{"id":7343,"date":"2019-05-28T20:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-28T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=7343&preview=true&preview_id=7343"},"modified":"2019-05-24T14:07:27","modified_gmt":"2019-05-24T11:07:27","slug":"irani-perslestiren-surec-devrim-sonrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/irani-perslestiren-surec-devrim-sonrasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran\u2019\u0131, Persle\u015ftiren s\u00fcre\u00e7: Devrim sonras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h2>\n

1979 y\u0131l\u0131 devrim sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Devrim sonras\u0131 halk devrimcileri, Devlet Rejiminin \u201c\u0130slami Cumhuriyet\u201d mi, \u201cLiberal Cumhuriyet\u201d mi veya \u201cSosyalist Cumhuriyet\u201d mi olaca\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Devlet Rejiminin Sosyalist Cumhuriyet olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen, SSCB yanl\u0131s\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve temel te\u015fkilat TUDE (Kitle – Halk) Partisiydi.<\/p>\n

2.Y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slami Cumhuriyet olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Aytetullah R. Humeyni\u2019nin \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi \u201c\u0130slami Cumhuriyet Partisi\u201d i\u00e7inde bulunan ve sonralar Modernist ve \u0130slahat\u00e7\u0131lar olarak bilinen kanat \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

3.Devlet Rejiminin \u201cLiberal Cumhuriyet\u201d olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Mill\u00ee Mezhebiler (Nehzet-e-Azadi\/ \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi) ve \u201cMill\u00ee Cephe\u201d ise temel itibar\u0131yla ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir etkin kesim de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce itibar\u0131yla dinin siyasetten ayr\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk milletinin mill\u00ee haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131 da k\u0131smen i\u00e7inde bulunduran, liberal de\u011ferleri tercih eden ve Mill\u00ee Mezhebilere yak\u0131n duru\u015fuyla bilinen, Ayetullah \u015eariatmedari\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011finde Tebriz\u2019de kurulan \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman Halk Partisi\u201dydi. Bu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Halk Partisi, \u0130ran \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Azerbaycan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130ran T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7inde etkin partiydi. \u00d6nderi \u015eariatmedari, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n en se\u00e7kin din adam\u0131yd\u0131. Ayetullah R. Humeyni\u2019ye i\u00e7tihat makam\u0131 vererek onu \u015eah rejiminin elinden kurtaran da \u015eariatmedari olmu\u015ftur. Di\u011fer etkin te\u015fkilatlardan biri de \u201cHalk\u0131n M\u00fccahitleri Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201dyd\u0131. Bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n mensuplar\u0131, \u015eii \u0130slam ve ekonomik sosyalizmin terkibinden olu\u015fan (Came-yi Bitabaghe Tohidi – Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z toplum) konseptine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir de di\u011fer baz\u0131 sol partiler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayetullah Rullah Humeyni, kendi devletini kuruyor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Humeyni devrim \u00f6nderi s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u00fclkeye geldikten hemen sonra eski ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00fczenin kurumsal niteli\u011fine ve hatta silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerine inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi partisini ve kendi silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, h\u00e2kimiyeti tekelinde tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce de dokundu\u011fumuz gibi \u201c\u0130ran\u2019\u0131 n\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lgelerine b\u00f6lme\u201d mahiyetinde olan 1907, 1919, 1921 ve 1927 antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere ile Rusya\u2019ya \u0130ran\u2019a m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan ilkelerin varolu\u015fu dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclkeyi bu iki emperyalist g\u00fcc\u00fcn s\u00fcm\u00fcrgesi haline getirmi\u015ftir. Yeni kurulmakta olan Devrim Devletinin \u00fclkeyi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirebilmesi, bu emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan maddelerin mevcut paktlardan fesih edip etmeyece\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu paktlarda \u00fclkeye m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan maddelerin feshiyle ilgili M. \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Tayyar Ar\u0131\u2019ya istinat ederek \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u20181979 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda \u0130ran, ABD\u2019nin do\u011fal m\u00fcttefikli\u011fi konumuna son vererek, ili\u015fkilerin bundan b\u00f6yle e\u015fitlik ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n yeni d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 \u201cBa\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d\u00a0 temeline oturtulacakt\u0131. Bu do\u011frultuda yap\u0131lan ilk i\u015f, 12 Mart 1979\u2019da \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n CENTO\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde ABD\u2019nin Sovyet yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cYe\u015fil Ku\u015fak\u201d Projesinin \u00f6nemli