{"id":7124,"date":"2019-05-01T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=7124&preview=true&preview_id=7124"},"modified":"2019-05-01T16:40:31","modified_gmt":"2019-05-01T13:40:31","slug":"turklerin-tureyis-efsaneleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turklerin-tureyis-efsaneleri\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsaneleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yazar\u0131m\u0131z Ahmet B. Ercilasun, Yeni\u00e7a\u011f gazetesinde 28.01.2018 \u2013 25.03.2018 tarihleri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsaneleriyle ilgili alt\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazd\u0131. Misak edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilip tek bir yaz\u0131 h\u00e2linde okuyuculara sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/em><\/p>\n

En eski kay\u0131t<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015fleriyle ilgili en eski kay\u0131t, Cou-\u015fu<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu kaynak, \u00c7inlilerin Cou<\/em> hanedan\u0131n\u0131n tarihidir ve 629 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cou<\/em>–\u015fu<\/em>\u2019da anlat\u0131lan efsane \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131, Hyung<\/em>–nu<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131n (Hunlar\u0131n) kuzeyindeki So <\/em>devletinden gelmi\u015ftir. Boyun ba\u015f\u0131 A-pang-pu<\/em> idi; 17 erkek karde\u015fi vard\u0131. Karde\u015flerinden birinin ad\u0131 \u0130-\u00e7i-ni-\u015fi-tu<\/em> idi; di\u015fi bir kurttan do\u011fmu\u015ftu. B\u00fct\u00fcn karde\u015flerin devletleri y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, sadece \u0130-\u00e7i-ni-<\/em>\u015fi-tu<\/em> kald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona bir peri dokunmu\u015ftu. Bu sayede ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131rabiliyor, r\u00fczg\u00e2r estirebiliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130-\u00e7i-ni-\u015fi-tu<\/em> iki kad\u0131nla evlendi; biri yaz tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, biri k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 idi. Bunlardan biri d\u00f6rt o\u011ful do\u011furdu. O\u011fullardan biri ak bir ku\u011fuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklardan biri A-fu<\/em> ile Kem <\/em>(Yenisey) \u0131rmaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki topraklara yerle\u015fti; bunlara K\u0131rg\u0131z <\/em>denildi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7ocuk \u00c7u-\u00e7e <\/em>\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011ful, Bat\u0131 Sayan<\/em> da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131na yerle\u015fti. Da\u011f\u0131n tepesinde A-pang-pu<\/em> boyunun ba\u015fka kollar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok so\u011fuktu ve \u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011ful ate\u015f yakarak onlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131 ve korudu. Onlar da b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011fulu ba\u015fbu\u011f yapt\u0131lar ve ona T\u00fcrk<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Unvan\u0131 No-tu-lu \u015ead<\/em> idi.<\/p>\n

No-tu-lu \u015ead<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>\u0131n on e\u015fi vard\u0131. Bunlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar annelerinin soyad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. No-tu<\/em>–lu \u015ead<\/em> \u00f6l\u00fcnce bu \u00e7ocuklardan biri ba\u015fbu\u011f se\u00e7ilecekti.\u00a0 Kad\u0131nlar bir a\u011fac\u0131n alt\u0131nda topland\u0131lar ve \u015f\u00f6yle karar verdiler: A\u011fa\u00e7ta kim en y\u00fckse\u011fe s\u0131\u00e7rarsa o, ba\u015fbu\u011f olacak.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlardan birinin ad\u0131 A-\u015fi-na<\/em> idi ve onun o\u011flu en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuktu. En y\u00fckse\u011fe o s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131 ve ba\u015fbu\u011f oldu. Kendisine A-hien (Bilge) \u015ead <\/em>unvan\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

Bozkurt \/ Ergenekon destan\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, yukar\u0131daki efsaneyi, Bozkurt \/ Ergenekon<\/em> destan\u0131n\u0131n bir varyant\u0131 saym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun birka\u00e7 sebebi var:<\/p>\n

1) \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131 bu efsaneyi de K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklere ait efsaneler aras\u0131nda sayar,<\/p>\n

2) \u0130lk ata \u0130-\u00e7i-ni-\u015fi-tu<\/em>, di\u015fi kurttan do\u011fmu\u015ftur,<\/p>\n

3) Bu efsanenin sonundaki No-tu-lu \u015ead (T\u00fcrk), A-\u015fi-na<\/em> ve A-hien (Bilge) \u015ead<\/em> isimleri, Bozkurt<\/em> efsanesiyle benze\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu efsanede, bacaklar\u0131 kesilen \u00e7ocuk, di\u015fi kurt taraf\u0131ndan beslenme ve da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131na (Ergenekon\u2019a) ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yoktur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Bozkurt efsanesinde olmayan bir\u00e7ok motif vard\u0131r: \u0130ki karde\u015f, perinin dokunmas\u0131, ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131rma ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r estirme yetene\u011fi, yaz ve k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131yla evlenme, \u00e7ocuklardan birinin ak ku\u011fuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkeye sahip olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ate\u015fi icat etmesi, y\u00fckse\u011fe s\u0131\u00e7rama.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklardan birinin iline \/ devletine K\u0131rg\u0131z<\/em> ad\u0131 verilmesi, dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Bu husus, efsanenin sadece K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk boyuna ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklere ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bu yarg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fka sebepleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Ergenekon'dan

