{"id":343,"date":"2017-10-26T11:58:20","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T08:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/?p=343"},"modified":"2018-03-10T11:29:53","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T08:29:53","slug":"avrasya-gumruk-birligi-turkiye-icin-eksen-kaymasidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/avrasya-gumruk-birligi-turkiye-icin-eksen-kaymasidir\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in Eksen Kaymas\u0131d\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

AB ayr\u0131, Almanya ayr\u0131 de\u011fil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Angela Merkel\u2019in \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ile g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fini geni\u015fletmeyece\u011fiz\u201d<\/em> s\u00f6zlerinin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye Almanya ili\u015fkilerindeki gerginlik giderek zirveye t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Almanya\u2019daki se\u00e7imlerde oy kullanacak T\u00fcrklere \u201cBu partilere oy vermeyin\u201d<\/em> \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, ipleri kopma noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015ftir. Merkel, Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung gazetesinde 10 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan demecinde, \u201cEkim ay\u0131nda toplanacak Avrupa Konseyi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye ile ilgili politikam\u0131z\u0131n analizini yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ben, \u00fcye \u00fclkeler olarak bu konuda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7ine girece\u011fimizi sanm\u0131yorum\u2026 \u00d6zellikle iki konuyu dikkate alaca\u011f\u0131z. Biri G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin geni\u015flememesini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fece\u011fiz. \u0130kincisi ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB\u2019ye tam \u00fcyelik s\u00fcrecinin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131n veya tamamen bitirilmesinin karar\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fiz. Ataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz. Masada bir\u00e7ok opsiyon var\u201d <\/em>demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Konu hakk\u0131nda siyaset\u00e7ilerin Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (AB) ayr\u0131, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki deme\u00e7leri ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Almanya \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ayr\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinden sonra Avrupa Birli\u011fi i\u00e7indeki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck karar al\u0131c\u0131 \u00fclkeden biri ve en \u00f6nemlisidir. AB\u2019de al\u0131nacak kararlar\u0131 etkilememesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Almanya; G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimi (K\u0131br\u0131s), Hollanda, Avusturya, Fransa ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcyeli\u011fine s\u0131cak bakmayan\u00a0 \u00a0\u00fcye \u00fclkeleri de yan\u0131na alarak oybirli\u011fi gerektiren konular d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda AB\u2019den istedi\u011fi karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma imkan\u0131na sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, 1 Nisan 2017\u2019den bu yana Konsey\u2019de karar almada uygulanan y\u00fczde 65 n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla sa\u011flayabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, Almanya ile ili\u015fkilerin gerilmesi, bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki vatanda\u015flar da kriz sebebiyle s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya girebilir.<\/p>\n

Br\u00fcksel mi yak\u0131n Moskova m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Ticari ve Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finde Yeni D\u00f6nem ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen T\u00fcrkiye-Rusya \u0130\u015f Forumu\u2019nda bir konu\u015fma yapan Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 Nihat Zeybekci, Merkel\u2019in \u2018g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fini g\u00fcncellemeyece\u011fiz\u2019<\/em> demecinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB ile olan birlikten ayr\u0131lmadan Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne d\u00e2hil olmay\u0131 hedeflediklerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (H\u00fcrriyet, 19.08.2017) Bakan Zeybek\u00e7i Pamukkale\u2019de 13 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen Serbest B\u00f6lgeler \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada da \u201cAvrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Biz orada olmak zorunday\u0131z. K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmak zorunday\u0131z. Orta Afrika Birli\u011fi denen\u2026 birli\u011fin i\u00e7inde yer almak zorunday\u0131z\u201d <\/em>diyerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrasya Ekonomik (G\u00fcmr\u00fck) Birli\u011fi\u2019nde yer almas\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015ftur. Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakan\u0131 Faruk \u00d6zl\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn \u201cAnkara-Moskova aras\u0131ndaki mesafe, Ankara-Br\u00fcksel aras\u0131ndaki mesafeden daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r\u201d<\/em> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n da fiziksel km uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Ankara-Moskova 2,406 km, Ankara-Br\u00fcksel ise 3,121 km\u2019dir. Aksi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkileri sorgulan\u0131r duruma gelir.<\/p>\n

Bakan Zeybek\u00e7i\u2019nin \u201cAvrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Biz orada olmak zorunday\u0131z\u201d <\/em>g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015femez.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Katma Protokol de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece GATT\/WTO kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fince T\u00fcrkiye ayn\u0131 anda iki farkl\u0131 g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olamaz. (S. R\u0131dvan Karluk, Uluslararas\u0131 Kurulu\u015flar<\/em>, Beta Bas\u0131m, 7. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014, s. 225-285) Say\u0131n Bakan bu durumu bilmeden a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir. 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda rahmetli Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n oluru ile Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nda AET Dairesini (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki AB Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcvesi) kuran ve AB konusundaki iki temel kitab\u0131 14 bask\u0131 yapan, bu konuda \u00e7ok say\u0131da yay\u0131n\u0131 olan bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak konuyu a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, kamuoyunun neyin olup, neyin olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ifte standart standartla\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Merkel, ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan AB\u2019deki etkin iki siyaset\u00e7iden biridir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi bir \u2018ahdi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Merkel ile \u00f6nceki Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nicolas Sarkozy taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6nerilen imtiyazl\u0131 ortakl\u0131k, uluslararas\u0131 hukukta ge\u00e7erli olan \u2018ahde vefa\u2019 (pacta sunt servanda) kural\u0131n\u0131 yok saymak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Katma Protokol\u2019de imtiyazl\u0131 ortakl\u0131k \u015feklinde bir tan\u0131mlama yoktur. T\u00fcrkiye AB ile g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir anlamda imtiyazl\u0131 ortak stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedir.