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Kosova ile S\u0131rbistan aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin normale d\u00f6nmesi Balkanlar’daki en karma\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7. Karma\u015f\u0131k ama mevcut kapsam\u0131nda tutulur ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haliyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilirse Balkanlardaki f\u0131rsat kollayan kriz ve di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne de katk\u0131da bulunabilir. Katk\u0131s\u0131, emsal olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 etki yaratmamas\u0131ndan ibaret. Yani, beklemedeki di\u011fer sorunlarda hareketlilik yaratmadan ve onlar\u0131n parlamas\u0131na neden olacak k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar \u00e7\u0131kmadan bir anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu nedenle her iki taraf da nihai bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00a0AB \u00fcyeli\u011fine do\u011fru ilerleyebilmeleri i\u00e7in cesaretlendiriliyor. Kosova ve S\u0131rbistan, 7 Eyl\u00fcl 2018’de Br\u00fcksel’de \u201cjeopolitik zorunluluk\u201d olarak nitelendirilen bir anla\u015fmaya varmak i\u00e7in AB arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flayacak. AB, 2019 i\u00e7inde nihai anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. Liderlerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar, \u201cKosova Sorununun\u201d bir s\u00fcre AB ve Balkanlar\u0131n ana g\u00fcndem maddesini olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 izlenimini veriyor. AB’den s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlemesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken eski bir s\u00f6ylem Kosova’da yeniden hayat buldu ve Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Pre\u015fova’n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilece\u011finin i\u015faretleri verildi. \u00a0Kosova’n\u0131n kuzeyinde yerle\u015fik S\u0131rplar\u0131n haklar\u0131 \u201cS\u0131rbistan’dan hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f gibi olacaklar\u0131 \u015fekilde\u201d g\u00fcncellenirken S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda bulunan ve Arnavutlarca Kosova’n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Pre\u015fova’da benzer d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir mi? D\u00fcn olmazd\u0131, bug\u00fcne dek olmad\u0131 ama Makedonya ve Yunanistan isim sorununda da bug\u00fcne dek ilerleme kaydedilememi\u015fti, \u015fimdi 30 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u201cKuzey Makedonya Cumhuriyeti\u201d ismi i\u00e7in referanduma gidiliyor.<\/p>\n
Pre\u015fova Arnavutlar\u0131n\u0131n dahi \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kosova-S\u0131rbistan m\u00fczakerelerine dahil edilme ihtimali, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i mi? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcne dek bu ihtimali reddeden Kosova y\u00f6netimiydi. Peki \u015fimdi yap\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, kararl\u0131 bir politik duru\u015f mu yoksa S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir bl\u00f6f m\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu? Konu az\u0131nl\u0131klara tan\u0131nan haklarda e\u015fitlik g\u00f6zetilmesi boyutunda m\u0131 kal\u0131r yoksa Kosova Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin tam olarak ifade etti\u011fi gibi arazi de\u011fi\u015fimi ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlenmesi noktas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nabilir mi? Bug\u00fcne dek kesin olarak m\u00fczakere d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu konu masaya ta\u015f\u0131nacak olursa Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tepki g\u00f6sterece\u011fi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verece\u011fi kesinken, dahas\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin dolayl\u0131 olarak kabul edilmez g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015fken bu \u00f6neri neden ABD taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi? ABD Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 John Bolton\u2019un Kosova ve S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fmaya varmas\u0131 durumunda ABD\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 Kiev\u2019de yapmas\u0131[1]<\/a> ile ABD\u2019nin o d\u00f6nemki D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Condoleezza Rice\u2019\u0131n Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k karar\u0131 almas\u0131 durumunda ABD\u2019nin bunu tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 Moskova\u2019da yapmas\u0131 \u2013ve tek tarafl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mas\u0131- aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kurmal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131z? \u2013Sorarken zaten bu ba\u011fa i\u015faret etmi\u015f oluyoruz.