bir halkas\u0131 tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu. 3 Kas\u0131m 1979\u2019da ise hem 1959 tarihli ABD-\u0130ran Savunma Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n feshedildi\u011fini ve hem de 1921 tarihli Sovyet-\u0130ran Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 5. Ve 6. Maddelerinin[1]<\/a> tek tarafl\u0131 olarak iptal edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc bir grup \u00f6\u011frencinin Tahran\u2019daki ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini basarak el\u00e7ilik g\u00f6revlilerini rehin almalar\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan ve 444 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecek Rehinler Krizi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece \u0130ran \u0130htilali, b\u00f6lgesel ve d\u00fcnya dengelerini sarsacak bir mahiyet ald\u0131. ABD, b\u00f6lgedeki \u00f6nemli bir m\u00fcttefikini ve buradaki milyarlarca dolarla ifade edilen menfaatlerini kaybetti. [2]<\/a> \u0130ran, Sovyetlere de yana\u015fmad\u0131, Sovyetlerle de var olan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 feshetti. Daha genel bir ifade ile Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019daki menfaatleri sona erdi veya en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik, bu menfaatleri temini eskisi kadar kolay olmayacakt\u0131.\u2019[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Devrimin d\u0131\u015f dinami\u011fi \u00fclke \u00fczerinde n\u00fcfuz sahibi \u0130ngiltere ile SSCB oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendi etkinliklerini \u00fclke i\u00e7i dinamiklerde de g\u00f6stermekteydi. G\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri temel itibar\u0131yla R. Humeyni\u2019nin kurdurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201c\u0130slam Cumhuriyeti Partisi\u201d ve TUDE Partisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etken fakt\u00f6rler de bu saflarda yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer baz\u0131 te\u015fkilatlar da bu ikisi \u00fczerinden siyaset yapmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir. O s\u0131rada \u201cFedailer Cephesi\u201d, \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k ve \u00c7o\u011funluk \u2013 Bol\u015fevik ve Men\u015fovik\u201d olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f; \u00e7o\u011funluk, R. Humeyni\u2019nin ve TUDE\u2019nin saf\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. R. Humeyni devrim \u00f6nderi olarak devrimin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasal stratejisini \u201cNe Do\u011fu ne Bat\u0131; parti, yaln\u0131z \u0130slami Cumhuriyet\u201d stratejisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Humeyni taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ilk i\u015f, ABD\u2019nin \u00fclkede ve b\u00f6lgede kalmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in gereken b\u00fct\u00fcn ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesiydi. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan hemen sonra ABD\u2019nin petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki %40 pay\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 olarak geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin toplumsal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki etkin \u015firket ve fabrikalar tamamen mill\u00eele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. ABD\u2019nin Tahran\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi 55 y\u0131ldan sonra yeniden bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, el\u00e7ilikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar 21 aydan fazla rehin tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Humeyni, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki as\u0131l m\u00fcttefiki olan \u0130srail\u2019i bir \u00fclke ve bir devlet olarak tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ederek y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131mlar, SSCB yanl\u0131s\u0131 TUDE taraf\u0131ndan tek tek izlenip desteklendi\u011fi gibi, Halk\u0131n M\u00fccahitleri ve Fedailerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fundan da destek g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ayetullah Humeyni\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 devrimciler rakiplerini saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Humeyni, ABD\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik h\u00fccumlar\u0131yla birlikte \u00fclkedeki muhalifleri de bast\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayetullah Humeyni i\u00e7in en tehlikeli isim, Ayetullah \u015earietmedari ve onun T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan desleklenen \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman Halk Partisi\u201dydi. G\u00fcney Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ve ayr\u0131ca bir davaya sahip oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn te\u015fkilatlar bu sahada Humeyni\u2019yi yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. ABD ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z te\u015fkilatlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve bunun sonucunda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olarak T\u00fcrkleri temsil eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Halk Partisi yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilerek faaliyetine son verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ayetullah \u015eariatmedari ilk \u00f6nce m\u00fccadeleden uzaktutulmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndanda bilinmeyen bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayetullah Humeyni i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike olan Ayetullah \u015eariatmedari