\u00a0 AB\u2019ye sonradan kat\u0131lan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Yunanistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke \u00f6nce g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fine girerek \u00fcye olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 AB mevzuat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye imtiyazl\u0131 ortakl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olursa, Lizbon ve Ankara Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ile Katma Protokol\u2019\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hukuki zorunluluk olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Oyunuz yok ama kararlar\u0131m\u0131za uyacaks\u0131n\u0131z!<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fczakerelerin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n direni\u015fini k\u0131ran \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Patisi milletvekili ve d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Jack Straw 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0\u00a0 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 18\u2019nci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hasta Adam Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Veriyor: Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Straw, m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana Angela Merkel ile Nicolas Sarkozy gibi Avrupal\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak, bu iki siyaset\u00e7inin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcyeli\u011fini arzulamamas\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “33 m\u00fczakere ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 17’si engellenmi\u015f durumda. Hi\u00e7bir aday \u00fclkeye b\u00f6yle davran\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Acil sorun K\u0131br\u0131s’t\u0131r. Bu sorun, Fransa, Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere tek ses olursa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Fransa’n\u0131n eski Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nicolas Sarkozy, Avrupa’n\u0131n kendisine s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011finde, co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kastetmemi\u015fti. \u00d6yle olsayd\u0131, Malta veya G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n al\u0131nmamas\u0131 gerekirdi. Kastetti\u011fi dini s\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131. T\u00fcm bunda kaybedecek olan AB’dir, T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye’nin AB’ye duydu\u011fu ihtiya\u00e7tan \u00e7ok, AB’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye \u015fu anda ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.” <\/em>(Straw, 2013, Chapter 18)<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin baz\u0131 \u00fcyeleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi tam \u00fcye olarak alma konusunda isteksizdir ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u015fka denizlere yelken a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 da istemezler.\u00a0 AB Devlet ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 17 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihinde \u015fu karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: E\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye AB\u2019ye \u00fcye olamazsa, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB kurumlar\u0131na demirlenmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. (\u2026is fully anchored in the European structures) Demirlemek \u015fu demektir: \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne e\u011fer \u00fcye olamayacaksan\u0131z, AB\u2019den fazla uzaklara da gitmeyin.\u201d<\/em> Bu durumu T\u00fcrkiye kabul edemez.<\/p>\n

AB ile anla\u015fmalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ba\u011fl\u0131yor ama AB\u2019yi ba\u011flam\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’yi Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (ilk ismi ile AET’ye) ortak \u00fcye yapan Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131) 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1963 tarihinde Ankara’da imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve 1 Aral\u0131k 1964 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fbakan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n imza t\u00f6reninde, “Bu Anla\u015fma, T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa’y\u0131 ebediyete kadar ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r” <\/em>diyerek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131, Roma Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 238\u2019nci maddesine dayanmakta ve T\u00fcrkiye-Topluluk ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkelerini belirlemektedir. AET Komisyonu’nun o d\u00f6nemdeki Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alman Profes\u00f6r Walter Hallstein, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ankara’daki t\u00f6rende yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, “Belli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminden sonra T\u00fcrkiye’nin AET’ye tam \u00fcye olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini”<\/em> savunmu\u015ftur. Hallstein’in bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 28\u2019nci maddesidir.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma, Topluluk (AET) ile imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Topluluk i\u00e7in do\u011frudan uygulanan bir Topluluk Hukuk Belgesi’dir. Topluluk \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerce imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk Belgesi’dir. Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Katma Protokol, birincil Topluluk hukukudur. Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’nda taraflara fesih hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u00fcresi de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple, Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fene kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalmas\u0131 gerekir. (S. R\u0131dvan Karluk, Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/em>, Beta Bas\u0131m, 11. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014, s. 18-26)<\/p>\n

Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’yi AET’ye \u2018ortak \u00fcye\u2019 yapan, taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fine dayanan ve ileride tam \u00fcyeli\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131’d\u0131r. Ana ilkeleri ve temelleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Roma Anla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan esinlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye-Topluluk ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkelerini belirleyen bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fmad\u0131r. Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye’yi \u00fcyeli\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren bir ortakl\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu baz\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 hukuk\u00e7u ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler de kabul etmektedirler. T\u00fcrk-Alman ili\u015fkilerinde uzman olan Heinz Kramer, Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n nihai a\u015famada T\u00fcrkiye’nin AET’ye \u00fcye olabilece\u011fi bir ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirtirken, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n 28\u2019nci maddesine dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Thomas Oppermann ise Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n \u00fcyeli\u011fe giden bir ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7erdi\u011fini ve hedefinin tam \u00fcyelik oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Sevince Davas\u0131’ndaki yarg\u0131\u00e7lardan Manfred Zuleeg de, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n hedefinin tam \u00fcyelik oldu\u011funu belirttikten sonra, Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in \u00f6nko\u015ful i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine de\u011finmektedir. Zuleeg, arka plan\u0131ndaki as\u0131l amac\u0131n \u00fcyelik oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. Yunanistan’\u0131n tam \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine haz\u0131rlanan Komisyon G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ilgili belgede de T\u00fcrkiye’nin Topluluk aras\u0131ndaki yasal ili\u015fkilerin nihai amac\u0131n\u0131n tam \u00fcyelik oldu\u011fu, yoruma gerek b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bitmeyen davalar ve kararlar tarihi<\/strong><\/p>\n

