{"id":4389,"date":"2018-12-04T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-04T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com?p=4389&preview=true&preview_id=4389"},"modified":"2018-11-30T20:37:35","modified_gmt":"2018-11-30T17:37:35","slug":"fransanin-osmanli-devletindeki-faaliyetleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/fransanin-osmanli-devletindeki-faaliyetleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Fransa’n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ndeki faaliyetleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda misyonerlerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na geli\u015fi.<\/p><\/div>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1552 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan el\u00e7i bulundurma ve ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131k hakk\u0131 elde eden Fransa bu tarihten itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslim unsurlarla irtibata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin en parlak d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1581 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir Frans\u0131z raporundan [1] Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu tarihlerde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslimler hakk\u0131nda istihbarat toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [2]. Bu kapsamda 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Osmanl\u0131\u00a0topraklar\u0131na misyonerler ve seyyahlar g\u00f6nderen Fransa Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslim unsurlar ve \u00f6zellikle Ermeniler \u00fczerinde etkili olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [3]. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kudretinin zirvesinde oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde fikirlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamayan Fransa, 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Kud\u00fcs ve Halep Konsolosluklar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslim Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131n\u0131 isyan i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, hen\u00fcz kuvvetli oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr giri\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisini ortaya koymu\u015f ve zaman zaman da Fransa ile ili\u015fkilerini ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [4].<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri \u00fczerinde etkili olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli unsur olan misyonerlerin \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 olan Katolik Ermenilerin Osmanl\u0131 Devletine ba\u015fkald\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur [5]. Daha \u00f6nce Katolikler \u00fczerindeki faaliyetlerini gizli olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcten Fransa 1740\u2019daki Kapit\u00fclasyon anla\u015fmas\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Devletindeki Katoliklerin himayesini \u00fcstlendikten sonra misyonerler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Ermeniler \u00fczerindeki faaliyetlerini daha kolay y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ve Ermeniler \u00fczerinde etkisini art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [6].<\/p>\n

