{"id":8218,"date":"2019-08-16T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-16T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=8218&preview=true&preview_id=8218"},"modified":"2019-08-17T07:43:23","modified_gmt":"2019-08-17T04:43:23","slug":"turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h2>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k (polysemy), dil biliminin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndan biridir. Anlam bilimi i\u00e7inde yer alan \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k, dil bilimi terimleriyle ilgili eserlerde madde ba\u015f\u0131 olarak yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da konu olmu\u015ftur. Ingrid L. Falkum ile Agustin Vicente taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ve Nisan 2015\u2019te Lingua <\/em>dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan \u201cPolysemy: Current Perspectives and Approaches\u201d adl\u0131 makale, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konudaki yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ele alan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Esasen \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k Falkum\u2019un 2011\u2019deki doktora tezinin de konusudur ve 2015\u2019te \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k ile ilgili eserini Hollanda\u2019da yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn dillerde o kadar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ki baz\u0131 yazarlar \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cs\u00f6zvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc bir nitelik olarak kabul ederler. \u00d6rne\u011fin Th. SCHIPPAN, \u00e7okanlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018s\u00f6zc\u00fcksel birimlerin ana \u00f6zelli\u011fi\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.\u201d (Aksan 2000 III: 189).<\/p>\n

Do\u011fan Aksan, \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 kelimelerde anlam\u0131n ba\u011flamdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labildi\u011fini de belirtir: \u00c7ok anlaml\u0131 kelimeler, \u201cde\u011fi\u015fik ba\u011flamlar i\u00e7inde\u00a0 \u2026 anlamlardan ancak birini yans\u0131t\u0131r.\u201d (Aksan 2000 III: 189).<\/p>\n

Aristo\u2019dan beri bilinen \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k konusunda ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya girmeye gerek yoktur. Birka\u00e7 terim s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bakmak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics,<\/em> \u201cpolysemy\u201d terimi i\u00e7in \u201ca single word form is associated with two or several related senses\u201d (birbiriyle ilgili iki veya birka\u00e7 anlam\u0131 olan tek bir kelime) tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc dil bilimcilerden David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde \u201ca lexical item which has a range of different meanings\u201d (farkl\u0131 anlamlar silsilesine sahip bulunan s\u00f6zl\u00fck birimi) tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnay Karaa\u011fa\u00e7\u2019\u0131n Dil Bilimi Terimleri<\/em> S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u2019ndeki tan\u0131m da \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cBir dil biriminin birden \u00e7ok anlam ve i\u015flev i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n

Konuyla ilgilenen dil bilimcilerin hemen hepsi e\u015f seslilik \/ e\u015f adl\u0131l\u0131k (homonymy) ile \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda fikir birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedirler. G\u00fcnay Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 e\u015f seslili\u011fi, \u201cSes\u00e7e ayn\u0131, anlamca farkl\u0131 olan dil birimlerinin ili\u015fkisi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

David Crystal \u201cpolysemy\u201d i\u00e7in \u201cone form \u2013 several meanings\u201d (tek bi\u00e7im \u2013 birka\u00e7 anlam), \u201chomonymy\u201d i\u00e7in ise \u201ctwo lexical items which happen to have the same phonological form\u201d (ayn\u0131 fonolojik bi\u00e7ime sahip olan iki s\u00f6zl\u00fck birimi\u201d der.<\/p>\n

Modern s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde bir kelimenin birden fazla anlam\u0131 genellikle ayn\u0131 madde i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilir ve bunlar \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 kabul edilir. E\u015f sesli kelimeler ise s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde ayr\u0131 madde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak ayn\u0131 sesleri ta\u015f\u0131yan kelimelerin, hangi sebeple, neye dayan\u0131larak, ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zl\u00fck birimi kabul edilece\u011fi konusu, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konudur. Kabul edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, \u201canlamlar aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dd\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u015fadl\u0131larda, ses\u00e7e ayn\u0131 olan g\u00f6stergeler aras\u0131nda anlam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fki bulunmazken (kr\u015f. ta\u015f ve ta\u015f, dolu ve dolu) \u00e7okanlaml\u0131larda, ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fik anlamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u2026 mutlaka bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r.\u201d (Aksan 2000 \u2013 III, 192-193).<\/p>\n

Aksan\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi ta\u015f<\/em> \u00f6rne\u011fi Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7indir. Eski T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ta\u015f<\/em>, hem \u201cd\u0131\u015f\u201d, hem de bildi\u011fimiz sert cisim anlam\u0131nda idi. Dolu<\/em> \u00f6rne\u011fi ise bug\u00fcne aittir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde dolu<\/em>, hem \u201cbo\u015f\u2019un z\u0131dd\u0131\u201d hem de \u201cya\u011fan buz taneleri\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere kelimeler e\u015f seslidir ama anlamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki yoktur. Aksan \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in kuyruk, ba\u015f, y\u00fcz<\/em> gibi \u00f6rnekler verir. \u201cHayvanlar\u0131n bilinen organ\u0131\u201d olan kuyruk, \u201chalk\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dizi\u201d anlam\u0131na da gelir (Aksan 2000 \u2013 III, 190); iki anlam\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnay Karaa\u011fa\u00e7, e\u015f seslilik ve \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ce\u015f zamanl\u0131\u201d bir olgu oldu\u011funa da dikkat \u00e7eker:<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u015f seslilik ve \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k, dillerin uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrleri boyunca ayn\u0131 kalan \u00f6zellikler de\u011fil, s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen \u00f6zelliklerdir: dillerin belirli yer ve zamanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidirler.\u201d (Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 2013: 377).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \/ Cumhuriyet ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili bu genel bilgilerden sonra T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019<\/strong><\/em>\u00fcn 11. bask\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u201c1. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan halk ve bu halktan olan kimse. 2. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin de\u011fi\u015fik leh\u00e7elerini konu\u015fan soy ve bu soydan olan kimse.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn iki anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cdar anlam\u201dd\u0131r, sadece T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerini ifade eder. \u0130kincisi \u201cgeni\u015f anlam\u201dd\u0131r, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkleri ifade eder.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131 kelimelerin hangi anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Mesela \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan bir gazetede \u201cAlmanya\u2019da T\u00fcrk doktorun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde bir ba\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek burada T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cdar anlamda\u201d kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131m ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan bir T\u00fcrk doktorun kastedildi\u011fini anlar\u0131z. Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00fc, Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00fc, Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00fc gibi kullan\u0131mlarda ise T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cgeni\u015f anlamda\u201d kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yani T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri \u201cKazak T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201d derken, Kazaklar\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu kastetmiyorlar; onlar\u0131n geni\u015f anlamdaki T\u00fcrk kavram\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatm\u0131\u015f oluyorlar. Geni\u015f anlamdaki kullan\u0131mda Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, T\u00fcrkmen vb. gibi T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri de genel T\u00fcrklerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden \u00f6nceki (1923\u2019ten \u00f6nceki) d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn dar anlam\u0131 yoktu; sadece geni\u015f anlam\u0131 vard\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00f6zl\u00fckten \u00f6rnek vermek yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Vefik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 1876\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Lehce-i<\/em> Osm\u00e2n\u00ee<\/em>\u2019sinde T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcne \u015fu anlam verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cAs\u0131l olan kadim \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcl\u00e2lenin biri olup \u015eark T\u00fcrkleri; Uygur, Hal\u0131\u00e7, Karl\u0131h gibi d\u00f6rt be\u015f ulustan yani milletten ve Garp T\u00fcrkleri O\u011fuz, K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Pe\u00e7enek (A\u011fa\u00e7 eri), Koman, Kaysak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, Kangl\u0131 gibi on kadar ulustan ibarettir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u015eemseddin Sami\u2019nin 1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kam\u00fbs-\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/em>\u2019sindeki T\u00fcrk<\/em> maddesini de sadele\u015ftirerek veriyorum:<\/p>\n