AB Adalet Divan\u0131’nda a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk davalardan olan Demirel Davas\u0131’n\u0131n Hukuk S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Marco Darmon, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fini, Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 ile AET’nin i\u00e7inde bir araya gelmi\u015f halklar aras\u0131nda gittik\u00e7e daha s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar kurma iradesine ba\u011flamakta ve \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: “…238\u2019nci madde temelinde yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmay\u0131 AET-A’mn (Roma Anla\u015fmas\u0131) 177\u2019nci maddesi anlam\u0131nda bir organ\u0131n eylemi olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Atina Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (Md.72) ve Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (Md.28), ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerini ileride anla\u015fmaya taraf olan devletlerin tam \u00fcyeli\u011fine aktarmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131, Topluluk ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda gittik\u00e7e geli\u015fen bir g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Anla\u015fma, a\u015famal\u0131 bir \u00f6n ortakl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Katma Protokol, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 4\u2019nc\u00fc, Ge\u00e7ici Protokol’\u00fcn 1\u2019nci maddesine dayan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00d6n Kat\u0131l\u0131m Anla\u015fmas\u0131’d\u0131r \u00a0(preadhesion). Bu durumdan \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 \u015fudur: Ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminden sonraki d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye’nin AB \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 25\u2019nci maddesi gere\u011fince akit taraflar, Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n uygulama ve yorumu ile ilgili olarak T\u00fcrkiye’yi, Toplulu\u011fu, Topluluk \u00fcyesi bir devleti ilgilendiren her anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi’ne getirebilirler. Konsey, anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar yolu ile \u00e7\u00f6zebilir. Ayr\u0131ca anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adalet Divan\u0131’na veya mevcut herhangi bir ba\u015fka yarg\u0131 merciine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Taraflardan her biri, karar\u0131n veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn yerine getirilmesinin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6nlemleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. (S. R\u0131dvan Karluk, Avrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye \u0130li\u015fkileri,<\/em> Beta Bas\u0131m, \u0130stanbul, 2013, s. 33-56)<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi, Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 22\u2019nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar ile taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flar. Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n 22\/1 maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: “Anla\u015fma ile belirtilen ama\u00e7lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ve Anla\u015fma’n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi’nin karar yetkisi vard\u0131r. \u0130ki taraftan her biri, al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kararlar\u0131n yerine getirilmesinin gerektirdi\u011fi tedbirleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.” <\/em>\u00a0Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 22\u2019nci maddenin 3\u2019nc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile, ortakl\u0131k rejiminin uygulanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda anla\u015fma hedeflerinden birisine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ortak bir eylemin gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda, Konsey\u2019e uygun kararlar\u0131 alma g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Konsey, ulusal parlamentolar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre gerektiren yasa \u00e7\u0131karma s\u00fcrecini beklemek zorunda kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n yetki a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatma imkan\u0131na sahiptir. Bu imkan, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin son d\u00f6neminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ni tamamlayan 1\/95 say\u0131l\u0131 Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi Karar\u0131 (OKK) al\u0131nabilmi\u015ftir. Bu OKK, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yanl\u0131\u015f olarak G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir. Oysa bu d\u00fczenleme Anla\u015fma olmay\u0131p, Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi Karar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi Kararlar\u0131, AB’nin ikincil hukukudur. Bu durum, Adalet Divan\u0131’n\u0131n 2\/76 ve 1\/80 say\u0131l\u0131 OKK ba\u011flam\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu 20 Eyl\u00fcl 1990 tarihli Sevince Karar\u0131 ile kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sevince Karar\u0131 ile OKK\u2019lar\u0131n Topluluk hukukunun ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7alar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ve do\u011frudan hukuki etkiye sahip olduklar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi Adalet Divan, Demirel Karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye-Topluluk ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemli noktas\u0131na 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle dikkati \u00e7ekmi\u015fti: “… \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclke ile \u00f6zel ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler yarat\u0131rken, 238\u2019nci madde, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 AET-A’n\u0131n (Roma Anla\u015fmas\u0131) kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm alanlara ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yerine getirilmesini teminat alt\u0131na alma yetkisini Toplulu\u011fa tan\u0131mak zorundad\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> Divan bu Karar’la, ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi sonunda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da olsa ortak \u00fclkenin Topluluk sistemine belirli bir kat\u0131lmay\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bakanlar nas\u0131l bak\u0131\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 Zeybekci, \u0130zmir\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB\u2019den ayr\u0131lmadan Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (do\u011frusu Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi ya da Toplulu\u011fu) dahil olmay\u0131 hedeflediklerini s\u00f6ylerken, D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (WTO) g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye ile AB aras\u0131nda Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Katma Protokol gibi taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flayan uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131nan kararlar varken, GATT\/WTO h\u00fck\u00fcmleri taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flarken, T\u00fcrkiye ayn\u0131 anda hem AB ile G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi ve hem de Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde bulunamaz. Olmaz ama varsayal\u0131m ki oldu, bu durumda AB\u2019den s\u0131f\u0131r g\u00fcmr\u00fckle ithal edilen otomobiller Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelere s\u0131f\u0131r g\u00fcmr\u00fckle girer ve serbest dola\u015f\u0131mda olur ki, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bununla beraber Bakan Zeybekci\u2019nin bir tespiti ger\u00e7ek\u00e7idir. Bakan\u2019\u0131n AB yetkililerinin, g\u00fcncellemenin her iki taraf\u0131n da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na oldu\u011fu, en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde net beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ve de 28 AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkenin oy birli\u011fiyle bu g\u00fcncelleme i\u00e7in yetki talebinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmesi do\u011frudur. \u00a0Fakat daha sonra \u201cG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin g\u00fcncellenmesi bizim i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz de\u011fildir\u201d <\/em>a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, yukar\u0131daki do\u011fru tespiti ile \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin geni\u015flemesi ne getirir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye AB \u00fcyesi olamayabilir ama taraflar aras\u0131nda iyi i\u015fleyen bir G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi vard\u0131r. 31 Aral\u0131k 1995 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesi t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. 