{"id":8774,"date":"2019-12-16T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/?p=8774&preview=true&preview_id=8774"},"modified":"2019-12-16T12:53:29","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T09:53:29","slug":"1991-1997-arasi-kazakistan-siyaseti-asyada-yukselis-ve-bilge-liderlige-dogru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/1991-1997-arasi-kazakistan-siyaseti-asyada-yukselis-ve-bilge-liderlige-dogru\/","title":{"rendered":"1991-1997 Aras\u0131 Kazakistan siyaseti: Asya\u2019da y\u00fckseli\u015f ve bilge liderli\u011fe do\u011fru"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 30 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde Kazakistan Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi ve
\nAvrasya Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan Ankara\u2019da organize edilen
\n\u201cT\u00fcrk Devletleri Birli\u011fine Giden Yolda Bilge Lider Nursultan Nazarbayev\u201d
\nba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 panelde sunulmu\u015ftur. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 1991-1997 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l ve hangi y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcstesinden gelindi\u011fini ele almaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin az bilinmesi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 refah\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmas\u0131, konunun detayland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenidir.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla Kazakistan\u2019da d\u00f6rt ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta sorun ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizlik, mal k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek enflasyon ve derin ekonomik durgunluk gibi sorunlarla ba\u015f ba\u015fa kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanayi \u00fcretimi yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azalm\u0131\u015f, tar\u0131m ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma sistemi a\u011f\u0131r yara alm\u0131\u015f, banka sisteminin ne kadar temelsiz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6denemeyen bor\u00e7lar \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019si ile e\u015fitlenmi\u015f (15-20 milyar dolar), kredi oranlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 400\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015f, y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyon y\u00fczde 2500 olmu\u015f ve i\u015fletmelerin yar\u0131s\u0131 iflas etmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00e7e gelirleri daralm\u0131\u015f, asgari \u00fccret y\u00fczde 90 gerilemi\u015f (242 Tenge), emeklilik maa\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6denemez h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f (111 Tenge), takas yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve fuhu\u015f artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nursultan Nazarbayev bu durumu \u201cu\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131nda duruyorduk<\/em>\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nazarbayev\u2019in kalk\u0131nma modeli<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nazarbayev, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131 1992\u2019den itibaren izlenecek kalk\u0131nma modeli i\u00e7in Kazakistan Egemen Devlet Olu\u015fum ve Geli\u015fim Stratejisi<\/em> ad\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir stratejik belge yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belgede her alanda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, sosyal sorumlulu\u011fa sahip giri\u015fimcilik, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 rekabet ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k serbest piyasa ekonomisi ile ilgili radikal kararlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belgenin temelinde ise devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, banka ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck sistemlerinin organizasyonu, piyasan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetlerle dolmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n te\u015fvik edilmesi gibi ama\u00e7lar mevcuttu. Art\u0131k geleneksel zihniyetten liberal de\u011ferlere ge\u00e7i\u015fin oldu\u011fu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke olman\u0131n ancak kendi kendine yeten giri\u015fimci insanlarla kurulabilece\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nazarbayev\u2019i zorlayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, i\u015fte bu yeni d\u00f6neme vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l cevap verilece\u011fi konusuydu. Zira Nazarbayev\u2019in en zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu; sars\u0131lmayacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen de\u011ferler sisteminin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nen insanlar\u0131, se\u00e7ilen istikametin do\u011frulu\u011funa, onlarca y\u0131l devam eden mevcut kal\u0131plar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tarz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin gereklili\u011fine inand\u0131rmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nazarbayev, Kazakistan ekonomisinin temelini Amerika\u2019y\u0131 1929 buhran\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karan Roosevelt\u2019in Yeni Kur, Malezya\u2019n\u0131n Perspektif 2020 ile \u00c7in ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin stratejik planlar\u0131n\u0131 rehber edinerek atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nazarbayev, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131 ilk alt\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131nda ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan stabil bir noktaya \u00e7ekerken ekonomik darbo\u011faz zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 atlatan \u00fclkelerin tecr\u00fcbelerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u015fu sonuca varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cHareketlerini \u00e7ok titiz bir \u015fekilde planl\u0131yorlar, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yorlar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve zay\u0131f y\u00f6nlerini do\u011fru tahlil ederek as\u0131l gayelerini \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyuyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/em> Nazarbayev, sadece ekonomik konular\u0131n de\u011fil \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc sosyal geli\u015fimin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Al\u0131nan tedbirler ve uygulanan politikalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilan\u0131ndan sonra bile bir s\u00fcre daha Rus ekonomisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalmaya devam edece\u011fini bilen Nazarbayev, \u00f6ncelikli olarak nitelikli, tecr\u00fcbeli, ayd\u0131n finans\u00e7\u0131 ve hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 bir araya getirerek Y\u00fcksek Ekonomik \u015eura<\/em>\u2019y\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. Bu \u015fura, piyasa modelinin ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini, de\u011fi\u015fecek ve de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek kurallar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu, ilgili ki\u015filere anlatmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; para, sermaye ve d\u00f6viz piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n genel piyasan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p, piyasaya m\u00fcdahale edilmemesi ve piyasan\u0131n daralt\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda Nazarbayev\u2019in, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu en sanc\u0131l\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde, kararl\u0131 ve so\u011fukkanl\u0131 tutum tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, uzman ki\u015filerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, d\u00fcnyada ekonomi ve piyasan\u0131n kalbi niteli\u011findeki \u00fclkelere ziyaretler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerine e\u015fit yakla\u015fmas\u0131 sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 giderek hissettirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Nazarbayev ayr\u0131ca 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Singapur mucizesinin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Lee Kuen Yew<\/em>\u2019i davet ederek bir hafta kendisinin iktisad\u00ee bilgilerinden istifade etmi\u015f, Amerikan ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131<\/em> dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan bilgiler alm\u0131\u015f, serbest piyasa ekonomisini her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1992-1994 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 y\u00fczde 1500-1800 aras\u0131nda seyreden hiperflasyon oranlar\u0131 Kazakistan\u2019daki krizin \u00fcretim ve finans krizine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir kan\u0131t\u0131 gibiydi. Bu do\u011frultuda y\u00fcksek enflasyonu engellemek i\u00e7in 1992\u2019de fiyat serbestle\u015fmesi olmu\u015f, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeye a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir. 1993-1995 aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi iletmeleri, in\u015faat, tar\u0131m in\u015faatlar\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131tlar \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Alt gelir grubundakilerin ev ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 giderilmi\u015ftir. 1996-1997 aras\u0131 elektrik, metal\u00fcrji, petrol ve gaz alan\u0131nda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelere h\u0131z verilmi\u015ftir. Nazarbayev, Rus paras\u0131 Ruble\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kal\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine gen\u00e7 iktisat\u00e7\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir ekip kurarak mill\u00ee paran\u0131n tedav\u00fcle sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlik ve gizlilik ile y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nitekim 15 Kas\u0131m 1993 tarihinde mill\u00ee para Tenge tedav\u00fcle sokulmu\u015ftur. Yeni para birimi y\u00fcksek enflasyonu dizginlemi\u015f ve egemenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131 konsolide etmi\u015ftir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k, enerji, vergi ve b\u00fct\u00e7e sistemi ile ilgili \u00f6zel kanunlar kabul edilmi\u015f, emeklilik, konut ve e\u011fitim reformlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bayrak, mar\u015f, dil ve mill\u00ee ruh \u00fczerinde \u00fclkedeki heterojen yap\u0131y\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan durularak halk\u0131n moral seviyesi y\u00fcksek tutulmu\u015ftur. Bola\u015fak Program\u0131<\/em> ile yetenekli gen\u00e7lere burs verilerek, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerinde lisans, y\u00fcksek lisans ve doktora d\u00fczeyinde okutulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece e\u011fitimli ve nitelikli bir neslin yeti\u015fmesi ve \u00fclkenin gelece\u011finde s\u00f6z sahibi olmalar\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1994\u2019te Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla Kazakistan topraklar\u0131nda kalan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck uzay istasyonlar\u0131ndan biri olan Baykonur Uzay \u0130stasyonu<\/em> 20 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na Rusya\u2019ya kiralanarak ciddi bir gelir elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131r sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131lan Rusya ve \u00c7in ile sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ticaret \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1995 Anayasas\u0131 kabul edilerek reformlar sistemli bir h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015f ve ulusal-uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131ya g\u00fcven verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte \u00fclkeye giri\u015f yapan Atlantik b\u00f6lgesinden uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in te\u015fvik sistemleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle gaz ve petrol alanlar\u0131na daha fazla a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir. Tengiz-Novorosiysk petrol hatt\u0131n\u0131n finansman\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve metal\u00fcrjik i\u015fletmelerde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131larla anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim ABD\u2019li \u015firket Chevron Corporation<\/em> Kazakistan\u2019a gelen ilk yabanc\u0131 \u015firket olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesiyle mal ve hizmet \u00fcretimi artm\u0131\u015f ve 1997\u2019de enflasyon y\u00fczde 17.4\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"kazakistan,