Ergenekon’dan \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/p><\/div>\n

Arap kaynaklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin atas\u0131: Nuh’un o\u011flu Yafes<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z farkl\u0131 motifler, daha sonraki kaynaklarda b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklere ait motifler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7er. 1126 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Mucmel\u00fc\u2019t-Tev\u00e2r\u00eeh<\/em> adl\u0131 Arap\u00e7a kaynakta T\u00fcrk<\/em>\u2019\u00fcn babas\u0131 Yafes<\/em>\u2019tir. Yafes<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> Babas\u0131 Nuh<\/em>\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bir ad\u0131 bir ta\u015fa kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyunca ya\u011fmur ve kar ya\u011fd\u0131rma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmi\u015ftir. Yine bu Arap\u00e7a kaynakta T\u00fcrk<\/em>\u2019\u00fcn yerle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lgedeki da\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bir ate\u015f peyda olmu\u015ftur. \u00dc\u00e7 o\u011fulun \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkeye yerle\u015fmesi motifi, \u015eehname<\/em>\u2019de Feridun<\/em>\u2019un d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve \u0130slam kaynaklar\u0131nda da Nuh<\/em>\u2019un d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam kaynaklar\u0131ndaki bu rivayetler, K\u00f6k T\u00fcrk<\/em> boyu ile de\u011fil, genel olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ile ilgilidir. \u015eu halde 629\u2019daki \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda bulunan bu efsane, \u0130slam kaynaklar\u0131ndaki efsanenin en eski bi\u00e7imidir; fakat az da olsa Bozkurt<\/em> efsanesi ile kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih ve co\u011frafya bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birbirinden \u00e7ok uzakta bulunan \u00c7in ve Arap kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrklerin bu en eski efsanesine ait benzer motiflere sahip olmas\u0131 tek bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: \u00c7inliler de, Arap kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yazanlar da bunlar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerden i\u015fitmi\u015flerdir. Elbette efsanede, zaman ve co\u011frafya farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve dinleyenlerin alg\u0131lamalar\u0131ndan do\u011fan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk atalar\u0131n adlar\u0131? Yaz ve k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131yla evlenme? Onlar\u0131 da sonraya b\u0131rakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Yeniden t\u00fcreme<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uzun zamandan beri T\u00fcrk destan ve efsaneleri hakk\u0131nda yazmak istiyordum. Ge\u00e7en hafta bir ucundan i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131m. T\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc izlerin ve s\u00f6zlerin birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnlerde destanlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak belki ruhlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Ge\u00e7en hafta sordu\u011fum sorulara daha sonra d\u00f6nece\u011fim. \u015eimdi \u201cYeniden T\u00fcreme\u201d<\/em> efsanesine bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, Hyung-nu<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>lar\u0131n (Hunlar\u0131n) \u00f6zel bir uru\u011fudur. A-\u015fi-na<\/em> soyundan geliyorlar; kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na, ayr\u0131 olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra kom\u015fu \u00fclkenin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131lar ve yenildiler. B\u00fct\u00fcn soy ve soplar\u0131 yok edildi. Sadece on ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk kald\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fman askerleri onun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye k\u0131yamad\u0131lar; ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestiler; bir sazl\u0131k ve batakl\u0131\u011fa att\u0131lar. Orada bir di\u015fi kurt vard\u0131. \u00c7ocu\u011fu etle besledi. \u00c7ocuk b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc; kurt ile birle\u015fti. Kurt, \u00e7ocuktan hamile kald\u0131. Kom\u015fu \u00fclkenin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun h\u00e2l\u00e2 hayatta oldu\u011funu i\u015fitince, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in adamlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Gelenler, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yan\u0131nda kurdu da g\u00f6rd\u00fcler; onu da \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek istediler. Kurt, Kao-\u00e7ang<\/em> (Turfan) \u00fclkesinin kuzeyindeki da\u011fa ka\u00e7t\u0131. Da\u011fda bir ma\u011fara vard\u0131. Ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7inde zengin ve verimli, \u00e7ay\u0131rlarla kapl\u0131 bir ova vard\u0131. Ova, y\u00fczlerce kilometre geni\u015fli\u011findeydi ve d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131 da\u011flarla \u00e7evriliydi. Di\u015fi kurt orada sakland\u0131 ve on erkek \u00e7ocuk do\u011furdu. On \u00e7ocuk b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Ma\u011faradan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan k\u0131zlar alarak evlendiler. Onlar da hamile kald\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece on \u00e7ocu\u011fun her biri bir soya sahip oldu. Soylardan biri de A-\u015fi-na <\/em>idi. Bunlar\u0131n o\u011ful ve torunlar\u0131 da \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131lar; zamanla y\u00fczlerce aile oldular. Birka\u00e7 nesil sonra hep birlikte ma\u011faradan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve Ju-ju\u2019<\/em>lara (Juan-juan\u2019lara) t\u00e2bi oldular. Altay Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney eteklerinde Ju-ju<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>lar\u0131n demircileri olarak ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Altay da\u011f\u0131 mi\u011ffere benziyordu ve onlar\u0131n dilinde mi\u011ffere Tu-k\u00fc<\/em> (T\u00fcrk) deniyordu. Bu sebeple kendilerine Tu-k\u00fc<\/em> (T\u00fcrk) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler.<\/p>\n

\"G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk

G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Demircileri-\u00c7in Ansiklopedisi<\/p><\/div>\n

