{"id":7141,"date":"2019-05-04T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-04T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=7141&preview=true&preview_id=7141"},"modified":"2019-05-04T19:45:30","modified_gmt":"2019-05-04T16:45:30","slug":"eski-turklerde-savascilik-kulturu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/eski-turklerde-savascilik-kulturu\/","title":{"rendered":"Eski T\u00fcrklerde sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Orta

Orta Asya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezleri<\/p><\/div>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir Orta Asya tarifi yapmaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ilk akl\u0131m\u0131za gelen u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z, hi\u00e7 sonu gelmeyecek hissi uyand\u0131ran bozk\u0131rd\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski k\u0131tas\u0131 tarihi ve co\u011frafi olarak be\u015f k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: a) Kuzey Asya, b) Do\u011fu Asya, c) G\u00fcney Asya, d) \u00d6n Asya ve Orta Asya. \u00d6n-T\u00fcrk diye adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz kavimlerin Anav , Kelteminar, Andronova<\/em> gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin hareket alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Tarihte T\u00fcrklerin tek bayrak alt\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131 ile birlikte kurulan Asya Hun Devleti g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmekte olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve askeri y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Eski T\u00fcrkler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan denizden uzak ve tar\u0131m i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimli topraklar \u00fczerine kurulu konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er ya\u015fam onlar\u0131n her zaman d\u0131\u015f tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 tetikte olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir durum olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bozk\u0131r k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru ise Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6steren ogu\u015f<\/em> (aile), urug<\/em> (aileler birli\u011fi) ,bod<\/em> (boy, kabile), bodun<\/em> (boylar birli\u011fi) s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndaki sosyal te\u015fkilatlanmad\u0131r. Co\u011frafya ve d\u0131\u015f tehlike olgusunun getirdi\u011fi sosyal-dinamizm<\/em>, T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir h\u0131z<\/em> ve hareket<\/em> meydana getirmi\u015ftir. \u2018\u2019Y\u00fcksek Arabal\u0131lar\u2019\u2019 \u00c7inliler, T\u00fcrklere bu ad\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a> Sosyal dinamizmi olu\u015fturan t\u00f6re, e\u011fitim , inan\u00e7, disiplin , dayan\u0131\u015fma gibi kavramlar bozk\u0131r k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi sab\u0131r ile birle\u015fti\u011finde temel sava\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n iyi birer binici olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ko\u00e7lara bindirilmesi, gen\u00e7lerin yeme\u011fin en ya\u011fl\u0131 ve g\u00fczel yerlerinden yedirilmesi, ileride ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde “\u00e7avu\u015f oku<\/em>” olarak bilinen Mete\u2019nin \u0131sl\u0131kl\u0131 oku icad\u0131 ile birlikte askerlerini hedefe do\u011fru ok atmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelten kat\u0131 disiplin bunun \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

I-<\/strong> Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve S\u00f6zl\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fcrde Tipler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130slam \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrk Destan ve menk\u0131belerini inceledi\u011fimizde a) bilge<\/em> , b) alp<\/em> ki\u015fi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi toplumun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fcstlenebilmek i\u00e7in aranan iki \u015fartt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa- Garipname\u2019si alp<\/em> ki\u015filik tarifi i\u00e7in yeterli beyitleri sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2zular kuvvet dutar alpl\u0131k gel\u00fcr \/ Ol eserden g\u00e2ziler alpl\u0131k k\u0131lur <\/em>[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hem bah\u00e2durl\u0131k dah\u0131 k\u0131rka degin \/ Alpl\u0131k i\u00e7re kimseye virmez egin<\/em> [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kan\u0131 ol kim ister alpl\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 \/ Almag ister d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131ndan dad\u0131n\u0131<\/em> [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Alp erende kuvvet olmak yara\u015fur \/ Z\u00eera \u00e7ok kuvvetl\u00fclerle ur\u0131\u015fur<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00e2zuda kuvvet gerekd\u00fcr elde g\u00fc\u00e7 \/ Yagr\u0131n\u0131 muhkem ola v\u00fc bilde g\u00fc\u00e7<\/em><\/p>\n