\u201cEsas olarak Asya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir millettir ki oradan \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihlerde cihangirlik ve \u00fclkeler fethetmek yoluyla g\u00fcneye ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yay\u0131larak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n dahi g\u00fcneydo\u011fu y\u00f6nlerine sokulmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u015fubelere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olup \u0130slam\u2019dan \u00f6nce \u2018Uygur\u2019 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde (20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2013 ABE) \u2018\u00c7a\u011fatay\u2019 ve \u2018Osmanl\u0131\u2019 \u015fubeleri edeb\u00ee dile nail olmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

1913\u2019te bas\u0131lan Lugat-i C\u00fbd\u00ee\u2019deki T\u00fcrk<\/em> maddesini de sadele\u015ftirerek veriyorum:<\/p>\n

1. Asya\u2019n\u0131n en m\u00fchim kavimlerinden soylu bir kavimdir ki Nuh o\u011flu Y\u00e2fes o\u011flu T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn s\u00fclalesinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na pek b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetleri olmu\u015ftur. 2. T\u00fcrk fertlerinden her biri.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n son d\u00f6nemindeki \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015f anlamda yer almaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer ikisinde yer almayan \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k \u0130brahim C\u00fbd\u00ee\u2019nin s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yer almaktad\u0131r. Fakat buradaki dar anlam, T\u00fcrkiye (Osmanl\u0131) T\u00fcrkleri anlam\u0131nda de\u011fil, geni\u015f anlamdaki T\u00fcrk milletinin \u201ctek tek her bir ferdi\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n daha eski d\u00f6nemlerinde T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc, \u201cg\u00fczel, civan\u201d ve \u201ck\u00f6yl\u00fc\u201d anlamlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019<\/em>nde \u201cg\u00fczel, civan\u201d anlam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek olarak \u00fc\u00e7 beyit verilmi\u015ftir. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki G\u00fcl\u015fen\u00ee\u2019den verilen \u00f6rnek \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

Ey G\u00fcl\u015fen\u00ee dimezem ad\u0131n o T\u00fcrk \u015f\u00fbhun \/ \u00c7\u00fcn korharam kah\u0131sa an\u0131n gibi yava\u015ftan<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ey G\u00fcl\u015fen\u00ee, o g\u00fczel \u015f\u00fbhun ad\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemem \/ \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun gibi, yava\u015f\u00e7a k\u0131zar diye korkar\u0131m.)<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u201ck\u00f6yl\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131 i\u00e7in de 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Atalar S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/em> diye me\u015fhur O\u011fuzname<\/em>\u2019nin Berlin yazmas\u0131ndan bir \u00f6rnek verebiliriz:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrk, \u015fehirl\u00fcn\u00fc\u014b kul\u0131dur; \u015fehirl\u00fc dostlu\u011f\u0131 \u00e7am g\u00f6lgesi gibid\u00fcr.\u201d (varak: 14b).<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u201cG\u00fczel\u201d ve \u201ck\u00f6yl\u00fc\u201d anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n milletin ad\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 1077\u2019de tamamlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019un D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019<\/em>\u00fcnde de T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nemli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iki T\u00fcrk \/ t\u00fcrk maddesini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131yorum:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrk<\/em> Nuh\u2019un (s.a.) o\u011flunun ad\u0131. Nuh\u2019un o\u011flu T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn o\u011fullar\u0131na y\u00fcce Allah taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f bir isimdir. \u2026 Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde burada da T\u00fcrk<\/em>,<\/strong> Nuh\u2019un o\u011flunun ad\u0131d\u0131r; burada tekliktir. O\u011fullar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu zaman topluluk ismidir; \u201cbe\u015fer\u201d kelimesi gibi hem teklik, hem topluluk i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u2026 biz daha \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk<\/em>\u2019\u00fcn Allah taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f bir isim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Bize \u015feyh, imam ve zahid \u0124<\/em>\u00fcseyn bin Xalef el-K\u00e2\u015f\u0121ar\u00ee<\/em> haber verdi ve kendisine de \u0130bnu\u2019l-\u0120arq\u00ee<\/em>\u2019nin haber verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ona da, \u00e2hir zaman hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u0130bni Ebi\u2019d-D\u00fcny\u00e2<\/em> diye tan\u0131nan \u015feyh Eb\u00fb Bekr el-Mu<\/em>\u0121<\/em>\u00eed el-Cercer\u00e2n\u00ee<\/em>, Allah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isine (s.a.) isnat ederek anlatm\u0131\u015f. (Peygamber) dedi ki: Allah (c.a.) diyor ki \u201cbenim bir ordum vard\u0131r; onlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk diye adland\u0131rd\u0131m ve do\u011fuya yerle\u015ftirdim. Bir kavme k\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131m zaman onlar\u0131 (T\u00fcrkleri) onlara musallat ederim.\u201d Bu, di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara kar\u015f\u0131, onlar i\u00e7in bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 bizzat O (c.a.) vermi\u015f; onlar\u0131 en y\u00fcce ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde havas\u0131 en g\u00fczel yere yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f; onlar\u0131 kendi ordusu olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda onlar; g\u00fczellik, tatl\u0131l\u0131k, ayd\u0131n y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck, edep, ya\u015fl\u0131lara h\u00fcrmet ve riayet, ahde vefa, al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, yi\u011fitlik ve daha say\u0131lamayacak bir\u00e7ok meziyeti hak etmi\u015flerdir. \u2026<\/p>\n

Onlardan \u201cbir\u201di i\u00e7in de T\u00fcrk<\/em> denir; hepsi i\u00e7in de. \u201cKimsin?\u201d anlam\u0131nda kim sen <\/em>denir; \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcm\u201d anlam\u0131nda T\u00fcrk men <\/em>diye cevap verilir. T\u00fcrk s\u00fc.si atland\u0131 <\/em>denir; \u201cT\u00fcrk ordusu (ata) bindi\u201d demektir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/em>t\u00fcrk<\/em> meyvelerin olgunla\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131n\u0131 bildiren bir edat. T\u00fcrk \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00f6.di<\/em> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn olgunla\u015fma vaktinin ortas\u0131. T\u00fcrk kuya.\u015f \u00f6.di<\/em> g\u00fcn ortas\u0131. T\u00fcrk yigit<\/em> gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131na gelmi\u015f gen\u00e7.\u201d (Ercilasun \u2013 Akkoyunlu 2014: 151).<\/p>\n