Ba\u015fkent Astana’dan bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/p><\/div>\n

Kazakistan 2030 stratejisi <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda at\u0131lan en \u00f6nemi somut ad\u0131mlar\u0131n sonuncusu ise 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni Ekonomi Strateji Belgesi<\/em>\u2019nin tamamlanmas\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belge ayn\u0131 zamanda Kazakistan-2030 stratejisi ve onun yedi temel unsuruna vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn korunmas\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • \u0130\u00e7 siyasi istikrar ve toplumun birli\u011finin muhafaza edilmesi.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Y\u00fcksek yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve a\u00e7\u0131k piyasa ekonomisi.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim ve refah art\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ihracat\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Ula\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim altyap\u0131s\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Profesyonel devlet, kurumsal ve etkin bir devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kazakistan 2030 stratejisinin temel hedefi, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f 50 \u00fclkesinden biri yapmakt\u0131r (bu hedefe \u015fimdiden ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131). Nazarbayev, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde de bu hedeflerin uygulanmas\u0131na \u00e7ok dikkat etmi\u015f, bu stratejiyi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde destekleyerek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te ulusal siyasal kimli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f politik hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u00e7ok gayret g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Nazarbayev, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu en zorlu ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ulusla\u015fma ve devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00fclkenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemesi, ekonomik refah sa\u011flamas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 arenada tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc peki\u015ftirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131, pragmatik ve anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir lider portresi \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc hi\u00e7bir zaman elden b\u0131rakmayan, di\u011fer etnik gruplara ve dinlere mensup insanlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamayan ve mezhep ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmayan bir liderdir. Nazarbayev d\u00f6neminde ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan ciddi bir istikrar ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme yakalanm\u0131\u015f, ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle geni\u015f bir kesimde refah art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda \u00fclke \u00e7ekim merkezi haline gelmi\u015f ve buna uygun yat\u0131r\u0131m kanunlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Nazarbayev, Nursultan (1992). \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Demokrasi Yolunda, Hotama K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131: \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

    Nazarbayev, Nursultan (2012). Kazakistan Yolu, SFN Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k: Ankara<\/p>\n

    Nazarbayev, Nursultan (2012). Kritik On Y\u0131l, SFN Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k: Ankara<\/p>\n

    Qas\u0131mbekov, B. Mahmud (2012). Halk\u0131n\u0131 Seven Halk\u0131n Sevdi\u011fi \u00d6nder, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n An\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130mak Ofset: \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

    Qas\u0131mbekov B. Mahmud (2018). Nursultan Nazarbayev Biyografi, Panama Kitabevi: Ankara<\/p>\n

    Y\u0131lmaz, Serdar (2016). Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Politikas\u0131, \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131, S\u00f6ylem, d\u0131\u015f Politika ve Lider Etkeni, Nobel Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k: Ankara.<\/p>\n

    Y\u0131lmaz, Serdar (2019). Asya Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda Y\u00fcksekten U\u00e7an Kartal: NAZARBAYEV\u2019\u0130N KAZAK\u0130STANI, Astana Yay\u0131nlar\u0131: Ankara.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcy. Serdar Y\u0131lmaz, SSCB’nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla, Kazakistan’\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ekonomik tedbir ve politikalar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu ve bu politikalar sonucu Kazakistan’\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":120,"featured_media":8780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[63,2,66,68],"tags":[],"coauthors":[1120],"class_list":["post-8774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","category-genel","category-siyaset-tarih","category-turkluk-turkculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/120"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8781,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8774\/revisions\/8781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8774"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/millidusunce.com\/misak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}