18-19 Temmuz 2017 tarihlerindeki AB-T\u00fcrkiye Karma \u0130sti\u015fare Komitesi\u2019ne Business Europe ad\u0131na konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak kat\u0131lan Sofia Bournou, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncellenmesinin her iki taraf i\u00e7in de ekonomik yarar sa\u011flayacak olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, T\u00fcrkiye’deki siyasi ortam\u0131 olumlu y\u00f6nde etkileyebilecek kapsaml\u0131 reformlar\u0131 da te\u015fvik edebilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Bournou, en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ni g\u00fcncelleme m\u00fczakerelerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 Business Europe\u2019un destekledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (BusinessEurope calls for the launch of negotiations to update the Customs Union as soon as possible)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesi 29 Kas\u0131m 2015 ve 18 Mart 2016 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan AB-T\u00fcrkiye zirve kararlar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fartlar\u0131na uyarlanmas\u0131 taraflar\u0131n yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. AB Komisyonu\u2019nun g\u00fcnl\u00fck bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesi \u00fczerine AB Komisyonu Ba\u015f S\u00f6zc\u00fc Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mina Andreeva, AB-T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fcksek D\u00fczeyli Diyalog Toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak, \u201cG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesi bizim (\u00fcye \u00fclkelere) teklif etti\u011fimiz bir \u015fey\u201d <\/em>demi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zc\u00fc Carlos Martin Ruiz de Gordejuela ise, AB\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye ile ili\u015fkisinin devam etmesinin son geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gerekli oldu\u011funu, kat\u0131l\u0131m fonlar\u0131yla reformlar, temel haklar, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi alanlara odaklan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Gordejuela, Komisyon\u2019un 2016 sonunda G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncellenmesi i\u00e7in AB Konseyi\u2019nden yetki talep etti\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cKomisyon, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesinin, her iki tarafa da \u00f6nemli ekonomik yararlar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesiyle G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi; tar\u0131m, hizmetler, sanayi ve kamu al\u0131mlar\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fleyecek, AB\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelerle imzalayaca\u011f\u0131 serbest ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ma\u011fdur olmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenecektir. G\u00fcncelle\u015ftirme ve derinle\u015fme s\u00fcreci, AB ile ABD aras\u0131nda m\u00fczakereleri devam eden fakat Trump\u2019un ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesiyle duraklayan \u00a0\u00a0Transatlantik Ticaret ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na (TTIP) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Trump\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesinden \u00f6nce, iki taraf yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131l boyunca Trans Atlantik Ticaret ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde m\u00fczakere ederek ticaretin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin bir\u00e7o\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. E\u011fer TTIP biraz zor da olsa ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin TTIP d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 durumunda kayb\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. Almanya\u2019da yerle\u015fik IFO Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IFO Institute for Economic Research) taraf\u0131ndan Almanya Federal Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik kayb\u0131n\u0131n 20 milyar dolar (milli gelirinin %2,5\u2019i) civar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Derinle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi tam \u00fcyelikten uzakla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde teredd\u00fctler de vard\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcyelik vizyonunun korunmas\u0131, siyasi kriterlere uyum ile sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 (WB) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan raporda G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin derinle\u015ftirilmesinin T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00fczerinde olumlu etkileri olaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ticaretindeki tarife ve tarife d\u0131\u015f\u0131 engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte hizmetler ticaretinin serbestle\u015ftirilmesi senaryosunda milli gelirin y\u00fczde 0,46 oran\u0131nda (cari rakamlarla yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,5 milyar dolar) artabilece\u011fi hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0<\/strong>Derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan getirece\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin yakla\u015f\u0131k\u00a0\u00a0 y\u00fczde 70\u2019ni olu\u015fturan hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn AB rekabetine a\u00e7\u0131lacak olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu geli\u015fme, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin milli gelirini\u00a0\u00a0 y\u00fczde 0,2 oran\u0131nda (2014 y\u0131l\u0131 rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1,5 milyar dolar) art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne dahil edilmesi; bankac\u0131l\u0131k, ula\u015ft\u0131rma, haberle\u015fme, enerji ve turizm sekt\u00f6rlerini de olumlu etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck birliklerinde \u00e7ok e\u015flilik <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi, gelelim Say\u0131n Bakan Zeybekci\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne dahil olmak i\u00e7in bu y\u0131l ba\u015fvuruda bulunulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na. Konuya girmeden bir Latin \u00f6zdeyi\u015fini hat\u0131rlatmak isterim: \u201cSuyun ta\u015f\u0131 delmesi g\u00fcc\u00fcnden de\u011fil s\u00fcreklili\u011findendir.\u201d <\/em>(Gutta cavat lapidem non vi, sed s\u00e6pe cadendo) Bakan Zeybek\u00e7i yukar\u0131da da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz gibi Pamukkale\u2019de 13 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen Serbest B\u00f6lgeler \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cAvrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir\u201d<\/em> diyerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi\u2019nde (Toplulu\u011funda) yer almas\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftu. \u00a0Fakat, 20 Mart 2017 tarihinde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yolculu\u011fu, Avrupal\u0131 dostlar\u0131 ile birlikte medeniyet yolculu\u011fudur<\/em>\u201d derken hakl\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler ve \u00f6zellikle Almanya ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ili\u015fkiler, hi\u00e7bir zaman Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rt\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Almanya ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00e7ok mal satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcmr\u00fck ve Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re Almanya’ya olan ihracat\u0131n toplam ihracat i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131\u00a0y\u00fczde 9,7’den y\u00fczde 9,3’e d\u00fc\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen\u00a0bu \u00fclkeye\u00a0ihracat 595 milyon dolar artarak 14,7 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB ile olan g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131karak Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fine girmek, bu pazar\u0131 kaybetmek demektir. Bu geli\u015fme, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ihracat\u0131n\u0131\u00a0ve de d\u00f6viz gelirlerini olumsuz etkileyerek\u00a0cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