Katoliklerin hamisi durumuna gelen Fransa, benzer ama\u00e7la Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgede faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin dini cemaatler \u00fczerindeki etkisini bertaraf edebilmek i\u00e7in 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Ermeni-Katolik Patrikhanesi\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftur [7]. Fransa bu patrikhanenin kurulu\u015fundan bir sene sonra Cizvit ve Fransisken tarikatlar\u0131na mensup misyoner papazlar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na gelen Frans\u0131z misyonerleri Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda \u0130zmir, Mara\u015f, Erzurum, Trabzon ve Bitlis\u2019teki, Kafkaslarda Erivan b\u00f6lgesindeki, g\u00fcneyde ise Halep ve Kud\u00fcs b\u00f6lgesindeki Ermenileri Katolikle\u015ftirmek ve Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in faaliyette bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r [9].<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi misyonerler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan okullar\u0131n Ermeniler \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 takip eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ermenilerin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [10].<\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na paralel olarak Fransa, \u00f6zellikle Suriye topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019i kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in Ermenileri kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Ermenilere otonomi fikrini a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermenilere tesir i\u00e7in el\u00e7ilikleri ve konsolosluklar\u0131, ticari faaliyetlerini, seyyahlar\u0131 ve misyonerleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu unsurlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla hedefine ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde ilk el\u00e7ili\u011fini a\u00e7an Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde Kud\u00fcs, \u0130zmir, Selanik, Trabzon, Erzurum, Mara\u015f ve Halep ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yirminin \u00fczerinde konsoloslu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. B\u00f6lgedeki Ermeni piskoposlar\u0131 Patrikhane ile gizlice haberle\u015fmek i\u00e7in Rus, \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z konsoloslar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flar ve konsoloslar piskoposlar\u0131n mektuplar\u0131n\u0131 kendi resmi zarflar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine koyarak \u0130stanbul\u2019daki el\u00e7ileri \u00fczerinden patrikhaneye iletmi\u015flerdir [11]. <\/em>Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki konsolosluklar\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderdikleri raporlar incelendi\u011finde bunlar\u0131n Ermenileri tahrik ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 isyana te\u015fvik ettikleri de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir [12]. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Zeytun Konsoloslu\u011funun 1825 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki raporlar\u0131 ile Trabzon ve Erzurum Konsolosluklar\u0131n\u0131n 1841 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki raporlar\u0131 Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan isyanlar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve Rusya ile birlikte Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir [13].<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00c7ukurova ve Suriye \u00fczerindeki hedefleri ve Frans\u0131z sefir ve konsoloslar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde Fransa a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemli cazibe merkezi \u00c7ukurova ve Suriye topraklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur [14]. Fransa, sanayisi i\u00e7in gereken pamuk hammaddesini Suriye\u2019ye d\u00e2hil g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ve Kilikya diye adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, sulu pamuk \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesinden sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve 1864\u2019te \u00c7ukurova\u2019da pamuk i\u015fleme fabrikas\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur [15].<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu fabrika ile yetinmeyen ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz ticaretini de ele ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefleyen Fransa, \u00f6zellikle Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan \u00fczerine de politikalar \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bu kapsamda b\u00f6lgede hastaneler, dini okullar, yetimhaneler kurarak n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [16].<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli unsur Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri olmu\u015ftur. Bu kapsamda 1850\u2019lerden ba\u015flayarak Ermeni dili, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Fransa, \u00c7ukurova topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Kilikya ad\u0131yla Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015f, Frans\u0131z seyyahlar\u0131 da b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 ve Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paris\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan Do\u011fu Dilleri Okulu da bu amac\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [17].<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Suriye ve \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesinde faaliyetlerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131ran Fransa b\u00f6lgedeki D\u00fcrzi-Marun\u00ee \u00e7eki\u015fmesine d\u00e2hil olarak L\u00fcbnan Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Katolik bir Ermeni olan David Efendi\u2019nin atanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. L\u00fcbnan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durumdan etkilenen Zeytun Ermenileri de benzer \u015fekilde kendileri i\u00e7in Ermeni mutasarr\u0131f y\u00f6netiminde bir idare talep etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve bu durum 1861 olaylar\u0131na ve 1862 Zeytun \u0130syan\u0131na sebep te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Zeytun \u0130syan\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Frans\u0131z sefiri \u00fclkesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatla Bab-\u0131 Al\u00ee\u2019ye ba\u015fvurarak isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmakla g\u00f6revli askeri birliklerin harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6lgeye bir Frans\u0131z el\u00e7ilik heyeti g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Benzer \u015fekilde Ketman k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc basan Ermeni isyanc\u0131lar, yakaland\u0131ktan sonra Frans\u0131z Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [18].<\/p>\n

Zeytun isyan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n destekledi\u011fi isyanc\u0131 Ermeniler Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6revlilerini diri diri yakmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015flar, Fransa ise \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya ile birlikte Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik bu ithamlar\u0131 protesto etmek suretiyle su\u00e7lu Ermenilere arka \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [19].<\/p>\n

Fransa Parlamentosunda Ermenilerle ilgili konular\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lma tarihi 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar inmektedir. 3 Kas\u0131m 1869\u2019da, Ermenilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu Frans\u0131z Parlamentosuna getirilmi\u015f, ancak Frans\u0131z Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Hanotaux, Ermenilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in uygun bir merkeze ve yeterli n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir [20].<\/p>\n

1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan tekrar isyan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Zeytun\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 ordusu kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra isyanc\u0131 Ermenilerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda Frans\u0131z konsolosunun da bulundu\u011fu yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin temsilcilerinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla isyanc\u0131lar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan affedilmi\u015ftir [21].<\/p>\n