Bu efsane de 629 tarihli \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda, Cou-\u015fu<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>da kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Efsane, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerle de\u011fil, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerle ilgilidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerle ilgili olan t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesini ge\u00e7en hafta yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, sadece onlar\u0131n bir kolu olan K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerle ilgili bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu efsane daha sonraki bir t\u00fcreyi\u015fi g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu sebeple \u201cilk t\u00fcreme\u201d<\/em> de\u011fil \u201cyeniden t\u00fcreme\u201d<\/em> efsanesidir. Halk bilimi ve destan bilimi uzman\u0131 olan Dursun Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m da bu efsane i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 olarak \u201cyeniden t\u00fcreme\u201d<\/em> terimini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu metin, hepimizin bildi\u011fi Bozkurt Destan\u0131<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>d\u0131r. Daha sonraki \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda bu metnin de\u011fi\u015fkeleri (varyantlar\u0131) de bulunmaktad\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fkelerdeki baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve fazlal\u0131klar \u00f6nemlidir. Mesela Sui-\u015fu<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>da (636), metnin ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cBu insanlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 Bat\u0131 Denizi\u2019nin \u00fcst b\u00f6lgesine h\u00fckmediyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/em> c\u00fcmlesi vard\u0131r. Bei-\u015fi<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>de (659) ise \u201cBat\u0131 Denizi\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131\u201d<\/em> denmektedir. Bu kay\u0131t, K\u00f6k T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011framadan \u00f6nceki yurtlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir ipucudur. Bat\u0131 Denizi\u2019nin neresi oldu\u011fu konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli fikirleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Don de\u011fi\u015ftiren di\u015fi kam<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sui-\u015fu<\/em> ve Bei-\u015fi<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>deki \u015fu kay\u0131t da ilgi \u00e7ekicidir: \u201cAma birden di\u015fi kurdun i\u00e7ine sanki bir ruh girmi\u015fti ve kurt kendisini Bat\u0131 Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fusunda buldu.\u201d<\/em> 1000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na ait bir \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131ndaki kay\u0131t ise \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201c\u2026 tam yakla\u015f\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekler iken bu kurt kuvvetlenerek, tabiat \u00fcst\u00fc bir \u015fekilde u\u00e7arak denizin do\u011fusunda bulunan da\u011fda durdu.\u201d<\/em> (Ahmet Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l, G\u00f6k-T\u00fcrkler, 1995: 110). 801 tarihli \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131 Tung-dien<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>de ise kurdun \u00e7ocu\u011fu beslemek i\u00e7in u\u00e7arak et buldu\u011fu kayd\u0131 vard\u0131r (Ta\u015fa\u011f\u0131l 1995: 95).<\/p>\n

Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi \u015fudur: \u00c7ocu\u011fu besleyen ve ondan hamile kalan kurt, alelade bir kurt de\u011fildir; ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Dursun Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cdon de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f bir di\u015fi T\u00fcrk, bir kad\u0131n kam\u201d<\/em> olabilir. \u201cDon de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\u201d<\/em>, \u201cba\u015fka bir k\u0131l\u0131\u011fa girmek, insan iken hayvan, hayvan iken insan k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girmek\u201d<\/em> demektir. Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f ile ilgili rivayetlerde ve \u201cAli Cengiz Oyunu\u201d<\/em> masal\u0131nda \u201cdon de\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d<\/em> motifine rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sui-\u015fu<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>da,<\/em><\/strong> efsanenin sonunda \u015fu kay\u0131t da vard\u0131r: \u201cA-\u015fi-na, soylar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne bir bayrak ast\u0131. \u00dczerinde kurt ba\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. A-hien-\u015fe (Bilge \u015ead) adl\u0131 adam kabilesini ma\u011faradan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa Ju-ju\u2019lara hizmet ettiler.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Acaba Ergenekon\u2019la bu metin aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki var m\u0131? Sorular \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor. Elbette cevaplar\u0131 gelecektir.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015fiyle ilgili en eski kay\u0131tta ilk atalardan \u0130-\u00e7i-ni-\u015fi-tu<\/em>, yaz ve k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131yla evlenmi\u015fti. Konuyla ilgili ilk yaz\u0131m\u0131n sonunda sormu\u015ftum: Acaba daha ba\u015fka rivayetlerde buna benzer bir \u015fey var m\u0131yd\u0131? Sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131, bu defa \u00c7in veya Arap kaynaklar\u0131nda de\u011fil, eski bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metinde buluyoruz. Uygur harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019nda.<\/p>\n

13-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi tahmin edilen Uygur harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019nda, g\u00f6kten inen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde g\u00fczel bir k\u0131z vard\u0131r; O\u011fuz onu g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve evlenir. \u0130kinci olarak g\u00f6l ortas\u0131ndaki bir a\u011fa\u00e7 kovu\u011funda g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcr; O\u011fuz onunla da evlenir. Bunlardan birincisi yaz tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ikincisi k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. 629 y\u0131l\u0131na ait \u00c7ince kay\u0131ttaki yaz ve k\u0131\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n, sekiz dokuz y\u00fczy\u0131l sonraki bir kay\u0131tta bu kadar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framas\u0131 tabiidir.<\/p>\n

Destanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi bu metinlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar (tabakalar) bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fudur: \u00c7ok eski tarihlerde farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ge\u00e7en olaylar, destanlarda ayn\u0131 zamanda ge\u00e7mi\u015f olaylara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir ve farkl\u0131 tarihlerdeki olaylar\u0131n farkl\u0131 ana kahramanlar\u0131, destanlarda tek bir kahramanm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Hatta destanlarda, efsanevi d\u00f6nemlere ait katmanlar da bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan destan\u0131nda en az \u00fc\u00e7 katman vard\u0131r. Son katman, Asya Hun h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Motun <\/em>(Mete<\/em>) ile ilgilidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131 Motun<\/em> olarak kabul eder. Motun\u2019dan \u00f6nceki katman, Alp Er Tonga<\/em> ile ilgilidir. Alp Er Tonga<\/em>, Kafkaslar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p Anadolu, Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a kadar uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Re\u015fideddin rivayetindeki O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan da \u00f6yle. Bunu dikkate alan Zeki Velid\u00ee Togan, O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Alp Er Tonga<\/em> oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin kozmogoni (yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uygur harfli O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019nda bunlardan da eski bir katman vard\u0131r. Bu da \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki ve a\u011fa\u00e7 kovu\u011fundaki k\u0131zlarla evlenme motifinde ve do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara verilen isimlerde gizlidir. I\u015f\u0131ktaki k\u0131zdan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara G\u00fcn <\/em>(G\u00fcne\u015f anlam\u0131nda), Ay, Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/em> adlar\u0131 verilir. A\u011fa\u00e7 kovu\u011fundaki k\u0131zdan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara ise G\u00f6k, Da\u011f, Deniz<\/em> adlar\u0131 konur. G\u00fcn<\/em> (g\u00fcne\u015f), ay, y\u0131ld\u0131z uzay<\/em> cisimleridir. G\u00f6k (atmosfer), da\u011f, deniz<\/em> ise d\u00fcnyadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk katman, T\u00fcrklerin kozmogoni (yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar. G\u00f6kten inen \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 uzay cisimleri, a\u011fa\u00e7 kovu\u011fundaki k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yer cisimleridir. T\u00fcrklerin kozmogoni anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk an\u0131tlar\u0131nda da \u201c\u00fcstte mavi g\u00f6k, altta ya\u011f\u0131z yer yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ikisi aras\u0131nda insan o\u011flu yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d<\/em> c\u00fcmlesiyle ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu ilk katman\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesiyle ilgili oluyor. Fakat O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131\u2019nda kozmogonik katman d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcreyi\u015fle ilgili ba\u015fka izler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Destan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka de\u011fi\u015fkesi (varyant\u0131) de 1660\u2019ta Ebulgazi Bah\u00e2d\u0131r Han\u2019\u0131n \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>dir. Orada O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan, Key\u00fbmers<\/em> ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f g\u00f6sterilir. Key\u00fbmers,<\/em> efsanelerine g\u00f6re Farslar\u0131n ilk atas\u0131d\u0131r. Demek ki O\u011fuz <\/em>da T\u00fcrklerin ilk atas\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak gerek Re\u015fideddin\u2019in 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Fars\u00e7a O\u011fuzn\u00e2me\u2019sinde, gerek Ebulgazi Han\u2019n 1660\u2019ta yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00c7a\u011fatayca O\u011fuzn\u00e2me\u2019sinde (\u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>de) O\u011fuz, Hz. Nuh\u2019a dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve Nuh ile O\u011fuz aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok (birincide \u00fc\u00e7, ikincide dokuz) h\u00fck\u00fcmdar vard\u0131r. Her iki de\u011fi\u015fke de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131ktan sonra oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrklerin ilk atalar\u0131n\u0131n Nuh\u2019a ba\u011flanmas\u0131 tabiidir.<\/p>\n

\"Temsili

Temsili O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan<\/p><\/div>\n

T\u00fcrklerin ilk atas\u0131: Apa E\u00e7e<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fakat\u2026 Togan\u2019\u0131n 1972\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Re\u015fideddin O\u011fuzn\u00e2me<\/em>\u2019sinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bir c\u00fcmle vard\u0131r ki hayli dikkat \u00e7ekicidir: \u201cYafes, T\u00fcrklerin deyi\u015fine g\u00f6re Olcay Han diye l\u00e2kap al\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> Olcay Han<\/em> ismi, Ebulgazi\u2019de Amulca Han<\/em> \u015feklindedir. \u00c7e\u015fitli yazmalarda bu isim Abulca, Abul\u00e7a<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde de ge\u00e7er. \u0130\u015fte ilk yaz\u0131m\u0131zdaki di\u011fer sorunun cevab\u0131 da bu isimde gizlidir.<\/p>\n

629 tarihli \u00c7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda, karde\u015f olan ilk atalar\u0131n adlar\u0131 \u00c7incele\u015fmi\u015f bi\u00e7imlerle (ve belki de \u00c7ince baz\u0131 eklentilerle) veriliyordu: A-pang-pu<\/em> ile \u0130-\u00e7i-ni-\u015fi-tu.<\/em> Y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra bu iki isim, Amulca \/ Abul\u00e7a<\/em> oldu ve \u0130slami rivayete ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in de Yafes\u2019e T\u00fcrklerin verdi\u011fi ad olarak kabul edildi. \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131yla \u0130slami kaynaklarda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bu isimlerin bence T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ilk bi\u00e7imi Apa E\u00e7e<\/em> idi (Apa E\u00e7e > Abul\u00e7a > Olcay<\/em>; Apa E\u00e7e > Apa<\/em> [ngpu] \u0130\u00e7i <\/em>[ni\u015fitu]).<\/p>\n