17 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihinde AB ile m\u00fczakere tarihinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Br\u00fcksel\u2019den yurda d\u00f6nen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdullah G\u00fcl ve Ba\u015fbakan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Ankara\u2019da t\u00f6renlerle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, K\u0131z\u0131lay Meydan\u0131\u2019nda g\u00fcnd\u00fcz vakti havai fi\u015fekli t\u00f6ren d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cAyd\u0131nl\u0131k yar\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yolda hamdolsun, d\u00fcn m\u00fczakere s\u00fcreciyle ilgili tarihi 3 Ekim olarak alm\u0131\u015f bulunuyoruz\u2026ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok gayretler oldu. Bir\u00e7ok liderin AB yolunda m\u00fccadelesi oldu. A\u015fama a\u015fama \u015f\u00fcphesiz bir yerlere gelindi\u2026 Bundan sonra \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde uzun, zorlu yollar var unutmay\u0131n. Bundan sonra \u00fclkemizde demokrasi daha fakl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00fc\u00e7 bulacakt\u0131r\u2026T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki yerini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, alacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Nereye gidece\u011fin bilmeyen kaptana\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile ilgili temaslarda bulunmak \u00fczere 5 Eyl\u00fcl 2015 tarihinde\u00a0gitti\u011fi Br\u00fcksel’de \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi stratejik hedeftir\u201d<\/em> demi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdullah G\u00fcl de 9 May\u0131s 2013 tarihinde kutlanan Avrupa G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011finin pek \u00e7ok konuda AB\u2019ye \u00f6nemli art\u0131lar getirece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan 9 May\u0131s Avrupa G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0mesajda da referandum s\u00fcrecinde kap\u0131y\u0131 kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyeli\u011fini T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in stratejik hedef olarak nitelemi\u015ftir: \u201cTarihi, co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan \u00fclkemiz, stratejik hedef olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc AB \u00fcyelik s\u00fcrecini, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131, e\u015fitlik ve kazan-kazan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devam ettirmek arzusundad\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan Ahmet Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun 28 Ocak 2015,\u00a0AB Bakan\u0131 Volkan Bozk\u0131r\u2019\u0131n\u00a018 May\u0131s\u00a02016 tarihinde \u201cAB bizim i\u00e7in stratejik bir hedeftir\u201d<\/em> ve\u00a0D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu\u2019nun\u00a09 Ocak 2017 tarihindeki \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa eksiktir\u201d<\/em> a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131,\u00a0AB ile iplerin\u00a0hen\u00fcz kopma noktas\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir \u00a0 Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mehmet \u015eim\u015fek\u00a0de\u00a0\u201cAB bizim i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7\u0131pa, Bat\u0131\u2019dan bir kopu\u015f g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum\u201d<\/em>\u00a0tespitinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Di\u011fer Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Nurettin Canikli\u00a0de \u201cAvrupa, bizim en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik ortaklar\u0131m\u0131zdan biridir. Bu ticaretten her iki taraf da \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u0130ki taraf\u0131n menfaatini y\u00fckseltecek \u015fekilde ili\u015fkilerimiz devam edecektir\u201d<\/em> demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m 21 A\u011fustos 2017 tarihinde Singapur\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye’nin temel d\u0131\u015f politika eksenleri bug\u00fcn de g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi, \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in stratejik hedef olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u201d<\/em> diyerek \u00f6nemli bir tespitte bulunmu\u015ftur: \u201cAB ile \u00e7ok boyutlu ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc ili\u015fkilerimiz var. AB ile G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olan tek aday \u00fclkeyiz. T\u00fcrkiye, AB’nin be\u015finci b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 ve AB ile ticaretimiz yakla\u015f\u0131k 146 milyar dolar seviyesindedir. G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’ni g\u00fcncelleyerek ticaret hacmini iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hedefliyoruz ve bunun ba\u015far\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.” <\/em><\/p>\n

Orta Asya \u00fclkeleri ile ekonomik ili\u015fkileri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak geli\u015ftirmek ile g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi gibi ileri seviyede bir ekonomik entegrasyona gitmek, ba\u015fka ba\u015fka \u015feylerdir. Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, elma ile armudu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekir. B\u00f6yle bir birlikteli\u011fin hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB-T\u00fcrkiye G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi s\u00fcrecinde bir a\u015famad\u0131r. AB\u2019ye tam \u00fcye olunursa T\u00fcrkiye; egemenlik yetkilerinin k\u0131smen devredildi\u011fi, al\u0131nan ortak kararlara t\u00fcm \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin uymak zorunda bulunduklar\u0131, Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda demokrasi ile y\u00f6netilen, \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in ekonomik (Maastricht) ve siyasi (Kopenhag) kriterleri yerine getiren, ekonomik entegrasyona (b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye) dayanan ve sadece Avrupal\u0131 \u00fclkelerden olu\u015fan bir uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015fa kat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrasya Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekonomi Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi sokmak istedi\u011fi Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi ise \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir kurulu\u015ftur. Birli\u011fin temelleri, Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (orijinal ismiyle Avrasya Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu: Eurasian Economic Community: EurAsEC ya da AEB) kurulmas\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 Ocak 1995 tarihinde Rusya ile Belarus aras\u0131nda g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildikten 5 y\u0131l sonra AEB Anla\u015fmas\u0131, 10 Ekim 2000 tarihinde Astana\u2019da Beyaz Rusya, Rusya, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Tacikistan Cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131nca imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ocak 2006 tarihinde \u00d6zbekistan Birli\u011fe kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 6\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zbekistan \u00fcyeli\u011fini 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda dondurmu\u015ftur. May\u0131s 2002\u2019de Moldova ve Ukrayna, Nisan 2003\u2019de Ermenistan Kurulu\u015f\u2019a g\u00f6zlemci \u00fclke olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

