{"id":5932,"date":"2019-02-28T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=5932&preview=true&preview_id=5932"},"modified":"2019-02-28T19:29:50","modified_gmt":"2019-02-28T16:29:50","slug":"goc-ve-aclik-etmenlerinin-iranda-turk-egemenliginin-kaybindaki-rolu-1870-1925-yillari-arasindaki-gocler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/goc-ve-aclik-etmenlerinin-iranda-turk-egemenliginin-kaybindaki-rolu-1870-1925-yillari-arasindaki-gocler\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7 ve a\u00e7l\u0131k etmenlerinin \u0130ran\u2019da T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finin kayb\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc: 1870-1925 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7ler"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"1917-1919

1917-1919 aras\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa dair bir foto\u011fraf<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201c\u015eu da\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131nda \u0130ran\u201d[1]<\/a>\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok da yak\u0131nl\u0131k duygusu duyulamayan, yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclke, yabanc\u0131 bir uygarl\u0131k gibi lanse edilebilir ama unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki bu \u0130ran dedi\u011fimiz \u00fclke ve uygarl\u0131k, as\u0131l T\u00fcrk uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk devletinin as\u0131rlar de\u011fil, en az\u0131ndan bin y\u0131l egemen oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclke, bir devlet, bir uygarl\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Hep o eski T\u00fcrk uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan esenlenerek zaman-zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp bu topraklara (Anadolu\u2019ya) kocaman Tebriz \u00fczerinden gelmi\u015fiz\u2026[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130ran, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc resmi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tam aksine 1925\u2019lere kadar kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu T\u00fcrklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve egemenli\u011fin tam T\u00fcrklere ait oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclke, bir devlet olmu\u015ftur. Basit bir dille s\u00f6yleyelim; \u0130ran, Fars dillilerin ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyenlerin orduya asla al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk \u00fclkesi ve devleti olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran’\u0131n kabul edilir en \u00fcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 “Safevi” d\u00f6nemi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Dr. Felsefi, 10 ciltten olu\u015fan kendi \u201cSafevi Tarihi<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde bu konuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u00e7inden yan\u0131p kavrularak bahseder. Onun \u015f\u00f6yle bir ifadesi vard\u0131r: “Bu T\u00fcrklerin egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde bir Fars ata binemez, en iyi halde onlar\u0131n bindi\u011fi at\u0131n kuyru\u011fundan tutabilir.” [3]<\/a> Do\u011frudur o yeni ku\u015fakta T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in bunu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ama bir ger\u00e7ek de var ki bu, \u0130ran 1925\u2019e kadar ger\u00e7ekten bir T\u00fcrk yurdu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 m\u00fcdahale sonucunda, b\u00fcy\u00fck facialar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkler kendi topraklar\u0131nda, kendi egemenliklerini kaybederek, bir nevi esarete al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Burada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z “Siyasal G\u00f6\u00e7” konusu da T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu facialardan biridir, ama binlerce feci \u00f6yk\u00fclere obje olacak a\u011f\u0131r facialardan biri…<\/p>\n

\u201cMamalek-\u00fcl-Mahruse-ye Ka\u00e7ar- (\u0130ran)\u201d T\u00fcrk devletinin etnografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurdu\u011fumuzda, \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun en az\u0131ndan 3\/2 – \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin T\u00fcrklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunu o d\u00f6nem devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fclkedeki diplomatlar\u0131n, bilgin ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclke n\u00fcfusu hakk\u0131ndaki tahminleri ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin do\u011fal, fiziksel, co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131 ve halklar\u0131n, nerde, nas\u0131l, ne kadar yerle\u015fti\u011fini tahmini olsa da apa\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Muhammed Taki Kiri\u015f\u00e7i, \u201c\u0130ran T\u00fcrklerinin Eski Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eserine yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu geni\u015f \u00f6ns\u00f6zde, bu konuya da de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Eserin giri\u015finde bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya dayanarak \u0130ran T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %55\u2019in \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nan \u00fcnl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Muhammed R\u0131za \u015e\u00fcar, 1947 tarihli \u201cBehsi Der Bareye Zebane Azeri \u2013 Azeri Dili \u00dczerine M\u00fcbahiseler\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin 39. sayfas\u0131nda konumuzla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: “Bu g\u00fcn 22 milyonluk \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funu T\u00fcrk dilliler olu\u015fturuyor.”[5]<\/a> Bu \u00e7o\u011funlukla T\u00fcrklerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya \u00fclkeyi terk etmelerine neden olan 1917-1919 k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonraki d\u00f6neme ait rakamlard\u0131. Demek 1917 \u00f6ncesi \u0130ran\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler, en az\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin 3\/2’sini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran n\u00fcfusu ile ba\u011fl\u0131 19 yy. ve 20 yy. ba\u015flar\u0131na dair yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 temsilcilerin, diplomatlar\u0131n vermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bilgiler de ilgin\u00e7tir. \u0130ngiltereli asker k\u00f6kenli diplomat Persi Sykes (Sir Perci Molesworth Sykes 28 \u015eubat 1867 -11 Haziran 1945), ABD Diplomatik temsilcisi Jan Al Kaldul, Rusya Diplomat\u0131 Subutsinski, Gilbar, \u015eoster, Rasel ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n 1910 tarihlerinde \u00fclkenin \u00f6nde gelen temel kentlerinin n\u00fcfusu hakk\u0131nda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 tahminlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu rakamlar \u015f\u00f6yledir: Tahran N\u00fcfusu 350 bin (kesin \u00e7o\u011funluk T\u00fcrk), Tebriz 300 bin (T\u00fcrk), Urmiye 100 bin (T\u00fcrk), Erdebil 50 bin (T\u00fcrk), Hoy 40 bin (T\u00fcrk), Eher 40 bin (T\u00fcrk), Merend 40 bin (T\u00fcrk), Mara\u011fa 40 bin (T\u00fcrk), Kazvin 50 bin (T\u00fcrk), Zencan 40 bin (T\u00fcrk), \u0130sfahan 50 bin (Fars dilli ve T\u00fcrk), \u015eiraz 50 bin (Fars dilli ve T\u00fcrk), Kirman 30 bin (\u00e7o\u011funluk Fars dilli, az\u0131nl\u0131k T\u00fcrk), Horasan 70 bin (Fars dilli ve T\u00fcrk), Gilan 40 bin (Gilek ve T\u00fcrk), Miyana 15-20 bin(T\u00fcrk) olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem \u0130ran\u2019da var olan y\u00fcze yak\u0131n kentin \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrklerin kesin \u00e7o\u011funlukta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kentler olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfus a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas itibar\u0131yla Kuzey, Kuzey Do\u011fu, Bat\u0131, G\u00fcney Bat\u0131 ve nihayet o d\u00f6nem \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f, en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik ve siyasi merkezi olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Azerbaycan eyaletinden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgede (kuzey do\u011fu, kuzey bat\u0131, g\u00fcney bat\u0131) n\u00fcfusun kesin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu da T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Kuzey ve Kuzey Do\u011fuda, yani Horasan\u2019da T\u00fcrklerle beraber Fars dilliler ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klar ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Bat\u0131da Lorlar, Araplar, Fars dilliler, K\u00fcrtler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda T\u00fcrkler beraber ya\u015f\u0131yor. O d\u00f6nem \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezi olan \u201cDar\u00fcl-seltene-ye Azerbaycan\u201d ve \u201cDar\u00fcl-halife-ye Tahran\u201d n\u00fcfusunun tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Konunun daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer bir belgeye de\u011finmemizde yarar vard\u0131r. ABD d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Vilyam Suvard, 1866 tarihinde Kongrenin uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130ran\u2019la kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini savunuyor. Bunu \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki jeostratejik konumu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere sahip olmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendiriyordu. Vilyam Suvard\u2019\u0131n Kongreye sundu\u011fu raporda \u015f\u00f6yle deniliyor: \u201c…Tebriz \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik merkezi olmakla beraber, en \u00e7ok n\u00fcfuslu kentidir. Dar\u00fcl-seltene (Grand Prince)\u2019dir, 120 bin n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. \u0130ran\u2019da, Anadolu\u2019da ve Kafkasya\u2019da olduk\u00e7a etkin role sahiptir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ikinci kenti Tahran, 90 bin n\u00fcfusa sahiptir; Dar\u00fcl-halife\u2019dir, Ba\u015fkenttir.\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi hakk\u0131nda konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve egemenli\u011fin T\u00fcrklere has oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkeyi, yani o d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 nedir?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 “\u0130mmigration” veya G\u00f6\u00e7me “Emigration”, ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkeden yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkeye uzun veya k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli yerle\u015fmek i\u00e7in gitme anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n “G\u00f6\u00e7-Emigration” terimi \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klama \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cGeni\u015f anlamda b\u00f6lge-co\u011frafya de\u011fi\u015fimi, dar anlamda ya\u015fan\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeni ya\u015fan\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeyle de\u011fi\u015fmek demektir.\u201d B\u00f6yle yer de\u011fi\u015fmeler temel itibar\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcreli yer de\u011fi\u015fmeler olarak kaydediliyor.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019da \u00f6nemli yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 temel itibar\u0131yla son iki y\u00fczy\u0131lda vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Bu son iki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 \u00fclkede bulunan T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun azalmas\u0131nda, etnografik yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015filmesinde ve egemenli\u011fin el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinde en \u00f6nemli etmenlerden biri olmu\u015ftur. \u00dclkenin etnografik yap\u0131s\u0131nda ve egemenli\u011fin el de\u011fi\u015fmesinde en \u00f6nemli olan \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1870-1871 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi;<\/li>\n
  2. 1917-1919 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi;<\/li>\n
  3. 1925 Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin ma\u011flubiyeti ve s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu \u00fc\u00e7 en temel etmen fakt\u00f6rle beraber, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 siyasal yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 da \u00fclkede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada incelenmesi gereken temel konumuz g\u00f6\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 6 d\u00f6nem g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fekilde ele al\u0131p incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Bunlar vuku buldu\u011fu tarihleri itibar\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. 1870 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131;<\/li>\n
    2. Yenilik\u00e7ilik ad\u0131na, esasen T\u00fcrkl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 siyasal faaliyetlerden kaynaklanan 1850 – 1925 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 siyasal g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131;<\/li>\n
    3. \u00a01917-1919 \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 9 milyonunun a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve yokluktan mahvolmas\u0131na neden olan kas\u0131tl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6neminden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131;<\/li>\n
    4. 1925 Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk Devletinin hazin ma\u011flubiyeti ve y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131;<\/li>\n
    5. T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temel alan Pan-Farsist Pehlevi h\u00e2kimiyeti d\u00f6neminde,\u00a0 1925-1979 y\u0131llar\u0131nda siyasal m\u00fccadeleden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler;<\/li>\n
    6. 1979 \u0130sl\u00e2m devriminden sonra siyasal faaliyetlerden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Birinci g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131: 1870 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      1870-1871 k\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6nemi \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 3\/1\u2019nin mahvolmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130brahim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f Zencani kendi hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda bu a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

