{"id":8397,"date":"2019-10-05T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=8397&preview=true&preview_id=8397"},"modified":"2019-10-05T12:30:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-05T09:30:42","slug":"inka-kralligi-sarayindan-beyaz-saraya-kesin-inanclilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/inka-kralligi-sarayindan-beyaz-saraya-kesin-inanclilik\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nka Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 saray\u0131ndan Beyaz Saray\u2019a kesin inan\u00e7l\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Manco Capac-\u0130nka \u0130mparatoru<\/p><\/div>\n

Metin Sava\u015f’\u0131n bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 TDAV Dergisinde Nisan 2019’da <\/em>yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f halidir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130nka \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131za And da\u011flar\u0131na u\u011frayarak ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. \u0130spanyol istilas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinin son b\u00fcy\u00fck Amerika imparatorlu\u011funu kurmu\u015f olan \u0130nkalar\u0131n (1238-1532) h\u00e2kimiyeti ayn\u0131 zamanda sa\u011flam bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil ediyor. T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Tarih K\u00fclt\u00fcr dergisinin \u015eubat 2019 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurcalarken M\u00fcjgan Ergil\u2019in \u201cPeru-Bolivya Gezisi \u0130zlenimleri\u201d ortak ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizisine rast geldim. Rast gelince de yaz\u0131 dizisinin devam\u0131n\u0131 takip etmeye koyuldum. M\u00fcjgan Ergil\u2019den \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fime g\u00f6re \u0130nkalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 y\u0131ll\u0131k h\u00e2kimiyeti \u00f6ncesinde buralarda pek \u00e7ok etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgesel devletler (bizdeki beylikler) halinde bir arada varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyormu\u015f. \u0130nkalar gelince b\u00fct\u00fcn bu etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve b\u00f6lgesel devletler \u0130nka \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmi\u015fler. \u0130nka hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurucu atas\u0131 Manco Capac ve onun kar\u0131s\u0131 Mama Ocllo imi\u015f. Biz bunu Osman Gazi ile Malhun Hatun\u2019un bir imparatorlu\u011fun temellerini atmas\u0131na benzetelim. \u0130nka devleti di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f. O zamanlar\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131nda refah toplumu olu\u015fturulmu\u015f. Bilimsel y\u00f6ntemleri izlemi\u015fler. Zeki ve kararl\u0131 bir hanedan imi\u015f. Ba\u015fkent konumundaki Cusco vadisinin merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fi etraf\u0131nda sosyal, din\u00ee, idari ve ekonomik hiyerar\u015fi esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. E\u011fitime \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f. Etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri yok etmek yerine ortak bir paydada sosyal dengenin yakalanmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015f. Buradaki ortak payda bizim \u00fcst-kimlik dedi\u011fimiz \u015feyden ba\u015fka nedir ki? Kahrolas\u0131 \u0130spanyollar gelmeseydi de \u0130nka d\u00fczeni s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitseydi, kayna\u015fma s\u00fcreci sonucunda \u0130nka \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu toplumu daha da b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek bir nevi ulusla\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelecekti muhtemelen.<\/p>\n

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Huanacauri tepesi<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0130nka devleti hile ve desise ile mi kuruldu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Peki ama Capac hanedan\u0131 y\u00f6netimindeki \u0130nkalar s\u00f6z konusu h\u00e2kimiyeti ve d\u00fczeni nas\u0131l sa\u011flad\u0131lar? Rivayetlere g\u00f6re zek\u00e2lar\u0131n\u0131 olumlu ve olumsuz y\u00f6nde kullanarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015flar. Bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, pragmatist y\u00f6ntemleri de kullanm\u0131\u015flar. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: Kurucu ata Manco Capac, Cusco vadisini ele ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in oran\u0131n yerli halk\u0131na kendisini ve karde\u015flerini g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131<\/em> olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015f. Manco Capac, bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ift alt\u0131n levha haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f, sonra bu levhalardan birini g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne, di\u011fer tekini s\u0131rt\u0131na asarak Cusco vadisini ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rebilen Huanacauri tepesine t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015f. \u015eafak s\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Manco Capac\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerindeki alt\u0131n levhalar vadiye yans\u0131yan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 parlakl\u0131\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f. Bu g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 parlakl\u0131k Manco Capac\u2019a esrarengiz (tanr\u0131sal) bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in y\u00f6re halklar\u0131 k\u00e2h b\u00fcy\u00fclenerek k\u00e2h korkuya kap\u0131larak biat etmi\u015fler. Manco Capac sava\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve direni\u015f g\u00f6rmeksizin Cusco vadisine sahip olarak kendi hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f; (M\u00fcjgan Ergil\u2019in anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zetledim).<\/p>\n