Apa E\u00e7e<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> T\u00fcrklerin ilk atas\u0131d\u0131r ve bu kelime, K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk an\u0131tlar\u0131nda \u201catalar\u0131m\u201d anlam\u0131nda ge\u00e7en e\u00e7\u00fc(m) apa(m)<\/em> ikilemesindeki kelimelerin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f bi\u00e7iminden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> kay\u0131p bir kitab\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kitap kay\u0131pt\u0131r ama M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir tarih\u00e7i 1330\u2019larda kitab\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve oradan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar\u0131 kendi kitaplar\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu T\u00fcrk devletinde (Meml\u00fcklerde) ya\u015fayan tarih\u00e7inin ad\u0131 Eb\u00fbbekr bin Abdullah bin Aybek ed-Dev\u00e2d\u00e2r\u00ee<\/em>\u2019dir. T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Eb\u00fbbekir<\/em>, biri dokuz, biri tek ciltlik iki d\u00fcnya tarihi yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserler Arap\u00e7ad\u0131r; \u0130stanbul\u2019da Topkap\u0131 ve S\u00fcleymaniye k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir, alt\u0131n bir mahfaza i\u00e7inde bulunan kitab\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte incelemi\u015ftir. Arap\u00e7a eserinde kitab\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak kaydeder: Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>.<\/em><\/strong> Sonra da bu ismin Arap\u00e7a terc\u00fcmesini verir. Biz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini yazal\u0131m: Ulu Han Baba\u2019n\u0131n Kitab\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in eser hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> 826 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Abbasi saray doktoru Cibr\u00eel bin Baht\u00ee\u015f\u00fb<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan Fars\u00e7adan Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f. Daha \u00f6nce de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden Fars\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f. Eser, Eb\u00fb M\u00fcslim Horas\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/em>den kalm\u0131\u015f. Ona da b\u00fcy\u00fck atas\u0131 B\u00fcz\u00fcrgmihr bin<\/em> Bahtig\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019dan intikal etmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcz\u00fcrgmihr bin Bahtig\u00e2n<\/em>, Sasani kisr\u00e2s\u0131 (h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131) N\u00fb\u015firevan<\/em>\u2019\u0131n veziridir. N\u00fb\u015firevan<\/em> 531-579 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kisr\u00e2l\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u0130stemi Ka\u011fan<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>\u0131n g\u00fcveyisidir. Demek ki eserin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e asl\u0131, \u0130stemi Ka\u011fan<\/em> \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Fakat elimizdeki kay\u0131t 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la aittir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Eb\u00fbbekir eseri o zaman g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonra da eser kaybolmu\u015ftur. Elimizde sadece Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in kay\u0131tlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eser Arap\u00e7ad\u0131r. Fakat ad\u0131 gibi, i\u00e7indeki baz\u0131 \u00f6zel isimler de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak verilmi\u015ftir. T<\/em>arihte ve Bug\u00fcn \u015eamanizm<\/em> kitab\u0131nda Abd\u00fclkadir \u0130nan<\/em>, Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00f6zetledi\u011fi t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsanesinin \u00f6zetini verir:<\/p>\n

\u0130lk insan nas\u0131l yarat\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u011fmurdan has\u0131l olan seller Karada\u011fc\u0131<\/em> denilen bir da\u011fdaki ma\u011faraya \u00e7amur s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip getirdi ve bu \u00e7amurlar\u0131 insan kal\u0131b\u0131na benzeyen yar\u0131klara d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Su ile toprak bir m\u00fcddet bu yar\u0131klarda kald\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015f, Saratan burcunda idi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok kuvvetli idi. G\u00fcne\u015f, su ve toprak d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerini k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131, pi\u015firdi.<\/em> Mezk\u00fbr ma\u011fara kad\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131 (batn\u0131) vazifesini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Su, toprak ve g\u00fcne\u015fin harareti (ate\u015f) unsurlar\u0131ndan ibaret olan bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinden dokuz ay mutedil r\u00fczg\u00e2r esti.<\/em> B\u00f6ylece d\u00f6rt unsur birle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Dokuz ay sonra<\/em> bu yarat\u0131ktan insan \u015feklinde bir mahl\u00fbk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu insana T\u00fcrk dilince \u2018Ay Atam<\/em>\u2019 denildi ki \u2018ay baba<\/em>\u2019 demektir. Bu \u2018Ay Atam<\/em>\u2019 denen ki\u015fi sa\u011flam haval\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 sulu yere indi. Kuvvet ve ne\u015fesi g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artt\u0131, orada k\u0131rk y\u0131l kald\u0131. Sonra seller bir daha akt\u0131, yukar\u0131da zikredildi\u011fi gibi ma\u011faradaki yar\u0131klara toprak doldurdu. G\u00fcne\u015f S\u00fcnb\u00fcle y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131nda idi. Binaenaleyh bu topra\u011f\u0131n pi\u015fmesi zaman\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indi\u011fi devre tesad\u00fcf etti ve bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki bu topraktan yarat\u0131lan ki\u015fi di\u015fi oldu. Bu di\u015fi ki\u015fiye \u2018Ay-va<\/em>\u2019 ad\u0131 verildi ki \u2018ay y\u00fczl\u00fc<\/em>\u2019 demektir. Ay Atam<\/em> ile Ay-va<\/em> evlendiler. Bunlardan k\u0131rk \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Yar\u0131s\u0131 erkek yar\u0131s\u0131 di\u015fi idi. Bunlar birbiriyle evlendiler. Ana ve babalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 ma\u011faraya g\u00f6m\u00fcp a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131n kap\u0131 ile kapad\u0131lar ve kap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7i\u00e7ekler koydular.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in kitab\u0131ndan ilk bahseden M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Ahmed Zeki Pa\u015fad\u0131r. 1912\u2019de Atina\u2019da yap\u0131lan M\u00fcste\u015frikler (Do\u011fu bilimcileri) kongresinde bu eserden ve t\u00fcreyi\u015fle ilgili rivayetlerden bahsetmi\u015ftir. 1915\u2019te de Muallim Cevdet, Yeni Mecmua\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7anakkale \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in eserinden bahseder. Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, H\u00fcseyin Nam\u0131k Orkun\u2019un ve Bahaeddin \u00d6gel\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da eserden bahis vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen bu konu \u00e2deta unutulmu\u015f gibidir. Konunun unutulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir de roman yazd\u0131m: T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Kay\u0131p Kitab\u0131 \u2013<\/em> Ulu Han Ata<\/em>.<\/em><\/strong> Ak\u00e7a\u011f yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan roman\u0131n ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 da yap\u0131ld\u0131. Merakl\u0131lar eserin sonuna koydu\u011fum bilgilerden de yararlanabilirler.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 bu kadar de\u011fil. Arkas\u0131 da var. Onlar\u0131 da sonraki yaz\u0131larda verece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk atalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