      “\u00d6l\u00fc en \u00e7ok sevilen ya\u011fma, Kan en \u00e7ok sevilen yemek!<\/em><\/p>\n

      Eskimi\u015f derileri, ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131, saplar\u0131 suya sallay\u0131p \u0131slatarak veya kaynatarak, yumu\u015fat\u0131p, yemekle a\u00e7l\u0131k gideriliyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u015eehirde at, kat\u0131r, e\u015fek eti bir tarafa, it ve kedi eti yenilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 yerlerde insanlar a\u00e7l\u0131ktan birbirinin etlerini yemeye koyulmu\u015flar. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemde a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lenleri ahali topla\u015farak, kendi hesaplar\u0131na y\u0131kay\u0131p, kefenleyerek g\u00f6m\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ama sonraki y\u0131l k\u0131\u015fta kimse de toprak kazmaya, defin ve kefen paras\u0131 toplamaya g\u00fc\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00f6lenler \u00f6ld\u00fckleri yerlerde sokaklarda kal\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyordu, vah\u015fi hayvanlara yem oluyorlard\u0131. Sokaklarda k\u00f6pekler taraf\u0131ndan yenilmi\u015f, le\u015f kokan say\u0131s\u0131z cesetler bulunuyordu. K\u00f6yler aras\u0131 yollarda a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, gen\u00e7 insan cesetleri ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k dizilmi\u015ftir…<\/em>“[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u015eeyh \u0130brahim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f kendi hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda, bu a\u00e7l\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fiirle kay\u0131tlara alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \u201cGerani ke Adamkhari bab ga\u015ft<\/em> (pahal\u0131l\u0131ktan \u0130nsan etinin yenmesine ba\u015flan\u0131lan y\u0131l)<\/p>\n

      Hezar o Divist ast o ha\u015ftat o ha\u015ft<\/em>\u201d (Hicri Kameri 1288\u2019d\u0131r.) denir.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u015eeyh, \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 3\/1\u2019nin ya ac\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ya da \u00fclkeyi terk ederek Kafkasya\u2019ya, Horasan \u00fczerinden Orta Asya\u2019ya veya Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiklerini yaz\u0131yor.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin 1859-1860 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019daki temsilcisi General Ser Henri Ralinson, Mamalek-\u00fcl-Mahruse-ye Ka\u00e7ar\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu 1850\u2019lerde 10 milyonun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu kaydetmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130ran \u00fczerine \u00fcnl\u00fc diplomatlar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan Lord George Nathaniel Curzon (1859-1925) ise 1873 tarihinde \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yoksulluktan, 6 milyonun alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i ve sosyolog Gilber 1871 k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 1 ila 1.5 milyonun mahvoldu\u011funu veya \u00fclkeyi Anadolu\u2019ya ve Kafkasya\u2019ya do\u011fru terk etti\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak 1870-1871 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6neminde G\u00fcney \u0130ran\u2019da yerle\u015fen Ka\u015fkaylar\u0131n 60 bin aileden 12 bin aileye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