ve partisi ortadan kalkt\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131ra Halk\u0131n M\u00fccahitleri te\u015fkilat\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Bu te\u015fkilatta k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilerek \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani Ayetullah Humeyni i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturan, rakip say\u0131lan, \u0130slami de\u011ferleri temel alan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Halk Partisi ve onun \u00f6nderi Ayetullah \u015earietmedari ve Halk\u0131n M\u00fccahitleri te\u015fkilat\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Solcu te\u015fkilatlarla s\u0131radan siyasi \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri a\u015fan \u00f6nemli bir olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. ABD taraf\u0131ndan kurulan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 temsil eden, T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Panfarsist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve liberal de\u011ferleri savunan ve Va\u015fington ile iyi ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrmesi taraftar\u0131 olan \u201cMill\u00ee Mezhebiler\u201d yeni h\u00e2kim kadroya ortak olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde hepsi izole edilerek saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Humeyni kendine yak\u0131n insanlarla kendi sistemini kurmu\u015ftur. Yeni devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik altyap\u0131s\u0131, e<\/strong>konomik a\u00e7\u0131dan liberalizmden ziyade sosyalizmi tercih eden, Fars dilli \u015eii \u0130slami de\u011ferleri esas alan\u00a0 bir stratejiye dayan\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Humeyni\u2019nin ABD\u2019yi sert bir bi\u00e7imde hedef almas\u0131, bir taraftan i\u00e7 dinamik olarak solcular\u0131n ra\u011fbetini kazan\u0131yor, di\u011fer taraftan SSCB\u2019ye \u201cSize ba\u011fl\u0131 sol partileri, bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 gibi kullanmaya gerek yoktur, zaten bat\u0131 emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 biz var\u0131z.<\/em>\u201d mesaj\u0131 veriyordu. Bu eylemlerden sonra da SSCB\u2019nin temel toplumsal taban\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan TUDE Partisi ve \u201cFedailer Cephesi\u201dnin az\u0131nl\u0131k kolu yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilerek \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Humeyni ve \u00e7evresi, bu konjonkturel de\u011fi\u015fimi olduk\u00e7a maharetli bir \u015fekilde pe\u015f pe\u015fe taktiksel gidi\u015flerle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015ftur. Ayetullah Seyid Ali Hamaney ve H\u00fcccet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slam Ha\u015fimi Rafsancani ba\u015fta olmakla kendi \u00e7evresini esas alarak hem \u0130ngiltere ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Avrupa \u00fclkelerini hem de SSCB\u2019yi ikna edecek bir bi\u00e7imde i\u00e7 dinamik m\u00e2nilerini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayetullah Humeyni\u2019nin kurmakta oldu\u011fu sistem \u00e7eli\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Humeyni, kurmakta oldu\u011fu yeni sistemin ba\u015f\u0131ndayken, yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u00e7e\u015fitli ideolojik konularda farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na sahip kesimler bulunurdu. Ayr\u0131ca SSCB\u2019nin M\u00fcdahale Hakk\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 1921 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetse de etkinli\u011fini tam k\u0131rmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer taraftan ise Humeyni\u2019nin en g\u00fcvenilir kesimini olu\u015fturan, sonradan Modernist ve Islahat\u00e7\u0131lar gibi tan\u0131mlanan kesim direkt \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00fclkedeki emperyalist \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kesim temel itibar\u0131yla Panfarsist ve T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak, Fars dilli az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fclkedeki egemenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00fclkedeki n\u00fcfuzunu da g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir durumda \u0130ngiltere ile SSCB\u2019nin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 yeni kurulmakta olan sistem i\u00e7inde bir arada tutmak o kadar da kolay de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Seyid Ali Hamaney ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, yeni kuracaklar\u0131 sistemin ideolojik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan liberal de\u011ferlerden ziyade sosyalist yakla\u015f\u0131mla Fars dilli \u015eii \u0130slami de\u011ferler esas\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin etki alan\u0131n\u0131n daralt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zaman a\u015famas\u0131nda n\u00fcfuzunu k\u0131rmak istiyorlard\u0131. Ha\u015fimi Rafsancani ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ise daha fazla panfarsist (T\u00fcrk-Arap d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan uyduruk Pers Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine sahip ve \u0130ngiltere temay\u00fcll\u00fc idiler. Bunlar, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00fclkedeki n\u00fcfuzunun korunmas\u0131n\u0131 Fars az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkedeki egemenli\u011finin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar, liberal ekonomiden yanayd\u0131lar ve SSCB\u2019nin \u00fclkedeki etki alan\u0131n\u0131n daralt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131. Humeyni\u2019den sonra bu cereyanlar esas itibar\u0131yla iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar: Birinci kesim Sa\u011fc\u0131 Muhafazak\u00e2rlar (Usulgeralar), \u0130kinciler ise Sa\u011fc\u0131 Reformistler\u00a0 (\u0130slahatc\u0131lar) olarak tan\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Humeyni\u2019den hemen sonra sistem i\u00e7ten ikile\u015fiyor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bu ikilem, Humeyni hayattayken fazla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama \u0130ran-Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 bittikten ve 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Humeyni \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra bu ikilem, sistem i\u00e7inde kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H. Rafsancani, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkenin cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak kendi Ekopolitik Stratejisini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokmu\u015ftur. Mill\u00eele\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kurulu\u015fu, yeniden \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Ekonomide sosyalist yakla\u015f\u0131mdan vazge\u00e7ilerek liberal de\u011ferlere d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc. Humeyni d\u00f6neminde az da olsa zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f Panfarsist yakla\u015f\u0131m, yeniden kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Panfarsist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce enstit\u00fclerinin say\u0131s\u0131 artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik negatif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k siyaseti art\u0131k daha belirgin bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur. \u0130ngiltere ile olan ili\u015fkilerin daha art\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. Hamaney ise Humeyni\u2019den sonra \u00fclkenin din\u00ee \u00f6nderi olarak Sipah (\u0130slami devrim muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131) ordusunu, Besic (g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc) militanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ftirerek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sistem kurmak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7,1997 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in taraflar aras\u0131nda m\u00fccadele<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda yedinci cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde Hamaney muhafazak\u00e2r kanad\u0131n aday\u0131n\u0131, Rafsancani ise kendi grubundan olan reformcu Muhammed Hatemi\u2019yi aday olarak desteklemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki Hordad (Dovvome Hordad \u2013 Hordad ay\u0131n\u0131n ikisi) olaylar\u0131ndan sonra Rafsancani grubunu temsil eden Hatemi, sa\u011fc\u0131 reformcu kimli\u011fiyle se\u00e7imleri kazanarak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu se\u00e7imlerde ya\u015fanan olaylar, isyanlar, sistemin kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fki ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor ve derin ihtilaflar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber veriyordu. Muhammed Hatemi sekizinci cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerini de kazand\u0131ktan sonra reformcular 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fctme sistemini kendi ellerinde tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu 8 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde daha fazla T\u00fcrk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Panfarsist yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u0130ngiltere ve Bat\u0131 temay\u00fcll\u00fc stratejilerini savunmu\u015flar ve \u00fclkede kendi sistemlerini derinle\u015ftirmeye, etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve bunu b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda da ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ama \u0130ran Anayasa\u2019s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin dini \u00f6nderi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahiptir. Hamaney, bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerini kullanarak hem kendi stratejisini \u00fclkede y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor hem de Rafsancani grubunun \u0130ngiltere yanl\u0131s\u0131 giri\u015fimlerine gerekti\u011finde zorda olsa mani olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Dini \u00f6nder Ayetullah Hamaney\u2019in stratejisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hamaney, Tebriz yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Hamaney k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fmu\u015f,\u00a0 Horasan\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve din\u00ee e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ayn\u0131 zamanda din\u00ee e\u011fitimden sonra \u201cMoskova Halklar Dostlu\u011fu \u00dcniversitesi\u201dnde y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hamaney\u2019in, \u00fclkenin dini \u00f6nderi olduktan sonra iki stratejik konuya \u00e7ok \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasetten anl\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 taksim antla\u015fmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan denetim hakk\u0131na sahip iki \u00fclkenin – SSCB\u2019nin m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131n\u0131 feshedilmi\u015fti, ama di\u011fer biri olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00fclkedeki etkinli\u011fi s\u00fcrmekteydi.- Bu n\u00fcfuzu gitgide azaltmak ve etkinli\u011fine son vermek;<\/li>\n