- 17 \u015eubat 2008\u2019de Kosova ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 ilan etti\u011finde ABD ile birlikte Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa \u2013ve T\u00fcrkiye de- Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131, Rusya \u2013ve \u00c7in- hala tan\u0131m\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere Balkanlarda yank\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olacak t\u00fcrden harita de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine kar\u015f\u0131; Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ise S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n toprak kaybetmesini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131 kesin ve hatta bunu Bosna-Hersek\u2019teki S\u0131rp B\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f salvosu\/gambiti olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131yan kesimler mevcut. Bu tabloda ABD\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kabul edilebilir g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yoksa Balkanlarda art\u0131k kontur\/ s\u00fcrkontur noktas\u0131na m\u0131 gelindi? Sonu\u00e7ta t\u00fcm kartlar sahiplerinin elinde kalacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ancak \u015fimdi taraflar\u0131n kozlar\u0131n\u0131n masaya konulaca\u011f\u0131, hangi riskleri alabileceklerinin g\u00f6zlemlenebilece\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n Kosova-S\u0131rbistan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde d\u00fcmen 2013\u2019de Almanya\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve 19 Nisan 2013 tarihli Br\u00fcksel Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015fmesinin ana ilkelerinde uzla\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece rota iyi-k\u00f6t\u00fc belirlendi, AB ne g\u00f6rmek istedi\u011fini ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kt\u00fc ve AB bask\u0131\/y\u00f6nlendirme\/te\u015fvik y\u00f6ntemleri Alman disiplin ve sistemati\u011fi ile devreye sokuldu. Ortaya konulan perspektif \u201cili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d ifadesiyle \u00f6zetleniyor, \u201ckapsaml\u0131 normalle\u015fme\u201d hedefi izleniyor ancak bunun tam olarak ne oldu\u011fu, neleri gerektirdi\u011fi hususu tan\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fil (ya da kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131). Bu da AB\u2019nin me\u015fhur \u201cyap\u0131c\u0131 belirsizlik\u201d modelinin Kosova meselesinde de uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bahsetti\u011fimiz model de asl\u0131nda bizdeki \u201cKervan yolda d\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle benzeyen \u201cyola \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131m, tepki verilenler hususlarda d\u00fczenleme yaparak rotaya ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bo\u015fluklar b\u0131rakal\u0131m\u201d d\u00fczenidir\u2026<\/p>\n Kosova-S\u0131rbistan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, S\u0131rbistan’dan Kosova’n\u0131n kuzeyindeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kent Mitrovica\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan ve \u00fczerinde 21 dilde “Kosova S\u0131rbistan’d\u0131r” yaz\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131rbistan bayra\u011f\u0131 renklerine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f trenin Kosova s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda 14 Ocak 2017\u2019de durdurulmas\u0131yla sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2018\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fczakerelerin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015fsa da 16 Ocak 2018\u2019de, Br\u00fcksel\u2019deki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde S\u0131rp Sivil, Demokrasi ve Adalet Hareketi\u2019nin lideri Oliver \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Mitrovica\u2019daki parti ofisinden \u00e7\u0131karken silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Suikast g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri durdurdu. 2018 i\u00e7indeki ikinci kriz 26 Mart 2018\u2019de S\u0131rbistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Kosova Ofis Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Djuric\u2019in, Kosoval\u0131 yetkililerin \u00fclkeye giri\u015f izni vermemesine ra\u011fmen bir S\u0131rp bulu\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere Kuzey Mitrovica’ya gelmesi ve burada g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak ba\u015fkent Pri\u015ftine’ye sevk edilmesiyle ya\u015fand\u0131. Djuric, daha sonra Merdare S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131’ndan \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e dek yeni bir kriz \u00e7\u0131kmazsa art\u0131k S\u0131rp Belediyeler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yar\u0131m kalan s\u0131n\u0131r hatlar\u0131ndaki kontrollerin birlikte sa\u011flanabilmesi, ara\u00e7 plakalar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, enerji, adalet alan\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemelerde nihai ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor. S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceli\u011fi S\u0131rp Belediyeler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin i\u015flevselle\u015ftirilmesi, Kosova\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nceli\u011fi \u0130bar Nehri \u00fczerindeki Mitrovi\u00e7a K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de facto s\u0131n\u0131r olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n Kosova Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i ve S\u0131rbistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Aleksand\u0131r Vu\u00e7i\u00e7, 26 A\u011fustos 2018\u2019de Avusturya’n\u0131n Alpbach kentinde d\u00fczenlenen uluslararas\u0131 bir forumda bir araya geldi ve toplant\u0131da 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ba\u015flayacak diyalog s\u00fcrecine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ta\u00e7i, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlemesini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131 verirken Vu\u00e7i\u00e7 de Kosova konusundaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n “donmu\u015f bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma” oldu\u011funu, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flanmazsa birilerinin bunu yeni bir sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek \u00a0\u201cHi\u00e7birimiz bir sava\u015f istemiyoruz \u201ddedi. Vu\u00e7i\u00e7\u2019in \u201cBalkanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki grubu olarak biz \u00e7\u00f6zmeyeceksek kim \u00e7\u00f6zecek.