Bu kurulu\u015f efsanesi ger\u00e7ek midir d\u00fczmece midir tam bilinmiyor. Kimilerine g\u00f6re \u0130nka k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan \u00fcretti\u011fi bir efsaneymi\u015f, kimilerine g\u00f6reyse Capac hanedan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6re halklar\u0131 nezdindeki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek isteyen \u0130spanyollar\u0131n uydurmas\u0131ym\u0131\u015f. M\u00fcjgan Ergil bu efsaneyi anlat\u0131rken \u201c\u0130nka devleti hile ve desise ile mi kuruldu?<\/em>\u201d diye soruyor.<\/p>\n

Din s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, devlet adam\u0131 ve k\u00f6kenlerin sihirli sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Biz bu tart\u0131\u015fmaya girmeksizin efsanenin do\u011frulu\u011funu varsayarsak herhalde bizlere ve pek \u00e7ok \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f topluma yabanc\u0131 gelmeyen bir kurguyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f oluyoruz. Kurgu veya kurnazl\u0131k diyelim. Manco Capac\u2019\u0131n kendisini ve ailesini g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131<\/em> s\u0131fat\u0131yla tan\u0131tmas\u0131 din (inan\u00e7) s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6kenidir. Huanacauri tepesine t\u00fcneyerek kendisine alt\u0131n levhalar marifetiyle kutsall\u0131k atfetmesi neredeyse her devlet adam\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir e\u011filimdir. M\u0131s\u0131r firavunlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz ister istemez. Beyaz Saray ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan birinin Tanr\u0131\u2019dan buyruk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6ylemini de hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz. Bir milletvekilinin ba\u015fbakan\u0131m\u0131za dokunmak bile ibadettir gaf\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz. Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n kendilerini kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmuyor; biat etmeye haz\u0131r olanlar\u0131n o ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rma psikolojileri kurguyu besleyip tamaml\u0131yor.<\/em> Burada her iki taraf\u0131n da (y\u00f6netenlerin ve y\u00f6netilenlerin) ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mircea Eliade buna k\u00f6kenlerin sihirli sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> diyor. Manco Capac\u2019\u0131n bizzat kendisi ya da kendisinden sonraki y\u00f6neticiler Capac hanedan\u0131na besbelli ki b\u00f6yle bir tanr\u0131sal k\u00f6ken ili\u015ftirmi\u015fler. Otoritenin yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in o \u00e7a\u011flarda bunun gereklili\u011fi ink\u00e2r edilemez ama g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modern veya modernlik \u00f6tesi toplumlar\u0131nda da durum pek farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Rusya Federasyonu ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7imle tahta oturan bir \u00e7ar de\u011fil midir? Ernst Cassirer ise \u201cDevlet Efsanesi<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda kahramana tap\u0131nma<\/em> olgusundan s\u00f6z etmektedir ki Cusco vadisi halklar\u0131n\u0131n Manco Capac kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da budur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f bizi barbar yerlilere uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dahas\u0131 da var; yine ayn\u0131 efsaneye g\u00f6re, kurnaz kurucu ata Manco Capac, g\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Cusco vadisi halklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6teden beri bilmekteymi\u015f, yani o halklar\u0131n zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Kendisini g\u00fcne\u015fin o\u011flu olarak tan\u0131tmas\u0131 bir sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131k olsa da sonu\u00e7ta ak\u0131lc\u0131 bir politik manevrad\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r krallar\u0131 kendilerini firavunla\u015ft\u0131rmasa idiler acaba M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131 o krallara itibar edecekler miydi? \u015eimdinin g\u00fcya e\u011fitimli ve g\u00fcya demokrat toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n hurafeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumlar\u0131 ortadayken \u00e7ok eski zamanlardaki M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130nka halklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011fnazl\u0131kla su\u00e7layabilir miyiz? B\u00f6ylesi bir su\u00e7lamay\u0131 i\u015fittiklerinde eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n toplumlar\u0131 bizlere dudak b\u00fckerek \u201cSizler bizimle u\u011fra\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n da kendinize bak\u0131n!<\/em>\u201d demezler mi? Dahas\u0131 da var demi\u015ftik: Manco Capac ve ailesi Cusco vadisine g\u00f6z koyduklar\u0131nda, kendi hedeflerine (g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmak iddias\u0131yla), bir di\u011fer me\u015fruiyet daha y\u00fckl\u00fcyorlar. M\u00fcjgan Ergil\u2019in aktar\u0131m\u0131yla s\u00f6ylersek, g\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fc bilgisiyle harekete ge\u00e7en Manco Capac \u201cBeni ve kar\u0131m\u0131 Cusco vadisine g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6nderdi!<\/em>\u201d diyor. Beyaz Saray\u2019daki ba\u015fkan\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019dan veya \u0130sa Mesih\u2019ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m buyruklarla hareket etmekteyim demesi gibi bir g\u00f6zba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yelteniyor \u0130nka hanedan\u0131n\u0131n kurnaz kurucu atas\u0131. Ve \u015fu masal\u0131 uydurarak Cusco vadisi halklar\u0131na yay\u0131yor: \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f, biri kad\u0131n di\u011feri erkek olan iki \u00e7ocu\u011funu barbar yerlilere uygar ya\u015famay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Manco Capac\u2019\u0131n Amerikan ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan fark\u0131 ne?