{"id":5051,"date":"2018-12-28T19:30:13","date_gmt":"2018-12-28T16:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/?p=5051"},"modified":"2018-12-27T15:51:26","modified_gmt":"2018-12-27T12:51:26","slug":"ortodoks-paradoksu-catisan-medeniyetler-ve-bolunen-kiliseler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/ortodoks-paradoksu-catisan-medeniyetler-ve-bolunen-kiliseler\/","title":{"rendered":"Ortodoks paradoksu: \u00c7at\u0131\u015fan medeniyetler ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnen kiliseler"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Moskova

Moskova Patrikhanesi, ayinlerde art\u0131k Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin birinci kilise olarak an\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deklare etti. (Foto\u011fraf: Fener Rum Patri\u011fi Batholomeos ve Moskova Patri\u011fi Kirill)<\/p><\/div>\n

Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ile Moskova Patrikhanesi aras\u0131nda \u015fiddeti artan bir tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Moskova Patrikhanesi, ayinlerde art\u0131k Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin birinci kilise olarak an\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deklare etti. Bu, Moskova Patrikhanesi \u2013ve buraya tabi kiliseler- i\u00e7in Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin art\u0131k \u201ce\u015fitler aras\u0131 birinci\u201d say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Moskova Patrikhanesi, \u201cEk\u00fcmenik\u201d (Evrensel) ibaresini ise \u00e7ok uzun zamand\u0131r kullanm\u0131yor. Mesele daha \u00e7ok Ukrayna Kilisesi\u2019nin \u00f6zerkli\u011finin Fener Rum Patrikhanesi taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve iki patrikhanenin kanonik yetkilerinin kapsam\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131kla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Fener Rum Patrikhanesi 7 Eyl\u00fcl 2018\u2019de ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla Ukrayna Ortodoks Kilisesi – Kiev Ba\u015fpiskoposlu\u011fu\u2019na otosefal (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z) stat\u00fcs\u00fc bah\u015fetmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti ve s\u00fcrecin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD ve Kanada\u2019da bulunun iki din g\u00f6revlisini Kiev\u2019e tayin etti. Ancak bundan fazlas\u0131 var: Diaspora Ortodokslar\u0131n\u0131n hangi kiliseye ba\u011fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Konu, T\u00fcrkiye ve Balkan \u00fclkelerinin de dahil edildi\u011fi, Avrupa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn fetvalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 bir Avrupa M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc belirlenmesi \u00e7abas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde biraz daha \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Belli ki bilhassa Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cd\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelmi\u015fleri\u201dnin y\u00f6nlendirilece\u011fi merkezlerin belirlenmesine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor. Bu \u201cmerkez\u201d ya da \u201ctek ses\u201d belirleme giri\u015fimlerinde- biraz daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafya i\u00e7in- ABD de rol oynuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki patrikhane aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ABD ve AB\u2019den gelmekte olan \u201cFener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin Ek\u00fcmeniklik iddias\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131\u201d bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011frudan ilgilendiriyor. Bu bask\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k \u00f6ncelikli konu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikar. T\u00fcrkiye-AB ili\u015fkilerinin ray de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni. Yarg\u0131tay 4.Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 2006\/10694 (E) – 2007\/5603 (K) say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda yer alan Fener Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi’nin \u201cek\u00fcmenik s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna ili\u015fkin belirlemesi[1]<\/a> de Patrikhane\u2019nin T\u00fcrk sistemi i\u00e7erisindeki yerini g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir hukuki veridir. Bahsetti\u011fimiz yarg\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fck d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda, Moskova Patrikhanesi ile Fener Rum Patrikhanesi aras\u0131ndaki yetki alanlar\u0131 ve ek\u00fcmenlik teriminin i\u00e7eri\u011finin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel ve gizli yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n internet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra ise konunun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. H\u0131ristiyan Ortodoks ilahiyat\u0131na ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n detayl\u0131ca ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla \u201cek\u00fcmeniklik\u201d iddias\u0131n\u0131n bu aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, iddias\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrebiliriz. Ancak siyasetin belirleyici oldu\u011fu ortamlar s\u00f6z konusuysa dini referanslar\u0131n farkl\u0131 yorumlar\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabiliyor\u2026 Kald\u0131 ki iki patrikhane aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temel zemini kons\u00fcl kararlar\u0131, Ortodoks inanc\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck kurallar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sebebi etkinlik alan\u0131 belirleme \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor. Burada kiliselere ait etkinlik alan\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin siyasi manevralar\u0131 da devreye giriyor.<\/p>\n

