![\"\"](\"http:\/\/misak.millidusunce.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Omar_Fakhreddin_Pasha.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve neredeyse bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 devletinin Almanlara yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren \u0130ngiltere Osmanl\u0131 devletini i\u00e7ten vurmak i\u00e7in Araplar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devletine kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131rma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015fti. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Kahire Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Henry Mc Mahon Mekke Emiri \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin ile bu ama\u00e7la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere, daha do\u011frusu yaz\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ayaklanma tekliflerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fu isteklerde bulunmu\u015ftu: Hicaz\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yap\u0131lmas\u0131, kendi y\u00f6netimine verilmesi, Hilafetin Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan al\u0131narak kendisine verilmesi. \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin daha sonra isteklerini b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc ve Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Irak\u2019\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bir Arap devleti kurulmas\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131na da kendisinin ge\u00e7irilmesi talebini de iletti. \u0130ngiltere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ince hesaplar sonunda 1916 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in isteklerini, L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131 hari\u00e7 tutarak, kabul etti ve bir anla\u015fma yapt\u0131. Anla\u015fma sonunda da \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Araplar Osmanl\u0131 devletine kar\u015f\u0131 isyan ederek \u0130ngiltere saflar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in isyana haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordu komutan\u0131 Cemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Fahreddin (T\u00fcrkkan) Pa\u015fa, 28 May\u0131s 1916\u2019da Hicaz cephesine, Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6revlendirildi. Hicaz b\u00f6lgesindeki Osmanl\u0131 askerinin say\u0131s\u0131 15.000 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin ile birlikte isyan edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 ise 50.000 ki\u015fiyi buluyordu.<\/p>\n
\u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in adamlar\u0131, 3 Haziran 1916\u2019da Medine \u00e7evresindeki demiryolunu ve telgraf hatlar\u0131n\u0131 tahrip ederek isyan\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. 5-6 Haziran gecesi Medine\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 karakollar\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ama Fahreddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirler sayesinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131lar. Fakat isyanc\u0131 Araplar \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fi ile daha haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir genel sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek 16 Haziran\u2019da Cidde\u2019ye, 7 Temmuz\u2019da Mekke\u2019ye. 22 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de de T\u00e2if\u2019e girdiler. Fahreddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n savundu\u011fu Medine d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ana merkezler isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. \u00a0Bunun \u00fczerine Fahreddin Pa\u015fa yetkileri artt\u0131r\u0131larak,1916 Temmuz\u2019unda, Hicaz Kuvve-i Seferiyyesi komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tayin edildi.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Kanal Harek\u00e2t\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddetiyle devam etti\u011finden Osmanl\u0131 devleti Hicaz\u2019a asker g\u00f6nderemiyordu. Fahreddin Pa\u015fa elinde bulunan az say\u0131daki asker ve son derece k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 erzakla Medine\u2019yi 31 ay boyunca ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdafaa etti, isyanc\u0131lara vermedi.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda 10 ayr\u0131 cephede sava\u015fmak zorunda kalan Osmanl\u0131 devleti son geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Hicaz\u2019\u0131 k\u0131smen bo\u015faltma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu karar \u00fczerine Fahreddin Pa\u015fa, hem \u0130ngilizlerin eline ge\u00e7memesi, hem de herhangi bir ya\u011fmaya meydan verilmemesi i\u00e7in Medine\u2019de Hz. Peygamber\u2019in mezar\u0131nda bulunan mukaddes emanetlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019a nakledilmesini h\u00fck\u00fcmetine teklif etti. Teklif, g\u00fcvenlik sorumlulu\u011fu kendisinde olmak \u015fart\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi. Fahreddin Pa\u015fa bir komisyon kurarak tek tek kutsal emanetleri kaydettirdi. Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n ceylan derisine i\u015flenmi\u015f el yazmal\u0131 Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i, Peygamberimizin suretinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hilye-i \u015eerif, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015flemeli rahleler, p\u0131rlanta ve incilerle kapl\u0131 mercan tespihler, som alt\u0131n \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 Kelime-i \u015fehadet, el yazmas\u0131 Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerimler\u00a0 gibi 30 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan mukaddes emanetleri 2000 askerin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n