Alp eren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc gerek kim armaya \/ G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olsa alpl\u0131g\u0131 ba\u015farmaya<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnki kuvvet old\u0131 cisminde tam\u00e2m \/ Bildi anu\u00f1 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcligin h\u00e2s u \u2018\u00e2m <\/em>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130slamiyet sonras\u0131 alp-eren<\/em> veya alp-gazi tipi<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130slamiyet sonras\u0131 alp-eren<\/em> veya alp-gazi<\/em> gibi ek unvanlar almas\u0131 yi\u011fitli\u011fe dinsel motif y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir ancak \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bozmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan ve Manas Destanlar\u0131ndaki tipleme ile K\u00f6ro\u011flu Destan\u0131ndaki tipleme alplik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzerdir. Alp , olgun ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yi\u011fitlik g\u00f6stermesiyle ad al\u0131r. Ki\u015filik olarak c\u00f6mert, cesur, h\u00fcnerli , erdem gibi \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilge <\/em><\/strong>ki\u015filik tarifi ise ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de \u00f6z itibariyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“lrk\u0131l Oyun, O\u011fuz destanlar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ‘lrk\u0131l Ata’ veya ‘lrk\u0131l Hoca’ olarak da ge\u00e7mektedir. Re\u015fiddettin’in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 O\u011fuzname’de, onunla ilgili \u015fu c\u00fcmle yer al\u0131yor: T\u00fcrle t\u00f6re ve \u00e2yinlerinin temelini atan bilge<\/strong>, lrk\u0131l Hoca olmu\u015ftur.<\/em> Eb\u00fclgazi ise T\u00fcrk \u015eeceresi” adl\u0131 eserinde, lrk\u0131l Ata’n\u0131n bir T\u00fcrk bilge<\/strong>si oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor.\u2019\u2019[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

“ULUK T\u00dcR\u00dcK (ULU T\u00dcRK): Eski T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilk \u015faman motifini kendinde canland\u0131ran en b\u00fcy\u00fck koruyucu ruhlardan biri. \u015eaman ruhu ve atalar ruhu olarak da bilinen bir varl\u0131k. Uygur ‘O\u011fuzname’sinde, O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan’\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunan ak sa\u00e7l\u0131, ak sakall\u0131 ve bilgili r\u00fcya yorumcusu Uluk T\u00fcr\u00fck ad\u0131nda bir ihtiyardan s\u00f6z edilir. O da Korkut Ata gibi, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyenler d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan haber verir.\u2019\u2019[7]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