May\u0131s 1895\u2019te Rus ve \u0130ngiliz sefaretlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Frans\u0131z sefaretinin de Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde bir reform faaliyetini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren plana imza koydu\u011fu ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmaktan geri durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir [22].<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde g\u00f6revli Frans\u0131z konsoloslar\u0131 da konsolosluk faaliyetlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki Ermenileri isyana te\u015fvik etmi\u015flerdir. H\u0131n\u00e7ak komitesinin 1895\u2019te Zeytun\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyan\u0131 bahane ederek ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak \u00fczere Zeytun\u2019a gelen Frans\u0131z Konsolos Vekili Bartelemi b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenileri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak suretiyle uzun s\u00fcre Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir [23].<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin 14 A\u011fustos 1896 g\u00fcn\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131\u2019na yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131ndan sonra aralar\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu yabanc\u0131 devletlerin Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar sonucunda bask\u0131n\u0131 yapan<\/p>\n

Ermeniler padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan affedilmi\u015f ve Fransa\u2019ya ait \u201cMessagerie Maritime\u201d adl\u0131 gemi ile \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Marsilya\u2019ya nakledilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda isyan \u00e7\u0131karan Ermeni militanlar\u0131n\u0131n affedilmeleri i\u00e7in zaman zaman Osmanl\u0131 Devleti nezdinde giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015f ve isyanc\u0131 Ermenilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [24]. Fransa Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201cS\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 Ermenilere Yard\u0131m Komitesi\u201d kurarak Marsilya\u2019ya gelen Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerine yard\u0131mlarda bulunmu\u015f ve su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen Osmanl\u0131 Devleti vatanda\u015f\u0131 Ermenileri Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kabul etmi\u015ftir [25].<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f\u2019taki Frans\u0131z Sefareti Askeri Ata\u015fesi ve Mara\u015f Frans\u0131z Konsolos Vekili Viet ile Van Konsolos Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Rupen de g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki Ermenileri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetler y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015fler [26], M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Rupen su\u00e7lu Ermenilerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 memurlar\u0131na hakarete varan davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmu\u015ftur [27].<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z konsolos ve memurlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermenilerle T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarda Ermeniler lehine davranmalar\u0131 Frans\u0131z Devleti\u2019nin bu konudaki politikalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanmakla birlikte konsolosluklarda terc\u00fcman olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ermenilerin de konsoloslar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131z konsolos vekilinin 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u201cDiyarbak\u0131r\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslimlere sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Gayr-\u0131 M\u00fcslimlerin korku i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131na\u201d ili\u015fkin konsolosluk raporunun ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve raporun konsolosluk terc\u00fcman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kasabyan Artin taraf\u0131ndan iletilen yalan haberden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [28].<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z konsoloslar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeniler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri bu faaliyetlere ilave olarak Ermeni din adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki irtibat\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na da katk\u0131 verdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Konsoloslar \u00f6zellikle Vilayat-\u0131 Sitte denilen alt\u0131 vilayette (Van, Bitlis, Mam\u00fcrat-\u00fcl Aziz, Sivas, Erzurum, Diyarbak\u0131r) g\u00f6revli Ermeni piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeni Patrikhanesi ile haberle\u015fmelerinde de piskoposlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r [29].<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ve yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeni deste\u011fi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini kendi devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma konusunda Frans\u0131z t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n, seyyahlar\u0131n, misyonerlerin ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki sefir ve konsoloslar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zellikle Frans\u0131z yazarlar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131 olan George Clemenceau, Anatole France, Jean Jaures ve Francis de Presense bu ama\u00e7la bir araya gelerek bir komite kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00f6ylevlerinde ve eserlerinde \u201czavall\u0131 Ermeniler\u201d, \u201ckatliamc\u0131 T\u00fcrkler\u201d gibi sloganlar\u0131 kullanan bu yazarlar kamuoyunda T\u00fcrk aleyhtar\u0131 bir etki olu\u015fmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Paris\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cPro Armenien\u201d isimli gazete [30] yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere de g\u00f6nderilerek T\u00fcrk aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ve Ermeni sempatisi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [31].<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu yay\u0131nlar Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da devam etmi\u015f, 2 Ocak 1915\u2019te \u201cLe Petit Parisien\u201d adl\u0131 Frans\u0131z gazetesine verilen ilanlarda da Marsilya\u2019daki Ermeniler Rus ve Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya davet edilmi\u015ftir [32].<\/p>\n

