![\"1944](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/karabasan.jpg\")
1944 T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck Davas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n
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Bu yaz\u0131, Ankara T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131 \u015eubesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan <\/em> \u0130stanbul Birinci S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u201ctemyizi kabil olarak\u201d<\/em> verdi\u011fi karar \u00fczerine su\u00e7lu g\u00f6r\u00fclen san\u0131klar, Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a ba\u015fvurarak karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015flerdir. Bu ba\u015fvurular, \u00f6nce Yarg\u0131tay Tetkik Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 16.10. 1945 tarihli rapor[i]<\/a> olarak Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu raporu inceleyen Askeri Yarg\u0131tay \u0130kinci Ceza Dairesi kurulundaki Korgeneral F. Erden, T\u00fcmgeneral H. Alpagut ve Tu\u011fgeneral \u0130. Berkok taraf\u0131ndan sayfalar boyu yasalara uyumsuzluk ve noksanl\u0131k \u00f6rneklerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda \u201cS\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 23.Kas\u0131m.1940 tarihi olmas\u0131na ve b\u00f6lgelerinin de \u0130stanbul, Edirne, K\u0131rklareli, Tekirda\u011f, \u00c7anakkale ve Kocaeli illerinden olu\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu b\u00f6lgeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ikamet edenlere y\u00f6nelik \u201ceylemsel\u201d, \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fmesel\u201d ve \u201cyay\u0131nsal\u201d baz\u0131 eylemler hakk\u0131nda ilgili san\u0131klar ve m\u00fcdafileri taraf\u0131ndan \u201cg\u00f6rev\u201d ve \u201cgenel zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d noktalar\u0131na dair \u00f6nce ve sonra ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddialar\u0131n ilgilendirdi\u011fi yasalar, h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve usul ve uygulama kanunlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bunlar\u0131n ne dereceye kadar makbul ve reddedilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esiyle ve tercih sebepleriyle birlikte belirtilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 yolsuz bulunmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan, h\u00fckm\u00fcn As. Y. Us. K.n\u0131n 241, 242, 243, 246. maddeleri gere\u011fince say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve belirtilmi\u015f noksanlardan itiraz\u0131n ve kendili\u011finden BOZULMASINA \u2026 ve bu bozma sebeplerine g\u00f6re tutuklu bulunan san\u0131klar\u0131n tutukluluk hallerinin devam\u0131na, yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geri kalan yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n tutuksuz olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, ba\u015fka sebeplerle tutuklu de\u011fillerse tahliye keyfiyetinin telgrafla yerine bildirilmesi ve bu davan\u0131n bozma sebepleri dairesinde tamamlanmas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim \u0130ki Numaral\u0131 Mahkemesi\u2019ne aktar\u0131l\u0131p verilmesine 23.Ekim.1945 tarihine rastlayan Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131na oy birli\u011fi ile\u201d karar verilmi\u015ftir[ii]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul Birinci S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen karar\u0131n Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n \u0130kinci. Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan incelenip bozulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fclerin u\u011fra\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu davan\u0131n asker\u00ee bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi yasalara t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayk\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131. Davaya sebep olan olay, yani \u00f6\u011frenci y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Belki yaln\u0131z o y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleyenler i\u00e7in ve mutlaka Ankara\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir dava s\u00f6z konusu olabilirdi. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar ve tutuklamalar da Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; fakat Mill\u00ee \u015eeflik taraf\u0131ndan Ankara mahkemeleri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen \u00f6\u011frencilere verilebilecek cezalar yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olacak ki davan\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda bulunan \u0130stanbul\u2019a aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidildi. Ankara, \u0130stanbul S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede de\u011fildi. Yasal olarak davan\u0131n oraya nakil edilmemesi gerekirdi; fakat emir y\u00fcksek yerden verilmi\u015fti. Rusya\u2019ya yak\u0131nla\u015fmak i\u00e7in dava \u0130stanbul\u2019a al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve oradaki s\u0131k\u0131 y\u00f6netim mahkemelerinin birinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeliydi. Ayr\u0131ca olay\u0131n da bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeli, olay \u201cIrk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k-Turanc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131na sokulmal\u0131yd\u0131. Yaz\u0131k ki \u0130stanbul S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasalara de\u011fil Mill\u00ee \u015eef\u2019in iste\u011fine uydu ve davay\u0131 onun iste\u011fini yerine getirece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Birinci S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi\u2019ne verdi.