II-Gelenek <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Co\u011frafyan\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sosyal dinamizm temel bir siyasal ak\u0131l olu\u015ftururken di\u011fer yandan yoksunlu\u011funa ra\u011fmen ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nem Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131 etnik unsurlar\u0131n birer kayna\u015fma havzas\u0131yd\u0131[8]<\/a> \u00a0 Sava\u015f ve askerlik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fal olarak bu kayna\u015fma unsurunun ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 unsurudur. \u0130slam sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletlerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k alametlerinden say\u0131lan askeri bando tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Asya T\u00fcrk devletlerinde g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerde asker\u00ee bando<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ka\u011fanl\u0131k tims\u00e2li<\/em> olan asker\u00ee m\u00fbsik\u00ee tak\u0131m\u0131 ka\u011fanlar\u0131n maiyetinde giderdi. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f \u00e2leti olan davula t\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00abkob\u00fcrge\u00bb, \u00abk\u00fcbr\u00fcg\u00bb, bazen da \u00abtu\u011f\u00bb denmekdedir (tu\u011fun davula tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinlerden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r). \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fbsik\u00ee tak\u0131m\u0131nda, borulardan da (t\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00abborguy\u00bb) bahs ederler. Tabar\u00ee T\u00fcrgi\u015f ka\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n sanc (t\u00fcrk\u00e7esi \u00e7ar\u00eeg) tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da mevc\u00fbdiyetini kaydeder. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00ab\u00e7\u0131mguk\u00bb ve \u00ab\u00e7\u0131ng\u0131r\u00e7ak\u00bb denen zil gibi \u00e2letlere de, sanc ad\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fm\u00eel edildi\u011fini F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019den \u00f6\u011frenmekdeyiz. Do\u011fu K\u00fbmlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, T\u00fcrgi\u015f\u2019lerde de, ordunun hareketleri asker\u00ee m\u00fbsik\u00ee ile id\u00e2re edilirdi. Hun ordusu, davullar vurulunca ok atar ve ziller \u00e7al\u0131nca, dururdu.[9]<\/a> <\/em>[kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma bize ait]<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f adab\u0131na<\/em> ili\u015fkin verilerden biri olarak Hun ordusu, davullar vurulunca ok atmas\u0131 ve ziller \u00e7al\u0131nca durmas\u0131 benzer \u015fekilde sonraki T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde devam ederken G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devletinde\u00a0 ay\u0131n\u00a0 on be\u015finde sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 u\u011furlu say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Genel sava\u015f i\u015fareti olarak;\u00a0 en ya\u015fl\u0131 ve mertebe olarak y\u00fcksek \u00fc\u00e7 T\u00fcrk beyi ata biner ve\u00a0 davula vururdu.\u00a0 Be\u00e7kem (per\u00e7em) denen t\u00fcyler veya\u00a0 ipek kurdeleler, sava\u015f i\u015fareti olarak Alplere ve atlara tak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015f atlar\u0131n\u0131n kuyruklar\u0131 geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck ok atma kolayla\u015fs\u0131n diye d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlenirdi.\u00a0 Sava\u015flarda \u00f6len Alp mezarlar\u0131nda ise \u2018\u2019balbal\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen d\u00fc\u015fman ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131 veya tahta yontular bulunurdu.[10]<\/a> Mezardaki ta\u015flar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6lenin hayattayken (sava\u015fta) \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc adamlar kadard\u0131r (balbal denen bu ruhlar ve kurban edilen hayvanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131, \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnyada, \u00f6lene hizmet edecekti)[11]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerde sava\u015f adab\u0131 askeri disipline dayan\u0131r<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sava\u015f adab\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan temel olgu ise disiplindir. Sofi Tram Semen\u2019in Atalar\u0131m\u0131z Hunlar <\/em>kitab\u0131nda Mete\u2019nin babas\u0131 Teoman\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r: Mode askerlerine, “ben nereye ok atarsam siz de oraya ok atacaks\u0131n\u0131z” der ve kendi kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 oklar. Fakat Hun \u015ferefine g\u00f6re kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin utan\u00e7 oldu\u011funu belle\u011fine kaz\u0131m\u0131\u015f erlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, bunu yapamaz ve ahlak taraftarlar\u0131 emre uymaman\u0131n bedelini canlar\u0131yla \u00f6der<\/em> .Bu dersten sonra erler, art\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden komutan\u0131n dedi\u011fini yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve Tuuman’\u0131n av s\u0131ras\u0131nda vurulmas\u0131 olay\u0131 da b\u00f6yle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mode babas\u0131na ni\u015fan al\u0131nca erleri de ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve Tuuman \u015ean\u00fcy \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/em>\u2019\u2019 <\/em>\u00a0Ayn\u0131 kitapta yine Mode yani Mete\u2019nin askerlik i\u015fine dair kanun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumuna var\u0131l\u0131yor. Mete \u00f6ncesi askerlik hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015finden kalan bir u\u011fra\u015fken art\u0131k temel u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan ise sava\u015f ganimetleri eskiden Soy\u2019un ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda iken art\u0131k askerin kendi m\u00fclk\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Mete ve Ordu kelimesi e\u015f anlaml\u0131d\u0131r diyebiliriz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcm sava\u015f taktiklerini temel k\u00f6k\u00fc onu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