  2. ABD\u2019den gelecek muhtemel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 sistemin savunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer silaha sahip olmak;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hamaney bunun i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 temel stratejik konumdan yararlanmay\u0131 tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/em><\/p>\n

    1.\u00a0 \u00dclkenin i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kendi elinde tutmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkede h\u00e2kim konuma getirdi\u011fi Sipah ve Besic ordusunu kendi iradesinde tutmak;<\/p>\n

    2.\u00dclkede \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin faaliyetlerine son vermek i\u00e7in Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019den yararlanmak.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ran-Rusya ili\u015fkileri stratejik ittifak\u0131n \u00f6tesindedir. SSCB da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u0130ran, G\u00fcney Kafkasya, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Afganistan ve yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kovu\u015fmu\u015f di\u011fer T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetlerinin Bat\u0131\u2019ya yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcney taraftan engellemekte ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan \u0130ran Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n siyasi m\u00fcttefiki olarak kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla beraber Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7ok verimli ve gerekli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir; Rusya bunun fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019la Kuzey Azerbaycan buna a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rnektir. Azerbaycan \u0130ran\u2019la kom\u015fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndan istese de kurtulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zordur, merhum El\u00e7ibey d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi.\u00a0 Ama G\u00fcrcistan \u0130ran gibi de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye gibi bir \u00fclke ile kom\u015fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisinden kurtulabilmi\u015ftir. Tabii sonra Saka\u015fvili\u2019nin gitmesi ve \u0130vani\u015fvili\u2019nin gelmesiyle yine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlamakta ve buna g\u00f6re de gerekeni yapmaktad\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

    3.Hamaney, bu eksende di\u011fer bir uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc de i\u015fe katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu da \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019dir. \u00c7in\u2019le olan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin hacmi 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda 394 milyon dolara, 2005 tarihinde 2,2 milyar dolara ve 2011 tarihinde 45 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6]<\/a>Di\u011fer taraftan n\u00fckleer enerjinin elde edilmesi ve uranyumun zenginle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde \u00c7in\u2019den ve Kuzey Kore\u2019den de fazlas\u0131yla yararlanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/h2>\n

    Hamaney\u2019in destekledi\u011fi Mahmud Ahmedinejad cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oluyor<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Hamaney, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda dokuzuncu cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinde Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndan gelen Mahmud Ahmedinejad\u2019\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir. Ahmedinejad\u2019\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131, Hamaney\u2019in belirledi\u011fi stratejik konumda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck mesafe kat etmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ye\u015fil Hareketinin d\u0131\u015f kolunun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlara g\u00f6re \u0130ran ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda \u00fclke i\u00e7in anahtar rol oynayabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik antla\u015fmalar imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan ba\u015fka iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda savunma ve g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131yla asker\u00ee ve n\u00fckleer alanlarda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00a0\u00c7in\u2019e verilen imtiyazlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda imzalanan savunma anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u0130ran yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frarsa \u00c7in savunma deste\u011fi verecektir.B\u00fct\u00fcn ana sanayi Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim ve y\u00f6netimindedir.<\/li>\n
    2. H\u00fck\u00fbmet y\u00f6neticilerinin kontrol\u00fc Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n elindedir;<\/li>\n
    3. \u00dclke i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli projeler Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim ve y\u00f6netimindedir.<\/li>\n
    4. \u00dclke ekonomisinin denetimi Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n elindedir.<\/li>\n
    5. Uranyumun zenginle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcreci, genel n\u00fckleer program\u0131n denetim ve y\u00f6netimi Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n elindedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bu durum, \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi \u00fclkedeki imtiyazl\u0131 konumunun ne kadar devam edece\u011fi sorusuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcttefi\u011fi ABD\u2019yi tedirgin etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n