16 A\u011fustos 2006 tarihinde So\u00e7i\u2019de Aleksand\u0131r Luka\u015fenko, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Vladimir Putin, Emomali Rahmon ve \u0130slam Kerimov\u2019un kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konsey toplant\u0131s\u0131nda AEB (EurAsEC) \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birli\u011fin kurucu \u00fcyeleri Beyaz Rusya, Kazakistan ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019dur. Di\u011fer AEB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin ekonomileri g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fine kat\u0131lmaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131nda birli\u011fe \u00fcye olacaklard\u0131r. 6 Ekim 2007 tarihinde Du\u015fanbe\u2019de yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin stat\u00fcs\u00fc belirlenmi\u015f ve bu konuda baz\u0131 temel anla\u015fmalar imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan G\u00fcmr\u00fck Kodu 6 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00a0G\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ve ortak ekonomik alan (common economic space) yak\u0131n gelecekte Birlik i\u00e7inde ekonomik entegrasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, ki\u015filerin refah seviyesinin artmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. (http:\/\/www.evrazes.com\/i\/other\/EurAsEC-today_eng.pdf<\/a>, s.32)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin amac\u0131, bu temel \u00fczerinde \u00fcye devletleri birle\u015ftirmek ve uzun d\u00f6nemde di\u011fer Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu (CIS) \u00fcyelerini ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamakt\u0131r. Birli\u011fe Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 dahil eden anla\u015fma 9 Ekim 2014\u2019de onaylanm\u0131\u015f, Rusya Devlet Dumas\u0131 Anla\u015fma\u2019y\u0131 26 Eyl\u00fcl 2015\u2019de uygun bulmu\u015ftur. 23 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve Ermenistan, 1 Ocak 2015 tarihinde fiilen hayata ge\u00e7en Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Kazakistan, Rusya ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcst \u00e7at\u0131 kurulu\u015fu olan \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Kurulu\u015fu (SCO) \u00fcyesidir. Belarus ise Diyalog Orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Birlik, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Orta Asya\u2019daki ekonomik aya\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ekonomik birle\u015fmedeki sorunlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Birli\u011fin siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fc daha a\u011f\u0131r basmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan 18 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde Rusya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyarette Putin\u2019e \u201cZaman zaman bize tak\u0131l\u0131yorsun. AB\u2019de ne i\u015fin var diyorsun. O zaman ben de \u015fimdi size tak\u0131lay\u0131m. Hadi gelin bizi \u015eanghay Be\u015flisi\u2019ne dahil edin, biz de AB\u2019yi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim \u015feklinde bir latife yapt\u0131m\u201d<\/em> demi\u015ftir ama T\u00fcrkiye bu Be\u015flide de yer alamaz. E\u011fer T\u00fcrkiye \u015eanghay Be\u015flisine (\u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) tam \u00fcye olursa, bu durumda Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek durumunda kal\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015e\u0130\u00d6\u2019ne \u00fcye \u00fclkelerinin hi\u00e7biri NATO ve OECD \u00fcyesi olmay\u0131p, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcyeleri de Avrupa Konseyi\u2019ne de \u00fcye de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi fikrinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fine \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektedir. Nazarbayev 24 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Minsk\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Y\u00fcksek Ekonomik Konsey toplant\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrasya Birli\u011fine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tavsiyede bulunmu\u015ftur. Kazakistan i\u00e7in bir m\u00fcttefik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen T\u00fcrkiye, Rusya i\u00e7in siyasi, jeopolitik ve de jeokonjonkt\u00fcrel bir rakiptir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Avrasyas\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrkiye kap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ortak olup, Avrasya kap\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u00e7eri kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak girmesi Rusya i\u00e7in bir tehdittir.<\/p>\n

\u2026 hi\u00e7bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n faydas\u0131 yoktur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rusya i\u00e7in Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi bir ekonomik birle\u015fme de\u011fil, Avrasya projesi kapsam\u0131nda eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fini yeniden hayata ge\u00e7irme s\u00fcrecidir. Projede Orta Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetleri vard\u0131r ama T\u00fcrkiye yoktur. Bu durum, Eseng\u00fcl Kafk\u0131z\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Prof. Dr. Abd\u00fclvahap Kara taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen ve T\u00fcrkistan gazetesinde 14 Kas\u0131m 2013 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cAnkara G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne Kat\u0131lmay\u0131 Ger\u00e7ekten \u0130stiyor mu? Kazakistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n Teklifi \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nde G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin Farkl\u0131 Oldu\u011funu Ortaya \u00c7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f Gibidir\u201d<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Kafk\u0131z\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAB bizi oyalarsa biz de alternatif arar\u0131z, \u015eanghay 5\u2019lisi bizi kabul etsin, AB\u2019ye ho\u015f\u00e7a kal deriz\u201d<\/em> demecinin de perde arkas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan 12 A\u011fustos 2010 tarihinde Ankara\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilere verdi\u011fi iftar yeme\u011finde “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politika ekseni de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir”<\/em> dese de e\u011fer Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Katma Protokol\u2019\u00fc bir an i\u00e7in fesh edip Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fine girersek, o zaman T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de eksen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelir. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin girmesi, Ermenistan\u2019a uygulanan ambargolar\u0131n kalkmas\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle meydana gelen olumsuz geli\u015fmeler sebebiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 200 y\u0131ld\u0131r Bat\u0131\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Kurulu\u015fu ve Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi gibi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik etkinli\u011finde olan kurulu\u015flara y\u00f6neltmesi, hi\u00e7bir zaman bir alternatif olamaz. \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in zaman zaman \u201cBat\u0131ya giden gemide Do\u011fuya ko\u015fan \u00fclke\u201d<\/em> benzetmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcye oldu\u011fu Avrupal\u0131 ekonomik, askeri ve siyasi kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan ispatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm Avrupal\u0131 kurulu\u015flara \u00fcye de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Numan Kurtulmu\u015f\u2019un T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi sonucunda kay\u0131plar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi ve \u201cG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ni yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve m\u00fczakere etmesi zaruridir\u201d<\/em> demesi hem do\u011fru ve hem de yanl\u0131\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131r. Do\u011frudur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re