– Sahte ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f: D\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gereken yere \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in ve yedek orduyla yok etmek.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Sahte d\u00f6nme: Az g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sava\u015fa girmesi, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 me\u015fgul ederek, kendi ordusunun sald\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesini sa\u011flamak.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Sahte yenilgi ve yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerle d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 basarken i\u00e7ten onlara kat\u0131lma: D\u00fc\u015fmana zafer rahatlamas\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatarak dikkatini zay\u0131flatma ve yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerle sald\u0131rarak, sahte esirlerin gelen g\u00fc\u00e7lerle birle\u015fmesi.<\/em><\/p>\n

– H\u0131zl\u0131 hareketle d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yorma ve sonra esir alma.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Atla ko\u015farken uzaktan oklama.<\/em><\/p>\n

– \u00c7ember \u015feklinde sahte korkakl\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerini da\u011f\u0131tma sonra vurma vb.[12]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sahte d\u00f6nme ve pusu taktiklerinden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bunun i\u00e7in a) hafif s\u00fcvariye sahip olmak<\/em>, b) iyi ok atmak<\/em>, c) uzak muharebe kabiliyeti<\/em>ne sahip olmak gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrk sava\u015f stratejinin temel anahtarlar\u0131 buradad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in e\u011fitimin s\u00fcrekli ve \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrk insan\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. S\u00fcrek avlar\u0131 veya Cirit oyunu, birer idman veya oyun de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk insan\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlamakta idi. \u00c7ocuklar ko\u00e7lara bindirilerek ve ellerine tahta k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 verilerek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftan itibaren sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak yeti\u015ftirilirdi<\/em>.\u2019\u2019[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u2026ellerine de ok ve yay vererek ku\u015flara, gelincik ve farelere ni\u015fan att\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7ocuklar b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri zaman daha ciddi ni\u015fan almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f bulunurlard\u0131.[14]<\/a> Mo\u011follar\u0131n \u2018\u2019Yurt Oyunu\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiklerini T\u00fcrklerde ise\u00a0 Hilal, Turan ve Kurt Kapan\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7en taktik sahte d\u00f6nme ve pusu takti\u011finin uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnekse M.\u00d6 90 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in Ordusu ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta, \u00c7in ordusunun \u00f6n\u00fcne geceleyin hendek kazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ise arkadan ani bask\u0131n yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her T\u00fcrk asker do\u011far<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Asya\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 kalpgah b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan Orta-Asya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk kavmi i\u00e7i \u00e7evre soylar\u0131n ya\u015fama arzusu daha bask\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 askerlik ya\u015fam\u0131n birinci vazifesi olmu\u015ftur Bir d\u00f6nemin pop\u00fcler s\u00f6ylemi olan \u2018\u2019Her T\u00fcrk asker do\u011far.\u2019\u2019 belki bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in de\u011fil ama \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk kavmi i\u00e7in kesin do\u011fruydu.<\/p>\n

Erken d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkler tarih boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli devletlere \u00fccretli askerlik yapm\u0131\u015flar ancak \u00fccretli bir ordu kurmaktan uzak durmu\u015flard\u0131r. Her do\u011fan\u0131n do\u011fal asker oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daimi ordulard\u0131. Temel olarak s\u00fcvari g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanmakla birlikte yaya faaliyeti de yer kaplamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca silahlar\u0131 ok ve yayd\u0131 bundan dolay\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer ad\u0131yla gayr-i nizami harp ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sava\u015fmaktan gocunmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar <\/em>olarak bildi\u011fimiz ke\u015fif seferleri bu d\u00f6nemlerde de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stihbarat, bilgi toplamak i\u00e7in ate\u015f kuleleri olarak bilinen kurgular <\/em>in\u015fa ederler b\u00f6ylece s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde d\u00fc\u015fman hareketlili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Bronz K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/p><\/div>\n