25 \u015eubat 2018 tarihli yaz\u0131mda 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7isi Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019den bahsetmi\u015ftim. Aybek o\u011flu Abdullah o\u011flu Eb\u00fbbekir. Arap diliyle iki genel tarih yazm\u0131\u015f. Biri mufassal, dokuz cilt. Di\u011feri muhtasar, tek cilt. \u0130kisinde de Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em> adl\u0131 eski bir kitaptan bahsediyor ve \u015feceresi, \u0130stemi Ka\u011fan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na dek \u00e7\u0131kan bu kitaptan (evet, kitaplar\u0131n da \u015feceresi olur) T\u00fcrk efsanelerine dair al\u0131nt\u0131lar yap\u0131yor. 25 \u015eubat tarihli yaz\u0131mda bu al\u0131nt\u0131lardan birini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Uzunca olan di\u011fer bir al\u0131nt\u0131, bunun devam\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin ilk atalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fehirlerini anlatan bu efsaneyi \u00f6zetliyorum.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131, Yukar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in ucunda, g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fdu\u011fu yerin hizas\u0131nda, yedi fersah y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir da\u011f yaratt\u0131. Ta\u015f\u0131 kapkarayd\u0131 ve \u00e7ok sertti. \u00dczerinde bitki bitmezdi. E\u011fer bu da\u011f g\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na engel olmasayd\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya yanard\u0131. Da\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ad\u0131 Ulu Kara Ta\u011f\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131 ete\u011finde pek \u00e7ok tatl\u0131 p\u0131nar vard\u0131r. Bunlar toplan\u0131p bir g\u00f6l olu\u015ftururlar. G\u00f6lden bir \u0131rmak \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u0131rk tam fersah \u00f6tede iki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk \/ Mo\u011fol dilinde adlar\u0131 Ke\u00e7ermak<\/em> ve Abdarmak<\/em>\u2019t\u0131r. Kesme kara ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f surlarla \u00e7evrilidirler. \u0130ki \u015fehrin de ak \u00c7in demirinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131rkar kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00f6lden gelen \u0131rmak iki \u015fehirden de ge\u00e7er; kanallarla b\u00fct\u00fcn evlere su ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Irmak \u015fehirlerden \u00e7\u0131karak geni\u015f bir araziye yay\u0131l\u0131r, bir\u00e7ok kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Kollar \u00fczerinde kasabalar, k\u00f6yler, ekili araziler vard\u0131r. Buralardaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n, meyvelerin, ku\u015flar\u0131n say\u0131 ve t\u00fcrlerini y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131\u2019dan ba\u015fka kimse bilmez. Bu kasaba ve arazilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0131rk ve dinden pek \u00e7ok insan da ya\u015far. Hepsi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehrin y\u00f6neticisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticinin ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Altun Han<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>d\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelere h\u00e2kim olanlar\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 soydan gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Altun Han<\/em> y\u00f6netimindeki insanlar, zevkusefa ehlidirler, sevin\u00e7 ve mutluluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015farlar. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n en g\u00fczelleri bunlard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 yoktur. Tatl\u0131 sulu, temiz haval\u0131, g\u00fczel ve temiz otlaklarda beslenen hayvanlar\u0131n en g\u00fczel ve lezzetli etlerini yerler. Bunun i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcrler, y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan \u00e7ok ya\u015farlar. Aralar\u0131nda hasta, sakat g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n

Ulu Kara Ta\u011f\u00e7\u0131<\/em> denilen da\u011f\u0131n doru\u011funda bir ma\u011fara vard\u0131r. Ma\u011faran\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fccevher ve de\u011ferli ta\u015flarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f k\u0131z\u0131l alt\u0131ndan bir kap\u0131 bulunur. Kap\u0131da muhaf\u0131zlar ve hizmetk\u00e2rlar vard\u0131r. Ma\u011fara, buralarda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n mabududur; \u201cKara Ta\u011f\u00e7\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/em>\u201d diye yemin ederler. B\u00fcy\u00fck atalar\u0131 bu ma\u011faradan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ad\u0131 Ulu Ay Ata\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>d\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 ma\u011faradan yarat\u0131lan ilk kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 da Ulu Ay<\/em> Ana\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131nca aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; birbirlerine haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sonra, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermesi i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fkan se\u00e7meye karar verdiler. Ulu Ay<\/em> Ata\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flunu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar yapt\u0131lar. T\u00fcrklerden ilk tahta oturan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar odur.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00f6l\u00fcnce yerine, en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu ge\u00e7ti. Babas\u0131na benzeyen bir alt\u0131n heykel yapt\u0131rd\u0131 ve babas\u0131n\u0131n cesedini i\u00e7ine koydurdu. Bir bina yapt\u0131rd\u0131, heykeli binan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bir tahta oturttu. Ona hizmet edecek ki\u015filer g\u00f6revlendirdi. Binada gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6nmeyen kandiller bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bina bir ziyaretg\u00e2h oldu. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerden insanlar toplan\u0131rlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6ren yaparlar, kendi dillerinde yakararak \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca alt\u0131n heykele secde ederler. T\u00f6renlere kat\u0131l\u0131p ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmeyenleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler. \u0130\u015fte bu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ad\u0131 Altun Han<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir, ma\u011farada yarat\u0131lan ilk ata konusunda T\u00fcrklerle \u0130ranl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011funu da yazar. T\u00fcrkler de, \u0130ranl\u0131lar da ma\u011farada yarat\u0131lan ilk insan\u0131n kendi atalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederlermi\u015f. Eski \u0130ran dilinde ilk atan\u0131n ad\u0131 da Key\u00fbmers<\/em><\/strong> olup anlam\u0131 \u201cbabalar\u0131n babas\u0131\u201d imi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in kitaplar\u0131nda bir efsane daha var. Onu da sonra yazal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Alp Kara Arslan<\/strong><\/h2>\n