Fransa’n\u0131n Musa Da\u011f\u0131’nda isyan eden Ermenilere deste\u011fi ve Anadolu’nun i\u015fgalinde Ermenileri kullanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermenilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerden biri de Musa Da\u011f\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z kuvvetlerinin \u0130skenderun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karma yapaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin haberler Ermeniler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131nca Samanda\u011f\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 yedi k\u00f6ydeki 5000 Ermeni, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n ve \u0130ngilizlerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla silahlanarak Musa Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kuvvetleri isyanc\u0131 Ermenilerin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Musa Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca Fransa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Victor Hugo ve Henry Quatre adl\u0131 gemiler ile \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilen gemiler da\u011fdaki isyanc\u0131 Ermenileri M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Port Said liman\u0131na tahliye etmi\u015ftir [33].<\/p>\n

Fransa daha sonra Musa Da\u011f\u0131ndan tahliye etti\u011fi Ermenilerden \u00fc\u00e7 tabur g\u00fcc\u00fcnde bir kuvvet te\u015fkil etmi\u015f [34] ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin 1914\u2019de ilhak etti\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Monarga* K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bulunan askeri e\u011fitim kamp\u0131nda e\u011fitti\u011fi bu Ermenileri 1919\u2019da Urfa, Antep ve Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinde \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvet olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermenileri T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131rken Ermenilere \u00e7e\u015fitli vaatlerde bulundu\u011fu Fransa ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Aristide Briand\u2019\u0131n, senat\u00f6r Luis Martin\u2019e 1916 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir paragraf\u0131 verilen mektupta [35] a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cTazminat alma vakti geldi\u011finde, Fransa, Ermenilerin \u00e7ektiklerini unutmayacakt\u0131r. M\u00fcttefikleri ile birlikte Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm tedbirleri alacakt\u0131r\u201d [<\/em>36].<\/p>\n

Fransa Anadolu\u2019nun i\u015fgalinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Musa Da\u011f\u0131 Ermenilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra te\u015fkil etti\u011fi 15.000 ki\u015filik Do\u011fu Lejyonunda da Ermenilerden istifade etmi\u015ftir. Antranik Pa\u015fa Do\u011fu Lejyonu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Ermenilerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu [37] bildirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizlerce i\u015fgal edildikten sonra kendilerine devredilen Antep, Urfa ve Mara\u015f\u2019ta Frans\u0131zlar, g\u00fcvenlik kuvveti olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ermenilerden olu\u015fan Do\u011fu Lejyonunu kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fransa, Ermenistan olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ukurova\u2019da polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n, demiryolu idaresinin, posta idaresinin ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok resmi kurulu\u015fun ba\u015f\u0131na 1918-1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenileri getirmi\u015f, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda ise Fransa himayesinde \u201cAmanus Ermeni Cumhuriyeti\u201d ilan edilmi\u015ftir [38]. Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u015fgal ettikleri b\u00f6lgelerde\u00a0 Jandarma g\u00f6revini yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ermenilerin, b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunduklar\u0131 [39] ve bu durumun i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 direnme konusunda b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7lenmesine neden oldu\u011fu [40] Frans\u0131z i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinin komutanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da itiraf edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Boghos Nubar Pa\u015fa da;\u201cErmeniler Fransa i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Mara\u015f, Ha\u00e7in, Pozant\u0131 ve Sis\u2019te de (Kozan) durum bu idi. Antep\u2019i Frans\u0131zlar, Ermeniler sayesinde geri almay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Ermeniler Kilikya\u2019da Fransa\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcttefikidirler.\u201d <\/em>s\u00f6zleriyle Frans\u0131z\u2013Ermeni i\u015fbirli\u011fini teyit etmi\u015ftir [41].<\/p>\n

Kuv\u00e2-y\u0131 Milliye\u2019nin 1920-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc direni\u015fi m\u00fcteakip, Fransa b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f ve TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Fransa aras\u0131nda 21 Ekim 1921\u2019de Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antla\u015fman\u0131n imzas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgede Ermenilere otonomi verilece\u011fi \u00fcmidini ta\u015f\u0131yan Ermeniler bu \u00fcmitlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimali kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra b\u00f6lgeyi kendiliklerinden terk etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve 120.000 Ermeni Suriye\u2019ye, 30.000 Ermeni ise \u0130stanbul, K\u0131br\u0131s ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir [42]. Frans\u0131zlar ise b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken 30.000 Ermeni\u2019yi beraberlerinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr [43].<\/p>\n

