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Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kazan\u0131lan zafer sonras\u0131 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 24 Temmuz 1923<\/em> tarihinde \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Lozan kentinde T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi temsilcileriyle \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Portekiz, Bel\u00e7ika ve Yugoslavya temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan Beau-Rivage Palace<\/em>\u2019de imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Paris\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6nemde buray\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fimde,\u00a0 Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde do\u011fan ve bu Cumhuriyet\u2019in imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan yararlanan biri olarak \u00e7ok duygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019na TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ad\u0131na kat\u0131lan heyet; Misak-\u0131 Milliyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi, Ermeni devletinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi, kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmay\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan aras\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 Trakya, Ege adalar\u0131, n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fimi, sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f, Ermenistan ve kapit\u00fclasyonlar konusunda Antla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri kesme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel konularda taraflar anla\u015famay\u0131nca 4 \u015eubat 1923<\/em> tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kesilmi\u015f, \u00a023 Nisan 1923<\/em>\u2019te yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 24 Temmuz 1923<\/em> tarihinde Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye 23 A\u011fustos 1923<\/em>\u2019te antla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanistan 25 A\u011fustos 1923, \u0130talya 12 Mart 1924, Japonya 15 May\u0131s 1924, \u0130ngiltere ise 16 Temmuz 1924<\/em> tarihinde onaylamay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Gecikmenin sebebi, h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizleri sebebiyle \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin 29 \u015eubat 1924\u2019te iktidara gelmesiyle parlamentoya sunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Antla\u015fma, taraflar\u0131n onaylar\u0131n\u0131 Paris\u2019e g\u00f6nderdikten sonra 6 A\u011fustos 1924<\/em> tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. ABD Lozan\u2019\u0131 onaylamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun iki sebebi vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda bir Ermeni devletinin kurulmayarak Wilson Prensiplerine ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi, ikincisi ise kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla gayri M\u00fcslimlere sa\u011flanan imtiyazlar\u0131n son bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. ABD Lozan\u2019\u0131 onaylarsa, Ermenilerin T\u00fcrkiye’den toprak taleplerini reddetmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD\u2019deki kuvvetli Ermeni diasporas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda onaylamamas\u0131n\u0131n bir hukuki sonucu da bulunmamaktad\u0131r. ABD ile son g\u00fcnlerde gerginle\u015fen ili\u015fkiler sebebiyle konu g\u00fcndeme gelir mi, bilemem.<\/em><\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f senedi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan her 24 Temmuzda bir bildiri yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 24 Temmuz 2018<\/em> tarihinde Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 95\u2019nci y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cBug\u00fcn, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucu belgelerinden olan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 95. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kutluyoruz. \u00dclkemizin \u00f6zellikle son 16 y\u0131lda elde etti\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n gerisinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir siyasi iradenin mevcudiyeti yan\u0131nda milletimizin birlik, beraberlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fma ruhuyla hareket etmesinin de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 vard\u0131r\u2026Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 95. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle, Cumhuriyetimizin banisi Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bug\u00fcnlere ula\u015fmam\u0131zda eme\u011fi olan t\u00fcm devlet adamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sayg\u0131yla y\u00e2d ediyorum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n 2017<\/em> y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cAziz milletimizin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yoklu\u011fa, yoksullu\u011fa ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 istiklal destan\u0131, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile diplomasi ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131nda tescil edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Milleti, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bu topraklardaki bin y\u0131ll\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan Sevr’i y\u0131rt\u0131p atm\u0131\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan asla taviz vermeyece\u011fini t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya kabul ettirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n 2016 <\/em>y\u0131l\u0131ndaki mesaj\u0131nda ise Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir tespitte bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cBug\u00fcn, Cumhuriyetimizin kurucu belgesi olan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 93. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Aziz milletimizin inan\u00e7, cesaret ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131kla elde etti\u011fi zafer, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile diplomasi ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131narak tescil edilmi\u015ftir. Bu antla\u015fma, yeni kurulan devletimizin tapusu niteli\u011findedir. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, bu anlamda ba\u015fta mill\u00ee irade ve demokrasi olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sahip oldu\u011fu temel ilkelerin de\u011feri, bug\u00fcnlerde \u00e7ok daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 93. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Cumhuriyetimizin banisi Gazi Mustafa Kemal<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, antla\u015fman\u0131n mimar\u0131 olan t\u00fcm devlet adamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 rahmetle an\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Bu olumlu mesajlar\u0131n aksine say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2016 tarihinde muhtarlarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cTarihte bize ne yapt\u0131lar. 1920’de bize Sevr’i g\u00f6sterdiler, 1923’te Lozan’a bizi raz\u0131 ettiler. Birileri de Lozan’\u0131 ‘zafer’ diye yutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her \u015fey ortada\u201d<\/em> diyerek bir tart\u0131\u015fma da ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201czafer\u201d<\/em> diye sunulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kitap yazan Kadir M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131o\u011flu<\/em> da kitab\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201cLozan, Zafer mi, Hezimet mi?\u201d<\/em> (Sebil Yay\u0131nevi, 2009) koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n son 3 y\u0131ldaki Lozan mesajlar\u0131 bence \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2016 tarihindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r niteliktedir. Taha Akyol 24 Temmuzdaki yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok do\u011fru bir tesit yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cBug\u00fcn Lozan\u2019\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fclemek ancak bilgisizlik ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmserken Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 olan ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 yok eden Sevr (Sevres) Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7isi olan Lloyd George, <\/em>\u0130ngiliz Daily Telegraph gazetesinde 28 A\u011fustos 1923\u2019te<\/em> yer alan demecinde, \u201cT<\/em><\/strong>\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, medeniyetin yenilgisidir<\/em>\u201d demi\u015ftir. 6 Haziran 1924<\/em> tarihinde de Avam Kamaras\u0131\u2019nda Sevr\u2019i savunarak Lozan\u2019\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin yenilgisi olarak nitelemi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Fakat, T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda pek bilinmeyen bir ger\u00e7ek de vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrklere d\u00fc\u015fman olan Lloyd George\u2019un T\u00fcrkiye’yi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00e7ekilmeye ikna etmek i\u00e7in gizli bir ajan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 25 milyon dolar r\u00fc\u015fvet vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011fu, <\/em>Kew Ulusal Ar\u015fivlerinde yay\u0131mlanan yabanc\u0131 ofis istihbarat dosyalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu miktar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 200 milyon sterline e\u015fittir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Ben de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin tapu senedi olan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 95\u2019nci y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde ba\u015fta Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<\/em> olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enleri sayg\u0131 ve sevgi ile an\u0131yorum. Bu kapsamda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 Cumhuriyetimizin 100\u2019nc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2023\u2019te son bulacak diyenleri k\u0131n\u0131yor ve tarih\u00ee ger\u00e7ekleri sapt\u0131rmamaya davet ediyorum.<\/em><\/p>\n Turgut \u00d6zal \u00dcniversitesi KHK ile kapat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi son s\u0131n\u0131ftaki iki \u00f6\u011frencim bana Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gizli maddeleri oldu\u011funu, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda son bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/em> bunun do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015flard\u0131r. Antla\u015fma metninin gerek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde ve gerekse orijinal Frans\u0131zca metninde b\u00f6yle bir maddenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledim. Lozan\u2019\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda son bulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyenlerin Sevr (Sevres) Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 geri getirmek istediklerini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Sevr\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan ve Ermenistan<\/em> devletlerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kurulan Cumhuriyeti par\u00e7alamak istediklerini, Cumhuriyetin de\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bu sebeple bir alg\u0131 operasyonu yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n 143 madde aras\u0131nda gizli maddenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na taraf \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke oldu\u011funu, onayl\u0131 birer \u00f6rne\u011finin t\u00fcm imzac\u0131 \u00fclkelere verildi\u011fini, Lozan\u2019\u0131n, bir veya birka\u00e7 \u00fclke i\u00e7in gizli maddelerinin olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa anlatamad\u0131m. <\/em>Lozan\u2019\u0131 yok savarak Sevr\u2019i canland\u0131rmak isteyenler oldu\u011funu, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 62, 63 ve 64\u2019nc\u00fc maddelerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu maddelerin K\u00fcrtlere self determinasyon hakk\u0131 verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledim ama \u00f6\u011frencileri ikna edemedim.