14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7isi Aybek o\u011flu Abdullah o\u011flu Eb\u00fbbekir<\/em>\u2019in iki tarih kitab\u0131 vard\u0131r. Tek ciltlik olan\u0131n ad\u0131 k\u0131saca D\u00fcrer\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Dokuz ciltlik olan\u0131 ise Kenz\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00fcrer<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fbbekir, ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131mdaki \u201c\u0130lk Atalar<\/em>\u201d efsanesini Ulu Han Ata Bitig\u00e7i<\/em> adl\u0131 bir eserden aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcrer\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2n\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi aktaraca\u011f\u0131m Alp Kara Arslan<\/em> efsanesini de Ulu Han Ata<\/em> Bitig\u00e7i<\/em>\u2019den aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in eserleri \u00fczerinde 1974\u2019te bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan Ulrich Haarmann\u2019a g\u00f6re Eb\u00fbbekir, Alp Kara Arslan<\/em> efsanesini ba\u015fka bir eserden nakletmi\u015ftir. Dokuz ciltlik Kenz\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00fcrer\u2019deki kayda dayanan Haarmann bu ba\u015fka eserin yazar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 da verir: S\u00fcleyman bin<\/em> Abd\u00fclhak bin Pehlev\u00e2n el-\u00c2zerbayc\u00e2n\u00ee.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hangi kitaptan aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa olsun Eb\u00fbbekir\u2019in iki eserinde de Alp Kara Arslan<\/em> efsanesi vard\u0131r. K\u00e2z\u0131m Ya\u015far Kopraman<\/em>\u2019\u0131n D\u00fcrer\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019dan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 terc\u00fcmeye dayanarak bu efsaneyi de \u00f6zetliyorum.<\/p>\n

Ulu Kara<\/em> Ta\u011f\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u2019dan akan \u0131rmaklar\u0131n sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklardan \u00e7ok uzakta Tibet adl\u0131 bir \u00fclke vard\u0131. En iyi misk, bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan ceylanlardan elde edilir. Bu \u00fclkedeki hamile bir kad\u0131n, odun toplamaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; vadilerde dola\u015fmaktad\u0131r. O s\u0131rada \u00e7ocu\u011funu do\u011furur. Onu sar\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in ot toplarken bir kartal gelir ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu kaparak havalan\u0131r. Uzakla\u015f\u0131r ve da\u011f\u0131n eteklerinde \u00e7ocu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00c7ocuk, yeni do\u011fmu\u015f bulunan iki aslan yavrusunun yan\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Aslan onu da kendi yavrusu zanneder; ger\u00e7ek yavrular\u0131yla birlikte onu da emzirip b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. O\u011flan b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir delikanl\u0131 olur. Y\u00fcz\u00fc aslanlar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne benzer. O kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ki aslanlar\u0131 bile par\u00e7alar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnlerden bir g\u00fcn bu delikanl\u0131, yedi \u00e2demo\u011flu g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7 kad\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7 erkek, bir de gen\u00e7 k\u0131z<\/em>. Y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 aslanlar, bunlar\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirmi\u015f, par\u00e7alamak \u00fczeredirler. Delikanl\u0131 onlar\u0131 kendine benzetir, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc uyan\u0131r. Yerinden kalk\u0131p di\u011fer aslanlara k\u00fckrer. Aslanlar ondan korkup ka\u00e7arlar.<\/p>\n

Kurtulan yedi ki\u015fi, aslana benzeyen delikanl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yere kapan\u0131rlar. Delikanl\u0131 onlara yakla\u015f\u0131r ve eliyle yoklar. Bir onlara, bir kendisine bakar. Onlar\u0131 kendisine benzetir ve yak\u0131nl\u0131k duyar. Onlar da delikanl\u0131ya yak\u0131nl\u0131k duyar. Delikanl\u0131ya seslenirler. Delikanl\u0131 bir \u015fey anlamaz. Fakat yine onlara yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye devam eder. Avlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 onlara verir. Onlar da eti ate\u015fte k\u0131zart\u0131rlar. Delikanl\u0131 yer ve be\u011fenir.<\/p>\n

Delikanl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra onlar\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerini anlamaya ba\u015flar. Gen\u00e7 k\u0131za tak\u0131l\u0131r ve onunla beraber olur. K\u0131z hamile kal\u0131r. Dillerini \u00f6\u011frenince delikanl\u0131 sorular sorar. Onlar da d\u00fcnyada kendilerine benzeyen ba\u015fka insanlar bulundu\u011funu anlat\u0131rlar. \u201cNi\u00e7in onlara rastlamad\u0131m?\u201d sorusuna da \u201cBiz uzak bir \u00fclkedeniz, biz Tatar\u0131z.\u201d diye cevap verirler; \u201cTatar, yolunu kaybetmi\u015f demektir.\u201d diye eklerler.<\/p>\n