Kilise stratejilerinde siyasetin rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnya ne zaman yeni bir s\u00fcrece girerek dengeleri yeni ba\u015ftan kursa, dinler de yeni stratejiye uygun bi\u00e7imde kendi stratejilerini yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Vatikan, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bitmesi ard\u0131ndan kutupla\u015fan d\u00fcnyada ABD taraf\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f ve kendisini Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ruhunu korumaya adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 ABD\u2019nin politik stratejisini \u015fekillendirirken tercih etti\u011fi politik dile uygun bi\u00e7imde. ABD ile yak\u0131nla\u015fan tek kilise Vatikan de\u011fildi. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131, Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019nin \u201cyeralt\u0131na\u201d \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, ABD ve Avrupa\u2019daki diaspora Ortodokslar\u0131n da merkezini kaybetti\u011fi y\u0131llard\u0131. Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ni g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren de So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131 ve ABD deste\u011fi oldu. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi i\u00e7in ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 H. Truman’\u0131n \u00f6zel u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla Athenagoras T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirilerek, usullere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak \u00f6nce patrik se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, sonra da iki saat i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. Lenin\u2019in dinden uzak Sovyet Devleti\u2019nin din kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutumu, \u201cek\u00fcmeniklik\u201d iddias\u0131ndaki Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin yay\u0131lma ve tan\u0131nma s\u00fcrecine \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"ABD

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (1945-1953) Harry Truman ve Fener Rum Patri\u011fi (1948-1972) Athenagoras<\/p><\/div>\n

Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi \u00f6zellikle Stalin d\u00f6neminde Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019nin etkisinin iyice azalmas\u0131ndan faydalanarak,\u00a0daha \u00f6nceleri Moskova Ortodoks Patrikhane\u2019sinin \u015femsiyesi ve g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde hareket eden Bat\u0131 ve Orta Avrupa\u2019daki Ortodoks kiliselerini, Amerika ve Asya-Avustralya eksenindeki di\u011fer kimi \u201ckarde\u015f\u201d kiliseleri etkisi alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak yine de ABD\u2019nin Do\u011fu Bloku co\u011frafyas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f Ortodokslar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirilebilir tek bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplama plan\u0131 tam bir ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmaz. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f konseptinde zaten \u201cYurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi\u201d mevcuttu ve diaspora Ruslar\u0131n\u0131n Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi ile uzla\u015fmaya gitmesini gerektirecek ihtiya\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Finlandiya, Litvanya, Letonya, Polonya, \u00c7ekoslovakya ve Macaristan Ortodoks Kiliselerinin Rus Ortodoks Patrikhanesi\u2019nin cazibe alan\u0131na d\u00f6nmesi \u00e7ok da uzun s\u00fcrmedi. Ortodoks inanc\u0131n\u0131n \u201cmilli\u201d bir karakter ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 nedeniyle Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin yetkisini kabul ettirebildi\u011fi kiliseler de d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yunan k\u00f6kenli Ortodokslarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Vatikan ile Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ili\u015fkilerini yeniden d\u00fczenleme karar\u0131 alarak yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatmas\u0131yd\u0131. Katolik ve Ortodoks kiliselerinin 900 y\u0131l varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 aforoz karar\u0131n\u0131n 1964\u2019te Kud\u00fcs\u2019te iptal edilmesi en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan 25 Temmuz 1967\u2019de Papa 6. Paul ile Fener Patri\u011fi Athenagoras T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir araya gelmi\u015fti. Papa 16. Benedikt\u2019in 30 Kas\u0131m 2006\u2019da Aziz Andrew ayinine kat\u0131lmas\u0131, Katolik-Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki \u201cteolojik de\u011fil ama stratejik ortakl\u0131k\u201d i\u00e7in at\u0131lan ikinci \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131. Ancak Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar da b\u00fcy\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ikilik<\/strong><\/h2>\n

SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte Rusya\u2019da spirit\u00fcellik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yeniden yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi ve Rus kimli\u011finin in\u015fas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ortodoksluk ve Moskova Patrikhanesi yeniden \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019nin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi ile paralel bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Ancak tek \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fen Moskova Patrikhanesi de\u011fildi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Estonya ve Ukrayna da olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u201cd\u0131\u015f politika\u201dlar\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birer milli kilise olu\u015fturarak Moskova etkisinden s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir milli kimlik in\u015fas\u0131na giri\u015fmek istedi. Bu geli\u015fmeler, Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ikili\u011fin derinle\u015fece\u011finin i\u015faretlerini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Moskova Patrikhanesi, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Ukrayna Ortodoks Kilisesinin tamamen ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ruhani olarak Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Ukrayna milli kimli\u011finin peki\u015fmesini engellemek isterken,[2]<\/a> Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi, Ukrayna Otosefal Kilisesi (1989) ve Kiev Patrikhanesi\u2019ne (1992) yak\u0131n duru\u015fuyla Moskova \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Siyasi hesapla\u015fmalar, Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin diasporadaki Ukrayna kiliselerini kendisine ba\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Fener Patrikhanesi, Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve birli\u011fin bozulmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ele\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Ukrayna ve Estonya kiliselerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Yunanistan dahil her bir \u00fclkenin kilisesinin de ilk i\u015f olarak Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin yetkilerini kabul etmediklerini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak birer milli kilise haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle benzerlik i\u00e7eriyor. Burada \u00f6zerkli\u011fi tan\u0131ma yetkisinin hangi patrikhanede oldu\u011fu konusu tart\u0131\u015fma do\u011furuyor. 1996\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 ortak deklarasyonla iki kilisenin birbirlerinin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin anla\u015fmadan d\u00f6nerek Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019nin yetki alan\u0131n\u0131 1686 \u00f6ncesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kabul etmesi ili\u015fkilerin iyile\u015fmesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u015f\u0131lmaz engel. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019nin Ukrayna, Beyaz Rusya, Orta Asya hatta bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fczerindeki hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu co\u011frafyaya Vatikan\u2019\u0131n giri\u015finin de Rusya taraf\u0131ndan engellendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse Fener\u2019in ABD\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekten ba\u015fka Vatikan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kavgay\u0131 sona erdirme karar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri de berrakla\u015f\u0131yor. Herkes alaca\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rken Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birlik sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 se\u00e7enek var:<\/p>\n

1-Fener, iddialar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7erek d\u00fcnya Ortodokslar\u0131n\u0131n binde 1,3 \u00fczerindeki yetkilerine raz\u0131 olur ve siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck de Moskova Patrikhanesi\u2019ne ge\u00e7er,<\/p>\n

2- Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019da yeniden Bizans canland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne co\u011frafi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn eklenmesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir bask\u0131 unsuru olu\u015fturmu\u015f olur,<\/p>\n

3- D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm di\u011fer sorunlarda oldu\u011fu gibi ikilik sorunu da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve t\u00fcm taraflar geli\u015fmelerden kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diaspora \u00fczerindeki egemenlik ve yetki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan ruhanileri aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n -tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n- esas\u0131n\u0131 diaspora Ortodokslar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ruhani yetkinin ve d\u00fczenleyici s\u0131fat\u0131n kime ait oldu\u011fu sorunsal\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ortodoks (Do\u011fu) Kilisesi\u2019ni olu\u015fturan 14 otosefal (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z) 2 otonom (\u00f6zerk) ve bir yar\u0131 otonom co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge kiliselerinin[3]<\/a> her birinin e\u015fit oldu\u011funu, bunlar aras\u0131nda altl\u0131k-\u00fcstl\u00fck ili\u015fkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201chi\u00e7birinin di\u011feri \u00fczerinde yetki ve s\u00f6z sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d[4]<\/a> Fener Rum Patrikhanesi de kabul ediyor. Ancak Fener Rum Patrikhanesi’nin \u201cdi\u011fer patrik ve ba\u015fpiskoposlar\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu co\u011frafya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yerlerde Ortodoks Kilisesi kurmak gibi g\u00f6revinin\u201d8<\/sup>, egemenli\u011finin veya yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda ise Fener ciddi bir muhalefetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"Fener

Fener Rum Patri\u011fi Bartholomeos ve ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (2001-2009) George W. Bush<\/p><\/div>\n

Moskova Patrikhanesi, Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Avrupa, Amerika ve Avustralya\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn diaspora kiliseleri \u00fczerindeki egemenlik iddias\u0131n\u0131 reddediyor. Bunu da kutsal kilise kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n Fener\u2019e sadece Antalya ile Efes\u2019ten ibaret olmak \u00fczere Asya, Trakya ve Pontus b\u00f6lgeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yetki alan\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131yor. Moskova, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde Fener-Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ne Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve o tarihte hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f olan Avusturya ve Amerika topraklar\u0131nda herhangi bir yetki tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek \u201cEk\u00fcmeniklik\u201d iddialar\u0131ndaki tavr\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmezli\u011fini netle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n