K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn hem teklik hem \u00e7okluk anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde anlatmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk bir yandan b\u00fct\u00fcn toplulu\u011fun (milletin) ad\u0131d\u0131r; bir yandan da o topluluk i\u00e7indeki tek bir ferdin ad\u0131d\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki \u0130brahim C\u00fbd\u00ee\u2019nin s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de bu fark belirtilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u201cBir \u015feyin olgunluk zaman\u0131, ortas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki t\u00fcrk ise e\u015f sesli ba\u015fka bir kelime olabilir. Fakat bu anlam\u0131n da birinci T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019daki \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k bundan ibaret de\u011fildir. \u201cT\u00fcrklerin tabakalar\u0131 ve boylar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde \u201cgeni\u015f anlam\u201dda kullan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkler asl\u0131nda yirmi boydur (qabi:le<\/em>). Bunlar\u0131n hepsi, Nuh peygamberin (Allah\u2019\u0131n duas\u0131 \u00fczerine olsun) o\u011flu Y\u00e2fes o\u011flu T\u00fcrk\u2019e dayan\u0131r. Bu boylar\u0131n her birinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dallar vard\u0131r ki onlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka kimse bilmez. Ben ana kabileleri sayd\u0131m; t\u00e2li olanlar\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131m. Ancak O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkmenlerinin oymaklar\u0131n\u0131 (bu<\/em>\u0167<\/em>u:n<\/em>) ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n damgalar\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n bilmesi gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in, zikrettim. Do\u011fu taraflar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan veya olmayan her kabilenin co\u011frafi mevkiini, Rum yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan do\u011fuya do\u011fru s\u0131ras\u0131yla beyan ettim.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cRum\u2019a yak\u0131n boylar\u0131n (qaba:yil<\/em>) birincisi Be\u00e7enek<\/em>\u2019tir. Sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla K\u0131f\u00e7ak, Oguz, Yemek, Ba\u015fg\u0131rt, Basm\u0131l, Kay, Yabaku, Tatar, K\u0131rk\u0131z<\/em> -bu \u00c7in\u2019e yak\u0131nd\u0131r-. Bu boylar\u0131n hepsi Rum hizas\u0131ndan do\u011fuya do\u011fru uzan\u0131rlar. Daha sonra \u00c7igil, Toxs\u0131, Yagma, Ugrak, \u00c7aruk, \u00c7omul, Uygur, Ta\u014bgut, X\u0131tay<\/em> -bu \u00c7in\u2019dir-, sonra Ta<\/em>w<\/em>ga\u00e7<\/em> -bu da M\u00e2\u00e7in\u2019dir-. Bu boylar da g\u00fcneyle kuzey ortas\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131n hepsini bu daire (harita) i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdim.\u201d (Ercilasun \u2013 Akkoyunlu 2014: 10).<\/p>\n

Burada K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 (kabilelerini) i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde \u201cgeni\u015f anlamda\u201d kullan\u0131rken \u015fu \u00f6rneklerde T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cdar anlamda\u201d kullanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cLeh\u00e7elerin asl\u0131nda fazla farkl\u0131l\u0131k yoktur. Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, baz\u0131 harflerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi veya hazfedilmesi \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Bunun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: B\u00fct\u00fcn isim ve fiillerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ye\u2019ler O\u011fuzca ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7a\u2019da elif veya cim\u2019e d\u00f6ner. Mesel\u00e2 T\u00fcrkler \u201cyolcu\u201dya \u00a0yelgin<\/em> derler, bunlar ise \u00a0elgin<\/em>; T\u00fcrkler \u201c\u0131l\u0131k su\u201dya \u00a0y\u0131l\u0131g suw<\/em>, bunlar ise elif\u2019le \u00a0\u0131l\u0131g<\/em> \u00a0derler. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkler \u201cinci\u201dye yin\u00e7\u00fc<\/em>, bunlarsa \u00a0cin\u00e7\u00fc<\/em> derler. T\u00fcrkler devenin uzun t\u00fcyleri i\u00e7in yogdu<\/em>, bunlar cogdu<\/em> \u00a0der.<\/p>\n

Kelimenin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn mim\u2019ler O\u011fuz, K\u0131p\u00e7ak ve Suvarlarda be\u2019ye d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: T\u00fcrkler \u00a0men bard\u0131m<\/em>, bu gruplar ise \u00a0ben bardum<\/em> \u00a0derler. T\u00fcrkler \u201c\u00e7orba\u201dya \u00a0m\u00fcn<\/em>, bu grup \u00a0b\u00fcn<\/em> \u00a0der.<\/p>\n

Kelimelerdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn te\u2019ler O\u011fuzlar ve onlara uyanlarda de\u2019ye d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek: \u201cDeve\u201d i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan t<\/em>ew<\/em>e<\/em>\u2019ye onlar deve<\/em> ismini verirler. \u201cDelik\u201d i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00fc.t<\/em>\u2019e onlar \u00fc.d \u00a0<\/em>derler.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz leh\u00e7esindeki dal\u2019lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu merkez\u00ee (\u015b<\/em>ami:m<\/em>) T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede te\u2019dir. \u201cHan\u00e7er\u201d T\u00fcrklerde b\u00fcgde<\/em>, onlarda b\u00fckte<\/em>\u2019dir. T\u00fcrklerde \u201ci\u011fde\u201d \u00a0yigde<\/em>, O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinde yigte<\/em>\u2019dir. Zikretmediklerim de bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc \u00fczerinedir.\u201d (Ercilasun \u2013 Akkoyunlu 2014: 12).<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmazsa K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019un \u00e7eli\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bir yandan O\u011fuz ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7inde say\u0131yor; bir yandan da \u201cT\u00fcrklerde b\u00f6yle, O\u011fuz ve K\u0131p\u00e7\u0131klarda b\u00f6yle\u201d diyor. Ancak burada hi\u00e7bir \u00e7eli\u015fki yoktur; T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131 sayarken T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cgeni\u015f anlamda\u201d, \u201cT\u00fcrklerde b\u00f6yle, O\u011fuz ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklarda b\u00f6yle\u201d derken T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cdar anlamda\u201d kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019un dar anlamdaki T\u00fcrk ile kastetti\u011fi \u201cmerkez\u00ee\u201d T\u00fcrklerdir; o devirdeki merkez\u00ee T\u00fcrkler de Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olan K\u00e2\u015fgar ve civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve o d\u00f6nemin standart T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini kullanan Karluk, \u00c7igil, Ya\u011fma gibi boylard\u0131r. Yani 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda O\u011fuz, K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Argu, Suvar gibi baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 dar anlamdaki T\u00fcrk kavram\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrklerinde (Meml\u00fcklerde) T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1250 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bir devlet kuran K\u0131p\u00e7aklar da kendilerini T\u00fcrk olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lan tarihlerde bu devletin ad\u0131 \u201ced-Devletu\u2019t-T\u00fcrkiyye<\/em>\u201ddir ve bunun anlam\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrklere ait devlet, T\u00fcrk devleti\u201ddir.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk devletinde Arap diliyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan gramer ve s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerin adlar\u0131nda da etr\u00e2k<\/em> (T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Arap\u00e7adaki \u00e7okluk bi\u00e7imi, T\u00fcrkler), T\u00fcrk\u00ee <\/em>(T\u00fcrk\u00e7e), T\u00fcrkiyye<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u2019e ait) s\u00f6zleri bulunur:<\/p>\n

Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-idr\u00e2k li-lis\u00e2ni\u2019l-etr\u00e2k<\/em> (T\u00fcrklerin dilini anlama kitab\u0131), Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 mecm\u00fb-\u0131 terc\u00fcm\u00e2n-\u0131 t\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/em> ve acem\u00ee ve mugal\u00ee<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Fars\u00e7a ve Mo\u011folca s\u00f6zlerin terc\u00fcmelerini g\u00f6steren kitap),\u00a0 et-Tuhfetu\u2019z-zekiyye fi\u2019l-lugati\u2019t-t\u00fcrkiyye<\/em> (T\u00fcrk dilinde ince bir arma\u011fan), Bulgatu\u2019l-m\u00fc\u015ft\u00e2k f\u00ee lugati\u2019t-t\u00fcrk ve\u2019l-k\u0131f\u00e7ak<\/em> (T\u00fcrk ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak dilinde \u00f6zlenen sonu\u00e7), el-Kav\u00e2n\u00eenu\u2019l-k\u00fclliyye li-zabti\u2019l-lugati\u2019t-t\u00fcrkiyye <\/em>(T\u00fcrk dilinin genel kurallar\u0131), ed-Durretu\u2019l-mudiyye fi\u2019l-lugati\u2019t-t\u00fcrkiyye<\/em> (T\u00fcrk dilinde parlak inci) (Ercilasun 2004: 388-394).<\/p>\n

Eserlerin isimlerinden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da devlet kuran K\u0131p\u00e7aklar kendilerine T\u00fcrk, dillerine de T\u00fcrk dili (lugatu\u2019t-t\u00fcrk) demektedirler. Sadece birinde T\u00fcrk <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda K\u0131f\u00e7ak <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fc de ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

El-Kav\u00e2n\u00eenu\u2019l-k\u00fclliyye<\/em> adl\u0131 eserde T\u00fcrkmence i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan uyar\u0131 ise son derece dikkat \u00e7ekicidir:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkmence T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Bundan dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 yerlerde dikkatli olman, sak\u0131nman ve konu\u015fmaman i\u00e7in seni uyar\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkmence, T\u00fcrklerce m\u00fcstehcen ve onu konu\u015fan ise hakir say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu dilde \u00e7eviri olarak kitap yazanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yaln\u0131zca o dile dayan\u0131r ve \u00e7ok az istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmazlar. Bunu akl\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karma.\u201d (Toparl\u0131 vd. 1999: 7).<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki T\u00fcrk K\u0131p\u00e7ak devletinde asker ve y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131nda K\u0131p\u00e7aklar yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmenler de vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkmenler daha \u00e7ok bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Azerbaycan topraklar\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gitmi\u015f olanlard\u0131r. 12-15. y\u00fczy\u0131l kaynaklar\u0131nda Azerbaycan ve Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler, T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 yan\u0131nda genellikle T\u00fcrkmen olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cBu O\u011fuzlar, umum\u00ee \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019 ad\u0131 yan\u0131nda, yine siy\u00e2s\u00ee bir isimlendirme olarak \u2018T\u00fcrkmen\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131 ki, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerine geldikten sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m kaynaklar\u0131nda bu isimle de an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d (Kafeso\u011flu 2002: 154).<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz tarihinin iki \u00f6nemli bilgini olan Faruk S\u00fcmer ve S. G. Agacanov, O\u011fuz ve T\u00fcrkmen kelimelerini \u00e7ok defa e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131rlar. Faruk S\u00fcmer\u2019in O\u011fuzlar <\/em>kitab\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131nda O\u011fuzlar<\/em> kelimesinin alt\u0131nda, parantez i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkmenler <\/em>yazar. Agacanov iki kelimeyi s\u0131k s\u0131k bir arada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kitab\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de \u201cIX-XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l O\u011fuz ve T\u00fcrkmen Tarihinin Problemleri\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Agacanov 2003: 57).<\/p>\n

El-Kav\u00e2n\u00eenu\u2019l-K\u00fclliyye<\/em> 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demek ki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrkleri kendilerine T\u00fcrk<\/em> demekte, fakat Azerbaycan ve Anadolu\u2019dan gelmi\u015f olan O\u011fuzlar\u0131, yani bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin atalar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen <\/em>olarak adland\u0131rmakta idiler. Kav\u00e2n\u00een<\/em> kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 bu konuda o kadar ileri gitmi\u015ftir ki kendi dilini T\u00fcrk\u00e7e <\/em>sayarken T\u00fcrkmencenin yani Anadolu ve Azerbaycan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin dilini T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kabul etmemi\u015f, onlar\u0131n dilini T\u00fcrkmence<\/em> diye adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bu dilin kaba oldu\u011funu, bu dili konu\u015fanlar\u0131n da hakir oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tem\u00fcrl\u00fclerde ve Nevayi\u2019de T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ali \u015eir Nevayi de kendi mesup oldu\u011fu milletten T\u00fcrk<\/em>, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilden de T\u00fcrk Tili,<\/em> T\u00fcrk\u00ee, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em> diye bahseder. 1499\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri Muh\u00e2kemet\u00fc\u2019l<\/em>–Lugateyn<\/em>\u2019de yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrk diliyle Fars dilini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaz; T\u00fcrkler ile Farslar\u0131 (Sartlar\u0131) da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Sema Barut\u00e7u \u00d6z\u00f6nder\u2019in aktarmas\u0131ndan veriyorum:<\/p>\n

\u201cBilindi\u011fi \u00fczere T\u00fcrk Sart\u2019tan (Fars\u2019tan) daha pratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli, daha y\u00fcksek kavray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha saf ve temiz y\u00fcreklidir. Sart ise, T\u00fcrk\u2019ten bir konu \u00fczerinde kafa yorma ve ilimde daha hassas, marifet ve olgunluk tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcnde daha derin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.\u201d (Barut\u00e7u \u00d6z\u00f6nder 1996: 203).<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemesine ra\u011fmen Nevayi\u2019nin bu ve di\u011fer eserlerinde T\u00fcrk<\/em> kelimesini daha \u00e7ok, \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle konu\u015fup yazan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc verdi\u011fi \u00f6rnek kelimeler ve beyitler hep \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aittir.<\/p>\n

Ancak Tem\u00fcrl\u00fcler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n da T\u00fcrk kavimleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendileri gibi onlar\u0131 da O\u011fuz Han\u2019a ve O\u011fuz Han \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrk bin Y\u00e2fes\u2019e ba\u011flamalar\u0131ndan bellidir. Ulu\u011f Be\u011f\u2019in T\u00f6rt Ulus<\/em> Tarihi<\/em>\u2019nde Osmano\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve burada verilen bilgiye g\u00f6re O\u011fuz Han, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ilk sultan\u0131 Osman\u2019\u0131n on be\u015finci atas\u0131d\u0131r (Mirza Ulu\u011fbeg 1994: 58).<\/p>\n