      O d\u00f6nemin en feci olay\u0131 9-10 milyon n\u00fcfusu olan bir \u00fclkenin 3\/1\u2019nin, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon insan\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde yok olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130ki milyona yak\u0131n insan a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse, bir milyonun \u00fczerindeki T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu ise Horasan \u00fczerinden Orta Asya\u2019ya, Anadolu\u2019ya \u00f6zellikle Erzurum b\u00f6lgesine ve Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu feci olay\u0131n ba\u015f verdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, yani 1870 tarihinde en \u00f6nemli siyasal olay ise “Sistan” b\u00f6lgesinin do\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere Hindistan h\u00e2kimiyetine tabi olan Afganistan h\u00e2kimiyetine resmen devredilmesidir.[13]<\/a> Ba\u015fka bir de\u011fimle bu bilerekten t\u00fcretilen a\u00e7l\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Afganistan\u2019da \u0130ngiltere ordusuyla sava\u015fan Azerbaycan ordusunun, \u00f6zellikle kara s\u00fcvarilerin yenilmesi ve o b\u00f6lgeyi \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin himayesine terk etmek zorunda kalmalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Ayn\u0131 zamanda burada kaydetmem gerekiyor ki \u015eeyh \u0130brahim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f Zencani kendi hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda bu k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkas\u0131nda direkt \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Hindistan h\u00e2kimiyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 tacirlerin durdu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[14]<\/a> K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f\u2019a g\u00f6re Hindistan \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tacirlerin g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini y\u00fcksek fiyatla al\u0131p, Hindistan\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131yla bu a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha art\u0131k a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130kinci g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131: Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na siyasal nedenli g\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Yenilik\u00e7i-tecedd\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler ad\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, siyasal faaliyetlerden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler, temel itibar\u0131yla 1850-1925 y\u0131llar\u0131nda vuku bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Ka\u00e7ar Sultan\u0131 Mirza Fetheli \u015eah, 1800\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmalara son vermek i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m olumlu ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri H\u0131ristiyan Ruslarla sava\u015f halinde bulunan Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin karde\u015f Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk devleti ile mezhep \u00fczerinden var olan sorunlar\u0131n giderilmesi ve yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in at\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \u015eii din hadimlerinin bu karara olumlu bakmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Fetheli \u015eah “\u015eeyhiye” tarikat\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu siyasetini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir. Bu siyasal karar\u0131n\u0131 \u015eeyh Ahmet \u0130hsayi\u2019yi \u015eii din hadimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konuma getirmekle uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eeyh Ahmet \u0130hsayi\u2019nin vefat\u0131ndan sonra Seyit Kaz\u0131m Re\u015fti ve onun vefat\u0131ndan sonra kendi damad\u0131 Muhammed Kerim Han Ka\u00e7ar\u2019\u0131n \u015eeyhilik tarikat\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00fclkenin dini i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Bu d\u00f6nem Ka\u00e7ar- Osmanl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinde iyile\u015fme m\u00fc\u015fahede edilmi\u015ftir. Bu siyasetten ho\u015fnut olmayan Hindistan Britanya H\u00e2kimiyeti, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bir tak\u0131m mezhepsel ayr\u0131\u015fmalara neden olacak siyasal tav\u0131r sergilemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplum-devlet ili\u015fkilerinde baz\u0131 siyasal ayr\u0131\u015fmalara ve ihtilaflar\u0131n artmas\u0131na zemin yaratacak olaylar\u0131 yine din ve mezhep \u00fczerinden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Mezhep \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu hicri kameri 1260\u2013 m.1844 tarihinde Fars dillilerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcney sahra b\u00f6lgesinde Ali Muhammed Bab\u2019\u0131n \u201cBab Tarikat\u0131\u201d davas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmas\u0131yd\u0131. Babc\u0131l\u0131k ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz toplumu kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmek maksad\u0131yla Bu\u015fehir, \u015eiraz, Yezd, sonra Kazvin ve Zencan gibi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk kentinde de olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r isyanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Fetheli \u015eah\u2019\u0131n (m. 1772 – 1834 \/ h.\u015f. 1151 \u2013 1213) vefat\u0131ndan sonra, kendi torunu, Abbas Mirzan\u0131n o\u011flu Mirza Muhammed \u015eah (m. 1807-1848 \/ h.\u015f. 1186-1227) tahta oturmu\u015ftur. Mirza Muhammed \u015eah\u2019\u0131n 14 y\u0131ll\u0131k egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6nemi en a\u011f\u0131r isyanlar\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak karakterize ediliyor. Mirza Muhammed \u015eah\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra, o\u011flu Nasireddin \u015eah (m.1831 \u2013 1896 \/ h.\u015f. 1210 – 1275) Tebriz\u2019de olu\u015fturdu\u011fu devlet kabinesiyle beraber, Tahran\u2019a giderek, orada 20.09.1848 tarihinde tahta oturuyor ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir konumdan babas\u0131 Feteli \u015eah\u2019\u0131n siyasetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Nasireddin \u015eah ve sadrazam\u0131 \u201cAmir Kebir\u201d olduk\u00e7a iyi anl\u0131yorlard\u0131 ki T\u00fcrk devletinin ayakta durabilmesi i\u00e7in bu Din-Mezhep \u00fczerinden toplumu kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmeyi ama\u00e7layan Hindistan Britanya h\u00e2kimiyeti taraf\u0131ndan haince oynanan korkun\u00e7 oyunlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek elzemdir, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r, gereklidir.<\/p>\n

      \"Nasireddin

      Nasireddin \u015eah (16 Temmuz 1831 \u2013 1 May\u0131s 1896) Saltanat d\u00f6nemi 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1848’den \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihe kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. \u015eehid \u015eah lakab\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019da ger\u00e7ek ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 yenile\u015fme tarihi Nasireddin \u015eah\u2019la ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/div>\n

      Babc\u0131lar isyana ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz, yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkenin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan ald\u0131klar\u0131 taraftarlarla de\u011fil, aksine \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyli y\u00fcksek z\u00fcmresinden ald\u0131klar\u0131 taraftarlarla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Babc\u0131lar g\u00fcneyde bulunan Fars k\u00f6kenli Zerd\u00fc\u015ftler, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli gizli Museviler ve \u00f6zellikle Hindistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk-Arap d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin ve Mecusilerin direkt himayesiyle \u00e7o\u011falmaya ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

      Babc\u0131l\u0131k ve Bahayicili\u011fin \u00fclkede g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi toplumu kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmekle beraber toplum-devlet aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fma ve z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 da ama\u00e7layan bu siyasetin arkas\u0131nda direkt Hindistan Britanya H\u00e2kimiyetinin \u0130ran \u00fczerine gizli g\u00fcvenlik temsilcisi Manekci Hateria duruyordu. Manekci 1854\u2019den 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu projenin as\u0131l y\u00f6neticisi olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \"Manekci

      Manekci Limci Hateria (1813-1890) Hint Britanya Hakimiyetinin \u0130ran \u00fczere gizli servisinin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin yenilgisinde en etmen \u015fah\u0131slardan biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p><\/div>\n

      Babc\u0131lar \u00fclkede 1840\u2019lardan itibaren ter\u00f6r estirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00dcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerden \u2018Feridun Ademiyet\u2019 kendi eserinde Mirza H\u00fcseyin Ali Bahaullah destesini (taraftarlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan grubu) “Mir Gazap” ve “katiller s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc” olarak kaydeder.[17]<\/a> Babc\u0131lar \u00f6nce devlet g\u00f6revlilerinden bir\u00e7o\u011funu g\u00fcneyde art arda ter\u00f6r etmeye nail oldular ve Sadrazam Emir Kebiri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 15 A\u011fustos 1852 tarihinde Sultan Nasireddin \u015eaha y\u00f6nelik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z suikast eyleminde bulundular.<\/p>\n

      Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z iki ter\u00f6r eyleminden sonra Nasireddin \u015eahl’a Sadrazam Amir Kebir, Babc\u0131lara sert kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Amir Kebir az bir zamanda Ali Muhammed Bab ba\u015fta olmakla di\u011fer yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tutuklatarak hepsini idamla cezaland\u0131rd\u0131.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Bu olaydan hemen sonra 1868\u2019de Hindistan Britanya h\u00e2kimiyetinin m\u00fcdahalesiyle Ali Muhammed Bab\u2019\u0131n halefi Mirza H\u00fcseyin Ali Nuri-Baha (Baha\u00ee tarikat\u0131 ismini buradan al\u0131yor) ve yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 say\u0131lan Eka Liman\u0131nda (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130srail) yerle\u015fmeleri sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Baha\u00eeler Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011findeki Filistin\u2019e yerle\u015ftikten sonra gizli servislerle ili\u015fkileri g\u00fcnbeg\u00fcn art\u0131yor ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na esaslanarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayinliyi yapmaya ba\u015f koyuyorlar.<\/p>\n

      Baha\u00eeler, \u0130ran\u2019da Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli adlarda, \u00f6zellikle yenilik\u00e7ilik ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda isyanlar \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yorlard\u0131. Di\u011fer taraftan Birinci D\u00fcnya Muharebesi d\u00f6neminde bir casusluk a\u011f\u0131 kurarak Osmanl\u0131 devletine kar\u015f\u0131 Britanya lehine sistemli casusluk ameliyatlar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bundan haber tutan Osmanl\u0131 Harbiye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eka merkezini da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 ve Baha\u00eelerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 planlasa da Muharebe sonunda Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n ma\u011flubiyeti ve \u00e7\u00f6kmesi bunu gen\u00e7 cumhuriyet\u00e7ilere unutturmu\u015ftur.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Ali Muhammed Bab idam edildikten sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk devlet adam\u0131 Amir Kebir Baha\u00eeler taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6r edilir. Ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k devam eden ter\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla beraber Babc\u0131lar-Baha\u00eeler veya Baha\u00eeler-Ezeliler diye ikiye ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Bunlar, \u0130ran eski Pers kimli\u011fini \u00f6n plana ta\u015f\u0131makla hem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 hem T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayak alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin direkt y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Sanki T\u00fcrkler \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini kabul ederek Araplarla beraber b\u00fcy\u00fck pers uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015flar, mahvetmi\u015fler. B\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ad\u0131n\u0131 yenilik\u00e7i koymu\u015f olduklar\u0131 ter\u00f6r ve vah\u015fet sa\u00e7an da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Bu vah\u015fi ve katil grubun i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zde ayd\u0131n ve siyasilerin \u00e7o\u011fu sonralar yenilik\u00e7i-modernist ad\u0131na, asl\u0131nda ise \u0130sl\u00e2m-T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 merkezlerin y\u00f6netici ki\u015filerine \u00e7evrildiler. Bu faaliyetlerin fiili merkezinde Hindistan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftleri ve mecusileri duruyordu. Y\u00fczlerce T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Hindistan Mecusileri Mr. Manekci taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerine sevkettirilmesi ve yerle\u015ftirilmesiyle T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 faaliyetlerini orada s\u00f6zde ayd\u0131n ve tecedd\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc-yenilik\u00e7i ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerinde s\u00f6zde teced\u00fcd\u00e7\u00fc ve ayd\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle uyduruk eski Fars uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam de\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6zde ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n etnik k\u00f6kenlerinin mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u0130ran ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da bulunan bu s\u00f6zde ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu k\u00f6ken T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Hindistan\u2019dan Manekci taraf\u0131ndan bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye aileleri ile beraber sevk ettirilmi\u015f, k\u00f6k\u00fc belli olmayan casus gruplar\u0131n \u00fcyeleri olu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde \u0130ran Fars milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00f6nde gelen temsilcisi Zeynel-Abidin Marageyi, \u0130ran Fars milliyet\u00e7i Liberalizminin esas temsilcisi Ermeni k\u00f6kenli M\u00fclk\u00fcm Han\u2019\u0131n devamc\u0131s\u0131 Tal\u0131bof (Tal\u0131bzade) ve Mirza Ahunzade ve \u00e7evrelerinin ve ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc modernistlerin k\u00f6kenleri mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

      \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en ciddi Mason toplulu\u011fu olan “\u0130ran Oyan\u0131\u015f Lojas\u0131”n\u0131 Baha\u00eelerle Ezeliler b\u00fct\u00fcn ihtilaflar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Mr. Manekci Hateria\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6reve yenice atanm\u0131\u015f \u015eapur Reporter\u2019in talimat\u0131yla 1907 tarihinde kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.[20]<\/a> Feridun Ademiyet kendi eserinde bu Baha\u00eelerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 nefretlerini \u015f\u00f6yle izah ediyor: “Bunlar, yani Baha\u00eeler-Babc\u0131lar \u00e7ok vah\u015fi bir tav\u0131rla tutmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 esirlerin ellerini kesip, diri-diri ate\u015fe at\u0131p, yak\u0131yorlard\u0131…\u2019[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Ayeti\u00a0 \u201cS\u00fcphi, Payam-e Pedar\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin 227. sayfas\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan bu Baha\u00eelerin huy ve niteliklerini \u0130zeydi-\u0130zedi-Yezidi[22]<\/a> K\u00fcrtlerle k\u0131yaslayarak \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201cBunlar \u0130zeydi K\u00fcrtler gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrs\u00fcz, bedevi, vah\u015fi, kan i\u00e7en ve ac\u0131mas\u0131zd\u0131rlar. Korktuklar\u0131na boyun e\u011fip k\u00f6le olur, korkmad\u0131klar\u0131na maazallah Allahl\u0131k etme\u011fe kalkarlar…”[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Baha\u00eeler 1916 (h.\u015f. \u015eehriver 1295) tarihlerinden itibaren \u00fclkede ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131 estirmeye yeniden \u015fiddetli bi\u00e7imde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131 4 y\u0131l planl\u0131 \u015fekilde, yani 21 \u015eubat 1921 (03.12.1921) R\u0131za Han ad\u0131na \u0130ngiliz darbesine kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Darbeden sonra 4 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan toplumsal psikolojik m\u00fccadele beklenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Nitekim Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devleti yenildi ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye tam ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Fars Pehlevi devleti 1925 tarihinde kurulmu\u015f oldu. \u0130ran\u2019da Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin yenilmesinde ve s\u00f6zde Pers Pehlevi devletinin kurulmas\u0131nda Bahayiler eylemsel olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck cinayetleri t\u00fcrettiler. \u0130ngiltere MI6\u2019\u0131 Bahayi tarikat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm makinesi olarak y\u00fcksek z\u00fcmreye ve Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletine kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \u0130ran\u2019da yenilik\u00e7i m\u00fccadele yolunun siyasal \u00e7izgilerini maalesef 19 yy. ve 20 yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, Hindistan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerinin \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri Baha\u00eeler ve Babc\u0131lar belirlemi\u015flerdir. Bunun i\u00e7inde yenilik\u00e7ilik sloganlar\u0131 sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla \u00fclkeye ve ger\u00e7ek me\u015frutiyet\u00e7ilere hep h\u00fcsran ve ma\u011fduriyet ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ni\u00e7in? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc as\u0131l maksat demokratik, hukuki, sek\u00fcler, Cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131 de\u011fildi. T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00fczenini mahvetmek, \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda gerekenlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu arada Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin ve Hindistan\u2019dan sevk ettirilmi\u015f Mecusilerin T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bekledikleri kin ve nefret duygular\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in t\u00fcretmek istedikleri vah\u015filik ve feci olaylara zemin sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      B\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yenilik\u00e7i-modernist siyaset\u00e7iler, yenilik\u00e7i davan\u0131n sonunda ister 1906 tarihinde- Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, ister Me\u015frutiyet sonras\u0131 3. d\u00f6nem Milli Meclisin Muhammed Ali \u015eah taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yukar\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekleri itiraf etmi\u015flerdir. [24]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u0130ran\u2019da birinci d\u00fcnya muharebesi d\u00f6neminde 1915 tarihinde, \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgal eden Rus-\u0130ngiliz kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kurtulu\u015f bildirgesini yayan “Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmet”in yetkili ki\u015fileri, Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri ve Almanlarla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi planlamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yapabilecekleri \u00e7ok bir \u015fey olmad\u0131. \u0130lk \u00f6nce Kum\u2019da kurulan bu Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Kum\u2019un i\u015fgali ard\u0131ndan Kirman\u015fah\u2019a, sonra ise Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na\u2013 Ba\u011fdat\u2019a, Kazemeyn\u2019e ve sonunda \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmet, 6 ay s\u00fcre \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yapt\u0131klar\u0131, Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 bir ka\u00e7 bildirgenin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ememi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul\u2019da ise yapt\u0131klar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli i\u015f, 3 Mart 1918 tarihli uluslararas\u0131 Brest-Litovsk Konferans\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Sonunda bir bildirgeyle Ge\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmetin sona erdi\u011fini belirterek faaliyetlerine son vermi\u015flerdir. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 Paris konferans\u0131na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan d\u00f6nemin d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Baha\u00ee ailesine mensup, \u0130ngiliz ajan\u0131, T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sinsi projelerin as\u0131l y\u00f6neticilerinden biri olan Muhammed Ali Furugi\u2019nin[25]<\/a> ve yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n devlet ad\u0131na maddi yard\u0131m\u0131yla milli h\u00fck\u00fcmete ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. [26]<\/a> Ba\u015fka bir deyimle bu \u201cGe\u00e7ici Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201dni kuranlar sonunda Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinin ve yeni bir kurulu\u015fun kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ikna edilerek m\u00fccadeleden vazge\u00e7mi\u015fler ve teslimiyet\u00e7i siyaset takip etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