\u201d s\u00f6zleri toplant\u0131ya damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. Vuci\u00e7, se\u00e7menlerin haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve muhalefet nedeniyle bir anla\u015fman\u0131n yak\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyebilece\u011fini de ekledi. S\u0131rp Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin Kosova\u2019daki baz\u0131 kiliselerini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama y\u00fczlerce eski S\u0131rp kilisesi ve manast\u0131ra ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u201ckutsal topraklar\u201d\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131na at\u0131fla bir hassasiyete de i\u015faret etmi\u015f oldu. Bu arada Kilise\u2019nin Kosova\u2019y\u0131 kaybetmeme konusundaki kesin ve de\u011fi\u015fmez tavr\u0131na ra\u011fmen S\u0131rp Patrik Irinej\u2019in Sen Sinod\u2019un 30 A\u011fustos\u2019taki ola\u011fan toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Br\u00fcksel Zirvesi sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir toplant\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fini de ekleyelim.[2]<\/a> Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ba\u015flayan m\u00fczakerelerde uzla\u015f\u0131 uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ancak Kilise, imkans\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimalini ciddiye al\u0131yor olabilir.AB Komisyonu’nun Geni\u015flemeden Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Johannes Hahn da benzer \u015fekilde\u201c\u00f6nce ula\u015f\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnenin aniden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelebilece\u011fi\u201dne i\u015faretle iki liderin nihai anla\u015fman\u0131n Balkanlar\u2019da istikrar\u0131 bozmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Hahn, Alpbach\u2019daki toplant\u0131da \u201cDi\u011fer meseleler i\u00e7in bir plan olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken ikili bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden s\u00f6z ediliyor.\u201d[3]<\/a> belirlemesini yapma ihtiyac\u0131 duydu. Bu, b\u00f6yle bir ihtimal konu\u015fuluyor olsa bile Makedonya ya da Bosna Hersek i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmeyece\u011fini kesinle\u015ftirme anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Hahn s\u00f6zlerini her iki Balkan \u00fclkesinin de AB \u00fcyeli\u011fine hak kazanmak i\u00e7in ili\u015fkileri normale d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmesi ve “d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret blo\u011funun t\u00fcm \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan” bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, buna sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgusuyla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Burada 2013 Br\u00fcksel Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sapmalar\u0131n ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayaca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n Pre\u015fova\u2019y\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlemesini g\u00fcndeme getiren Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin tutumu incelemeye de\u011fer. Ama \u00f6nce Kosova Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r konusunda “yarat\u0131c\u0131” \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler lehine oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 Kosova Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ramus Haradinay\u2019\u0131n Arnavutluk\u2019tan cevaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve Kosova s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 korumaktan yana oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini belirtelim. Bu Kosova i\u00e7inde bir karar birli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda Ta\u00e7i de S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n sadece Kosova-S\u0131rbistan aras\u0131ndaki 400 kilometrelik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kastederek belirsizliklerin giderilmesi talebini reddetmi\u015fti ve \u201cYap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken tek \u015fey, AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun hen\u00fcz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mayan di\u011fer be\u015f AB \u00fcyesini ve S\u0131rbistan’\u0131 Kosova’y\u0131 bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in ikna etmeleridir. Bu ne kadar erken olursa, b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in o kadar iyi olur.\u201d demi\u015fti.