez, sava\u015fmak i\u00e7i neden ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z su size iyi bir f\u0131rsat verir.\u201d(3-D.Y\u0131ld\u0131z)<\/p>\n Su sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kazanan taraf\u0131 olsan\u0131z bile su, kaybedenle de birlikte kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Su i\u00e7in sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131karsa uygun kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Su y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan sava\u015f\u0131n mutlaka ba\u015fka siyasi nedenleri de vard\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki sudaki i\u015fbirli\u011fi, di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilecektir.<\/p>\n Ortado\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara ve \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 siyasal \u00e7eki\u015fmelere sahne olan bir co\u011frafyad\u0131r. Kar\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7oktur, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131 \u00e7oktur, kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lan yaralar\u0131n ka\u015f\u0131yan\u0131 \u00e7oktur. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da di\u011fer siyasi konular gibi, su sorunu da benzerlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok boyutlu ve \u00e7etrefildir Bu co\u011frafyada en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir problemin ileri derecede b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme ihtimali her zaman vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, uluslararas\u0131 konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc de dikkate alarak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00fcresel bask\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u00fczerindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma yolunda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 politikalar geli\u015ftirmelidir<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye su zengini de\u011fildir. Yak\u0131n gelecekte de su sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayacak bir \u00fclkedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bat\u0131ya do\u011fru bir i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 vard\u0131r ve bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da da su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Su zengini olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, GAP ile b\u00f6lgeye d\u00fczen ve denge geldi\u011fi ve ak\u0131\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131na \u00fccretsiz d\u00fczenleme ve \u0131slah hizmeti verilmekte oldu\u011fu \u0131srarla vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2011’de T\u00fcrkiye Suriye ili\u015fkilerinin gerilmesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin su konusundaki pozisyonunu da olumsuz etkilemi\u015ftir. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri Irak ve Suriye\u2019deki su yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun \u0130\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesiyle, zaten \u00e7etrefil olan soruna, hepsini bast\u0131ran bir de g\u00fcvenlik boyutu<\/em> eklenmi\u015ftir.(9-\u0130nt.)<\/p>\n Irak ve Suriye emperyalist ordular\u0131n\u0131n ve\/veya ta\u015feronlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Nehirlerin y\u00f6netimine AB veya \u0130srail\u2019in m\u00fcdahil olabildi\u011fi bir T\u00fcrkiye ise i\u015fgal edilmeden egemenli\u011fi \u00f6rselenen bir \u00fclke konumuna d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin imzalamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 BM su yollar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ba\u011flamasa da Suriye ve Irak bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi imzalayarak, sorunun uluslararas\u0131 arenaya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nde olsa da, bu gelecekte gene \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken bir sorundur. Sorunun uluslararas\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (enternasyonalize edilmesi), \u201c Sorun \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir\u201d tezimizi zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. \u015eartlar elverdi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye tekrar \u00f6nalan (proaktif) politikalar izlemelidir. Su konusundaki zirve ve konferanslarda inisiyatifi elde tutmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Politika ve bilim adamlar\u0131m\u0131z su konusunda AB organ ve \u00fcyelerini ikna etmeli, tutarl\u0131 politikalarla AB, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za de\u011fil yan\u0131m\u0131za al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz \u00fczerindeki emperyalist hegemonyan\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na ve peki\u015fmesine izin verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki emrivakilerine maruz kalmamak i\u00e7in, etkin su politikas\u0131 izleyerek kendisi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u00fczerinden \u00fclkemizi k\u0131skaca almalar\u0131na ve sular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 buland\u0131rmalar\u0131na asla izin verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n Su, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda sava\u015f sebebi olacak m\u0131? Yoksa bu, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin petrolden sonra b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahale edebilmek i\u00e7in uydurduklar\u0131 bir senaryo mu? B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse herkesin s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011fi bir konuda T\u00fcrkiye ne yapmal\u0131?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":2954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,67,69],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u0131n\u0131r-a\u015fan sularda payla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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F\u0131rat ve Dicle k\u0131y\u0131da\u015flar\u0131\u00a0<\/b>aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin k\u0131sa tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/F\u0131rat-Dicle-havzas\u0131.jpg\")
<\/h2>\nOrtado\u011fu, su ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Havzan\u0131n k\u00fcresel k\u0131skaca al\u0131nmas\u0131 hamleleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u201cSava\u015f tamtamlar\u0131\u201d \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi devreye giriyor<\/strong><\/h2>\n
K\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7ler sular\u0131n durulmas\u0131na izin vermediler<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Su i\u00e7in sava\u015f de\u011fil, i\u015fbirli\u011fi zorunludur<\/strong><\/h2>\n
T\u00fcrkiye ne yapmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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