      Me\u015frutiyet\u00e7i ve yenilik\u00e7i dava adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimleri Tebrizli Mirza Kas\u0131m Han, Nizam\u00fcl-seltene, M\u00fcderris, Terbiyet, Takizade, Sattar Han, Bak\u0131r Han, Ayetullah Behbehani, Ayetullah Tabatabayi, Ayetullah \u015eeyh \u0130brahim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f Zencani ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7o\u011fu bir a\u011f\u0131zdan: \u201cBize d\u00f6n\u00fckl\u00fck yapt\u0131lar! Biz bunun i\u00e7in sava\u015fm\u0131yorduk, biz bu sonucu istemiyorduk! Bize hayinlik ettiler! Elimizdeki evimizi (Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletini ev tabiriyle veriyor.) kendi elimizle y\u0131kt\u0131rd\u0131lar, yenisini kurmak pe\u015findeydik, ama bu durumda bu g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckle bunu yapamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 asla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemedik, anlayamad\u0131k…\u201d[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Evet! 1800\u2019lerden 1920\u2019lere kadar siyasal sorunlardan kaynaklanan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler temel itibar\u0131yla yenilik\u00e7ilik \u00fczerinden ba\u015flat\u0131lan dava ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler esas itibar\u0131yla Hindistan Britanya h\u00fck\u00fcmetine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalarla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sonra Kafkaslara- Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalarla devam etmi\u015ftir. Avrupa\u2019ya, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na, Kafkaslara ve Orta Asya\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Baha\u00eeler ve di\u011fer \u0130ngiliz ajanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla 21 \u015eubat 1921 darbesinden sonra R\u0131za Han taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019a getirildiler ve Baha\u00eelikleri sakl\u0131 tutularak devlet makamlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildiler ve ilk ba\u015fta yeni kurulan devleti \u00e7o\u011funlukla gizli Baha\u00eeler y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

      Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin yenilmesinde, toplumda T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ruhunun halledici varolu\u015funu ve \u0130slamiyet\u2019i zay\u0131flatmakta, ezmekte, iktidars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmakta Bahailik ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Hindistan Mecusileri, k\u00f6ken T\u00fcrk olan yerli Museviler, \u015eiraz-Yezd-Kirman Zerd\u00fc\u015ftleri olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131: 1917-1919 kas\u0131tl\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6neminden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Bu 1917-1919 aras\u0131nda \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 9 milyonu a\u00e7l\u0131ktan yok olmas\u0131na neden olan bilerek t\u00fcretildi\u011fi iddia edilen a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6neminden, kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yokluktan kaynaklanan k\u0131y\u0131m Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan T\u00fcrklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda\u00a0 yok olmas\u0131na neden olan facian\u0131n sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ulusal faciad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7l\u0131k-k\u0131tl\u0131k \u00fclkenin kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan T\u00fcrklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda yok olmas\u0131na ve Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinde en etkin fakt\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      \""...Derileri

      “…Derileri y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f, renkleri solmu\u015f, kemik ve deriden olu\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar… Gidiyorlar… Nereye gittiklerini bilmeseler de d\u00fc\u015fe-kalka y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar… Cadde kenarlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fenler \u00e7oktur… Kargalar \u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n fal ta\u015f\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fi\u015fe gibi parlayan g\u00fczlerini dimdikleyerek kaz\u0131yorlar…<\/p><\/div>\n

      20 milyon n\u00fcfusu olan bir \u00fclkede 9 milyonun a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmesine, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine, g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine neden olan bu facia, biz T\u00fcrklerin as\u0131rlarca s\u00fcren egemenli\u011fimizi ve \u00fclkedeki kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fumuzu, y\u00f6neticilik kabiliyetimizi yitirmemizde, y\u00f6netici iken y\u00f6netilen durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmemizde, egemen iken s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen halk durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmemizde, vah\u015fi k\u0131y\u0131ma tabi tutulmam\u0131zda, bu facian\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Bu facian\u0131n direkt \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin belgelerle s\u00f6ylenilmektedir!<\/p>\n

      Babc\u0131l\u0131kla-Baha\u00eecilikle, Hindistan k\u00f6kenli Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin \u0130ran\u2019a sevk ettirilmesiyle, bir s\u0131ra \u00f6nde gelenlerin Baha\u00eele\u015ftirilmesiyle, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 uyduruk eski pers tarihini g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131makla yeni bir nifak ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k pe\u015finde olan \u0130ngiltere son darbesini 1917-1919 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7l\u0131kla \u00fclkenin resmi temsilcisi Ka\u00e7ar T\u00fcrk devletine ve yenilik\u00e7i-me\u015frutiyet\u00e7i muhalefete vurmu\u015f oldu. Bu faciada \u00f6len insanlar\u0131n mutlak kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. Bunu ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme konusu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