Ulu\u011f Be\u011f\u2019in eserinde yer alan \u201cO\u011fuz \u1e2aanning T\u00fcrk kavmlerige lakab koygeni zikri.\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ge\u00e7en \u201cO\u011fuz Han T\u00fcrklerin kavimlerine lakaplar koydu ki onlar bug\u00fcne kadar bu isim ve lakaplarla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n lakaplar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir: Uy\u011fur, Kankl\u0131, K\u0131b\u00e7ak, Karluk, Hala\u00e7, \u00c7iyuglar vb.\u201d\u00a0 (Mirza Ulu\u011fbeg 1994: 50) ifadesi de T\u00fcrk <\/strong>s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Ebulgazi Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019da T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ebulgazi Bahad\u0131r Han 1663\u2019te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eecere-i T\u00fcrk<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u015feceresi) eserinde T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00c7engiz Han neslinden gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. Dokuz b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan eserinin 3-9. b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00c7engiz Han ve onun soyundan gelen \u00d6gedey, \u00c7a\u011fatay, Tuli (\u0130lhanl\u0131), Co\u00e7i (Alt\u0131n Ordu) ve \u015eiban Han ile onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihlerini anlat\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00c2dem\u2019den Mo\u011fol Han\u2019a, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm Mo\u011fol Han\u2019dan \u00c7engiz Han\u2019a kadar olan s\u00f6zl\u00fc \/ efsanevi tarihi i\u00e7ine al\u0131r (Karab\u00f6rk 1995: 170-171). \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki bilgilere g\u00f6re \u00c7engiz Han da O\u011fuz Han soyundan gelir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 eserde Ebulgazi Bahad\u0131r Han, \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle verdi\u011fi \u201c\u00d6ks\u00fcz \u00f6z kindigin \u00f6zi kiser (\u00d6ks\u00fcz, kendi g\u00f6be\u011fini kendi keser.)\u201d (Karab\u00f6rk 1995 : 169) atas\u00f6z\u00fc i\u00e7in \u201cT\u00fcrkni\u014b meseli (T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn atas\u00f6z\u00fc)\u201d ifadesini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1663\u2019te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime<\/em> (T\u00fcrkmenlerin \u015feceresi) eserinde de \u00c7a\u011fatayca okuyup dinleyenler i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk<\/em> z\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cHepiniz bilin ki bizden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk\u00ee (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e) tarih s\u00f6yleyenler, (eserlerine) Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimeleri katm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fcnerlerini ve \u00fcstatl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 halka g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi de i\u00e7 kafiyeli kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Biz bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini yapmad\u0131k. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kitab\u0131 okuyacak ve dinleyecek olanlar elbette T\u00fcrk olacakt\u0131r. Tabii T\u00fcrklere T\u00fcrk\u00e2ne (T\u00fcrk gibi) s\u00f6ylemek gerek ki onlar\u0131n hepsi anlas\u0131n.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Demek ki Ebulgazi Bahad\u0131r Han\u2019a g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk, \u00c7engiz Han soyundan gelenlerle onlar\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi ve \u00c7a\u011fatayca okuyup yazan Kuzey ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkleridir; \u015eecere-i T\u00fcrk<\/em> onlar\u0131n tarihidir. \u015eecere-i<\/em> Ter\u00e2kime<\/em> ise T\u00fcrkmenlerin tarihi.<\/p>\n

Ancak Bahad\u0131r Han T\u00fcrkmenlere de daha \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk dendi\u011fini belirtir:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir\u2019e inen T\u00fcrkmenlere Tacikler \u00f6nceleri T\u00fcrk derlerdi. Be\u015f alt\u0131 nesil ge\u00e7tikten sonra yerle suyun (co\u011frafyan\u0131n) etkisiyle \u00e7eneleri k\u0131s\u0131k, g\u00f6zleri b\u00fcy\u00fck, y\u00fczleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve burunlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkmen yurduna gelip oturan halklardan esirler ve t\u00fcccarlar da M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehir\u2019e gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler ve Tacikler T\u00fcrk dediler, \u00f6nceki T\u00fcrklere T\u00fcrk-m\u00e2nend diye ad koydular. Onun anlam\u0131 \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019e benzer\u2019 demektir. Kara halk (avam), T\u00fcrk-m\u00e2nend diye s\u00f6yleyemedi ve T\u00fcrkmen dedi.\u201d [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime<\/em> 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserin \u201cT\u00fcrkmen olup T\u00fcrkmene kat\u0131lan illerin zikri\u201d bahsinde Ersar\u0131 Bay adl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrkmen beyi, \u015eeyh \u015eeref adl\u0131 bir din bilgininden Mu\u00een\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcr\u00eed<\/em> adl\u0131 eseri Arap\u00e7adan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirmesini isterken \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBiz T\u00fcrk halk\u0131y\u0131z. Arap\u00e7a kitaplar\u0131 okuyup manas\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131p ona g\u00f6re amel etmek bize zor geliyor.\u201d (Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez 1996: 220).<\/p>\n

Mu\u00een\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcr\u00eed<\/em> 1313 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demek ki o tarihteki bir T\u00fcrkmen beyi de kendisinden ve halk\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk<\/em> diye s\u00f6z etmektedir.<\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrkistan ve Azerbaycan\u2019da T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7a\u011fataycan\u0131n \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinden birini, Sengl\u00e2h L\u00fcgati\u2019<\/em>ini yazan Mirza Mehd\u00ee Han, bazen T\u00fcrk dili<\/em> (lugat-i T\u00fcrk), bazen \u00c7a\u011fatay dili<\/em> (lugat-i \u00c7a\u011fatay) terimini kullan\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e i\u00e7in de T\u00fcrk\u00ee-i R\u00fbm\u00ee<\/em> (Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi) der (Clauson 1960: 15).<\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u015fiirlerini bir divanda toplayan Hokand han\u0131 \u00d6mer Han, \u015fiirlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrk semenberleri sevd\u00e2s\u0131d\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00ee til birle\u201d s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini, baz\u0131 \u015fiirlerinin de \u201cT\u00e2jik per\u00eeve\u015flerini ser-kaddi hev\u00e2s\u0131da F\u00e2ris\u00ee lafz birle\u201d yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Hokand hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi tarihlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 kabul ederler. Yukar\u0131daki ifadeler de g\u00f6steriyor ki K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00d6mer Han\u2019\u0131 da kendi dilinden T\u00fcrk\u00ee (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e) til<\/em> diye bahsetmektedir. Bu dille s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirleri \u00d6mer Han, T\u00fcrk semenberleri , yani g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri yasemin gibi ak olan T\u00fcrk g\u00fczelleri sevdas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7evresindeki g\u00fczellerin de millet ad\u0131 demek ki T\u00fcrk<\/em> imi\u015f.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazetesi olan Ekinci<\/em>\u2019yi \u00e7\u0131karan Hasan Bey Zerd\u00e2b\u00ee 1906\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da \u201cBiz Rusya d\u00f6vletine t\u00e2bi olan M\u00fcselmanlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 (hepsi) T\u00fcrkd\u00fcrler. Bizim as\u0131l dilimiz T\u00fcrk dilidir.\u201d demektedir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 20\u2019li, 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar gelen T\u00fcrk<\/em> ve T\u00fcrk dili, T\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e)<\/em> terimleri Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde Sovyet y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Mesela Azerbaycan\u2019da 1928\u2019de bas\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ad\u0131 Rusca \u2013 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Lu\u011fat,<\/em> 1935\u2019te bas\u0131lan bir fizik terimleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 i\u00e7 kapakta Rus\u00e7a \u2013 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Fizika Terminleri<\/em> iken 1940\u2019tan sonra bas\u0131lan eserlerde art\u0131k T\u00fcrk\u00e7e <\/em>kelimesi kullan\u0131lmaz, onun yerine Azerbaycanca <\/em>terimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan\u2019dan da bir \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. Abdurrauf F\u0131trat 12 Haziran 1919\u2019da \u0130\u015ftir\u00e2kiyyun <\/em>dergisine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTilimiz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e <\/em>kelimesini kullan\u0131rken 09 Temmuz 1925\u2019te K\u0131z\u0131l<\/em> \u00d6zbekistan<\/em>\u2019da \u00d6zbek tili<\/em> terimini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kazaklar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fairi J\u00fcsipbek Aymaw\u0131tov\u2019un 1917\u2019de Ala\u015f Orda h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mar\u015f da \u201cDip atam Er T\u00fcrk; biz Kazak eliyiz (halk\u0131y\u0131z)\u201d diye ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. M. O. Awezov At\u0131nda\u011f\u0131 Edebiyet jane \u00d6ner \u0130nstitut\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almat\u0131\u2019da bas\u0131lan 20-30 J\u0131ldarda\u011f\u0131 Kazak Edebiyeti <\/em>adl\u0131 eserde bu mar\u015f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