Bu arada Medine\u2019yi savunmak gittik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fiyordu. Medine \u2013 Suriye aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6lde dola\u015fan ve ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7inen bedeviler, \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in y\u00f6nlendirmeleri ve \u0130ngilizlerin paralar\u0131yla kand\u0131r\u0131larak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aleyhine harekete ge\u00e7irilmi\u015flerdi. Bu y\u00fczden Medine\u2019yi Suriye\u2019ye ba\u011flayan Hicaz demiryolunun korunmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmi\u015fti. \u0130syanc\u0131lar demiryolu boyunca raylar\u0131 dinamitle par\u00e7al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda \u00e7evre ile irtibat\u0131 kesilmi\u015f bir durumda kalan, erzak ve ia\u015fesi \u00e7ok azalan Medine\u2019nin tahliyesine karar verildi. \u00d6nce \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in yerine tayin edilmi\u015f olan yeni Mekke Emiri \u015eerif Haydar Pa\u015fa ailesiyle birlikte Medine\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Sonra da yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 ki\u015filik yerli Medine halk\u0131 \u015fehirden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ama Fahreddin Pa\u015fa, o d\u00f6nemde askerler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u201c Osmanc\u0131k\u201d yerine ilk defa Medine\u2019deki yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullanarak dilimize kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMehmet\u00e7ik\u201dleriyle orada kald\u0131 ve \u015fehri savunmaya devam etti. Fakat k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Medine isyanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tamamen ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131. Hi\u00e7bir yerden yard\u0131m alamayan \u015fehirde kalan halk ve asker aras\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu olumsuz ve zor \u015fartlara ra\u011fmen Fahreddin Pa\u015fa \u015fehrin m\u00fcdafaas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hatta ku\u015fatmadan \u00f6nce kaleyi tahliye etmesini teklif eden \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetine:<\/p>\n
– \u201cHz. Peygamberin t\u00fcrbesinin oldu\u011fu yerden T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ben elimle indiremem, e\u011fer mutlaka tahliye edecekseniz buraya ba\u015fka bir komutan g\u00f6nderiniz\u201d diye telgraf \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Kimse g\u00f6nderilmedi ve Fahreddin Pa\u015fa Medine\u2019yi savunmaya devam etti. Pa\u015fa ve askerleri bir taraftan d\u00fc\u015fmanla, di\u011fer taraftan a\u00e7l\u0131k ve hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele ederken M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Kanal Harek\u00e2t\u0131 fel\u00e2ketle bitmi\u015f, Filistin elden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve en yak\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri Medine\u2019den en az 1000 km. uzakta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yenilgi devam etti. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ma\u011fl\u00fbp olmu\u015f ve Ekim ay\u0131 sonunda Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019ni imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
M\u00fctareke h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re teslim olmas\u0131 gereken Fahreddin Pa\u015fa buna yana\u015fmad\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019de demirleyen bir \u0130ngiliz torpidosu m\u00fctareke \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve Medine\u2019ye ait maddeyi kendisine bildirdi\u011fi halde Pa\u015fa buna uymad\u0131. \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019ni tebli\u011f etmek \u00fczere g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131y\u0131 da Medine\u2019de tuttu ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a cevap vermedi.<\/p>\n
Bir yandan \u0130ngilizler, bir yandan Medine\u2019yi ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f olan \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in kuvvetleri \u0131srarla Medine\u2019nin bir an \u00f6nce teslim edilmesini istiyorlard\u0131. Pa\u015fa da bunlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli reddediyor :<\/p>\n
-\u201c Ben Hazreti Peygamberin kabrini kendi elime gayri m\u00fcslimlere terk edemem\u201d diyordu. \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u0130ngilizlerin bask\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine padi\u015fah\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yeni bir teslim emrini Adliye N\u00e2z\u0131r\u0131 Haydar Pa\u015fa ile Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi. Fahreddin Pa\u015fa bu emri de dinlemedi. Askerlerin \u00e7o\u011funun hasta olmas\u0131na, cephane, ila\u00e7, yiyecek ve giyecek stoklar\u0131n\u0131n bitmesine ra\u011fmen direnmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Ancak Fahreddin Pa\u015fa, sonunda kendi subaylar\u0131n\u0131n da bask\u0131s\u0131 ile teslim olmaya raz\u0131 oldu.\u00a0Ama vicdan\u0131 ve iman\u0131 bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 geldi. Pa\u015fa Ravza-i Mutahhara dedi\u011fimiz Hz. Peygamberin t\u00fcrbesi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki bir medreseye giderek bir yere gitmeyece\u011fini ve \u015fehri teslim etmeyece\u011fini bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Fakat yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve di\u011fer karargah subaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201cb\u00f6yle devam ederse Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 ya\u015fatmazlar\u201d endi\u015fesi ile, bir toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda birli\u011findeki s\u00f6z konusu astlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tutuldu ve 10 Ocak 1919\u2019da hep birlikte teslim oldular.<\/p>\n