[4]<\/a> Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 da 16 A\u011fustos 2018\u2019de Almanya \u015eans\u00f6lyesi Angela Merkel\u2019in\u00a0 Bosna-Hersek Bakanlar Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Denis Zvizdi\u0107 ile Berlin’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplara da bir uyar\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cBalkanlar’da hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmeyece\u011fi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 26 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Alpbach\u2019ta Bat\u0131 Balkan liderleri ile d\u00fczenlenen ortak bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 Ta\u00e7i, “S\u0131rbistan ile s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczeltmesi yap\u0131lsa bile, S\u0131rbistan ile potansiyel bir” bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan korkmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[5]<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131. 8 A\u011fustos\u2019ta d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda ise \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlemesinin ancak Pre\u015fova\u2019n\u0131n Kosova\u2019ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi ancak asla Kosova\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ya da S\u0131rplar\u0131n \u00f6zerklik kazanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fini\u201d s\u00f6ylemi\u015f[6]<\/a> ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlenmesi talebini, “Presevo vadisinin taleplerini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma olana\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc eklemi\u015fti. Sonradan benzer s\u00f6zleri birka\u00e7\u0131 facebook hesab\u0131ndan olmak \u00fczere yineledi. Ancak hi\u00e7 birinde tam olarak neyi kastetti\u011fi netle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n European Western Balkans\u2019a 27 A\u011fustos\u2019ta verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda ise k\u0131smen bu belirsizli\u011fe at\u0131fla sorulan \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesinden bahsediyorsunuz ancak Kosova\u2019n\u0131n asla b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyece\u011fini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz; Kosova b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyecekse, en az\u0131ndan toprak de\u011fi\u015fimi olmayacaksa bahsetti\u011finiz \u2018b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeltmeler\u2019 nelerdir?\u201d sorusuna yine a\u00e7\u0131k olmayan bir cevap verip[7]<\/a> S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mamak i\u00e7in ayak s\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ise Avrupa-Atlantik \u00fcyeli\u011fini garantilemek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerini tart\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Konuyu a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ba\u015fka soru \u00fczerine ise Ta\u00e7i, Pre\u015fova Vadisi\u2019nin 1992\u2019deki d\u00fczenlenen referandumla Kosova\u2019ya kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama bunun Kosova-S\u0131rbistan m\u00fczakerelerinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yleyerek ama belki \u015fimdi bu hususun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulabilece\u011fini ifade etti. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin Pre\u015fova Vadisi s\u00f6yleminin 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki m\u00fczakere masas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bug\u00fcne dek S\u0131rbistan-Kosova\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015f sorunlar\u0131na, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi imkans\u0131z ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 AB\u2019nin, ABD\u2019nin, NATO\u2019nun ya da BM\u2019nin i\u015fi, yetkisi, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131 olamayacak bir hususu ekleme \u00e7abas\u0131, m\u00fczakere yetene\u011finin bo\u015fa harcanmas\u0131, zaman\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netimi anlam\u0131na gelir. Dahas\u0131, pekala m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecini yava\u015flatma hamlesi olarak da de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n Kosova taraf\u0131 bilhassa Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde mukim S\u0131rplar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n istenen d\u00fczeye getirilmesi konusunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar att\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n \u2013hi\u00e7 de\u011filse AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi ko\u015fulu olarak- Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131maya zorlanaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisini de hep ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Ancak S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n Avrupa entegrasyonundaki ilerlemesi i\u00e7in \u201canahtar parametre\u201d, \u015fimdilik \u201cPri\u015ftine ile diyalog\u201ddan ibaret. \u00d6zellikle Almanya, \u201ctan\u0131ma\u201dy\u0131 bir ko\u015ful olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor. S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131maya ayak diremesi beklenen bir durum ama Kosova g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cverilen tavizler\u201d art\u0131k Kosova kamuoyuna izah edilebilir olmay\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. Ta\u00e7i belki muhalefetin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6yle bertaraf etmek istiyor ancak en etkili muhalefet y\u00fcr\u00fcten Vetevendosje\u2019l\u0131 Albin Kurti, Glauk Konjufca ve ekip arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 benim kadar tan\u0131m\u0131\u015fsa bu y\u00f6ntemin \u00e7ok fena geri tepece\u011fini ve daha ciddi tepki alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Kosova muhalefetine g\u00f6re Pre\u015fova Vadisi\u2019nin g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ancak S\u0131rbistan ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fine gelecek bir hamledir. Zira zaten Ahtisaari Plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kabul edilen adem-i merkeziyet\u00e7ilik ilkeleri ve idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenme yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki gibi do\u011fusunda da hilal \u015feklinde uzanan yeni bir S\u0131rp b\u00f6lgesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve bura da Pre\u015fova Vadisi ile Kosova merkezi aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.[8]<\/a> Kosova muhalefetinin yeni S\u0131rp b\u00f6lgelerinden de Ta\u00e7i ve ekibini sorumlu g\u00f6rmesi bir tarafa Ta\u00e7i, hi\u00e7 alamayaca\u011f\u0131 kesin olan Pre\u015fova Vadisi\u2019ni \u015fimdi g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in de su\u00e7lanacak. Su\u00e7lamada Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rda bir tak\u0131m tavizler verdi\u011fi ve \u015fimdi kamuoyunu buna haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131; ayr\u0131ca S\u0131rbistan ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki ana planlar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fczakere konusu de\u011fil. Hatta Pre\u015fova Vadisi Arnavutlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ihlalleri de ili\u015fkilerde normalle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re S\u0131rbistan ve Kosova\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 bir husus de\u011fil. Elbetteki Kosoval\u0131 S\u0131rplara tan\u0131nan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f haklar\u0131n S\u0131rbistan\u2019daki Arnavutlara tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 \u201chaks\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d ama Kosova Ahtisaari Plan\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z\u00fcyle ilan edilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, plan\u0131n t\u00fcm maddelerine anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Kosoval\u0131 S\u0131rplar Ahtisaari Plan\u0131\u2019yla Belgrad\u2019la do\u011frudan ileti\u015fim, S\u0131rbistan belediyeleri ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k konular\u0131nda kendi belediyelerinde do\u011frudan karar verebilme, S\u0131rbistan Milli E\u011fitim m\u00fcfredat\u0131n\u0131 takip etme haklar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015f, belediyelerde 5 bin n\u00fcfusa ula\u015f\u0131yorsa kendi bayraklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekme, kendi anadilini resmi dil olarak kullanma, kamu kurumlar\u0131nda n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 oran\u0131nda yer alma gibi haklarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, S\u0131rp Kilisesi de \u00f6zerkle\u015fmi\u015fti. Kosova\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt sayfal\u0131k \u201cKosova Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirisi\u201dnde sekiz kez Ahtisaari Plan\u0131’na g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131l\u0131rken S\u0131rplar\u0131n bug\u00fcn m\u00fczakere edilen haklar\u0131na g\u00fcvence verilmekteydi. Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen ise bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan S\u0131rp Belediyeler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131yla ilgili. Bu nedenle mevcut s\u00fcre\u00e7te Pre\u015foval\u0131 Arnavutlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kosoval\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n haklar\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi, m\u00fctekabiliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hukuki ve siyasi zemin uygun de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Konunun di\u011fer bir hususunu ifade etmek gerekirse s\u00f6z konusu olan iki egemen devletin baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fczakere etmesi de\u011fil. Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabullenmek zorunda olan S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n da bu m\u00fczakereler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda masada tam bir egemen devlet olarak yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede hareket ediyor. Kosova ise S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmu\u015f ama tam anlam\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tesis edememi\u015f devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeli. Sonu\u00e7ta ulusal yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme, birle\u015fik yarg\u0131 sistemini olu\u015fturma,[9]<\/a> savunma politikas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctme, ordu olu\u015fturma, polis g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fclkesinin istedi\u011fi yerinde kullanabilme, s\u0131n\u0131rda kendi polisini bekletebilme, g\u00fcmr\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flevle\u015ftirme, g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi uygulama gibi devlet olman\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi hususlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda izinle yol alabiliyor. Bu izinler de i\u015fte bu m\u00fczakerelerle \u015fekilleniyor. \u0130ki devlet aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fczakerelerde ise iki taraf da Br\u00fcksel\u2019e yetki devri yapm\u0131\u015f kabul edilmeli, en az\u0131ndan AB konuyu b\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve belirlenmi\u015f rotan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na veya suland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na da izin vermeyecek.