Fransa’n\u0131n Lozan’da Ermenilere verdi\u011fi destek<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lozan Konferans\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngilizler gibi Frans\u0131zlar da Ermeni sorununu konferans g\u00fcndemine almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131z delegelerinin ; \u201c\u2026 Ermenilerin dilekleri bu b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda, belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerel ve idari bir \u00f6zerklik verilmesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d <\/em>[44] s\u00f6zlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, T\u00fcrk heyet ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc; \u201cMarsilya\u2019daki Ermeniler nas\u0131l ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir varl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015famazlarsa, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ermeniler de buna benzer iddialarda bulunamazlar.\u201d <\/em>[45] ifadesi ile gereken cevab\u0131 vermi\u015f ve bu konuda T\u00fcrk heyetinin kararl\u0131 tutumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Frans\u0131z heyeti geri ad\u0131m atmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131kla temasa ge\u00e7en ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devletindeki diplomatik temsilcilikleri ve misyoner din adamlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 isyana te\u015fvik etmeye ba\u015flayan Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na paralel olarak Suriye topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019i kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in Ermenileri kullanm\u0131\u015f ve Ermenilere otonomi fikrini a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ukurova topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Kilikya ad\u0131yla Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7aba harcayan Fransa Paris\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan Do\u011fu Dilleri Okulu da bu amac\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z misyonerlerini, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131, seyyahlar\u0131n\u0131 ve konsolosluk g\u00f6revlilerini kullanarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletindeki Ermenileri isyan i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan Fransa isyanc\u0131 Ermenilerin affedilmelerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti nezdinde te\u015febb\u00fcslerde bulunmu\u015f, isyanc\u0131 Ermenileri kendi gemileri ile Fransa\u2019ya ka\u00e7\u0131rarak bunlara Fransa\u2019da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyanc\u0131 Ermenilerden \u00fc\u00e7 tabur g\u00fcc\u00fcnde bir kuvvet te\u015fkil eden Fransa bunlar\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Monarga K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bulunan askeri e\u011fitim kamp\u0131nda e\u011fittikten sonra 1919\u2019da Urfa, Antep ve Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinde bu Ermenileri \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvvet olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin kendi devletine kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmesinde ba\u015fat rol oynayan \u0130ngiltere, Rusya ve ABD gibi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011funu ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Akdeniz h\u00e2kimiyetine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerine \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6nce otonomi ard\u0131ndan da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Ermeni Devleti kurdurmaya \u00e7aba harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni politikalar\u0131 incelenirken ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyetlerin ve bu faaliyetlerin sebeplerinin de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 bu devletin gelecekte izleyece\u011fi politikalar\u0131n belirlenmesinde yarar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u0130zmir Dirili\u015f Kilisesi’nin Amerikal\u0131 papaz\u0131 Andrew Craig Brunson’\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu’da.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Koreli misyonerler Diyarbak\u0131r’da.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1] D\u00fcndar Ayd\u0131n, \u201cErmeni Meselesinin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d Tarih Boyunca T\u00fcrklerin Ermeni Toplumu \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkileri Sempozyumu, 8-12 Ekim 1984, Ankara, 1985, s.287<\/p>\n

[2] Galip \u00c7a\u011f, \u201dBirinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na Kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Meselesine Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d, Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu ve Avrupa (Edit\u00f6r: Do\u00e7. Dr. Haluk Selvi), Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Sakarya, 2006, s.225<\/p>\n

[3] Ayd\u0131n, agm, s.288<\/p>\n

[4] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.225<\/p>\n

[5] Erg\u00fcn\u00f6z Ak\u00e7ora, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti D\u00f6nemi Ermeni \u0130syanlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Toplumu \u0130li\u015fkilerine Etkileri\u201d, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2001, s.124<\/p>\n