Fahreddin Pa\u015fa teslim edilince, \u0130syanc\u0131 Araplar 13 Ocak 1919\u2019da Medine\u2019ye girdiler. B\u00f6ylece Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden yetmi\u015f iki g\u00fcn sonra Medine teslim oldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngilizlerin \u201cT\u00fcrk kaplan\u0131\u201d dedi\u011fi Fahreddin Pa\u015fa 27 Ocak\u2019ta sava\u015f esiri olarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u0130syanc\u0131 Araplar\u0131n bir samimiyetsizli\u011fi daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130skenderiye \u015fehrine 5-10 km. mesafede \u0130ngilizlerin kurdu\u011fu Ras el Tin esir kamp\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu kampta 45\u2019i erkek 25\u2019i kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere 70 T\u00fcrk esiri tutuluyordu. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi askerlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 erkekler ve ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan insanlard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 Kampa getiren \u0130ngilizlerdi ama \u0130ngilizlere teslim eden isyanc\u0131 \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019in adamlar\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hac vazifesini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in Mekke\u2019ye giden T\u00fcrk Hac\u0131 adaylar\u0131yd\u0131. Mekke\u2019de isyanc\u0131 Araplar bu T\u00fcrk Hac\u0131lar\u0131 esir alm\u0131\u015f, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka M\u00fcslamana yapmamas\u0131 gerekeni yapm\u0131\u015f ve maddi, manevi destekler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar\u0131 \u0130ngilizlere teslim etmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Fahreddin Pa\u015fa 5 A\u011fustos 1919\u2019da tutuldu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r esir kamp\u0131ndan Malta\u2019daki esir kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. 8 ay sonra Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin gayretleriyle 8 Nisan 1921\u2019de Malta\u2019dan kurtuldu. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde 24 Eyl\u00fcl 1921\u2019de Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019ye kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya geldi.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Frans\u0131zlarla \u00e7etin m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen G\u00fcney Cephesinde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. Antep, Urfa, Mara\u015f ve Adana\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi \u015fanl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lan subaylar\u0131n se\u00e7ilerek milis k\u0131yafetle b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmesini ve m\u00fccadelelerini organize etti. G\u00fcney cephesi kapan\u0131nca 9 Kas\u0131m 1921\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Afganistan-K\u00e2bil El\u00e7ili\u011fine atand\u0131. 12 May\u0131s 1926\u2019da g\u00f6revinin sona ermesi \u00fczerine yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
5 \u015eubat 1936\u2019da t\u00fcmgeneral Fahreddin Pa\u015fa Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler\u2019den\u00a0 emekli oldu. 22 Kas\u0131m 1948\u2019de vefat etti ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da Rumelihisar\u0131\u2019na defnedildi.<\/p>\n
Fahreddin Pa\u015fa ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan Feridun Kandemir, Pa\u015fa ile son zamanlarda s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn Kandemir, \u00f6zellikle Medine m\u00fcdafaas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kendisinin yazmas\u0131n\u0131, bu ya\u015fananlardan gelecek nesillerin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli dersler ve sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyince Fahrettin T\u00fcrkkan Pa\u015fa ona m\u00fctevazili\u011fin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden birini g\u00f6stererek \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n
-\u201cEvlad\u0131m, o bir g\u00f6revdi. Bize verilmi\u015fti. Biz g\u00f6revimizi yapt\u0131k ve o i\u015f orada bitti\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Fahreddin Pa\u015fa Harbiye\u2019nin, Harbiyelilerin, ordumuzun, milletimizin ve b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n gurur duyaca\u011f\u0131 abide \u015fahsiyetlerimizden biridir.<\/p>\n
Ruhu \u015fad olsun!<\/p>\n
21.12.2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tarihimize millet\u00e7e sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz. Son g\u00fcnlerdeki bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131yla T\u00fcrk Milleti, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ve ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerimizden T\u00fcrk Kaplan\u0131 Fahrettin Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n hikayesini bir kere daha hat\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":707,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66,68],"tags":[],"coauthors":[32],"class_list":["post-705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-turkluk-turkculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/705\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=705"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}