      Bu unutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, sadece ya\u015fl\u0131 neslin hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda var olan a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 USA-NARA\u2019n\u0131n (USA National Archives And Records Administration) verilerine dayanarak 2003 tarihinde “The Great Famine And Genocide \u0130n Persia 1917-1919<\/em>” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD yurtta\u015f\u0131 Dr. Muhammed Goli Maced olmu\u015ftur.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Yazar\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re bu kitab\u0131n ABD\u2019de bas\u0131lmas\u0131 o kadar da kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesi uzun s\u00fcre MI6\u2019in ger\u00e7ekleri saklayarak bilgi \u00e7arp\u0131tma yolu ile yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu uyduruk \u0130ran tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 alt-\u00fcst ediyordu…[29]<\/a>\u00a0 ABD\u2019nin devlet ar\u015fivindeki \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli birinci el belgelere dayan\u0131larak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu eser, \u0130ran tarihi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bilgiler i\u00e7eriyor. Maalesef bu eser ne d\u00fcnyada ne de \u0130ran\u2019da gerekti\u011fi kadar yank\u0131 bulmam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksine g\u00fcndemden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 taraf\u0131 \u015fu ki, bu 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bu kitaba olan ele\u015ftiriler \u00e7ok az ve s\u0131radan olmu\u015ftur. Bir kere kitab\u0131n g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fczerine gidilmemi\u015ftir. \u00dczerine giden ve ele\u015ftirenler ise bir a\u011f\u0131zdan \u201cni\u00e7in yaln\u0131z ABD-NARA ar\u015fivine dayan\u0131larak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ni\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere ar\u015fivine ba\u015fvurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, diye ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir\u201d.<\/p>\n

      Dr. Muhammed Goli Maced ise bu yersiz ele\u015ftirilere: \u201cBen Britanya\u2019n\u0131n \u2018\u0130ntelligence Service\u2019 merkezine yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak ba\u015fvuruda bulundum, maalesef yetkililerin verdi\u011fi olumsuz yan\u0131t \u00fczerinden o ar\u015fivden yararlanmam m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ntelligence Service\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde incelemek istedi\u011fim y\u0131llara ait belgelerin 50 y\u0131l s\u00fcresine, yani 2052 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ar\u015fivde sakl\u0131 tutulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.” diye hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sizce o ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve incelenmesi gereken y\u0131llara ait dosyalarda daha bilmedi\u011fimiz neler var acaba diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekmiyor mu?[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Bizim kan\u0131m\u0131zca, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk milletinin, bir T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011finin yok edilmesi, esarete al\u0131nmas\u0131, uyduruk bir Fars d\u00fczeni kurmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck facialar i\u015flenmi\u015f ve hala a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bu kurulmu\u015f a\u011f \u00fczerinden d\u00fczen y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce olmu\u015f facialara dayal\u0131 belgelerin \u015fimdiye kadar sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 ve hala 50 y\u0131lda ar\u015fivde bekletilmesinin nedeni bu olsa gerektir.<\/p>\n

      Bu eser ABD\u2019nin Can Kaldul (Jahn Lawrence Caldwell), Sir Perci Molesworth Sykes ve di\u011fer devlet temsilcilerinin, dini Misyonerlerin ve bazen Lyunel Charlez Dunsterville gibi \u0130ngiltereli generallerin hat\u0131ralar\u0131na ve \u0130ran\u2019daki duruma ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcndelik raporlar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. Raporlardan bir ka\u00e7\u0131na i\u00e7erik itibar\u0131yla de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

      Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u0130ran tarafs\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtmesine ra\u011fmen Ruslar, \u0130ngilizler \u00fclkeye sokuldular. Ermeni birlikleri galip g\u00fc\u00e7lerin direkt yard\u0131m\u0131yla bat\u0131 Azerbaycan b\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 feci ve deh\u015fet verici k\u0131y\u0131ma ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00dclkede \u00f6nce i\u015fgalci Rus ordusuyla yerli halk, sonra Osmanl\u0131larla Ruslar sava\u015fa girdiler. \u00dclkedeki g\u0131da azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonbahar 1917 tarihinde k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bahar 1917\u2019de Osmanl\u0131lar, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k Ruslar \u00fclkeyi terk etmi\u015flerdir. \u00dclkede k\u0131tl\u0131k ba\u015flad\u0131, k\u0131tl\u0131k ba\u015flarken \u00fclkede kalan yaln\u0131zca \u0130ngiltere ordusuydu. Bu ordu \u00fclkede g\u0131da azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ald\u0131rmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcksek fiyatla t\u00fcm \u00fclkedeki g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini al\u0131p \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclkeye g\u0131da getirilmesi yerine g\u0131dalar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Di\u011fer taraftan \u0130ngiltere imtiyazl\u0131 mevkiine dayanarak Hindistan\u2019dan, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan ve hatta ABD\u2019den g\u0131dan\u0131n getirilmesine izin verilmedi. Nitekim \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir facia denilen a\u00e7l\u0131k her yeri b\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc.[31]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u015eoster ve Rus kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1910 tarihinde Tahran n\u00fcfusu 350 bin ki\u015fi ve 1917 tarihinde 400 bin ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu halde 1920 tarihinde kentin n\u00fcfusu 200 bin ki\u015fiye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Sykes, Ekim 1918 tarihinde \u015eiraz\u2019\u0131n 50 binlik n\u00fcfusunun 5\/1\u2019nin, yani 10 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131yor.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Viat Southard, Nisan 1918 tarihinde yaz\u0131yor: \u201ccaddenin kenar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7\u0131plak ve yal\u0131nayak \u00e7ocuklar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz… Derileri y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f, renkleri solmu\u015f, kemik ve deriden olu\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar… Gidiyorlar… Nereye gittiklerini bilmeseler de d\u00fc\u015fe-kalka y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar… Cadde kenarlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fenler \u00e7oktur… Kargalar \u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n fal ta\u015f\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fi\u015fe gibi parlayan g\u00fczlerini dimdikleyerek kaz\u0131yorlar…\u201d[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u201c…Hemedan\u2019da insanlar insan eti yemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar…\u201d[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u0130ngiltereli Jurnalist Danahu 5 Nisan 1918 tarihinde bat\u0131 semtinden \u0130ran\u2019a (Azerbaycan eyaletine-yazardan) girerken g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini yaz\u0131yor: \u201cS\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesinde \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bu a\u00e7l\u0131k, yokluk ve ekonomik krizi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015feyler duymu\u015ftum… Ama \u015fimdi g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum ve bunun ne kadar a\u011f\u0131r, vah\u015fet ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum ve \u015fimdi a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yorum…\u201d di\u011fer bir yerde: \u201ccaddenin kenar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalan say\u0131s\u0131z insanlar var… \u00c7o\u011fu ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131n ve erkek… \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015fler… \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fler… Kurumu\u015f parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan otlar vard\u0131r… Bu otlarla a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar galiba…\u201d[36]<\/a> Di\u011fer bir yerde: \u201cyal\u0131n ve \u00e7\u0131plak insanlar\u2026 Y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar cadde kenar\u0131nda… G\u00f6zleri bat\u0131k, deri ve kemikten olu\u015fan yarat\u0131klar… O kadar da insana benzemiyorlar… D\u00f6rt ayakl\u0131 cadde kenar\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcne-s\u00fcr\u00fcne gediyorlar…\u201d[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Tahranda durum iyile\u015fmeye do\u011fru gidiyor: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Sultan Ahmet \u015eah kendi makam\u0131na has b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0131da depolar\u0131n\u0131 en ucuz fiyatla yeni atanm\u0131\u015f Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 G\u0131da M\u00fcfetti\u015fine vermi\u015ftir. Sultan\u0131n bu hay\u0131rsever hareketi sorunlar\u0131n giderilmesinde \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD\u2019li yard\u0131m severlerin de b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mlar\u0131 dokunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