[6] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.237<\/p>\n

[7] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.238<\/p>\n

[8] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.237 (Fransisken papazlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki faaliyetleri i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z; Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Frans\u0131z-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yay\u0131n No: 58, Ankara, 2002, Cilt. I, s. 141-143)<\/p>\n

[9] Sait A\u015fg\u0131n, \u201cS\u00f6zde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Tarihi Ger\u00e7ekler\u201d, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Dergisi, Say\u0131 55, Cilt: XIX, Mart 2003, s.13<\/p>\n

[10] \u00d6mer L\u00fctfi Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu, Belgelere G\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Katliam ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u0130ddialar\u0131, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2014, s.12<\/p>\n

[11] Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu, agt, s.12 (Detay i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri, I. Cilt., Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ankara, 2002: Belge No: 62<\/p>\n

[12] Ayd\u0131n, agm, s.288<\/p>\n

[13] Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu, agt, s. 13<\/p>\n

[14] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.227<\/p>\n

[15] A\u015fg\u0131n, agm,, s.13<\/p>\n

[16] Serkan Yaz\u0131c\u0131, \u201c Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Uzanan Ermeni Siyaseti\u201d, Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu ve Avrupa (Edit\u00f6r: Do\u00e7. Dr. Haluk Selvi), Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Sakarya, 2006, s.257<\/p>\n

[17] A\u015fg\u0131n, agm, s.13-14<\/p>\n

[18] Yahya Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na Kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Politikas\u0131\u201d, Turkish Studies- International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, Volume 5\/4 Fall 2010, s.838<\/p>\n

[19] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, agm, s.838<\/p>\n

[20] A\u015fg\u0131n, agm, s.14<\/p>\n

[21] Salahi R. Sonyel, \u201cArmenian Terorism\u201d, Cyprus Turkish Association Publications, London,1987, s.196-197<\/p>\n

[22] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.232; Richard G. Hovannissian, \u201c The Armenian Question in the Ottoman Empire\u201d Last European Quarterly, 6:1, March 1972, p.13<\/p>\n

[23] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci,agm, s.847-850<\/p>\n

[24] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, agm, s.846-847<\/p>\n

[25] Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu, agt, s.273<\/p>\n

[26] Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri(1879-1918) I. Cilt, 2002, s.177-178<\/p>\n

[27] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, agm, s. 851-852<\/p>\n

[28] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, agm, s.853<\/p>\n

[29] Ba\u011f\u00e7eci, agm, s.853<\/p>\n

[30] Roderic Davidson, \u201cThe Armenia Crisis, 1912-1914\u201d, The American Historical Review,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vol. 53, No: 3, April 1948, s.485<\/p>\n

[31] \u00c7a\u011f, agm, s.245<\/p>\n

[32] Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.262<\/p>\n

[33] Azmi S\u00fcsl\u00fc, \u201cErmeniler ve 1915 Tehcir Olay\u0131\u201d,Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131n No: 5, Ankara,1990, s.93<\/p>\n

[34] Hikmet \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R, Kemal \u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK, \u00d6mer TURAN, Ramazan \u00c7ALIK, Yusuf HALA\u00c7O\u011eLU, \u201cErmeniler: S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve G\u00f6\u00e7\u201d, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2004, s.137<\/p>\n

* Bo\u011faztepe<\/p>\n

[35] Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.261<\/p>\n

[36] Richard G. Hovannisian, \u201cThe Allies And Armenia, 1915-1918\u201d, Journal Of Contemporary History, c. 3, Say\u0131 1, Ocak 1968, s. 145-168<\/p>\n

[37] Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.264-265; The Times, 25 Haziran 1919<\/p>\n

[38] Yahya Aky\u00fcz, \u201cT\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z Kamuoyu\u201d, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1988, s. 181<\/p>\n

[39] Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri(1918-1919), II, Cilt, 2002, Belge No: 16, 54, 61, 65, 68, 77, 80, 88, 100, 107<\/p>\n