derinle\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. Yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ile T\u00fcrkiye kay\u0131plar ya\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretilen buzdolab\u0131, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi ve televizyonlar\u0131n ithal edilen benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden bir fark\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eahs\u0131ma son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r her \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir anket formu yollayarak T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisindeki geli\u015fmeler konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi alan \u00a0M\u00fcnih merkezli \u00a0Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc IFO\u2019nun \u00a0(Information und Forschung \/research ) D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 Erdal Yal\u00e7\u0131n, \u00a027 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te \u00a0g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmesini istemeyen siyaset\u00e7ileri \u015f\u00f6yle ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir: \u201cG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi’nin modernle\u015ftirilmemesi, hatta bu y\u00f6nde bask\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 karar al\u0131nmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iktisadi sorunlar\u0131n h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp devasa sorunlar sarmal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Zaten zorlu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7mekte olan bir \u00fclkeyi iktisadi bask\u0131larla daha da istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak ne Avrupa ne de T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011finin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f pazar ve rekabet ortam\u0131 sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye Almanya\u2019ya otomobil ihra\u00e7 eden \u00fclke durumuna gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de art\u0131k Anadol, Murat, Renault 12 otomobilleri \u00fcretilmemektedir. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 6 ay\u0131nda otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fc 14,3 milyar dolarl\u0131k ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u0130hracat\u0131n y\u00fczde 78,24\u2019\u00fc (11,2 milyar dolar) Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinedir. AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada 2,1 milyar dolar ile Almanya gelmektedir. Almanya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ihracat, AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ihracat yap\u0131lan 147 \u00fclkeye yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ocak-Haziran d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 12.52\u2019lik art\u0131\u015fla 2 milyar 191 milyon 277 bin dolar ihracat yap\u0131lan Almanya, AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ara ilk s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen 25 milyon turistin 17 milyonu AB \u00fclkelerindendir. 2016\u2019da Almanya\u2019dan gelen 3 milyon 890 bin turistle bu \u00fclke ilk, \u0130ngiltere ise 1 milyon 711 bin bin ki\u015fiyle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Almanya\u2019dan gelen turist say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Alman turist say\u0131s\u0131 568 bindir. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki rakam ise 730 idi. Bu verilere g\u00f6re Alman turist say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 22,1 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paket tur rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0de \u00f6zellikle Antalya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki pazar\u0131ndan Almanya\u2019daki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00a0dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Almanya\u2019dan paket tur tercihi yapan turist say\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 22 azalarak 709 bin 742 ki\u015fiye gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, AB i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir stratejik ortakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019siz bir AB, zay\u0131f bir k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 olmaya adayd\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Delegasyonu eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Stefano Manservisi\u2019nin de belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi Avrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye’nin a\u00e7\u0131k ara birinci ticari orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye ve AB aras\u0131nda G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m ili\u015fkileri vard\u0131r.\u00a0 AB, T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelen do\u011frudan yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ana kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Avrupal\u0131 \u015firketler otomotivden enerjiye, haberle\u015fmeden mali hizmetlere \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlere yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’deki do\u011frudan yabanc\u0131 sermaye stokunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi AB \u00fclkeleri kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerin ana yat\u0131r\u0131m adresi olmu\u015ftur. Son be\u015f y\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye kaynakl\u0131 do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 (%57) AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelere gitmi\u015ftir. Avrupa’da T\u00fcrk sermayesiyle kurulmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 bin \u015firkette 630 bin ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan 5 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n T\u00fcrk toplumunun yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyonu Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerindedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu, 28 Ocak 2015 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye’nin Avrupa Birli\u011fi hedefinin stratejik bir hedef oldu\u011funu ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla devam ettirilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cAB bizim i\u00e7in stratejik bir hedeftir. \u0130n\u015fallah \u00f6yle veya b\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcn mutlaka T\u00fcrkiye AB\u2019nin \u00fcyesi olacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/em> g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, o d\u00f6nemde AB ile iplerin inceldi\u011fini fakat kopma noktas\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. (H\u00fcrriyet, 28.01.2015) AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi hedefinden de bir sapma s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.\u00a0 2001, 2003 ve 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00fcncellenerek Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131yla Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi hedefine y\u00f6nelik T\u00fcrkiye Ulusal Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki hedefte bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere eski D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Jack Straw 14 May\u0131s 2013 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomi Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131\u2019nda (TEPAV, 2013) verdi\u011fi konferansta, Bulgaristan ve Romanya\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131lamazken AB\u2019ye \u00fcye \u00fclke oldu\u011funu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ise s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7ifte standart uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7ifte standarda ben Bobon kriteri (Bo: Bizden Olan, Bon: Bizden Olmayan) diyorum. Straw, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlarla ilgili bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cSarkozy zaman\u0131nda \u2018Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmal\u0131\u2019 demi\u015fti. O zaman G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s da AB \u00fcyesi olmamal\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Amerikal\u0131 iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Prof. Dr. Daron Acemo\u011flu Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne ve de NATO\u2019ya alternatif olarak \u015eanghay Be\u015flisi\u2019ne \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc okuyorum. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131\u2019yla ili\u015fkisi hi\u00e7bir zaman sorunsuz de\u011fildi. Bir ad\u0131m geri, bir ad\u0131m ileri gidiyordu. Avrupa\u2019yla yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemler hep iyi netice verdi.\u201d<\/em> Acemo\u011flu, Perakende G\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in geldi\u011fi \u0130stanbul\u2019da Avrupa Parlamentosu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00fcyelik m\u00fczakerelerini ge\u00e7ici olarak dondurma karar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131n\u0131z sorusunu da \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7\u0131pad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u0131pay\u0131 elimizden ka\u00e7\u0131rmak \u00fczereydik. \u015eimdi tamamen ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in iyi bir sonu\u00e7 olmad\u0131. Ayr\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi hem ekonomik hem siyasi anlamda \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc\u201d <\/em>diyerek cevapland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 15 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenen AB Liderler Zirvesi sonras\u0131nda liderler, AB-T\u00fcrkiye mutabakat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yineleyerek, anla\u015fman\u0131n t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cAB Konseyi, AB-T\u00fcrkiye mutabakat\u0131na olan ba\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yineler ve t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve tam ve ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmadan uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 AB Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cDemokrasi ile temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere olan sayg\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/em> ifadelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Angela Merkel’in T\u00fcrkiye’nin Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nde olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron \u00f6nceki Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine T\u00fcrkiye’nin son zamanlarda AB’den uzakla\u015fsa da hayati \u00f6neme sahip bir ortak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye son aylarda Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nden endi\u015fe edici ve g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek bir \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bir kopu\u015ftan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak istiyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015fta g\u00f6\u00e7 meselesi ve ter\u00f6r tehdidi olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pek \u00e7ok krizde bizim i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahip bir ortak”. <\/em><\/p>\n

Finlandiya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 da “T\u00fcrkiye ile m\u00fczakerelerin kesilmesine kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131z”<\/em> demi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye AB ili\u015fkilerinin 2017 ve sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fmesinin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130KV\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nceki Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Haluk Kabaalio\u011flu D\u00fcnya Gazetesi\u2019nden Osman Arolat\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c\u00dclkemizin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 imaj\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. AB \u00fclkelerinde bizimle ilgili olumsuzluklar ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 oranda, demokrasimiz konusundaki \u015f\u00fcpheler giderildik\u00e7e, sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve m\u00fczakerelerin sonu\u00e7 vermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 1856 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Bat\u0131\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, laik ve demokratik ilkeleri benimsemi\u015f, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile ortak s\u0131n\u0131ra sahip ve ona kom\u015fu, AB \u00fclkeleri ile tarihi ili\u015fkileri bulunan, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde mevcut 57 \u0130slam \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda ekonomik, politik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sportif alanlarda en geli\u015fmi\u015fler aras\u0131nda yer alan, hayat tarz\u0131 olarak kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerini koruyarak Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f, d\u00fcnyadaki tek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkedir. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Frans\u0131z yazar Maurice Pernot\u2019ya verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te tercihini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cMemleketimizi asrile\u015ftirmek istiyoruz. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de asri binaenaleyh bat\u0131l\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet v\u00fccuda getirmektir. Medeniyete girmek arzu edipte Bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmemi\u015f millet hangisidir?\u201d<\/em> Rahmetli Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n 14 Nisan 1987 tarihindeki \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusu s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi\u00a0\u201cBu uzun ve me\u015fakkatli bir yoldur. Bizi cayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u015fey yapacaklar. Ama y\u0131lmamal\u0131y\u0131z<\/em>\u201d tespitini T\u00fcrkiye g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemelidir.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 nereye koyaca\u011f\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekonomi Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ifadesiyle \u00fcye olmak istedi\u011fimiz Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Ermenistan vard\u0131r. Ermenistan s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m iddialar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutmakta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik psikolojik bask\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00fclkelere f\u0131rsatlar vermekte ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Almanya Parlamentosu, Ermeni propagandas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm itirazlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki tasar\u0131y\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ermeni diasporas\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131 17 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihinde Br\u00fcksel\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir engel olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi Ermeni sorunu konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye iki dayatmada bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlar; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB\u2019ye girmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve Ermenistan\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. Avrupa Parlamentosu\u2019nun Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n propagandas\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalarak s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Ermenistan yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131larak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6ylemler d\u00fczeltilmedi\u011fi ve s\u00f6zde Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yalan\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece T\u00fcrkiye Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne \u00fcye olamaz. \u00a0ASEAN\u2019a ve \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Kurulu\u015fu\u2019na\u00a0 \u00a0Diyalog Orta\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrasya G\u00fcmr\u00fck (asl\u0131nda Ekonomik Birlik) Birli\u011fi\u2019ne Diyalog Orta\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar ortadan kalkmadan uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n