“Uzun s\u00fcreden beri Vizigotlar\u0131n kral\u0131 olan ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Romanya’n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen Athanarik, Ostrogotlar\u0131n ma\u011flup edilmesi, Hunlar\u0131n ilerlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fclkesini savunmaya karar verdi. Athanarik’in, \u00fclkesinin d\u00fczl\u00fck alanda kurulu olmas\u0131 ve ordusunun \u015f\u00f6hreti b\u00f6yle bir karar\u0131 almas\u0131nda etkili oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Do\u011fu Roma ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llarca ba\u015far\u0131yla s\u00fcren ayaklanman\u0131n \u00fczerinden daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/em> Athanarik Vizigotlar\u0131n ordusuyla hemen \u00fclkesinin do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na, Dinyester’in dik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7ekilerek orada savunma yeri haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Karargah, araba ve \u00e7ukurlarla iyice tahkim edildi. Athanarik emniyette oldu\u011funu zannediyordu. Yaln\u0131zca nehirle korunma alt\u0131nda de\u011fildi. Nehrin \u00f6n\u00fcne koydurttu\u011fu 30 km’lik alanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6nc\u00fc kuvveti de vard\u0131. Yani iyice haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmayan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor ve hi\u00e7bir s\u00fcrprizden korkmuyordu. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7ti. Fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde sabah\u0131n \u00e7ok erken saatinde, ans\u0131z\u0131n oklar karargah\u0131 sarsmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Uzakta, Gotlar\u0131n at\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, disiplinli s\u00fcvari guruplar\u0131 dolan\u0131yor ve yabanc\u0131 bir dilde kumanda s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle, ayn\u0131 anda, korkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda duran Vizigotlar\u0131n \u00fczerine oklar\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131yorlard\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fdu\u011funda karargahta yaln\u0131zca \u00f6l\u00fcler vard\u0131. Sa\u011f kalanlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcneye, Athanarik ve maiyeti bat\u0131ya Karpatlar’a ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2019\u2019[15]<\/a> <\/em>\u00a0T\u00fcrklerle ilk defa kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan uluslar genelde bu \u015foku ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda kendi sava\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi sava\u015fan bir kavim bekliyordu. Avrupa\u2019da Erken D\u00f6nem a\u011f\u0131r z\u0131rhl\u0131 piyade; silah olarak k\u0131sa k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, m\u0131zrak ve karg\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yak\u0131n muharebe yap\u0131l\u0131yordu ancak Hunlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ile birlikte sava\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de\u011fi\u015fmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"T\u00fcrk