<\/p>\n Kosova, 2008\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti\u011finde S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n Presevo Vadisi’nde 50 bin etnik Arnavut\u2019u ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oldu; Kosova\u2019da ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,8 milyon n\u00fcfusun aras\u0131nda 120 bin S\u0131rp az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak kald\u0131. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da S\u0131rp n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki d\u00f6rt belediyenin S\u0131rbistan\u2019a; S\u0131rbistan\u2019da Arnavut n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pre\u015fova ve Bujonovac\u2019\u0131n Kosova\u2019ya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 zaman zaman dile getirilmi\u015f \u00f6nerilerden. Bu, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n etnik \u00e7izgiye uygun yeniden belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin \u00fctopik bir form\u00fcl olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir arazi de\u011fi\u015fiminde de s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131nda kalan insanlar olacakt\u0131r; her iki b\u00f6lgede de hem Arnavutlar hem S\u0131rplar ya\u015f\u0131yor. Kald\u0131 ki Kosova\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan S\u0131rplar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da toplamdaki S\u0131rp n\u00fcfusun azalmas\u0131 nedeniyle durum zorla\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131rbistan da bir nevi koz olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi Kosova i\u00e7indeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck S\u0131rp devlet\u00e7i\u011fini kaybetmek istemeyecektir. \u00a0Zaten Kosova\u2019y\u0131 toprak kayb\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren S\u0131rbistan Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyini de ancak buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir tazminat olarak de\u011ferlendirirken \u00fclkesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc daha masada kaybetmek istemeyecektir. Di\u011fer taraftan Karada\u011f\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00fczenlenmesi anla\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Arnavut muhalefet de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131. Bundan \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir kesimin Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki belediyelerin verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131na emin olunabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1999\u2019dan sonra S\u0131rplar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri sa\u011flan\u0131rken Arnavutlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esiyle engellenerek ve S\u0131rbistan ya da Bosna\u2019dan ba\u015fka S\u0131rplar\u0131n da yerle\u015ftirilmesiyle b\u00f6lgenin demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin haf\u0131za hen\u00fcz taze. Kald\u0131 ki Pre\u015fova Vadisi hakk\u0131ndaki Arnavut alg\u0131s\u0131 da b\u00f6yle bir pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makul g\u00f6rmeyecektir. Pre\u015foval\u0131 Arnavutlar elbette Kosova\u2019yla birle\u015fmek istiyorlar ama Kosova bunu b\u00f6yle bir form\u00fclle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istemiyor\u2026<\/p>\n Arnavutlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tarihsel bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7eren Kosova, Makedonya ve Pre\u015fova Vadisi\u2019nin 1945\u2019lerden itibaren par\u00e7a par\u00e7a b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek S\u0131rbistan\u2019a verilmesi sorunun temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, 1475 tarihli Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Kosova, Rumeli Beylerbeyli\u011fi b\u00fcnyesinde Vu\u00e7\u0131trin ve \u00dcsk\u00fcp Sancaklar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Pri\u015ftine \u00e7evresinin ad\u0131yd\u0131; Balkanlardaki ilk toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 1869\u2019da Ni\u015f, Pri\u015ftina, Dibra ve \u00dcsk\u00fcp\u2019\u00fc de i\u00e7ine alan Prizren Vilayeti\u2019ni kurdu. 1877-78 Rus sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 vilayet merkezi Pri\u015ftine’ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u00dcsk\u00fcp, Prizen, Yenipazar, \u0130pek, Ya\u015fl\u0131ca ve Debre vilayetlerini kapsayan Kosova Vilayeti kuruldu. T\u00fcm bu d\u00f6nem boyunca \u00dcsk\u00fcp ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n ortalar\u0131na dek uzanan topraklar ve Pre\u015fova Vadisi, Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi, Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde de durum ayn\u0131yd\u0131. 