[40] Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.273-274<\/p>\n

[41] \u00d6zdemir\u201dv.d\u201d, age, s.137<\/p>\n

[42] Erdal \u0130lter, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye’de Sosyalist Ermeniler ve Silahlanma Faaliyetleri (1890-1923)\u201d, Turan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1995, s.137<\/p>\n

43 Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.275<\/p>\n

[44] Mim Kemal \u00d6KE, \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Boyutlar\u0131yla Anadolu-Kafkasya Ekseninde Ermeni Sorunu (1914-1923)\u201d, \u0130z Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stanbul, 1996, s. 280<\/p>\n

[45] Yaz\u0131c\u0131, agm, s.275<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ak\u00e7ora, E. (2001). \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti D\u00f6nemi Ermeni \u0130syanlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Toplumu \u0130li\u015fkilerine\u00a0 Etkileri, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu\u201d, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara<\/p>\n

Aky\u00fcz, Y. (1988). \u201cT\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z Kamuoyu\u201d, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara,<\/p>\n

A\u015fg\u0131n S. (Mart 2003). \u201cS\u00f6zde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Tarihi Ger\u00e7ekler\u201d, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Dergisi, , Cilt: XIX, Say\u0131 55<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n D. (1985). \u201cErmeni meselesinin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d Tarih Boyunca T\u00fcrklerin Ermeni Toplumu \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkileri Sempozyumu, 8-12 Ekim 1984, Ankara<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u00e7eci Y. (2010), \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerine G\u00f6re Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na Kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Politikas\u0131\u201d, Turkish Studies-International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, Volume 5\/4 Fall 2010<\/p>\n

Bako Sahakyan Had a Meeting at the French National Assembly, http:\/\/armedia.am\/eng\/news\/54630\/bako-<\/a> sahakyan-had-a-meeting-at-the-french-national-assembly.html, November 23, 2017<\/p>\n

Cavadov N. (2008). \u201cAzerbaycan ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u201d, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Anabilim Dal\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011f G. (2006). \u201dBirinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na Kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Meselesine Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d, Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu ve Avrupa (Edit\u00f6r: Do\u00e7. Dr. Haluk Selvi), Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Sakarya<\/p>\n

Davidson R. (1948). \u201cThe Armenia Crisis, 1912-1914\u201d, The American Historical Review, Vol.53, No: 3, April<\/p>\n

Events Within the “Days of Artsakh in France” Festival Underway,<\/p>\n

https:\/\/armedia.am\/eng\/news\/55246\/events-within-the-days-of-artsakh-in-france-festival-underway<\/a>.html, August 08, 2017<\/p>\n

Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Aday\u0131 Macron: \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnyada Tan\u0131nmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in M\u00fccadele Verece\u011fim\u201d, Sputnik News, 25.04.2017<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z Parlamentosu \u0130nkar Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Yeniden Onaylad\u0131, http:\/\/avim.org.tr\/tr\/Bulten\/Frans\u0131z-Parlamentosu-<\/a> Inkar-Yasas\u0131-N\u0131-Yen\u0131den-Onaylad\u0131-12016 ; AB Haber, 24 Aral\u0131k 2016<\/p>\n

Hovannisian R. G. (1968).\u201cThe Allies And Armenia, 1915-1918\u201d, Journal Of Contemporary History, C. III, Say\u0131 1, Ocak<\/p>\n

Hovannisian Richard G. (1972), \u201c The Armenian Question in the Ottoman Empire\u201d Last European Quarterly, 6.1, March 1972<\/p>\n

Hrant\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dink\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foundation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Receives\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2017\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chirac\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prize\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conflict\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prevention, https:\/\/massispost.com\/2017\/11\/hrant-dink-foundation-receives-2017-chirac-prize-conflict-prevention\/, November 23, 2017<\/p>\n

\u0130lter E. (1995). \u201cT\u00fcrkiye’de Sosyalist Ermeniler Ve Silahlanma Faaliyetleri (1890-1923)\u201d, Turan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul,<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m K. (2002). \u201cTurkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission: Missed Opportunity\u201d, Ermeni Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, Say\u0131 4, Aral\u0131k 2001, Ocak-\u015eubat<\/p>\n