Ar\u011f\u0131 atam Er t\u00fcrik
\n<\/em>Biz Kazak elimiz
\n<\/em>Samal taw, \u015falkar k\u00f6l,
\n<\/em>Sar\u0131arka jerimiz.
\n<\/em>Say saylap, mal aydap,
\n<\/em>Sayrandap en jaylap,
\n<\/em>Erke \u00f6sken Arkan\u0131\u014b
\n<\/em>Erkesi serimiz
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u2026 Er t\u00fcrik ejelden
\n<\/em>Ok tesken etimiz
\n<\/em>Kaym\u0131\u011f\u0131p e\u015f jawdan
\n<\/em>Kaytpa\u011fan betimiz. (1997: 315)[7]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan veya Sovyetlerin tesirini kabul etmeyen Azerbaycan ve T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrkleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk<\/em> kelimelerini kullanmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir par\u00e7as\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran \u00fclkesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki G\u00fcney Azerbaycan\u2019a 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir gezide sokaktaki insanlara \u201cHans\u0131 dili dan\u015f\u0131rs\u0131z? (Hangi dili konu\u015fuyorsunuz?)\u201d diye sordu\u011fum zaman hep \u015fu cevab\u0131 ald\u0131m: \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fc dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u1e2b.\u201d T\u00fcrk\u00fc, T\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/em> (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em>) kelimesinin G\u00fcney Azerbaycan a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imdir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak Alihan T\u00f6re Sagun\u00ee\u2019den \u00f6rnek vermek istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Alihan T\u00f6re Sagun\u00ee 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tokmok \u015fehrinde bir \u00d6zbek ailesinde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1976\u2019da Ta\u015fkent\u2019te vefat etmi\u015ftir (Alihan T\u00f6re 2019: 11).<\/p>\n

Alihan T\u00f6re\u2019nin \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da iken 1969\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkistan Kayg\u0131s\u0131<\/em> adl\u0131 eser tabii ki o y\u0131llarda yay\u0131mlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. El yazmas\u0131 eser y\u0131llar sonra 2003\u2019te Ta\u015fkent\u2019te \u015eark Ne\u015friyat\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanabilmi\u015ftir. 2006\u2019da Almanya\u2019n\u0131n W\u00fcrzburg kentinde de yay\u0131mlanan eser 2019\u2019da da O\u011fuz Do\u011fan ve Kutlukhan \u015eakirov taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131larak \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sovyet tesirini kabul etmeyerek eski gelene\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kalan Alihan T\u00f6re de bu eserinde T\u00fcrk <\/em>ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e <\/em>terimlerini geni\u015f anlamda kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cArap\u00e7ay\u0131, Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yaz\u0131l\u0131 dil ve konu\u015fma dili olarak de\u011fil; belki bu iki dilde kitap yazacak, \u015fiir s\u00f6yleyecek derecede bilmeme ra\u011fmen, kendi ana dilim olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi ba\u015fka dillerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\u201d (Alihan T\u00f6re 2019: 15).<\/p>\n

\u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcnde bu \u00fclkenin g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesinde K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrkleri, kuzeyinde ise Kazak T\u00fcrkleri ya\u015f\u0131yorlar \u2026 O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u2026\u201d (Alihan T\u00f6re 2019: 26).<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yukar\u0131da do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kaynaklara dayanarak verdi\u011fim \u00f6rneklerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nem ve co\u011frafyalarda \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddeler h\u00e2linde \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir toplulu\u011fun \/ milletin ad\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u2013 Topluluk \/ millet i\u00e7indeki tek bir ki\u015finin milliyetinin ad\u0131 anlam\u0131nda: B\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlarda.<\/li>\n
  2. Sadece T\u00fcrkiye ve Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri anlam\u0131nda (dar anlam) \u2013 B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019ndaki T\u00fcrkler anlam\u0131nda (geni\u015f anlam): T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde.<\/li>\n
  3. Sadece K\u00e2\u015fgar ve civar\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkler anlam\u0131nda (dar anlam) \u2013 B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 (kabileleri) anlam\u0131nda (geni\u015f anlam): D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te.<\/li>\n
  4. Sadece Do\u011fu ve Kuzey T\u00fcrkleri anlam\u0131nda (dar anlam): M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki T\u00fcrk K\u0131p\u00e7ak devletinde.<\/li>\n
  5. Topluluk \/ millet ad\u0131 olarak \u2013 \u201cG\u00fc\u00e7-kuvvet\u201d anlam\u0131nda: Eski Uygur metinlerinde ve Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de.<\/li>\n
  6. Topluluk \/ millet ad\u0131 olarak \u2013 \u201cBir \u015feyin ortas\u0131, olgunluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131nda: D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te.<\/li>\n
  7. Topluluk \/ millet ad\u0131 olarak \u2013 \u201cG\u00fczel, civan\u201d anlam\u0131nda: Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metinlerinde.<\/li>\n
  8. Topluluk \/ millet ad\u0131 olarak \u2013 \u201cK\u00f6yl\u00fc\u201d anlam\u0131nda: Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metinlerinde.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc ile paralel olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fc de dar ve geni\u015f anlamlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zleri bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde dar ve geni\u015f anlamlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kelimenin hangi anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flamdan (kontekst\u2019ten) anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cKazak T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, Tatar T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, T\u00fcrkistan T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc\u201d gibi kullan\u0131mlar, geni\u015f anlamdaki kullan\u0131mlard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki herhangi bir T\u00fcrk grubunu anlatmak i\u00e7in ya o grubun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ya da o grubun alt kimlik ad\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki insanlar\u0131n alt kimli\u011fi \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr. Eski d\u00f6nemlerde alt kimlik i\u00e7in \u201cOsmanl\u0131, T\u00fcrkmen, O\u011fuz\u201d terimleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt kimlik ad\u0131m\u0131z olan T\u00fcrkmen ve O\u011fuz <\/em>terimleri bug\u00fcn unutuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hem alt kimlik, hem \u00fcst kimlik ad\u0131 olarak kullanmaktay\u0131z. Di\u011fer T\u00fcrklerden ay\u0131rmak gerekti\u011fi zaman da \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc\u201d demekteyiz. Kazak, K\u0131rg\u0131z, \u00d6zbek, T\u00fcrkmen, Tatar, Ba\u015fkurt<\/em> vb. T\u00fcrk gruplar\u0131 ise Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin politikas\u0131 sonucu olarak \u00fcst kimlik adlar\u0131 olan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d\u00fc unutmu\u015flar; alt kimlik adlar\u0131n\u0131 unutmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak biz T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri, Sovyet idaresinde ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00fcst kimlik ad\u0131m\u0131z olan T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc unutmad\u0131k ve bu s\u00f6z\u00fc hem dar anlamda, hem geni\u015f anlamda kulland\u0131k. Bug\u00fcn de b\u00f6yle kullanmaya devam ediyoruz. Kazak T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, \u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, Uygur T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc vb. derken onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek istemiyoruz; onlar\u0131n geni\u015f anlamdaki T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatmak istiyoruz. T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc de geni\u015f anlamdaki T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esindeki T\u00fcrk<\/em> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015f anlam\u0131na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri, T\u00fcrkmen, \u00d6zbek, Karakalpak, Uygur, K\u0131rg\u0131z, Kazak, Nogay, Kumuk, Kara\u00e7ay, Malkar, K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar, Ba\u015fkurt, Kazan Tatar, Altay, Hakas, Tuva, Saha (Yakut), \u00c7uva\u015f, Karay(\u0131m) T\u00fcrkleri geni\u015f anlamdaki T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn e\u015fit par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    20-30 J\u0131ldarda\u011f\u0131 Kazak Edebiyeti<\/em> (1997), Almat\u0131, \u201c\u011e\u0131l\u0131m\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Agacanov, S. G. (2003), O\u011fuzlar<\/em> (Rus\u00e7adan \u00e7evirenler: Ekber N. Necef, Ahmet Annaberdiyev), \u0130stanbul, Selenge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ahmed Vefik Pa\u015fa (2000) Lehce-i Osm\u00e2n\u00ee<\/em> (haz\u0131rlayan: Recep Toparl\u0131), Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Aksan, Do\u011fan (2000), Her Y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Dil (Ana \u00c7izgileriyle Dilbilim),<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Alihan T\u00f6re (2019), Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130lk Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alihan T\u00f6re\u2019nin Hat\u0131rat\u0131 \u2013 T\u00fcrkistan Kayg\u0131s\u0131 <\/em>(\u00c7eviri: O\u011fuz Do\u011fan \u2013 Kutlukhan \u015eakirov), \u0130stanbul, Tarih (ve) Kuram Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Altay, Halife (1981), Anayurttan Anadolu\u2019ya<\/em>, Ankara, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Arat, Re\u015fid Rahmeti (1947), Kutadgu Bilig I Metin,<\/em> \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrk Dil kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Arat, Re\u015fid Rahmeti (1979), Kutadgu Bilig III \u0130ndeks<\/em> (\u0130ndeksi ne\u015fre haz\u0131rlayanlar: Kemal Eraslan, Osman F. Sertkaya, Nuri Y\u00fcce), \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Barut\u00e7u \u00d6z\u00f6nder, F. Sema (1996), \u2018Al\u00ee \u015e\u00eer Nev\u00e2y\u00ee – Mu<\/em>\u1e25\u00e2kemet\u00fc\u2019l-Lu\u0121ateyn \u2013 \u0130ki Dilin Muhakemesi,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Clauson, Sir Gerard (1960), Sanglax \u2013 A Persian Guide to the Turkish Language,<\/em> London.<\/p>\n