1945\u2019e dek. 1945\u2019de Kosova\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yeniden \u00e7izildi ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ra uygun \u015fekilde Kosova\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 Makedonya Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Arnavutlar\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu. Zira 700 bin Arnavut\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1954-1955\u2019de Yugoslavya \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Aleksandr Rankovi\u00e7\u2019in Arnavut ve T\u00fcrkleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme politikas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusuydu. Bu d\u00f6nemde Kosova\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Tito taraf\u0131ndan yeniden de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Tito, Kosova\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ve Arnavut n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Pre\u015fova, Medveca ve Bujanovats\u2019\u0131 (Pre\u015fova Vadisi) S\u0131rbistan\u2019a; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu S\u0131rp olan Zubin Potok<\/em> ve Leposavic<\/em> isimli iki belediyeyi de Kosova\u2019ya ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece S\u0131rbistan i\u00e7erisindeki iki \u015fehir ile Kosova topraklar\u0131nda bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.[10]<\/a> Nitekim bug\u00fcn\u00fcn taze Kosova Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u011fr\u0131tan Kuzey Kosova sorunu da o g\u00fcnlerden yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Zvecan<\/em> da 1991\u2019de Milosevi\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde Mitrovi\u00e7a \u015fehrinin 3. b\u00fcy\u00fck belediyesiydi, b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek ayr\u0131 bir belediye haline getirildi. Arnavutlara g\u00f6re, buraya sistemli \u015fekilde S\u0131rplar yerle\u015ftirildi. Ama 1999\u2019daki sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yine Arnavutlara aitti. Sava\u015ftan sonra uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerce bir nevi g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturarak b\u00f6lgeden ka\u00e7an Arnavutlar\u0131n kendi evlerine d\u00f6nmeleri engellendi. Kosova\u2019n\u0131n bu par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcrecinin sistemli bir S\u0131rp plan\u0131 oldu\u011funa, Na\u010dertanije\u2019nin ile S\u0131rp Sanat ve Bilimler Akademisi (SANU) Memorandumu\u2019nun halen daha g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu\u011funa Arnavutlarca inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kosova Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ta\u00e7i, 27 A\u011fustos tarihli r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda m\u00fczakerelerde hen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n konu\u015fulmas\u0131na uzak olduklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nlerinde uzla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir dizi ayr\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen Pre\u015fova kozunu kulland\u0131. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Balkanlar\u0131n beklemede olan pek \u00e7ok sorununda beklenmedik h\u0131zda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini inceleyerek payla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bunda AB\u2019nin ve \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131 siyaseten AB perspektifine ba\u011fl\u0131 tutma, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ve istikrar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ekonomik olarak b\u00f6lgenin desteklenmesi yoluyla Balkan insanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi topraklar\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama politikas\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi etkili oldu. T\u00fcm sorunlar i\u00e7in m\u00fczakereler daha yak\u0131ndan ve ciddiyetle takip ediliyor. Di\u011fer sorunlarda sa\u011flanan geli\u015fmeler, Kosova-S\u0131rbistan uzla\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da aniden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelivermesi ihtimalini ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i tutuyor.<\/p>\n Almanya,\u00a0 Kosova-S\u0131rbistan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki \u00fclkenin bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada\u00a0ya\u015fayacak form\u00fcle ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve tan\u0131may\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmuyor. ABD\u2019nin ise kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tan\u0131may\u0131 tercih etse de Kosova’n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, S\u0131rbistan’a tazminat olarak Kosova’n\u0131n kuzeyinin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi bir se\u00e7ene\u011fi tercih etmeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in Alman modelini kabul edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirdi. Ancak Ta\u00e7i’nin son a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan hemen sonra gelen toprak tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131, taraflar anla\u015f\u0131rsa destekleyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir kozun masaya konuldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor mu?