      \"Sultan

      Sultan Ahmet \u015eah (1897 Tebriz – 1929 Paris)<\/p><\/div>\n

      Kaldul yaz\u0131yor: \u201c\u00dclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerinde a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yokluk atlat\u0131lsa da hala Azerbaycan\u2019da a\u00e7l\u0131k \u015fiddetle devam ediyor. A\u00e7l\u0131k Azerbaycan\u2019da 1919\u2019un sonlar\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.\u201d [39]<\/a> O zaman Azerbaycan bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Azerbaycan’\u0131n 4 kat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki arziyi kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

      B\u00fct\u00fcn veriler incelenerek 1917 tarihinde \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 20 milyon oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bu say\u0131 iki y\u0131l k\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan sonra, yan\u0131 1920 tarihinde 11 milyona d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. 9 milyon insan ya hel\u00e2k olmu\u015f, ya da \u00fclkeyi terk etmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7l\u0131k d\u00f6neminde ve hatta a\u00e7l\u0131k sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerinden Kafkaslara, Anadolu\u2019ya ve Horasan \u00fczerinden Orta Asya\u2019ya toplu g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmu\u015ftur. Bunu biz Kafkasya edebiyat\u0131nda da Anadolu\u2019da da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n “O olmas\u0131n, bu olsun” sinema filmindeki “hamal” ve di\u011fer \u00e7ok fig\u00fcrleri, \u0130ran\u2019daki bu a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ba\u015f g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp oralara ka\u00e7an nesli canland\u0131r\u0131yor…[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki bu d\u00f6nem Tahran n\u00fcfusunun kesin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fuyordu. Kesin bir T\u00fcrk kentiydi. K\u0131sacas\u0131 s\u00f6yleyelim ki bu k\u0131tl\u0131k, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk kentlerinin n\u00fcfusunu mahvetti. R\u0131za Pehlevi d\u00f6neminden itibaren Sahra b\u00f6lgesindeki Fars dilliler \u0130ran’\u0131n bu T\u00fcrk \u2013 Tahran ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgesi, Horasan, Erak, Hemedan, Kum, Kazvin ve di\u011fer kentlerine sevk ettirilerek T\u00fcrklerin aleyhine etnografik yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 da olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Mesela bu g\u00fcn Tahran ve \u00e7evresindeki T\u00fcrklere gelme deniliyor, Fars dilliler ise yerli topluluk olarak karakterize ediliyor. Bu \u0130ran\u2019da b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn mahvedilmesine ve egemenli\u011finin tam k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na hesaplanm\u0131\u015f bir a\u00e7l\u0131k, bir k\u0131tl\u0131k olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      (Yaz\u0131<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>devam edecektir…<\/em>)<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> \u201c\u015eu da\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131 \u0130ran\u201d, Meltem Vural, Cumhuriyet kitaplar\u0131, 10. Bask\u0131, 2012, Bu kitab\u0131, Meltem Vural adl\u0131 biri s\u00f6zde kendi hat\u0131ralar\u0131na dayanarak yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 Fars dillilere mal etmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kirli bilgi i\u00e7ermektedir. \u0130ran T\u00fcrklerini \u0131srarl\u0131 bir dille \u2018Azeri\u2019 adland\u0131r\u0131r ve kendilerine T\u00fcrk demelerini alayl\u0131 bir dille tahkir etmektedir. Hicaba- ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir eserdir. \u00d6nemli olan \u015fu ki, bu kitap Tahran ve Tebriz\u2019in baz\u0131 pan-Farsist e\u011filimli kitap evlerinde de sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitapta ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmakta, \u015eah ve Pehlevi d\u00f6nemi \u0130ran inan\u0131lmaz \u00f6vg\u00fclerle anlat\u0131lma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131 yazan yazar\u0131n zerre kadar T\u00fcrk ruhuna sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m!<\/p>\n

      [2]<\/a>\u00a0 Geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in: yazar\u0131n 452 sayl\u0131 \/Mart-Nisan 2014 Tarihli Devlet dergisinde konu ile ilgili \u2018D\u00fcnden Bu G\u00fcne Ger\u00e7ek \u0130ran…\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu linkten elde edinebilir:
      \n      http:\/\/www.devlet.com.tr\/makaleler\/y20- DUNDEN_BUGUNE_GERCEK_IRAN_VE_GUNEY_AZERBAYCAN_MILLI_HAREKETI_.html<\/a><\/p>\n

      [3]<\/a> Dr. Felsefi\u2019nin de\u011finilen 10 ciltlik eseri, (anlam itibar\u0131yla, yazardan)<\/p>\n

      [4]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n

      [5]<\/a> Prof. Dr. Mahammed Taki Zehtabi \u2018Kiri\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 \u201c\u0130ran T\u00fcrklerinin Eski Tarihi\u201d, Birinci Cilt, \u0130ran-Tebriz 1378-1999,\u00a0 s.9. Bu kitap k\u0131salt\u0131larak, 2010 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu linkten elde edinebilir: http:\/\/www.kitapyurdu.com\/kitap\/default.asp?id=574360<\/a><\/p>\n

      [6]<\/a> Dr. Mohammad Gholi Majd, \u201cThe Great Famine and Genocide in Persia 1917-1919\u201d 2003 ABD, University\u00a0 Press Of America. Farsca \u00c7eviri: Mahammed Kerimi,\u00a0 \u2018Ghahti-ye Bozorg\u2019 Tahran 1387-2008,\u00a0 mossese-ye Motaleat ve pajuhe\u015fhaye Siyasi. \u2018Abdullah \u015eahbazi\u2019nin Mahammed Goli Macedle S\u00f6yle\u015fisi\u2019 bu linkten elde edinebilir:<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.shahbazi.org\/pages\/majd3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

      [7]<\/a> Ali R\u0131za Nazmi Af\u015far, \u2018\u00e7e\u015fm andaz-e conbe\u015f-e hovviyet\u00a0 telebi der Azerbaycan\u2019. 10 Aral\u0131k 2014 Tarihinde bu linkten edinmi\u015ftir:\u00a0 http:\/\/www.anadilitv.com\/fr\/index.php\/m\/11857-2014-12-18-19-24-26.html<\/a><\/p>\n

      [8]<\/a> Reza Taheri,\u00a0 \u2018Mohaceret-haye\u00a0 Agvam ve terkib-e Gomiyyeti ve Cemiyeti der \u0130ran\u2019\u00a0 1392-2013,\u00a0\u00a0 10 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir: http:\/\/www.rezataheri.ir\/?p=2391<\/a><\/p>\n

      [9]<\/a>\u00a0 \u015eahbaz Abdullahi, \u201cZendegi ve zamane _ye \u015eeykh \u0130brahim Zencani\u201d makalesi, s.2. 10 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.shahbazi.org\/pages\/zanjani1.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