La\u00e7iner S. (2008). \u201c Ermeni Sorunu, Diaspora ve T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131\u201d, USAK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara,<\/p>\n

La\u00e7iner S. (2010) \u201cErmeni Sorununun Fransa-T\u00fcrkiye \u0130li\u015fkilerine Etkisi\u201d, USAK Stratejik G\u00fcndem, 6 Ocak 2010<\/p>\n

Libert\u00e9 pour l\u2019histoire, Lib\u00e9ration, 13 Aral\u0131k 2005<\/p>\n

Macron, Paylan Invigorate French-Armenian Community During Gala, Asbarez, January 31, 2018 Mayor of Paris Awarded Garo Paylan, Armedia, January 31, 2018<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeni-Frans\u0131z \u0130li\u015fkileri (1996). (Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Yay\u0131n\u0131), C.I-II, Ankara<\/p>\n

\u00d6ke M. K. (1996). \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Boyutlar\u0131yla Anadolu-Kafkasya Ekseninde Ermeni Sorunu (1914-1923)\u201d, \u0130z Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul<\/p>\n

\u00d6zdemir, H. & \u00c7i\u00e7ek, K. & Turan, \u00d6. & \u00c7al\u0131k, R. & Hala\u00e7o\u011flu, Y. (2004). \u201cErmeniler: S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve G\u00f6\u00e7\u201d, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara<\/p>\n

Sahilyol K. (2012). \u201cFransa\u2019daki Ermeni Lobisi ve S\u00f6zde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nk\u00e2r Yasas\u0131 ile \u0130lgili Geli\u015fmeler\u201d, \u0130ktisadi Kalk\u0131nma Vakf\u0131, Say\u0131 55, A\u011fustos 2012<\/p>\n

Selvi H. (2006). Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu ve Avrupa, Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Sakarya<\/p>\n

Sonyel S. R. (1987).\u201cArmenian Terorism\u201d, Cyprus Turkish Association Publications, London<\/p>\n

S\u00fcsl\u00fc A.(1990). \u201cErmeniler ve 1915 Tehcir Olay\u0131\u201d, Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131n No: 5, Ankara<\/p>\n

Tacar P. (2001). \u201cErmenilere Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sav\u0131n\u0131n Hukuksal ve Ahlaki A\u00e7\u0131lardan \u0130ncelenmesi\u201d, Ermeni Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Say\u0131 2, Haziran-Temmuz-A\u011fustos 2001<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fc\u0131o\u011flu, \u00d6. L. (2014). Belgelere G\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Katliam ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u0130ddialar\u0131, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Doktora Tezi, Ankara<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131c\u0131 S. (2006). \u201d Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Uzanan Ermeni Siyaseti\u201d, Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermeni Sorunu ve Avrupa (Edit\u00f6r: Do\u00e7. Dr. Haluk Selvi), Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Sakarya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fransa 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kapit\u00fclasyonlarla birlikte Anadolu’ya misyonerler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f el\u00e7ilikler a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu’daki gayr-i m\u00fcslimleri bir yandan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131p di\u011fer yandan kollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peki ya \u015fimdi Anadolu’da neler oluyor?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":4424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,67,68],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFransa'n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'ndeki faaliyetleri - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/fransanin-osmanli-devletindeki-faaliyetleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fransa'n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti'ndeki faaliyetleri - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fransa 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kapit\u00fclasyonlarla birlikte Anadolu'ya misyonerler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f el\u00e7ilikler a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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Emekli olduktan sonra Genelkurmay Stratejik Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Merkezi\\u2019nde (SAREM) g\\u00f6rev yapan Ta\\u015fc\\u0131o\\u011flu, Milli Strateji Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Kurulu Y\\u00f6netim Kurulu\\u2019nun, Talat Pa\\u015fa Komitesi\\u2019nin, Fanatik Ermeni yalanlar\\u0131yla M\\u00fccadele (FEYM) Grubunun ve ANKA Enstit\\u00fcs\\u00fc Bilimsel Dan\\u0131\\u015fma Kurulunun \\u00fcyesidir. \\u00d6. 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