    Crystal, David (2008), A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetcs,<\/em> Blackwell Publishing.<\/p>\n

    Ercilasun, Ahmet B. (2004), Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131la T\u00fcrk Dili Tarihi,<\/em> Ankara, Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ercilasun, Ahmet B. \u2013 Akkoyunlu, Ziyat (2014), K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud \u2013 D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk \u2013 Giri\u015f-Metin-\u00c7eviri-Notlar-Dizin,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e2zih\u00ee er-Ris\u00e2letu min-Kelim\u00e2ti O\u011fuzn\u00e2me el-Me\u015fh\u00fbr bi- Atalar S\u00f6zi<\/em> (17. yy.), el yazmas\u0131, Berlin Devlet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Nu: 34.<\/p>\n

    \u0130brahim C\u00fbd\u00ee Efendi (2006), L\u00fcgat-\u0131 C\u00fbd\u00ee<\/em> (haz\u0131rlayanlar: \u0130smail Parlat\u0131r, Belgin Tezcan Aksu, Nicolai Tufar), Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Kafeso\u011flu, \u0130brahim (2002), T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, \u00d6t\u00fcken Ne\u015friyat.<\/p>\n

    Karaa\u011fa\u00e7, G\u00fcnay (2013), Dil Bilimi Terimleri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Karab\u00f6rk K\u00e2z\u0131m (1995), \u015eecere-i T\u00fcrk \u00dczerinde Bir Sentaks \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f doktora tezi, Konya.<\/p>\n

    Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez, Zuhal (1996), Ebulgazi Bahad\u0131r Han \u2013 \u015eecere-i Ter\u00e2kime (T\u00fcrkmenlerin Soyk\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc), <\/em>Ankara, Simurg Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Mirza Ulu\u011fbeg (1994), T\u00f6rt Ulus Tari<\/em>\u1e2bi<\/em> (Fars\u00e7adan \u00e7evirenler: B\u00f6ribay Ahmedov, Naim Narkulov, Mahmud Hasaniy) Ta\u015fkent, \u00c7olpan Ne\u015friyati.<\/p>\n

    Oxford Research Encyclopedia \u2013 Linguistics<\/em> (2019), Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6mer Han D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131,<\/em> \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Yazmalar B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Nu: 5452.<\/p>\n