Moskova Patri\u011fi Aleksi II. ile \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi Bartholomeos aras\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131\u015fmalar Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin \u201cek\u00fcmeniklik\u201d iddias\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Aleksi, Bartholomeos\u2019a cevaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 5234 protokol numaral\u0131 ve 18 Eyl\u00fcl 2002 tarihli mektubunda[5]<\/a> \u0130stanbul Patrikhanesi\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Avrupa, Amerika ve Avustralya\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn diaspora kiliseleri \u00fczerindeki egemenlik iddias\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 4. Ek\u00fcmenik (Evrensel) Konsey\u2019in 28. Kural\u0131\u2019n\u0131 hatal\u0131 yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyor. Ger\u00e7ekte s\u00f6z konusu kutsal kural\u0131n \u0130stanbul Patrikhanesi’ni sadece Asya, Trakya ve Pontus b\u00f6lgeleri (diosiz) ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Buna g\u00f6re Trakya b\u00f6lgesi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Balsamon gibi tarihteki tefsircilere g\u00f6re Pontus, Trabzon\u2019a kadar olan ve Karadeniz boyunca uzanan b\u00f6lgeyi; Asya da Anadolu\u2019nun tamam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil sadece Antalya ve Efes civar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Nitekim Anadolu\u2019nun geri kalan\u0131 Antakya Patrikli\u011fi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aleksi, Bartholomeos\u2019un iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 28. Kural\u2019\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u0130stanbul Patrikhanesine Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve o tarihte (451) hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f olan Avusturya ve Amerika topraklar\u0131nda herhangi bir yetki tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n

\"ABD

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (2009-2017) Barack Obama ve Fener Rum Patri\u011fi Bartholomeos<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00d6te yandan bu iddian\u0131n ancak 1920\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Moskova Patri\u011fi bu tarihten \u00f6nce ne b\u00f6ylesi bir duruma ne de b\u00f6ylesi bir iddiaya rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Aleksi\u2019nin mektubunda \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi 4. Meletios\u2019un ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ortodoks diasporas\u0131n\u0131 kendine ba\u011flama hareketinin Ortodoks Kilisesinin ruhuna, Ortodoks birli\u011fine ve kutsal emirlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Aleksi \u201ctek tarafl\u0131 al\u0131nan bir kararla\u201d d\u00fcnya Ortodokslu\u011fu liderli\u011fine soyunman\u0131n Ortodoks birli\u011fine zarar verece\u011fini ve derin krizlere yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 belirlemesini yaparak diaspora sorununun ancak bir pan-Ortodoks Konsey ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilece\u011fini de ekliyor. Kud\u00fcs Patri\u011fi Diodora\u2019n\u0131n da yine Bartholomeos\u2019a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 25 Temmuz 2003 tarihli mektubunda ayn\u0131 mesaj\u0131 verdi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatarak, Romanya Patrikhanesi ile Polonya Metropolitli\u011finin de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Moskova Patri\u011fi Aleksi, 27 Haziran 2004 tarihinde 4284 protokol numaras\u0131 ile g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektupta da Bartholomeos\u2019un her mektubunda diaspora \u00fczerinde yetki sahibi olma meselesini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bunun kendisi i\u00e7in art\u0131k ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirmi\u015f bir mesele oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bartholomeos\u2019un 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek Avrupa\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesi ve kendi b\u00f6lgesinden cemaat almay\u0131 durdurmas\u0131 talebini de 1990\u20131993 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler neticesinde 1931 karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirdi\u011fi ve 1993\u2019deki Konsey karar\u0131nda Bartholomeos\u2019a zaten Avrupa\u2019daki diaspora \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yetki verilmedi\u011fi \u015feklinde cevaplamaktad\u0131r. Aleksi Avrupa\u2019da gittik\u00e7e artan Rus n\u00fcfusunu dikkate alarak kiliselerin nereye ba\u011fl\u0131 olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mekte serbest olmas\u0131 ve bu se\u00e7imin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131 do\u011fru gitmesi yani belirlemeyi cemaatin yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Fener Rum Patrikhanesi kabul etmek istemeyecektir. Avrupa\u2019da mukim Rus k\u00f6kenlilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u201cEk\u00fcmenik\u201d yetki alan\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131racak kadar \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek. Ger\u00e7i Avrupa\u2019da Ruslar\u0131n devam etti\u011fi kiliseler bug\u00fcn de zaten Moskova Patrikhanesine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Ancak farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenlilerin birlikte devam etti\u011fi Ortodoks Kiliselerinde tabandan gelecek se\u00e7im fikrinin kabul edilmesi, \u015f\u00fcphesiz Rus n\u00fcfusun etkinli\u011fiyle Moskova Patrikhanesine ba\u011fl\u0131 Rus ruhbanlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki Fener Rum Patrikhanesi tarihi s\u0131fat olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi\u00a0 \u201cEk\u00fcmenik\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n kendisine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi \u201cruhani liderlik\u201d hakk\u0131na dayanarak buralardaki atamalar\u0131 bizzat yapmay\u0131 ve bu \u015fekilde ek\u00fcmenikli\u011fini s\u00fcrekli k\u0131lmay\u0131 tercih edecektir. Amerika\u2019daki iki milyon Ortodoks Rum cemaatin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Ba\u015fpiskoposu da atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