      Mirza Salih Gulam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u015eeyhin Hat\u0131ralar\u0131 \u2018Khaterate \u015eeykh \u0130brahim Zencani (Sargozashte Zendegani Man)\u2019\u00a0 ismiyle bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kevir Yay\u0131nevi, 1379-2000,\u00a0 Tahran.<\/p>\n

      [10]<\/a> Age. S. 3.<\/p>\n

      [11]<\/a> Age. S.3<\/p>\n

      [12]<\/a>Fa.Wiki den 14 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde elde dinmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/p>\n

      [13]<\/a> R\u0131za Reis-e Tusi, \u2018Esterateji sarzamin-haye Sukhte: Sistan ve Nokhostin Gam-haye N\u00fcfuz-e Estemar\u2019; Faslname-ye Takhassosi Tarikh-e Moaser-e \u0130ran, birinci y\u0131l, ikinci say\u0131, Yaz 1376-1997, S.72.<\/p>\n

      \u015eahbaz Abdullahi, \u201cMirase Farhangi \u0130ran ve Karname Esfandyar Rahim Ma\u015fayi\u201d S.5,\u00a0 10 Aral\u0131kta bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir:\u00a0 http:\/\/www.shahbazi.org\/pages\/Mashai_Chicago_Affair.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

      [14]<\/a> Mirza Salih Gulam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u015eeyhin Hat\u0131ralar\u0131 \u2018Khaterate \u015eeykh \u0130brahim Zencani (Sargozashte Zendegani Man)\u2019\u00a0 ismiyle bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kevir Yay\u0131nevi, 1379-2000,\u00a0 Tahran.<\/p>\n

      [15]<\/a> Abdullah \u015eahbazi, \u2018Bahaism\u2019 s.24-25<\/p>\n

      [16]<\/a> \u015eahbazi. Abdullah, \u2018Manekci Hateria ve Bahayigeri-e Avvaliye\u2019, 29 Bahman 1388\/18 \u015eubat 2010 , \u2018Bahayism\u2019 s.22.<\/p>\n

      [17]<\/a> \u015eahbaz i. Abdullah, \u2018Bahayism\u2019s. 42.<\/p>\n

      [18]<\/a> \u2018Emir Kebir ve \u0130ran\u2019 s. 448.<\/p>\n

      [19]<\/a> \u015eahbazi. Abdullah, \u2018Bahayism\u2019 S.28.<\/p>\n

      [20]<\/a> Age. S.48<\/p>\n

      [21]<\/a>\u00a0 \u2018Bahayism\u2019 s. 42<\/p>\n

      [22]<\/a> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Suriye\u2019den T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan K\u00fcrtler de bu kavimdendir.<\/p>\n

      [23]<\/a> S\u00fcphi \u2018Payam-e Pedar\u2019 s.227, \u2018Bahayism\u2019<\/p>\n

      [24]<\/a> Fateme Ha\u015femi, \u2018Te\u015fkil-e Dolat-e Movaggat-e\u00a0 Der Kerman\u015fah\u2019 15.12.1389\/2011, 10 aral\u0131k tarihinde bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir: http:\/\/www.jamejamonline.ir\/NewsPdf\/1576704755760522085<\/a><\/p>\n

      [25]<\/a> Safayi \u201920 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Siyasi Tarih\u2019 kitab\u0131n da Mahammed Ali Furugi hakk\u0131nda \u015fu bilgileri aktarmaktad\u0131r: Bu \u015fah\u0131s Me\u015frutiyet\u00e7ilerin siyasal olarak y\u00f6netilmesinde en \u00f6nemli rol oynayan \u015fah\u0131slardan biridir. \u0130ran\u2019da 1907 tarihinde 32 ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u2018\u0130ran Oyan\u0131\u015f Lojas\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Ka\u00e7ar devletinin devrilmesinde ve R\u0131za Han Pehlevi h\u00e2kimiyetinin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2kimiyetin 1925\u2019te Ka\u00e7ar Padi\u015fah\u0131 Ahmet \u015eah\u2019tan R\u0131za \u015eah\u2019a ve 1941\u2019de R\u0131za \u015eah\u2019tan o\u011flu Muhammed R\u0131za \u015eah\u2019a devir teslim i\u015fleminde en etmen \u015fah\u0131s olmu\u015ftur. Fars dilinin devlet dili olmas\u0131nda esas rol oynayan diplomatlardan biri olarak \u201cFars Dil Kurumunun\u201d kurucusu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      [26]<\/a> Erfan Karimi, \u2018Negahi be Ta\u015fkil-e Dolat-e Movaggat Tey-e\u00a0 Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval Dar Kerman\u015fah\u2019 ,\u2018Resalet\u2019 , 30.10.1388\/2009, 10 Aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.resalat-news.com\/Fa\/?code=16175<\/a><\/p>\n

      [27]<\/a> Yine orada ve yazar\u0131n\u00a0 \u2018\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f tarihimizin perde arkas\u0131, maksat ve stratejimiz\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan. \u015eu linkden elde edine bilir: www.rahimjavadbayli.blogspot.com<\/a><\/p>\n

      [28]<\/a> Dr. Mohammad Gholi Majd, \u2018The Great Famine And Genocide \u0130n Persia 1917-1919\u2019 University Press Of America,\u00a0 ABD, 2003. Fars\u00e7aya \u00c7evirisi: Mahammed Karimi, \u2018Ghahti-e Bozorg\u2019 , \u2018Moassese-ye Motaleat va Pajuheshhaye Siyasi\u2019, Tahran 1387-2008.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/<\/a><\/p>\n

      [29]<\/a> Abdullah \u015eahbazi\u2019nin Dr. M.G.Majd ile s\u00f6yle\u015fisi, 1382-2003, 10 aral\u0131k 2014 tarihinde bu linkten elde edinmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.shahbazi.org\/pages\/majd3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

      [30]<\/a> Age.<\/p>\n

      [31]<\/a> M.G. M. ayn\u0131 kitap, s.21 ve 5. B\u00f6l\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

      [32]<\/a>\u00a0 \u2018Ghahti-e Bozorg\u2019 S. 20.<\/p>\n

      [33]<\/a> Age. s.77. Bu hakta Camalzade\u2019nin Hafiz Farmanfarmayiyan\u2019a dayanarak yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cFarmanfarma va Gahti 1336 h.k. dar \u015eiraz\u201d eserinde de kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      [34]<\/a> Age. s. 52. Ve \u2018Southerd to Vickery, letter and memorandum, 891. 48\/127, December, 24, 1918.\u2019<\/p>\n

      [35]<\/a> Age. S. 51.<\/p>\n

      [36]<\/a> Age. S. 53. \u2018Donohoe, Persian Expedition, pp. 76-77.\u2019<\/p>\n

      [37]<\/a> Age. S. 53. Donohoe, Persian Expedition, pp. 76-77.<\/p>\n

      [38]<\/a> Age.<\/p>\n

      [39]<\/a> Age. S. 82.<\/p>\n

      [40]<\/a> Yazar\u0131n 26 Kas\u0131m 2014 tarihinde Azerbaycan medyas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan s\u00f6yle\u015fisi, buradan elde edinebilir:<\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.olaylar.az\/news\/diaspora\/103061#.VIkV_oyjBYI.facebook<\/a><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Kaynak\u00e7a <\/strong><\/p>\n