    S\u00fcmer, Faruk (1992), O\u011fuzlar (T\u00fcrkmenler) (Tarihleri-Boy Te\u015fkilat\u0131-Destanlar\u0131)<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Tarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc V<\/em> (1971), Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Toparl\u0131, Recep \u2013 \u00c7\u00f6genli, Sadi \u2013 Yan\u0131k, Nevzat H. (1999), El Kav\u00e2n\u00een\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fclliyye li-Zabti\u2019l-L\u00fcgati\u2019t-T\u00fcrkiyye,<\/em> Ankara, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk Edebiyatlar\u0131 Antolojisi 3. Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131<\/em> (1993), Ankara, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    [1]<\/a> Asl\u0131nda iki madde olarak verilmi\u015f olan anlamlar i\u00e7inde bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k daha s\u00f6z konusudur: 1) halk\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, 2) bu halktan olan bir insan; 1) soyun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, 2) bu soydan olan bir insan. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k baz\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde ayr\u0131 rakamlarla belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Ayra\u00e7 i\u00e7indeki say\u0131lar, Re\u015fid R. Arat yay\u0131n\u0131ndaki s\u0131ray\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Beyitleri manzum olarak T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine ben aktard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Bu paragraf\u0131, Zuhal Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez\u2019in kurdu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 metinden (Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez 1996: 110-111) bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine ben aktard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Bu paragraf\u0131 da Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez\u2019den (Karg\u0131 \u00d6lmez 1996: 170) ben aktard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> \u00d6mer Han D\u00eev\u00e2n\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Yazmalar, nu: 5452.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk Edebiyatlar\u0131 Antolojisi 3. Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131, Ankara, 1993, s. 281.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Bu \u015fiirden beni haberdar eden Ferhat Tamir\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Mar\u015f\u0131n tamam\u0131, Halife Altay\u2019\u0131n Anayurttan<\/em> Anadolu\u2019ya <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde (s. 12-13) bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A. Bican Ercilasun Kazakistan\u2019daki bir akademik dergi i\u00e7in de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde, T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarih boyunca \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde dar ve geni\u015f anlamlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaynaklara dayanarak g\u00f6steriyor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[62,2,66,68],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k - M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A. Bican Ercilasun Kazakistan\u2019daki bir akademik dergi i\u00e7in de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde, T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarih boyunca \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde dar ve geni\u015f anlamlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaynaklara dayanarak g\u00f6steriyor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"M\u0130SAK- Mill\u00ee Strateji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-16T16:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-08-17T04:43:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/V41u0.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1191\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"670\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"34 dakika\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mdmLogo-yazisiz.jpg\",\"width\":422,\"height\":422,\"caption\":\"Mill\\u00ee D\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcnce Merkezi\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/\",\"name\":\"M\\u0130SAK- Mill\\u00ee Strateji Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rma Kurulu\",\"description\":\"D\\u00fcnyaya T\\u00fcrk\\u00e7\\u00fc Bak\\u0131\\u015f\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/V41u0.png\",\"width\":1191,\"height\":670},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/turk-sozundeki-cok-anlamlilik\/\",\"name\":\"T\\u00fcrk s\\u00f6z\\u00fcndeki \\u00e7ok anlaml\\u0131l\\u0131k - 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Seattle\/ABD (misafir ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmac\\u0131). 1967-1971: Atat\\u00fcrk \\u00dcniversitesi. Eserleri: - Arpa\\u00e7ay K\\u00f6ylerinden Derlemeler (Prof. Dr. Sel\\u00e2hattin Olcay ve Dr. Ensar Aslan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1976). - Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri I-II (Ankara 1977). - Kars \\u0130li Ag\\u0131zlar\\u0131 - Ses Bilgisi (Ankara 1983). - Kutadgu Bilig Grameri \\u2013 Fiil (Ankara 1984). - Dilde Birlik (\\u0130stanbul 1984). - Uygur Halk Masallar\\u0131 (\\u015eek\\u00fcr Turan'la birlikte) (Ankara 1989). - \\u00d6rneklerle Bug\\u00fcnk\\u00fc T\\u00fcrk Alfabeleri (Ankara 1990). - Mo\\u011folistan ve \\u00c7in G\\u00fcnl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc (Ankara 1991). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri S\\u00f6zl\\u00fc\\u011f\\u00fc 1-2 (ortak) (Ankara 1991, 1992). - T\\u00fcrk D\\u00fcnyas\\u0131 \\u00dczerine \\u0130ncelemeler (Ankara 1998). - T\\u00fcrk Dili I-II-III-IV (Leyla Karahan ile birlikte) (Ankara 1994-1996). - G\\u00fclnar -roman- (\\u0130stanbul 1998). - Ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7tan Yirminci Y\\u00fczy\\u0131la T\\u00fcrk Dili Tarihi (Ankara 2004). - 2BA Beden Beyin Ak\\u0131m\\u0131 -roman- (Ankara 2006). - Kar\\u015f\\u0131la\\u015ft\\u0131rmal\\u0131 T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri-I Fiil - Basit \\u00c7ekim (Ortak) (Ankara 2006). - Makaleler \\u2013 Dil-Destan-Tarih-Edebiyat (Yay\\u0131na haz\\u0131rlayan: Ekrem Ar\\u0131ko\\u011flu) (Ankara 2007). - T\\u00fcrk Leh\\u00e7eleri Grameri (Edit\\u00f6r) (Ankara 2007). - K\\u00e2\\u015fgarl\\u0131 Mahmud - D\\u00eev\\u00e2nu Lug\\u00e2ti\\u2019t-T\\u00fcrk \\u2013 Giri\\u015f-Metin-\\u00c7eviri-Notlar-Dizin (Ziyat Akkoyunlu ile birlikte) (Ankara 2014). - T\\u00fcrk\\u2019\\u00fcn Kay\\u0131p Kitab\\u0131-Ulu Han Ata -roman- (Ankara 2016). - T\\u00fcrk Ka\\u011fanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 ve T\\u00fcrk Beng\\u00fc Ta\\u015flar\\u0131 (Ankara 2016). - Bir\\u00e7ok ilm\\u00ee ve fikr\\u00ee makale. - K\\u00f6\\u015fe Yaz\\u0131lar\\u0131 (2008'den itibaren Yeni\\u00e7a\\u011f gazetesinde).\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8218"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8218"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8241,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8218\/revisions\/8241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n

D\u00eev\u00e2nu Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019<\/em>e yak\u0131n y\u0131llarda, 1069\/1070 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kutadgu Bilig\u2019<\/em>de T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc geni\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

K\u00f6r\u00fc barsa emdi bu T\u00fcrk begleri
\n<\/em>Ajun beglerinde bular yigleri (276)[2]<\/strong><\/a>
\n<\/em>Bu T\u00fcrk beglerinde at\u0131 belg\u00fcl\u00fcg
\n<\/em>To<\/em>\u014ba Alp Er erdi kut\u0131 belg\u00fcl\u00fcg (277)<\/em><\/p>\n

Dikkatle bakarsan bu T\u00fcrk be\u011fleri \/ Acun be\u011flerinde en iyileri(dir). \/\/ Bu T\u00fcrk be\u011flerinde ad\u0131 bilinen, \/ Alp Er tonga idi kutu (ikbali) bilinen.<\/p>\n

Yime yak\u015f\u0131 aym\u0131\u015f bu T\u00fcrk buyruk\u0131
\n<\/em>K\u00f6r\u00fcr k\u00f6z yaruk\u0131 ogul k\u0131z ok-\u0131 (1163)<\/em><\/p>\n

Yine g\u00fczel demi\u015f bu T\u00fcrk veziri: \/ Ger\u00e7ek! O\u011ful k\u0131z, g\u00f6ren g\u00f6z\u00fcn nuru(dur).<\/p>\n

Tak\u0131 munda yigrek ayur T\u00fcrk <\/em>\u1e2ban\u0131
\n<\/em>K\u0131nama yalava\u00e7 s\u00f6z aysa k\u00f6ni (3817)<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk han\u0131 bundan da iyisini der: \/ K\u0131nama, el\u00e7i do\u011fru s\u00f6ylerse e\u011fer.<\/p>\n

Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib ilk iki beyitte, d\u00fcnyadaki beyler (em\u00eerler, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar) i\u00e7inde en iyi beylerin T\u00fcrk beyleri oldu\u011funu, onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde de en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ve en kutlusunun Alp Er Tonga oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc beyitte bir T\u00fcrk vezirinden, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc beyitte de bir T\u00fcrk han\u0131ndan vecize aktar\u0131yor. D\u00f6rt beyitte de Yusuf Has H\u00e2cib\u2019in T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, milletimizin ad\u0131 olarak geni\u015f anlamda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Kutadgu Bilig\u2019<\/em>de erk<\/em> ile birlikte\u00a0 \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7, kudret\u201d anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

Ay ilig baka k\u00f6r seni\u014bde
\n<\/em>Beg erdi ata\u014b ilde erk t\u00fcrk t\u00fcze (5151)<\/em><\/p>\n

Bak da g\u00f6r, senden \u00f6nce ey hakan! \/ \u00dclkede g\u00fcc\u00fc tutan be\u011fdi atan.<\/p>\n

Eski Uygur eserlerinde de erk t\u00fcrk<\/em> ikilemesi i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7 kudret\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131n milletin ad\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u015f\u00fcphesi yoktur.<\/p>\n