{"id":7347,"date":"2019-05-20T20:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-20T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=7347&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=7347"},"modified":"2019-05-20T12:14:19","modified_gmt":"2019-05-20T09:14:19","slug":"din-ve-otesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/din-ve-otesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Din ve \u00f6tesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7550 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/islam-ve-iman-001-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"826\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/islam-ve-iman-001-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/islam-ve-iman-001-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/islam-ve-iman-001.jpg 660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k deneyimlerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen bilge bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan hikmetlerin veciz ifadelerini buldu\u011fu atas\u00f6zlerimiz aras\u0131nda en be\u011fendiklerimden birisi \u015fudur: \u201cYar\u0131m hekim candan, yar\u0131m hoca imandan eder.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, din gibi son derece hassas bir alanda kalem oynatmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun konu\u015furken bile elimden geldi\u011fince dikkatli davranmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131m ki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerim yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7mas\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Din konusundaki bu vazge\u00e7ilmez duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 besleyen en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise rahmetli Tar\u0131k Bu\u011fra\u2019n\u0131n bir romanc\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken en temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dile getiren s\u00f6zlerinde rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; \u201cbir bilim adam\u0131 gibi, tam da o kadar objektif.\u201d B\u00f6ylesi bir ele al\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi \u00f6znel de\u011ferlendirmelerin gebe oldu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok yan\u0131lg\u0131dan bizleri koruyacakt\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda din konusundaki bilimsel ger\u00e7eklerin ortaya konulmas\u0131yla sa\u011flam temeller \u00fczerine at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzun soluklu bir \u201ctecedd\u00fct\u201d (\u201cyenilenme\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 burada gelene\u011fe uygun bi\u00e7imde eski dilde de yazmakta ba\u011flamsal yarar var) hareketinin de tohumunu da olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Ta ki, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak bah\u00e7esine rayihas\u0131n\u0131 verecek denli derin ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir g\u00fcl fidan\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran T\u00fcrk tasavvuru ile ruhan\u00ee miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bamba\u015fka ufuklarla da tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l bir Anadolu\/Horasan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hak etti\u011fi g\u00f6rkemle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilsin.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, tam da merhum yazar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yukar\u0131da tak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k verdi\u011fi t\u00fcrden bir \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u201d tavr\u0131 yans\u0131tan Stephen T. Asma\u2019n\u0131n konuya ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine de\u011finmek istiyorum. Kendisi din felsefesi \u00fczerinde otorite kabul edilen sayg\u0131n bir akademisyen. Asma\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve de\u011ferlendirmelerini dikkate sunarken temel amac\u0131m, i\u015fbu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin mihenginde kendi \u00f6z din\u00ee de\u011ferlerimizin tart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n beraberinde getirece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fcc\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmek.<\/p>\n<p>Asma\u2019n\u0131n &#8211; benim de y\u00fcrekten kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u2013 iddias\u0131, bilimin bizlere sunmaktan aciz kal\u0131p ancak din sayesinde ula\u015f\u0131labilen baz\u0131 ya\u015famsal \u00fcst de\u011ferlerin var oldu\u011fu. Bu sav\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarken g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne serip alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi ana hususlar ise \u00f6zetle \u015funlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dinin gereklili\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki tezini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmeden \u00f6nce Asma\u2019n\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi g\u00fcncel bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek laz\u0131m. Ba\u015f\u0131na derin ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir \u201cmaalesef\u201d ekleyerek ifade etmek gerekir ki bir kavram olarak din g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve hemen hemen d\u00fcnya genelinde en itibarl\u0131 d\u00f6nemini ya\u015famaktan bir hayli uzak. Bunda; \u015fiddetten ba\u015fka kendini ifade arac\u0131 bulamayan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 u\u00e7lar\u0131n, s\u00f6zde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrden y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 tacizlerin, maddi zenginli\u011fin daha hak\u00e7a payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ka\u015f \u00e7atan ve y\u00f6netilebilir yoksullu\u011fu hedefleyen adaletsiz ve \u00e7arp\u0131k bir nevzuhur neokapitalist inan\u00e7 sistemi gibi pek \u00e7ok hususun etkisi var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklara, dinden bahsederken Meiji D\u00f6nemi Japonya&#8217;s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cKutsal Metinlere\/\u00d6ze D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d tarz\u0131 bir hareketin g\u00fcndeme getirilip anlat\u0131lan\/olmas\u0131 gereken din ile mevcut din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u00e7izilmesi gerekiyor.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6ncelikle din fizyonomimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yads\u0131namaz bir i\u015flevselli\u011fe sahip. \u0130nsan beyni \u00f6z\u00fcnde farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemlerinin muhte\u015fem uyumuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir uzuv. En altta \u201camigdala\u201d da denilen ve motor becerilerimizi, hayatta kalma ve fiziksel korunma reflekslerimizi y\u00f6neten beyin yap\u0131m\u0131z var. Onun \u00fczerinde yer alan limbik\/memeli beynimiz duygular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, en geli\u015fmi\u015f neokorteks beynimizse d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi olu\u015fturmakta ve y\u00f6netmekte. \u0130\u015fte din neokorteks\/ak\u0131lc\u0131 beynimizi uyararak yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 canl\u0131 ve diri tutarken \u00f6te yandan da memeli beynimizin do\u011furdu\u011fu korku, \u00fcmit, merak gibi say\u0131s\u0131z insani duygumuza yap\u0131sal bir d\u00fczen kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. Bunun sonucunda aidiyet duygusu, temel varolu\u015f sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t bulman\u0131n verdi\u011fi psikolojik dinginlik gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar piramidimizde \u00fcstlerde yer alan pek \u00e7ok gereksinimimize yan\u0131t verecek en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7 hala ve sadece din. De\u011finilen bilimsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak \u00f6nde gelen n\u00f6robilimcilerden Jaak Panksepp, Antonio Damasio ve Kent Berridge\u2019in bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada, dinin fizyonomik yap\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131p sosyolojik yararlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir kavram haline y\u00fckselmesinin temel nedeninden s\u00f6z etmekte fayda var. \u0130nsan t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak di\u011fer t\u00fcrde\u015flerimize muhta\u00e7 olan sosyal varl\u0131klar\u0131z. Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer bireylerle payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n peki\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir ortama ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n zemini olarak din\u00ee t\u00f6renler (toplu ibadet, dua, bayramlar ve kutsal geceler, vb) hayat\u00ee bir \u00f6neme sahip ve \u00f6yle de olmaya devam edecek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Zira k\u00fcreselle\u015fme denilen olgunun do\u011furdu\u011fu temel sonu\u00e7lardan birisi de ilk kez kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fime bu denli yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7en de\u011fi\u015fik insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine ait fark\u0131ndal\u0131k oldu. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, uluslar\u0131n d\u00fcnya sahnesinde kendi kendini yenileme yetene\u011fini haiz uzun soluklu yap\u0131sal birimler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerinde din en \u00f6nemli \u201cyerli ve milli\u201d de\u011fer olmaya devam ediyor. Bu ba\u011flamda Asma\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne bize ili\u015fkin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir not ili\u015ftirerek bu noktada dini ele al\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 fikirlerin hala Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019e ait oldu\u011funu belirtmek isterim.<\/li>\n<li>Dinin sosyal boyutunun bireysel yans\u0131mas\u0131ysa psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa olan olumlu katk\u0131s\u0131 noktas\u0131nda belirginle\u015fiyor. \u00d6l\u00fcm gibi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 en zor durumlarda daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale geldi\u011fi \u00fczere din bize bilimsel kabul edilen y\u00f6ntemlerin sa\u011flamaktan aciz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrden ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi yastaki ki\u015finin \u00e7evresindekiler taraf\u0131ndan da payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha etkin olan bir sa\u011falt\u0131m (terapi) s\u00fcreci sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bunun kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak sevdiklerimizi kaybetti\u011fimizde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dini t\u00f6renlerin (cenaze, anma, Mevlitli hay\u0131r, vb) insan b\u00fcnyesinde oktosin, i\u00e7sel opioid, dopamin, vb. olumlu sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 birincil etken oldu\u011funu ifade etmek yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tanr\u0131tan\u0131maz bilim insan\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n \u2013 Richard Dawkins, E.O. Wilson ya da Sam Harris gibi- g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bilerek\/bilmeyerek \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131p dinin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri bir husus asl\u0131nda tam aksine dinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve vazge\u00e7ilmezli\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. An\u0131lan isimler ve benzerleri dine kat\u0131 ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakarak bu hususta dinin eksikli\u011fi oldu\u011funu iddia ettikleri y\u00f6nlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyorlar. Oysa bunun bir testteki sorular\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f cevap anahtar\u0131yla yap\u0131p insafs\u0131zca not k\u0131rmaktan hi\u00e7bir fark\u0131 yok. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcnde din, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden ziyade duyguya ba\u011fl\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir olgu. Korku, sevgi, \u00f6fke, merak gibi duygular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hayatta kalma ad\u0131na y\u00f6netip eldeki sorular\u0131m\u0131za en k\u0131sa yoldan en uygulanabilir yan\u0131t\u0131 vermemizde din sahip oldu\u011fumuz en eski de\u011ferler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Asma\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u015fte bunlar\u2026 Bu ba\u011flamda bizim kendi \u201cmahallemizdeki\u201d durumu i\u015fbu sa\u011flam bilimsel temelin de verdi\u011fi g\u00fcvenle ele almam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. Mahalle demi\u015fken, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallesinde salyangoz satmak\u201d deyiminde en olgun ifadesini buldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar silsilesine de dikkat \u00e7ekmek istiyorum. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; \u00fclkemizin yakla\u015f\u0131k son yirmi y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan -art\u0131k ink\u00e2r\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelmi\u015f- ahlak\u00ee yozla\u015fma, beraberinde \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusta geni\u015f \u00e7apta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulan bir tehlikeyi de beraberinde getirdi. Yukar\u0131daki deyimdeki gibi bize ait olmayan bir din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla siyas\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 dev\u015firmenin bel alt\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullanan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m insan\u0131m\u0131zla din kavram\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. D\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Neyzen Tevfik\u2019in dedi\u011fine geldik; \u201cBirileri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, millet dininden de so\u011fudu.\u201d Bu noktada ger\u00e7ek dinin, ba\u015fta da belirtti\u011fimiz t\u00fcrden yap\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ve T\u00fcrk Tasavvufu\/Anadolu-Rumeli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekseninde geni\u015f kitlelere seferberlik d\u00fczeyinde bir yo\u011funlukla anlat\u0131lmas\u0131, konuya ili\u015fkin acil ve ertelenmeye gelmeyecek bir g\u00f6rev olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Din&#8221;in gerek\u00e7esi ve toplumdaki i\u015flevi konusunu irdeleyen bu yaz\u0131, insan\u0131n ruh ve beden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi ortaya koyuyor. Din \u00fczerine bilimsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla duruldu\u011funda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan &#8220;gereklilik&#8221; boyutu dikkat \u00e7ekmekte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":7554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[61,62,2],"tags":[],"coauthors":[248],"class_list":["post-7347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-din","category-egitim-kultur","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7347"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}