<\/p>\n \u0130ki \u00f6\u011frencime ve t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131fa Paris\u2019in Sevr (Sevres) banliy\u00f6s\u00fcnde bulunan Seramik M\u00fczesi\u2019nde Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra bu M\u00fcze\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne Ermenilerin bir s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 an\u0131t\u0131 diktiklerini<\/em>, b\u00f6ylece Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u2019a at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131na dikkatlerini \u00e7ektim. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131zca asl\u0131n\u0131n Paris\u2019te, Frans\u0131z D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde muhafaza edildi\u011fini de belirttim. Antla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, t\u0131pk\u0131 bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye getirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na husumet duyanlar\u0131 anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in Yunan kazansayd\u0131 diyebilecek kadar ileri gidenlere acaba ne demeli? Bu ki\u015finin Ortodoks \u00e7anlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ibadet ederse kendini daha mutlu hissedece\u011fi i\u00e7in bu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131na vard\u0131m. <\/em>\u00d6ncelikle bilgi sahibi olmadan fikir sahibi olanlara Taha Akyol\u2019un Bilinmeyen Lozan<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neririm. Akyol\u2019un ilk Meclis, \u0130ngiltere Avam Kamaras\u0131 ve Lozan Konferans\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131na dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda t\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Lozan\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk zaferi d\u00fc\u015fmana onaylat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, eksikler olsa da yap\u0131labilecek olan\u0131n azamisi o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftur. 23 Temmuz 1923<\/em> g\u00fcnl\u00fc Tevhid-i Efkar gazetesinde Ebuzziya Zade Velid<\/em>, imparatorluk topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131ndan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir ama Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da \u015fu do\u011fru tespiti yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cDelegelerimiz siyasi ve iktisadi istiklalimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mevcudiyetimizi ve mill\u00ee<\/em> inki\u015faf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak b\u00fct\u00fcn esaslar\u0131 kurtarmaya muvaffak oldular.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lord (George) Curzon<\/em> ile ilgili \u00f6nemli bir an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmakt\u0131r: \u201cBir gece toplant\u0131s\u0131nda bulundum. Beraberdik. \u0130kimiz vard\u0131k, bir de Amerika Murahhas\u0131 Mr. Chaild vard\u0131. Lord Curzon bana dedi ki \u2018hi\u00e7bir dedi\u011fimizi makul oldu\u011funa, hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul etmiyorsunuz. Hepsini reddediyorsunuz. En nihayet \u015fu kanaate vard\u0131k ki, ne reddederseniz hepsini cebimize at\u0131yoruz. Memleketiniz harapt\u0131r. \u0130mar etmeyecek misiniz? Bunun i\u00e7in paraya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Paray\u0131 nereden bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z? Para bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bir bende var, bir de bu yan\u0131mdakinde. Unutmay\u0131n, ne reddederseniz hepsi cebimdedir. Nereden para bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z, Frans\u0131zlardan m\u0131?<\/em><\/p>\n Ben, evet dedim. Curzon s\u00f6zlerine devam etti: Para kimsede yok. Ancak biz verebiliriz. Memnun olmazsak kimden alacaks\u0131n\u0131z? Harap bir memleketi nas\u0131l kurtaracaks\u0131n\u0131z? \u0130htiya\u00e7 sebebiyle yar\u0131n para istemek i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelip diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz zaman, bug\u00fcn reddettiklerinizi cebimizden birer birer \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p size g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz.\u2019 Lord Curzon\u2019un bu s\u00f6zleri kula\u011f\u0131mda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fi her yerde hat\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Lozan Konferans\u0131 olal\u0131 45 sene ge\u00e7ti. Bu s\u00f6zleri hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmad\u0131m. Bu 45 sene i\u00e7inde para almak i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etti\u011fimiz her yerde bu ihtimalleri g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n Lord Curzon\u2019un s\u00f6zleri bitti\u011fi zaman, kendisine dedim ki: \u2018\u015eimdi meseleleri halledelim, para istemek i\u00e7in gelirsem o zaman g\u00f6sterirsiniz.\u2019 Hakikat \u015fudur ki, \u0130kinci Cihan Harbi kap\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcnceye kadar mali bak\u0131mdan bize kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Ve T\u00fcrkiye kendisini kendi al\u0131n teri ile tamir ederek \u0130kinci Cihan Harbi\u2019ni idrak etmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/strong><\/em>[4]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n Lozan\u2019da kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6denerek tasfiye edilmesini, Duyun-u Umumiye \u0130daresine son verilmesinin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131, Musul petrollerinden pay al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir z\u0131rh olan g\u00fcmr\u00fcklere gecikmelide olsa egemen olunmas\u0131n\u0131, kabotaj hakk\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesini \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ekonomik kazan\u0131mlar olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorum. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve ona ekli Ticaret S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir gecikme ile T\u00fcrkiye g\u00fcmr\u00fcklerine hakim olabilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin a\u00e7\u0131k pazar\u0131 olmaktan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Erhan Bener\u2019in B\u00fcrokratlar<\/em> (Remzi Kitapevi, 2002) kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildindeki tespitler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bener\u2019in 1960 y\u0131llardaki OECD Nezdinde T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011findeki an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesinde yarar vard\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda Daimi Temsilci olan Cahit Kayra<\/em>, OECD T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yard\u0131m Konsorsiyomu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 devletine kabul ettirilen Duyun- u Umumiye \u015fartlar\u0131na benzetir. Frans\u0131z Devlet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Kurulu\u2019ndan ald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki ekonomik ve mali h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle, OECD Konsorsiyomu\u2019nun \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik vard\u0131r. Konsorsiyomun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinlerdeki baz\u0131 ifadeler, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bunun \u00fczerine Cahit Kayra da \u015fu tespitte bulunur: \u201cBizim okullarda Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sadece imparatorlu\u011fun co\u011frafya bak\u0131m\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir antla\u015fma diye okuturlar. Oysa i\u00e7indeki ekonomik, mali h\u00fck\u00fcmler bu par\u00e7alanmadan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir. Daha sonra, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, toprak par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na \u00f6nem vermeyen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletler, Sevr\u2019in ekonomik ve mali h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulamakta \u00e7ok direnmi\u015flerdi. Bana kalsa, okullar\u0131m\u0131zda, Lozan\u2019dan \u00e7ok, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 okutmak gerekir. O zaman gen\u00e7lerimiz bug\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi anlayabilirler.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Kayra\u2019n\u0131n tespitlerine aynen kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Paris\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m 1985-1990 d\u00f6neminde OECD T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yard\u0131m Konsorsiyomu toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ad\u0131na Planlama M\u00fc\u015faviri olarak izliyordum.<\/em> Buradaki geli\u015fmeleri ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lozan\u2019daki ekonomik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisi kitab\u0131mda (Beta, \u0130stanbul, 2014, 13. Bask\u0131) ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m.<\/p>\n Lozan\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik ba\u015far\u0131 kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>. 22 Temmuz 1909 tarihinde Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan 14 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kalem dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan karikat\u00fcrde Osmanl\u0131 askeri elinde silah ine\u011fin bek\u00e7ili\u011fini yap\u0131yor, yabanc\u0131lar gelip kovalarla s\u00fct sa\u011farak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Lozan\u2019da m\u00fcttefiklerin kendisinden \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbeli diplomatlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz 38 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve bir asker olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ekonomik bask\u0131lara boyun e\u011fmemi\u015fti. Kendi ifadesiyle Lozan\u2019da en \u00f6nemli bask\u0131, mali ve ekonomik y\u00f6nde olmu\u015ftur.<\/em> Yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin ya\u015famas\u0131nda ve kalk\u0131nmas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabotaj hakk\u0131 bile iki y\u0131l sonra kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kayda ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 konusunda son s\u00f6z\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cSayg\u0131de\u011fer Efendiler, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 esaslar\u0131, di\u011fer bar\u0131\u015f teklifleriyle daha \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk Ulus\u2019una y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir suikast\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir belgedir. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde benzeri bulunmayan bir siyasal utku eseridir\u201d<\/em>[5]<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmeyi ise \u0130ngiliz Sir Andrew Ryan<\/em> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cLozan\u2019da onursuz bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalad\u0131k. Lozan, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadar imzalam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu antla\u015fmalar\u0131n en u\u011fursuzu, en mutsuzu, en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Lozan, say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin tapu senedir.<\/em> Bir kere delinirse bir daha yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, Orta Do\u011fu batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 Cumhuriyetimizin 100\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2023\u2019te son bulacak diyenler, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 delmek isteyenlerdir. Bu konuda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerle donat\u0131lan iyi niyetli baz\u0131 \u00fcniversiteli gen\u00e7leri de ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rmeye davet ediyorum.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Daniel-Joseph Macarthur-Seal, Intelligence and Lloyd George’s Secret Diplomacy in The Near East, 1920\u20131922; The Historical Journal, Volume 56, Issue 3 September 2013, s.707-728.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> Lloyd George and the Turkish Question, file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/w10\/Downloads\/UBC_1978_A8%20H57.pdf<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Lloyd George was prepared to pay $25 million in bribes through a secret agent to persuade Turkey to pull out of the First World War, <\/strong>Lloyd George tried to bribe Turks out of Great War<\/strong>, 1 April 2005, https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/1486861\/Lloyd-George-tried-to-bribe-Turks-out-of-Great-War.html<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Lozanidogruanlarsak11.png\")
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24 <\/strong><\/p>\n