T\u00fcrk tipi at<\/p><\/div>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tarih boyunca T\u00fcrklerin kurdu\u011fu devletler ve hareket alanlar\u0131 onlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bir i\u00e7 hatlar stratejisi uygulamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[16]<\/a>\u00a0 Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda sava\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, ba\u015fkent veya kral\u0131n etkisiz hale getirilmesi ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131rd\u0131. Muharebe ise d\u00fc\u015fmanla bir g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs g\u00f6\u011fse m\u00fccadele iken T\u00fcrkler ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u2018\u2019dolayl\u0131 tutum\u2019\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015fmana cepheden bir ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131 gibi taarruzun yerine ku\u015fatma ve \u00e7evirme ile etkisiz hale getirilmesidir.\u00a0 Bozk\u0131rda konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er vaziyette ya\u015fayan bir toplulu\u011fun bir av partisi d\u00fczenledi\u011fini hayal etti\u011fimizde avlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frudan sald\u0131rmak yerine onu ku\u015fatmak ve \u00f6ncelikle y\u0131pratmak, yormak isterler bu onlar\u0131n do\u011fadan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir stratejidir. T\u00fcrkler, stratejilerini olu\u015ftururken kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6gelerine dikkat ediyorlard\u0131. Avrupa Hun Devleti\u2019nin vergisini verdi\u011fi s\u00fcrece yerle\u015fik ve geli\u015fkin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr olan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa problem \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu durumun bir benzeri ise Orta Asya b\u00f6lgesinde kurulan T\u00fcrk devletlerinin \u00c7in ile olan ili\u015fkilerine benzemektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00d6gel, Bahaeddin , T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Geli\u015fme \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131<\/em>, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001, sf:39<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Yavuz, Kemal, A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa \u2013Garipname,<\/em> \u0130stanbul, 2000, sf:235 (pdf)<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Age, sf:274<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Age, sf:430<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Age.sf:430<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Beydilli , Celal , T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi Ansiklopedik S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>, Yurt Kitap Yay\u0131n , Ankara, 2005 sf: 14-15<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Age, sf:578<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Gumilev, Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Eski T\u00fcrkler<\/em>, Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, sf:105<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Esin, Emel ,\u0130slamiyet \u00d6ncesi T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi ve \u0130slama Giri\u015f<\/em>, \u0130stanbul Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Matbaas\u0131,1978, sf:98<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Esin ,Emel, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi: \u0130\u00e7 Asya\u2019daki Erken\u00a0 Safhalar, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi, 1985,sf:4<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Esin, Emel, T\u00fcrk Kozmolojisine Giri\u015f, Kabalc\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi,sf:167<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Semen, Sofi Tram , Atalar\u0131m\u0131z Hunlar, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,sf:247-248<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Baykara, Tuncer, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihine Bak\u0131\u015flar, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, sf:171<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Ligeti, Louis, Bilinmeyen \u0130\u00e7 Asya, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,sf:47<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Ahmetbeyo\u011flu, Ali, Avrupa Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu,sf:30,-31<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Turan, O\u011fuz, T\u00fcrklerde Stratejik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve Taktik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,sf:54<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 Hatlar Stratejisi: Mutasavver bir \u00e7evrenin merkezi taraf\u0131nda yer alan bir ordu \u2018i\u00e7\u2019 durumdad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 durumda bulunan bir ordu, d\u0131\u015f durumdan birinden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 gruplar halinde bulunan d\u00fc\u015fman ordusunun \u00f6nce bir grubuna kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca taarruz eder. Burada galibiyet elde ettikten sonra d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer grubuna h\u00fccum eder. \u0130\u00e7 Hatlar kullanmakta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olman\u0131n \u015fart\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fman gruplar\u0131 birle\u015fmeden s\u00fcratle birine taarruz etmektir Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk Ordusu\u2019nun uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ccep hareketi\u201d ad\u0131 verilen, d\u00fc\u015fman cephesine farkl\u0131 kollardan s\u0131zarak harek\u00e2t \u00fcsleri olu\u015fturduktan sonra bu cepleri birle\u015ftirmek stratejisinin tarihi k\u00f6kenlerinde \u0130\u00e7 Hatlar Stratejisi\u2019nin g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkler tarih boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli devletlere \u00fccretli askerlik yapm\u0131\u015flar ancak \u00fccretli bir ordu kurmaktan uzak durmu\u015flard\u0131r. Her do\u011fan\u0131n do\u011fal asker oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrk devletlerinde ordu ve sava\u015f gelene\u011fini Burak Demir yazd\u0131. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":7248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[66,68],"tags":[888,890,893,891,889,894,594,500,892],"yoast_head":"\nEski T\u00fcrklerde sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/eski-turklerde-savascilik-kulturu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eski T\u00fcrklerde sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkler tarih boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli devletlere \u00fccretli askerlik yapm\u0131\u015flar ancak \u00fccretli bir ordu kurmaktan uzak durmu\u015flard\u0131r. 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