\"Hillary

Hillary Clinton ve Bartholomeos<\/p><\/div>\n

Moskova Patrikhanesi gibi Kud\u00fcs Patrikhanesi, Romanya Patrikhanesi ile Polonya Metropolitli\u011fi de diaspora sorununun oldu-bittiye getirilemeyece\u011fi ve ancak bir pan-Ortodoks Konsey ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ne var ki 2016\u2019da Girit\u2019te Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen Kutsal ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Kons\u00fcl\u2019e\u00a0 Moskova ile birlikte bu \u00fc\u00e7 kilisenin kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle pan-Ortodoks toplant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememi\u015f ve sorun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem Moskova Patri\u011finin, Ortodoks Kiliselerinin ba\u015fpiskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerinin bulundu\u011fu listede (diptych) \u201cKonstantinopolis Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ilk s\u0131rada ve sayg\u0131n bir yerde bulundu\u011funu ancak bunun ona herhangi bir yetki tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u0131srarla vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorduk. Bug\u00fcn krizin derinle\u015fti\u011fi, Moskova Patrikhanesi Sen Sinodu\u2019nun 14 Eyl\u00fcl 2018\u2019deki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc oturumda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 69 say\u0131l\u0131 karardaki \u201c\u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi\u2019ni art\u0131k e\u015fitler aras\u0131nda birinci olarak anmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d ifadesinde[6]<\/a> kendini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Yetki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 siyasi mi ruhani mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Patrik

Patrik Bartholomeos ve Papa Franciscus<\/p><\/div>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki di\u011fer patrik ve ba\u015fpiskoposlar\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu co\u011frafya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yerlerde \u201cruhani\u201d liderli\u011fin hangi makama ait olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ciddi problemler var. Diaspora sorunu toplanacak bir Kutsal Konsey\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lana dek de \u201cruhani\u201d liderlik i\u00e7in \u201csiyasi\u201d \u00e7eki\u015fme patrikhaneler aras\u0131nda devam edecektir.<\/p>\n

Esasen Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan olmayan ABD\u2019nin ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin AB vesilesiyle konuya m\u00fcdahil olarak Fener Rum Patrikhanesinin \u201cek\u00fcmeniklik\u201d m\u00fccadelesine destek vermeleri de bu \u201csiyasi boyutlu ruhani \u00e7eki\u015fme\u201dyle ilgili. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ortodoks diyebilece\u011fimiz devletlerin destek bir yana \u201cek\u00fcmeniklik\u201d iddias\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor olmas\u0131 Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki as\u0131l paradoksu olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

\"Patrikhane'nin,

Patrikhane’nin, Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ne ayinlerin Yunanca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 Helenle\u015fmi\u015f Ortodoksluk fikrinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fcyor de\u011fil.<\/p><\/div>\n

Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in, Fener-Rum Patrikhanesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve onun yetkilerini kabul edenler Yunanistan\u2019a ilk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tarihinden sonra ba\u011flanan kuzey kesimindeki ve Oniki Adalardaki kiliseler ile Yunanistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n mensubu olduklar\u0131 kiliselerdir.\u00a0Do\u011frusu bu olgu ve Patrikhane\u2019nin Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131na konu olan Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ne ayinlerin Yunanca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 uygulamas\u0131[7]<\/a> Helenle\u015fmi\u015f Ortodoksluk fikrinin[8]<\/a> hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fcyor de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya Ortodokslar\u0131n\u0131n ruhani lideri oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fen bu durumu bertaraf etmek i\u00e7in olsa gerek Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kurulan Estonya Apostolik Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ni (1993) 1996’da kendisine ba\u011flad\u0131 ve Ukrayna Otosefal Kilisesi (1989) ve Kiev Patrikhanesi\u2019ne (1992) yak\u0131n duru\u015funu da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu sadece Moskova Patrikhanesi ile var olan sorunlar\u0131 artt\u0131rmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve birli\u011fin bozulmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler[9]<\/a> bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n

Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sadece Ortodoks d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ilgilendirmedi\u011fi; farkl\u0131 mezheplerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da dahil, olas\u0131 t\u00fcm inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm cemaatleri kontrol edebilme hedefinin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye kabul etmese de Patrikhane ek\u00fcmeniktir\u201d ifadesiyle uygulanan siyasi bask\u0131n\u0131n anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Ortodokslar\u0131 tan\u0131mazken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 istemenin manas\u0131 nedir? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Helen Ortodokslara kar\u015f\u0131 ne gibi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olabilir? Daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyay\u0131 dikkate alarak konuya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda iki patrikhane aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sadece Ortodoks d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ilgilendirmedi\u011fi; farkl\u0131 mezheplerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da dahil, olas\u0131 t\u00fcm inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm cemaatleri kontrol edebilme hedefinin bu vesileyle bir kez daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00a0Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu t\u00fcr tart\u0131\u015fmalar, dini gerek\u00e7e ve kurallar\u0131 zemin olarak kullanan siyasi hedeflerin yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan ibarettir.<\/p>\n

——<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131 incelemesi i\u00e7in bkz. G\u00f6zde K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ya\u015f\u0131n, Ek\u00fcmenikli\u011fin Yarg\u0131 M\u00fccadelesi, Cumhuriyet Strateji, Y\u0131l: 4, Say\u0131: 166, 3 Eyl\u00fcl 2007<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> bkz. Anar Somuncuo\u011flu, \u201cUkrayna Ortodokslu\u011fu ve K\u00fcresel Hesaplar\u201d, Cumhuriyet Strateji, S.52\u20132005<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Bunlar ayinlerde say\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131raya g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul Patrikli\u011fi, \u0130skenderiye Patrikli\u011fi, Antakya Patrikli\u011fi, Kud\u00fcs Patrikli\u011fi, Rusya Patrikli\u011fi, Belgrat Patrikli\u011fi, Romanya Patrikli\u011fi, Bulgar Patrikli\u011fi, Tiflis Patrikli\u011fi, K\u0131br\u0131s Ba\u015fpiskoposlu\u011fu, Atina Ba\u015fpiskoposlu\u011fu, Polonya Metropolitli\u011fi, Arnavutluk Ba\u015fpiskoposlu\u011fu, \u00c7ekoslovakya Ba\u015fpiskoposlu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Mihail Vasiliadis<\/a>, \u201cEk\u00fcmeniklikten Kurtulu\u015f Yok\u201d, http:\/\/www.ozgurgundem.net\/haber.asp?haberid=18059<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0<\/a>\u201cOrthodox Christian Laity\u201d\u00a0 http:\/\/www.ocl.org<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Bojidar Cipof, Ortodoks D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7at\u0131rdama<\/a>, soyledik.com, 18 Eyl\u00fcl 2018<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Bojidar \u00c7ipof ile 31 Temmuz 2007\u2019de yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeden.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Michael N. Coritsidis’, \u201cThe Hellenic Code\u201d, The National Herald, March 14, 2004<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Ortodoks merkezlerin neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcnden gelen itirazlara bir \u00f6rnek Yunan Ortodoks Kilisesi Ba\u015fpiskoposu\u2019nun s\u00f6zleriydi. http:\/\/www.cwnews.com\/news\/viewstory.cfm?recnum=48975<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Moskova ve Fener Rum Ortodoks Patrikhaneleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, sadece Ortodokslar\u0131 ilgilendirmiyor. Kavga; t\u00fcm din, mezhep, cemaat ve inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme siyaset ve stratejisini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karan turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":5105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[61,66,67],"tags":[398,293,399,416,432],"coauthors":[30],"class_list":["post-5051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-din","category-siyaset-tarih","category-tehditler","tag-bartholomeos","tag-din","tag-ortodoks","tag-patrikhane","tag-siyaset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5051"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}