<\/p>\n Mahkeme, uzun s\u00fcren duru\u015fmalar sonunda yirmi alt\u0131 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ikisinin dosyas\u0131 ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yirmi d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ine alan bir karar verdi. Bu yirmi d\u00f6rt san\u0131\u011f\u0131n on d\u00f6rd\u00fc aklanm\u0131\u015f (beraat etmi\u015f), sadece onuna pek de davan\u0131n ad\u0131 ile uygunluk g\u00f6stermeyen cezalar verilmi\u015fti. Temyiz ba\u015fvurular\u0131 \u00fczerine uzun incelemelerden sonra Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n \u0130kinci Ceza Dairesi karar\u0131 temelden bozmu\u015f, tutuklu\u011fu h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrmekte olan on san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da hemen sal\u0131verilmesini emrini telgraf ile mahkemeye bildirmi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece duru\u015fma g\u00fcnlerinde bir\u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birinci S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi\u2019nin kararlar\u0131 yok duruma gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k-Turanc\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131n\u0131n 26 A\u011fustos 1946 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul \u0130kinci S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi\u2019nde ikinci a\u015famas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcmgeneral Ya\u015far Yeniceo\u011flu\u2019nun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki mahkemenin duru\u015fma yarg\u0131c\u0131 General \u015eevki Mutlugil ve Yarbay \u00d6mer K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc idiler. Savc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revinde ise H\u00e2kim Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mehmet \u00dcnl\u00fc vard\u0131. Duru\u015fmalara, davan\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda Almanya\u2019da bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in dosyalar\u0131 ayr\u0131lan ve yurda d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bulunan Nuriman-Ahmet Karada\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7ifti de kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k-Turanc\u0131l\u0131k Davas\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131 yeniden yirmi alt\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oluyordu. Duru\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yeni tan\u0131k dinlendi. Zaman\u0131n \u0130stanbul Valisi L\u00fctfi K\u0131rdar da bu tan\u0131klar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. 31 Mart 1947 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan son duru\u015fmada Mahkeme Kurulu \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn san\u0131klar\u0131n beraat\u0131na\u201d karar verdi[iii]<\/a>. Bu karar Adl\u00ee Amirlik taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015fse de Askeri Yarg\u0131tay bu ba\u015fvuruyu reddederek Mahkeme\u2019nin karar\u0131n\u0131 onaylad\u0131[iv]<\/a>. Ard\u0131ndan Adl\u00ee Amirlik taraf\u0131ndan bu karara yap\u0131lan itiraz da Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay Genel Kurulu\u2019nca da reddedildi[v]<\/a>.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece 03 May\u0131s 1944 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan bir \u00f6\u011frenci y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ba\u015flay\u0131p 18 Kas\u0131m 1947 g\u00fcn\u00fc verilen Yarg\u0131tay Genel Kurulu karar\u0131 ile son bulan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar d\u00f6nemi, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l alt\u0131 ay on be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra sona erdi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, k\u0131saca belirtmek gerekirse, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in tam bir Karabasanlar D\u00f6nemi<\/em> olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca sorgulamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ak\u0131l almaz i\u015fkencelere ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarafgirlik i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen duru\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen san\u0131k olarak se\u00e7ilen yirmi alt\u0131 ki\u015finin hepsi de 1947 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzayan ikinci dava a\u015famas\u0131 sonunda aklanabilmi\u015flerdir. Bu sonu\u00e7, elbette, davay\u0131 \u201cicat eden\u201d ve onu T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fclere zul\u00fcm i\u00e7in bir \u00e2let olarak kullananlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc ve Maarif Vekili Y\u00fccel\u2019i hi\u00e7 memnun etmedi. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, bundan kaynaklanan k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu karardan sonraki, belki de \u00f6zellikle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay ziyaretinde, Mahkemenin ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve kendisinin k\u0131rk y\u0131ll\u0131k arkada\u015f\u0131 olan Orgeneral Ali Fuat Erden\u2019in odas\u0131na u\u011frama nezaketini g\u00f6stermeden ayr\u0131larak ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Zaten, Erden Pa\u015fa ile Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6teki \u00fcyeleri T\u00fcmgeneral Kemal Aklan ve Tu\u011fgeneral \u0130smail Berkok k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra emekliye ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. Y\u00fccel ise, o yenilginin \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc, aklanan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin i\u015flerine d\u00f6nmesini engelleyerek ald\u0131.\u201d[vi]<\/a><\/p>\n Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u201cMill\u00ee \u015eef\u201d ve adamlar\u0131 14.May\u0131s.1950 tarihinde yap\u0131lan milletvekili se\u00e7iminde \u201chak ile yeksan\u201d olmu\u015flard\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Mill\u00ee \u015eef olma onuru da CHP iktidar\u0131 da milletin onlara verdi\u011fi ceza ile son bulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n [i]<\/a> Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay Tetkik Kurulu Raporu i\u00e7in, bk. Hayri Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m. Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n Tetkik Raporu, \u0130stanbul, Togan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2015. 291-295.<\/p>\n [ii]<\/a> Hayri Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Ayn\u0131 Eser, 516-517.<\/p>\n [iii]<\/a> Talat \u00dclker, H\u00fcseyin Nihal Ats\u0131z, \u0130stanbul: Bilgeo\u011fuz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015. 68.<\/p>\n [iv]<\/a> Asker\u00ee Yarg\u0131tay 2. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin Red Karar\u0131. Hayri Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, 3 May\u0131s 1944 Olay\u0131 ve Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Turanc\u0131l\u0131k Davas\u0131, \u0130stanbul: Togan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2015, 519-523.<\/p>\n
\nve Necmeddin Sefercio\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan <\/em>
\n“T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019te Karabasa\u2019nlar D\u00f6nemi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan iktibas edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\nDavan\u0131n ilk a\u015famas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Karar bozuldu<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u0130kinci a\u015fama<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Herkes akland\u0131 ama\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n