Delikanl\u0131ya Alp Kara Arslan Bel\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7i <\/em>ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. Bunun anlam\u0131 \u201ckara aslan\u0131n yavrusu\u201ddur. Hamile k\u0131z da bir o\u011flan do\u011furur. Ona da Tatar Han<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. Tatar Han<\/em>, \u201cT\u00fcrk kam\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 yapan ilk ki\u015fidir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ona sabsagu <\/em>derler. Tatar Han\u2019\u0131n da \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu olur: \u00c7ingiz Han, O\u011fuz Han, Altun<\/em> Han<\/em>. Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc Tatarlar\u0131n en eski k\u00f6k\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Efsane, baz\u0131 okuyuculara yabanc\u0131 gelmemi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ahmet Hikmet M\u00fcft\u00fco\u011flu\u2019nun \u00c7a\u011flayanlar <\/em>eserindeki \u201cAlpaslan Masal\u0131\u201dna benzemektedir. M\u00fcft\u00fco\u011flu\u2019nun bu efsaneden esinlendi\u011fine ilk defa 1925\u2019te Zeki Velidi Togan \u201cT\u00fcrk Efsanelerinde Mill\u00ee Alametler\u201d makalesinin bir notunda temas etmi\u015ftir. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bilge Ercilasun \u201cAhmet Hikmet ve \u2018Alparslan Masal\u0131\u2019\u201d adl\u0131 makalesinde efsaneyle hik\u00e2yeyi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Derg\u00e2h Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrk Roman ve Hik\u00e2yesi<\/em> \u00dczerine<\/em> kitab\u0131nda).<\/p>\n

Efsanenin devam\u0131nda \u00c7engiz Ka\u011fan<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>a kadar gelinir. 13.-14. as\u0131rlar\u0131n eserlerinde Mo\u011follar da T\u00fcrk soyundan kabul edilmektedir. Efsanede de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi onlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adlar ta\u015f\u0131makta ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk kam\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201dna T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sabsagu <\/em>demektedirler. Sabsagu<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lugati\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te s\u0131b\u0131zgu<\/em>, Kazak\u00e7da s\u0131b\u0131z\u011f\u0131<\/em>,<\/em><\/strong> Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da sipsi<\/em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong>dir.<\/p>\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan bizi birbirimize ba\u011flayan ne \u00e7ok \u015fey var!<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, “\u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u011fmurdan has\u0131l olan seller Karada\u011fc\u0131 denilen bir da\u011fdaki ma\u011faraya \u00e7amur s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip getirdi ve bu \u00e7amurlar\u0131 insan kal\u0131b\u0131na benzeyen yar\u0131klara d\u00f6kt\u00fc. ” diye anlatan T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ahmet Bican Ercilasun’la bir yolculuk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66,68],"tags":[858,863,862,861,319,856,864,855,859,860,853,854,851,852,857,850,667,865],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsaneleri - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turklerin-tureyis-efsaneleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrklerin t\u00fcreyi\u015f efsaneleri - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, "\u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u011fmurdan has\u0131l olan seller Karada\u011fc\u0131 denilen bir da\u011fdaki ma\u011faraya \u00e7amur s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip getirdi ve bu \u00e7amurlar\u0131 insan kal\u0131b\u0131na benzeyen yar\u0131klara d\u00f6kt\u00fc. 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Seattle\/ABD (misafir ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmac\\u0131). 1967-1971: Atat\\u00fcrk \\u00dcniversitesi. Eserleri: - Arpa\\u00e7ay K\\u00f6ylerinden Derlemeler (Prof. Dr. Sel\\u00e2hattin Olcay ve Dr. Ensar Aslan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1976). - Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri I-II (Ankara 1977). - Kars \\u0130li Ag\\u0131zlar\\u0131 - Ses Bilgisi (Ankara 1983). - Kutadgu Bilig Grameri \\u2013 Fiil (Ankara 1984). - Dilde Birlik (\\u0130stanbul 1984). - Uygur Halk Masallar\\u0131 (\\u015eek\\u00fcr Turan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1989). - \\u00d6rneklerle Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri (Ankara 1990). - Mo\\u011folistan ve \\u00c7in G\\u00fcnl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc (Ankara 1991). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri S\\u00f6zl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc 1-2 (ortak) (Ankara 1991, 1992). - T\\u00fcrk D\\u00fcnyas\\u0131 \\u00dczerine \\u0130ncelemeler (Ankara 1998). - T\\u00fcrk Dili I-II-III-IV (Leyla Karahan ile birlikte) (Ankara 1994-1996). - G\\u00fclnar -roman- (\\u0130stanbul 1998). - Ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7tan Yirminci Y\\u00fczy\\u0131la T\\u00fcrk Dili Tarihi (Ankara 2004). - 2BA Beden Beyin Ak\\u0131m\\u0131 -roman- (Ankara 2006). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri-I Fiil - Basit \\u00c7ekim (Ortak) (Ankara 2006). - Makaleler \\u2013 Dil-Destan-Tarih-Edebiyat (Yay\\u0131na haz\\u0131rlayan: Ekrem Ar\\u0131ko\\u011flu) (Ankara 2007). - T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri (Edit\\u00f6r) (Ankara 2007). - K\\u00e2\\u015fgarl\\u0131 Mahmud - D\\u00eev\\u00e2nu Lug\\u00e2ti\\u2019t-T\\u00fcrk \\u2013 Giri\\u015f-Metin-\\u00c7eviri-Notlar-Dizin (Ziyat Akkoyunlu ile birlikte) (Ankara 2014). - T\\u00fcrk\\u2019\\u00fcn Kay\\u0131p Kitab\\u0131-Ulu Han Ata -roman- (Ankara 2016). - T\\u00fcrk Ka\\u011fanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 ve T\\u00fcrk Beng\\u00fc Ta\\u015flar\\u0131 (Ankara 2016). - Bir\\u00e7ok ilm\\u00ee ve fikr\\u00ee makale. - K\\u00f6\\u015fe Yaz\\u0131lar\\u0131 (2008'den itibaren Yeni\\u00e7a\\u011f gazetesinde).\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7124"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7124\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}