<\/p>\n ABD, ger\u00e7ekten de Kosova’n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini Kosova’n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tercih edebilir mi? AB’nin kuca\u011f\u0131na asla \u201ctek ba\u015f\u0131na\u201d alt\u0131ndan kalkamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunlar ve ne zaman patlayaca\u011f\u0131 belli olmayan bir bomba b\u0131rakmak istiyorsa, evet. Balkanlardaki en ufak s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131 tetikleyece\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. \u00dcstelik Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’n\u0131n Kosova’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi karar\u0131nda Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar i\u00e7in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 paragraflar da yeni durumda \u00f6nemini ve \u00f6n alma i\u015flevini kaybedecektir. (Ayn\u0131 durumun, bu kararda Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na getirilen “ama” paragraflar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k.) Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7mesi, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n ve Karada\u011f\u2019\u0131n Sancak b\u00f6lgelerindeki Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131 tedbir almaya ve Bosna\u2019ya destek olmaya itecektir. Makedonya da etkilenecek olursa Balkanlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131k k\u00f6\u015fesi kalmaz. Bu senaryo daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fand\u0131 ve tekrar\u0131na izin vermeyecek pek \u00e7ok akt\u00f6r var. Almanya bunun 90\u2019lardaki versiyonunda yang\u0131na ate\u015fle yakla\u015fan taraftayd\u0131, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve di\u011ferleri gibi. Ama \u015fimdi ipleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde elinde tutuyor bl\u00f6flerin bl\u00f6f olarak kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak imkan\u0131 var. Almanya\u2019dan yap\u0131lan S\u0131rbistan-Kosova anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ABD’nin istek ve y\u00f6nlendirmelerine g\u00f6re de\u011fil AB’nin belirledi\u011fi kurallara g\u00f6re yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan son a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 da bunun g\u00f6stergesi olarak de\u011ferlendirelim. Dikkatten ka\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Mitrovi\u00e7a K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de facto s\u0131n\u0131r olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinin Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar i\u00e7in cesaret verici olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da not d\u00fc\u015felim. Bu nedenle Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen Badinter Komisyonu\u2019nun belirledi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7eveye uymay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek tutarl\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten, Kosova konusu a\u015f\u0131ls\u0131n da Almanya\u2019y\u0131\u00a0 bir de Bosna Hersek\u2019deki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Dodik ve ekibini dizginlerken g\u00f6relim\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.b92.net\/eng\/news\/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=08&dd=24&nav_id=104932<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.b92.net\/eng\/news\/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=08&dd=25&nav_id=104934-%2025%20ag<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-08-26\/eu-urged-to-back-serbia-and-kosovo-as-they-mull-border-change<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/enlargement\/news\/serbia-eyes-kosovo-border-review-opposed-by-merkel\/<\/a><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.b92.net\/eng\/news\/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=08&dd=27&nav_id=104936<\/a>; https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/enlargement\/news\/commission-encourages-border-corrections-to-settle-kosovo-serbia-relations\/<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.b92.net\/eng\/news\/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=08&dd=08&nav_id=104817<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> https:\/\/europeanwesternbalkans.com\/2018\/08\/27\/ewb-interview-thaci-kosovos-eu-future-elusive-without-agreement-serbia\/<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> Bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in kendileriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fim r\u00f6portajlara bak\u0131labilir: G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, Kosova: \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r\u201dS\u0131z bir S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Devlet Modeli Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bumerang\u0131 E\u015fi\u011finde Kosova, 2023 Dergisi, \u015eubat 2012; G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Arayan Kosova, 2023 Dergisi, Ocak 2012; G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, M\u00fctekabiliyet \u0130steyen Pre\u015fova: S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Son Arnavut Esirleri, 2023 Dergisi, \u015eubat 2013.<\/p>\nM\u00fczakerelere haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken <\/strong><\/h2>\n
M\u00fczakerelerde yanl\u0131\u015f hamle: Pre\u015fova kozu<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Kosoval\u0131 S\u0131rplar ve Pre\u015foval\u0131 Arnavutlar\u0131n haklar\u0131 e\u015fitlenebilir mi<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n
Pre\u015fova Vadisi nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm istiyor? <\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u0130ki taraf da isterse arazi de\u011fi\u015fimi bir se\u00e7enek mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n