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nas\u0131l; tan\u0131d\u0131k geliyor mu bu s\u00f6ylem? Fazlas\u0131yla a\u015finay\u0131z de\u011fil mi? Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ordusu Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerini demokrasi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorum<\/em> diyerek talan etmiyor mu? \u0130nka kral\u0131 da Amerikan ba\u015fkan\u0131 da -sanki birbirlerine ak\u0131l vermekteymi\u015fler gibi- benzer s\u00f6ylemleri kullan\u0131yorlar, demokrasi ve uygarl\u0131k g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fiz diyorlar. Ger\u00e7i \u0130nka\u2019n\u0131n Capac hanedan\u0131 pek fazla kan d\u00f6km\u00fcyor, refah toplumu olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, muayyen bir ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131kla farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere mensup irili ufakl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131 (ve beylikleri) kendi otoritesine ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k yerine tar\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyor, bug\u00fcn bile Peru-Bolivya k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin h\u00e2l\u00e2 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 sulama kanallar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fchendislik zek\u00e2s\u0131yla in\u015fa ediyor. Vakan\u00fcvisler ise Capac hanedan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen halklar\u0131n durumlar\u0131ndan memnun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Beylikler eyaletlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek merkeziyet\u00e7i yap\u0131ya s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131yorlar. Eric Hoffer \u201cDe\u011fi\u015fim Sanc\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda diyor ki: \u201cHareket dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey dengenin kaybolmas\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen bir tepkidir. \u0130nsan\u0131n dengesini bulmak i\u00e7in kollar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p oynatmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u015fahs\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in dengesini bozmam\u0131z gerekir.<\/em>\u201d Eric Hoffer\u2019dan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ki, Napolyon bir mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015f: \u201cH\u00fckmetme sanat\u0131, temelde bir denge bozma sanat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Manco Capac tam olarak b\u00f6yle yapm\u0131yor diyebiliriz. Handiyse tam tersine dengeyi koruyor. G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 Cusco vadisi insanlar\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7i bir hanedan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dengelerini yitirerek isyan ve direni\u015f hareketine yeltenebilirlerdi. Ne var ki kurnaz Manco Capac o insanlara dengeyi g\u00f6steriyor. G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fc Cusco vadisi insanlar\u0131n\u0131n kozmik ve haliyle toplumsal dengeleridir. Manco Capac kendisini ve ailesini g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olarak dayatarak kozmik dengeyi koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fi vaadinde bulunmu\u015f oluyor. \u0130\u015fte bu sars\u0131lmaz inan\u00e7 psikolojisi, yani g\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fc nedeniyle akan sular durdu\u011fu i\u00e7in Manco Capac hi\u00e7bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yor. \u0130nan\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc yeni d\u00fczenin kolayca kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve benimsenmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu yeni d\u00fczen Capac hanedan\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fidir. Kesin inan\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n Manco Capac\u2019\u0131n i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Saddam d\u00f6nemindeki Irak ordusu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordular\u0131ndan biridir deniyordu ama Amerika liderli\u011findeki i\u015fgal ordusu Irak\u2019\u0131 kolayca teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun sebepleri sonradan if\u015fa edildi. Birtak\u0131m tarikatlar Irak ordusu kurmay subaylar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine m\u00fcrit edinmi\u015flerdi, oysaki bu tarikatlar istihbarat servislerinin kurdu\u011fu yap\u0131lanmalard\u0131. Kesin inan\u00e7l\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda Cusco vadisi de Irak havzas\u0131 da havlu at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saddam’\u0131n ordusu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordular\u0131ndan biridir deniyordu ama Amerika liderli\u011findeki i\u015fgal ordusu Irak\u2019\u0131 kolayca teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birtak\u0131m tarikatlar Irak ordusu kurmay subaylar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine m\u00fcrit edinmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":8402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2,66],"tags":[265,1058,1061,1057,1060,1059],"coauthors":[733],"class_list":["post-8397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","tag-amerika","tag-beyaz-saray","tag-gunes-tanrisinin-cocuklari","tag-inka-imparatorlugu","tag-mama-ocllo","tag-manco-capac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/106"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8397"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8405,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8397\/revisions\/8405"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8397"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}